Annotated Bibliography

Primary Sources
Interviews
B., Elzbieta. Of Solidarnosc at the Present Time. Email Interview. 05 January 2012. Mrs. Elzbieta is one of our gracious Polish subjects that consented to an email interview. She is a fifty-year-old doctor currently teaching at a medical university. She did not provide answers for all of our questions but was able to inform us of present-day Solidarnosc and its service to the people. As she is aged, Mrs. Elzbieta is quite informed of the Solidarnosc Movement. Her interview gave us useful facts of Poland today and how it was affected by this historical Movement. Poznanska, Sabina. A Perspective of Polands Next Generation. Personal interview. 19 December 2011. Sabina Poznanska holds a position at Pomona Adult Day Health Care Center. My partner and I volunteer at this center often, and eventually, we encountered her. After discovering that she was a witness to the Solidarnosc events, we politely asked her for her help on this project. She gladly agreed to be interviewed, therefore allowing us a personal perspective on the revolutionary occurrences of Solidarnosc. Although there was a bit of a language barrier, as English is her second language, we managed to find a Polish translator and finally achieved solid responses to the various questions that we presented her with. R., Tadeusz. Of Solidarnosc at the Present Time. Email Interview. 05 January 2012. As a part of our series of email interviews of informed Polish peoples, Mr.

Tadeusz provided us with a fresh, new perspective: the perspective of a seventyyear-old engineer who worked as an electrician but is now retired. His career was of significance as the Solidarity Movement was a reaction of Polands laborers. He answered all of our questions shortly, but all of the content was vital to our Interviews section. Mr. Tadeuszs participation in our project proved to be valuable. Z., Zbignew. Of Solidarnosc at the Present Time. Email Interview. 01 January 2012. Mr. Zbignew is a current citizen of Poland who accepted our request to interview him on behalf of an acquaintance traveling to Poland this winter. We sent our acquaintance a list of five questions to ask of informed Polish citizens with a modern perspective. Mr. Zbignew provided us with very useful and lengthy answers that explain, in depth, his opinion on the Movement and its effects/role

in modern Polands society. Through it we can get a sense of his personality, as well as his educated point of view.

Books
Brolewicz, Walter. My Brother, Lech Walesa. New York: Tribeca Communications, 1983. Print. The author of this book is Walter Brolewicz, who is a prominent figure; Brolewicz is a cousin of Lech Walesa, yet he embraces Lech Walesa as a brother. Brolewicz's book includes family/personal portraits, personal experiences, and even an introduction by Lech Walesa himself (this can be considered as a primary source). The compilation of information in this book is important because it displays, in a clear manner, the events of the Solidarity Movement, Lech's own experiences, and

a variety of other people's experiences. Michnik, Adam. "Listening to the Past: A Solidarity Leader Speaks from Prison." A History of Western Society. By John P. McKay. 6th ed. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 2007.1062+. Print. Functioning as a primary source, this excerpt was taken from letters of one of the revolutionary leaders of the Solidarity Movement in Poland. It was written in July 1944 when he wrote his Letters from Prison after activist, Adam Michnik was arrested. In this letter he conveyed the reason for the denouncement of violence in the Solidarnosc. He uses reason and examples of the past as he showed the negative effect of the French Revolution and Russian Revolution. He believes that a peaceful and civil revolution will be best for the citizens and that communication source is one of the few and will be put to

is vital to the revolution. This primary good use in our project.

Walesa, Lech. The Struggle and the Triumph; An Autobiography. Hamermill Press, New York, New York; 1994 Amazing, compelling, and powerful, this autobiography is written by the inspiring leader himself, Lech Walesa; it is therefore considered a primary source. Walesa divided his book into three parts: At Home, Public Life, and Keeping Faith, for a total of thirty-seven chapters, exclusive of his introduction, epilogue, and concluding portions of Polish pronunciations, names and acronyms, and a chronology. In this autobiography, Walesas story is told in his own words, through his own eyes. The book picks up where his earlier volume of memoirs, The Way of Hope, left off; Walesa continues his account of Polands inexorable march

toward independence by reliving what may have been the darkest moment of all (taken from the books book jacket). Lech Walesas autobiography is more than

an inside account of Polands recent history, it is also a candid self-portrait by this fascinating, unique, and outspoken man Lech Walesas autobiography presents the struggle and triumph of a nation, and of the man who came to embody them (taken from the book jacket).

Videos
Fall of Communism. PBS/KCET. DVD. Although this citation is minimal, this source was actually extremely useful in providing excellent multimedia. The video clips that we obtained from this PBS program were just what we needed in order to make our site both visually appealing/stimulating and fully concentrated with necessary inspirational/concrete detail. We took video clips of some personal accounts, one of Lech Walesa's speeches, and even actual evidence of martial law and the violence involved with it. We also used a brief clip discussing the fall of the Soviet Union for our Reform page and a political cartoon illustrating the fall of the USSR in order to provide a mentally relaxing/enjoyable element amidst the concentration of fact and analysis.

Websites
Kowalewski, Zbigniew. "Solidarnosc Anniversary - A Revolution Betrayed." International Viewpoint - News and Analysis from the Fourth International. Fourth International, 18 Aug. 2005. Web. 11 Dec. 2011. http://www.internationalviewpoint.org/article.php3?id_article=863. We discovered this primary source in an online newspaper called International

Viewpoint (as a part of the Fourth International). Created by none other than a member of Solidarnosc, its contents are written with depth and an informed aura. The article opens with a four paragraph quote and included sources at the bottom. Continuing, there are four titles; Solidarnosc Transformed, Experts in Capitalism, Democracy Stifled, and Against the Interests of Workers. This was made as an anniversary of the movement and the criticism of the Solidarnosc in keeping capitalism. This whole article is based on that perspective, on the negative side of the Solidarnosc and its outcome. This information is useful in providing us with a new outlook. Siegelbaum, Lewis. "1985: Perestroika and Glasnost." Seventeen Moments in Soviet History. National Endowment for Humanities, 2012. Web. 01 Mar. 2012. <http://www.soviethistory.org/index.php?page=subject&SubjectID=1985perestroi ka&Year=1985>. Remarkably, the article that we utilized as a part of this website (Seventeen Moments in Soviet History) is actually an online archive of primary source materials regarding Soviet history. As advertised, the article on Perestroika and Glasnost provided us with fascinating material regarding Gorbachev's themes in his reforms, his political/economical aim, and society's response. This website was solely utilized in order to extend into the universal importance of Solidarnosc, which was on our Post-Solidarity page.

Secondary Sources
Articles

Barker, Colin. "The Rise of Solidarnosc." International Socialism. International Socialism, 17 Oct. 2005. Web. 21 Dec. 2011. http://www.isj.org.uk/index.php4? id=136issue=108. The author created a chronological article of the Solidarity Movement. He stated facts of the series of events until 1991. He explained the poverty Poland went through in the 1970s and the formation of the workers and their strategies they used. It also stated involving people and parties with the confliction of the opposing members of the Solidarnosc. Because the site is titled International Socialism, the point of this article is for educational purpose about significant events in society. A timeline can be created by this article with its impeccable order. Bartkowski, Maciej. Movements and Campaigns. Learn about Nonviolent Conflict and Civil Resistance. Nonviolent Conflict, Dec. 2009. Web. 29 Sept. 2011. http://www.nonviolent-conflict.org/index.php/movements-andcampaigns/movements-and-campaigns-summaries? sobi2Task=sobi2Details&sobi2Id=8. The host of this article is a website titled Nonviolent Conflict. Polands Solidarity Movement is sorted under Movements and Campaigns in the websites subcategories. Various pieces of information are included, for example, the Nature of Struggle in regard to the Movement (the website labels the struggle as a prodemocracy movement); the Movements target (communist regime); and figures in the Movement (workers, intellectuals, students, peasants, Catholic Church, major professional groups: doctors, lawyers, journalists, artists). The body of the article includes a Conflict Summary, in-depth information regarding the Political History

of triggering the Movement, Strategic Actions taken by the members of the Movement, and a section titled The Situation Today that informs the reader on current circumstances, or the aftermath of the Movement. Birnbaum, Norman. "Remember Solidarity! Poland's Journey to Democracy." OpenDemocracy. OpenDemocracy, 25 Aug. 2005. Web. 29 Sept. 2011. http://www.opendemocracy.net/democracy-protest/polish_democracy_2782.jsp. Understandably, this article is hosted by the website www.opendemocracy.net. The article is titled Remember Solidarity! Poland's journey to democracy and is written by Norman Birnbaum. Birnbaum is a university professor emeritus at Georgetown University Law Center (http://www.opendemocracy.net/democracyprotest/polish_democracy_2782.jsp). His article discusses the role of the Polish Solidarity Movement in illuminating important lessons regarding democratization. Information in the article is grouped into four categories (as titled on the website): the shape of the struggle; Catholics, conscience, and history; Soviet fissures; and learning imagination. The introduction to the article discusses historical background of the Movement, the actions of Lech Walesa, and the outcome of the Movement; ultimately, this introduction summarizes the Movement. Donovan, Jeffrey. Poland: Solidarity The Trade Union That Changed The World. Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty - Free Media in Unfree Societies. Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty, 24 Aug. 2005. Web. 29 Sept. 2011. http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1060898.html. Hosted by the website of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty; this article is titled Poland: Solidarity The Trade Union That Changed The World and is authored

by Jeffrey Donovan. The article was written on the 24th of August, 2005 to commemorate the 25th year since unemployed Polish electrician Lech Walesa struck a major blow to Soviet communism when, after leading a strike at the Lenin Shipyard in Gdansk, he announced the official birth of the Solidarity independent trade union (www.rferl.org/content/article/1060898.html). Donovan outlines the events making up the Movement and even includes an interview with Bronislaw Geremek, a member of the European Parliament (as of 2005), who was also one of the leading intellectuals of the Solidarity movement. Jilani, Zaid. "Activist Who Reagan Called 'One Of The World's Greatest Labor Leaders' Coming To Support Occupy Wall Street." Think Progress. Zaid Jilani, 14 Oct. 2011. Web. 30 Nov. 2011. <http://thinkprogress.org/special/2011/10/14/344327/activist-ronald-reagan-calledone-of-the-worlds-greatest-labor-leaders-coming-to-support-occupy-wall-street/>. Zaids article was published as a special topic in a news website called Think Progress. It is titled Activist Who Reagan Called One of the Worlds Greatest Labor Leaders Coming to Support Occupy Wall Street. It does not include any significant detail of the Solidarity Movement but a picture of him will be poster on our groups website. The article is basically informing the reader that Lech Walesa would be joining the Occupy Wall Street protestors since he sympathizes with the protestors. It also shows a video of President Ronald Reagan awarding Walesa the Nobel Peace Prize in 1983. The article includes many face book comments about the Occupy Wall Street. Jones, Rob. "The Rise and Fall of Solidarnosc." Socialism Today. Socialism Today, Mar.

2002. Web. 11 Dec. 2011. http://www.socialismtoday.org/63/solidarnosc.html. The lengthy article of socialismtoday.org observed the movement carefully and with specific detailed events. The point of this article is to derive the cause of restoration of capitalism after the success of overthrowing Stalin. It consisted of four subtitles, including: Nature of Stalinism, Post-War Poland, East Looks West, and Which Way Forward. The article included information of the changing political parties its influence over the people and the economic situation it held and its consequence over the people. The way the article is written is very detailed and factual. The observation it consisted of is of importance in our timeline. Kowalewski, Zbigniew. "Solidarnosc Anniversary - A Revolution Betrayed." International Viewpoint - News and Analysis from the Fourth International. Fourth International, 18 Aug. 2005. Web. 11 Dec. 2011. http://www.internationalviewpoint.org/article.php3?id_article=863. The following article was created by member of Solidarnosc; therefore, it is a primary source. It was written for an online newspaper called International Viewpoint as a part of the Fourth International. The article opens with a four paragraph quotes and included sources at the bottom. Continuing, there are four titles; Solidarnosc Transformed, Experts in Capitalism, Democracy Stifled, and Against the Interests of Workers. This was made as an anniversary of the movement and the criticism of the Solidarnosc in keeping capitalism. This whole article is based on that perspective, on the negative side of the Solidarnosc and its outcome. Still, this information is useful in providing us a new outlook. Kreis, Steven. Lech Walesa. The History Guide Main. The History Guide, 2000.

Web. 29 Sept. 2011. http://www.historyguide.org/europe/walesa.html. The host of this article is The History Guide, authored by Steven Kreis. The site contains the complete content of three undergraduate courses in European history (www.historyguide.org/europe/walesa.html). This particular article discusses Lech Walesa, his role in the Movement, and his accomplishments. This page is actually a link from the original lecture titled 1989: The Walls Came Tumbling Down (the wall mentioned here involve the Soviet Union). Lech Walesas article provides a brief biography, but mostly supplies information in regard to his relations with the Solidarity Movement. Kronstadt_Kid. "Solidarnosc: Trade Unionism in Poland - Subversion." Libcom.org. Libcom.org, 31 Aug. 2010. Web. 01 Mar. 2012. <http://libcom.org/library/solidarnosc-trade- unionism-poland-1994-subversion>. Libcom's website was useful in our Revolution section, where the failure of the PZPR and the creation of the KOR is discussed. The 20th century crisis that Poland was experiencing is explained in-depth in this article, providing useful information on the actual transition in governmental powers. The cohesion and order that is demonstrated in this display of information is a necessary and excellent supplement to our website. Mayfield, James. "Poland's Solidarity Uprising in Pictures, a Catalyst to the Fall of the Soviet Union." European Heritage Library - European History, Cultures, Historical Memory, and European and Immigrant Identities. EuroHeritage. Web. 27 Dec. 2011. <http://euroheritage.net/polishresistancetocommunism.shtml>. Mayfields article is hosted by the Chairman of the European Heritage site. It is an

article focused on the thirteen picture gallery he set up especially for this purpose. It contains one propaganda art, a map, a place, four important figures, and six protest pictures. The written contents of the article include a detailed summary of the whole movement. It starts at the point when Poland was under communist rule and ended with the formation of the Republic of Poland. At the end there is also information about the author and the sources where the pictures are derived from. Nakhoda, Zein. "Polish Workers General Strike for Economic Rights, 1980." Nvdatabase.swathmore. Global Nonviolence Action Database, 28 Aug. 2010. Web. 29 Feb. 2012. <http://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/polish-workersgeneral-strike- economic-rights-1980>. When we were editing the website in order to make it presentable to County History Day we added more information to the creation of the KOR since it needed more length. The website was useful in providing us those information and we

have cited the URL on our web page. The article was thorough in its information of the Solidarity Movement.Poland - Solidarity. Country Studies. U.S. Library of Congress. Web. 29 Sept. 2011. http://countrystudies.us/poland/81.htm. Published by the U.S. Library of Congress, this online article is one of the main sources of information for this project and it is under the subsection titled Solidarity, under the main section Government. Five thorough paragraphs are provided concerning the historical background of Solidarity, the change of Solidarity over time, actual occurrences during the Movement, and the outcome of the Movement. Similarly to other Solidarity articles, Lech Walesa and his role in

the Movement is mentioned several times. His actions and the result of them are also mentioned. Repa, Jan. "BBC NEWS | Europe | Analysis: Solidarity's Legacy." BBC News Home. BBC World News, 12 Aug. 2005. Web. 01 Nov. 2011. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4142268.stm>. Returning to the BBC World News website, this article is authored by Jan Repa, a BBC Europe analyst. Repa analyzes the Movements legacy, providing information on the papal visit, moral revolution, martial law, evil crackdown, and wealth creation. Four photos are provided to illustrate the content of the article, with informative captions to match them. The photos captions read: 1. Solidarity brought books and libraries to the Polish shipyards; 2. Pope John Paul II played a major role, inspiring many Poles; 3. Wojciech Jaruzelski could not stem the tide of opposition; 4. Lech Walesa: 1980s hero still hoping for a comeback (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4142268.stm). A quote from 1980 by a fellow BBC reporter, Tim Sebastian, is also provided. Simon, Henry. "1980: Poland Mass Strikes - Henri Simon." Libcom.org. Extemp, 3 Apr. 2009. Web. 21 Dec. 2011. <http://libcom.org/history/1980-poland-massstrikes>. This article was republished by a user of the facility. It is written by a witness named Henri Simone. It is a four section article that was titled Working Class Consciousness is Aroused, August 15-21, Two Crucial Weeks; Gdansk: The Industrialization of the Rank-and-File Movement, and :September 1980: Tow Bureaucracies Against the Rank-and-File. The witness talked about the actions

leading to the peak of the revolution in economical, social, and political terms. He listed specific dates of events such as rioting, conferences, and negotiations made. He brought the significance of prices of food items in the article as it is titled A New World: From Meat Prices to Direct Democracy. "Solidarity Gdansk Poland." Gdansk Life | Gdansk Travel Guide | Restaurants Pubs Bars Hotels and Gdansk Apartments | Gdynia Sopot Poland. Gdansk-Life. Web. 29 Sept. 2011. http://www.gdansk-life.com/poland/solidarity. This article is hosted by www.gdansk-life.com. Instead of a simple display of information, the Movement is presented to the reader in a compelling storyline. The single picture in the middle of the text effectively displays emotion-filled, on-fire Polish workers and leaders. Of course, information concerning Walesa is abundant. The article fulfills the entire storyline/timeline of the Movement, concluding with a report on the effect of the Movement on current Polish politics. "The Cold War." HS-102 Readings. Suffolk Community College Department. Web. 01 Mar. 2012. <http://www2.sunysuffolk.edu/westn/coldwar.html>. Our reform section reached into such topics as the Cold War, which explains the need for a source discussing the Cold War, the substance of it, and the important dates involved. This website was utilized solely in our reform section, specifically on our Post-Solidarity page. The information provided was sufficient for our extension into the universal reason why Solidarity matters.

Books
Cirtautas, Arista Maria. The Polish Solidarity Movement Revolution, Democracy and Natural Rights. London [u.a.: Routledge, 1997. Print.

This book is available at www.books.google.com. Although the full book is not provided, the pages that are provided supply plenty of useful information regarding the Movement. The Table of Contents introduces the five chapters of the book: 1. The charismatic presentation of natural rights: a Weberian theory of democracy, 2. Formal natural rights and the American Revolution, 3. Substantive natural rights and the French Revolution, 4. Natural rights and liberal capitalist development: an overview, and 5. The Marxist-Leninist response to natural rights and liberal capitalism. Cirtautas book begins with a preface and an introduction describing revolution, democracy, and the Solidarity Movement. Craig, Mary. Lech Walesa and His Poland. New York, N.Y: Continuum, 1987. Print. The author of this biography, Mary Craig, is a professional journalist and broadcaster. Craig carried out extensive and personal research and interviews with Walesa and his close family and friends in order to strengthen her work. The beginning of the book includes a guide to Polish pronunciations, a foreword, prologue, and a map of Poland. Craig divided the book into two parts: The Wilderness Years and Solidarity and After (1980-1985) for a total of twentyseven chapters. The contents of the book also include a series of black-and-white pictures depicting the Movement. The book is concluded by a postscript reporting on happenings after the book was finished and an endpiece by Bohdan Cywinski. Garton, Ash Timothy. The Polish Revolution. New York, NY: Scribner, 1983. Print. In The Polish Revolution, Ash concludes his lucid analysis of this most paradoxical of European revolutions with an original and provocative view of

Western responses to it (taken from the books book jacket). Gartons book begins with a map of Poland, then introduces the contents, which include acknowledgments, a preface, and an introduction. Similar to Craigs bibliography, Garton divides his book into two parts: Revolution and Reflections, for a total of eleven chapters. The book is concluded with a chronology/timeline of the events described in the book, abbreviations in reference to the ones he used in his book, and notes to respective pages in the book. Glenn E. Curtis, ed. Poland: A Country Study. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1992. Print. This book is part of an area handbook series. The citation provided indicates that this book is of the Library of Congress. The contents include a wide variety of information regarding Poland, including the required information on the Solidarity Movement (found under Government > Solidarity). Various aspects of Poland are presented here, including its history, geography, society, economy, and government (especially useful to our topic). Furthermore, the information in this book travels through a wide range of time. The Library of Congress website mentioned previously provides much of the information we discovered in this printed version of the source; however, we found that the printed version, rather than the online version, of Poland: A Country Study assisted us in a different way. Heale, Jay. Poland. New York: Marshall Cavendish Corporation, 1994. Print. Heales Poland is a part of the Cultures of the World series. Throughout the book, color pictures are provided to illustrate respective information. Pieces of information regarding the Solidarity movement are found on pages 16, 26-27, 29,

32, 35, 42, 71, 73, and 113. In addition, the Soviet Union is discussed on pages 24, 25, 35, 38, 39, and 49. Pages 26-27 provide a large majority of useful information and illustrations, describing the basic idea of the Movement. Page 28 provides a brief biography of Lech Walesa. The succeeding pages provide pieces of information here and there that connect to the Movement and describe its role in Polands government then and now. McKay, John P., Bennett D. Hill, and John Buckler. "Revolution, Reunification, and Rebuilding: 1985 to the Present." A History of Western Society. 6th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1999. 1033-035. Print. Information on the Solidarity Movement is located in the chapter titled Revolution, Reunification, and Rebuilding: 1985 to the Present on pages 1033-1035. This section includes information on Gorbachev and also indicates a primary source in Listening to the Past. Two pictures are shown to display the action of the Movement; the captions roughly explain the Solidarity Movement over the years. Political vocabulary in relation to Poland is also stated in this chapter. Misztal, Bronislaw. Poland after Solidarity: Social Movements versus the State. New Brunswick, N.J., U.S.A.: Transaction, 1985. Print. Bronislaws book is available on www.books.google.com. In relation to the previous books that were divided into two parts, this book is divided into Part One: Social Movement Versus the State and Part Two: Beyond Solidarity, for a total of ten chapters. Although the entire contents of the book are not supplied, the pages shown provide a sufficient supply of information regarding historical background to the Movement and a chapter titled Apathy-Participation-Apathy: The Vicious

Circle of Collective Behavior in Contemporary Poland. Bronislaw also includes transaction books of related interest: The Psychology of Marxian Socialism by Henry de Man, with a new introduction by Peter J. Steinberger, and The Many Faces of Socialism: Essays in Comparative Sociology and Politics by Paul Hollander. Penn, Shana. "Foreword." Foreword. Solidarity's Secret. Michigan: University of Michigan, 2005. Umich Press. University of Michigan. Web. 22 Dec. 2011. http://press.umich.edu/pdf/0472113852-fm.pdf. Following even more extensive research with the help of the popular search engine, Google, this online book was finally encountered. The press of University of Michigan decided to release the Foreword of this book. The book is essentially a story focused on the women who contributed to Solidarnosc and their vital part as a catalyst in the movement. The Foreword itself is not written by Mrs. Penn but by Irena Grudzinska-Gross. She expressed that the women of Solidarnosc are those who started the actual formation. This fact was an interesting topic of our subject. Sharman, Tim. The Rise of Solidarity. Hove: Wayland, 1986. Print. In this informative book, Sharman describes the flashpoints in the rise of the Movement. There are a total of ten chapters: 1. Occupation at Gdansk; 2. Polands troubled past; 3. Bread and Freedom; 4. A new party chief; 5. Walesa leads the way; 6. The Gdansk Agreement; 7. Economy in chaos; 8. Hope and hardship; 9. Martial law; and 10. Solidarity today. Gdansk strike demands, a chronology, and a glossary are also provided. An especially useful aspect about this book is the abundance in illustrations accompanying the text. The black-and-white photos

under each piece of text, with their informative captions, are perfect complements to the information that Sharman displays in this book. Weber, Wolfgang. Solidarity in Poland, 1980-1981 and the Perspective of Political Revolution. Detroit: Labor Publications, 1989. Print. Wolfgangs book is available on www.books.google.com. The contents of the book are limited, but a sufficient majority of the chapters are represented. Numerous black-and-white photos are also present in this preview. Chapters included in this book include: Historical and Social Origins of the Struggle of 1980-81, The History and Significance of the Struggle for an Independent Trade Union, and From the August Victory to the Proclamation of Martial Law. Suggestions for further reading are also provided, supplying a useful source for additional information. Zamoyski, Adam. The Polish Way: A Thousand-year History of the Poles and Their Culture. New York, NY: Hippocrene, 1987. Print. Information on the Movement is located in various locations, including pages 390, 391-2, and 394-7. Various maps and figures are also represented, as indicated at the start of the book. In addition to an excellent supply of textual information, blackand-white photos complement the content. The table of contents divides the book into twenty-two chapters, traveling through time and Polands changes over time. Further readings are also generously supplied.

Images
Adobe Flash Player Icon. Digital image. Pressbyte. 2011. Web. 11 Jan. 2012. <http://www.pressbyte.com/1856/adobe-flash-player-102-download/>. To provide full experience for our audience, we made sure to include free

downloads for the various multimedia hosting programs that we utilized. This Adobe Flash Player icon serves as the linking image to a free download of Adobe Flash Player on our Intro page. Adobe PDF Reader. Digital image. The Cell Phone Junkie. 17 Dec. 2011. Web. 2012. <http://thecellphonejunkie.com/2011/10/17/adobe-releases-pdf-reader-forios/>. The Adobe Reader program is necessary to view certain aspects of our site, so we that free download as well. This image also serves as a linking image to a free download of Adobe PDF Reader. "Anna Walentynowicz" Digital image. Solidarity Phenomenon. 2005. Web. 30 Dec. 2011. <http://www.solidarnosc.gov.pl/index.php?document=48>. Anna is a significant victim among the Solidarnosc participants; this is a picture of her in the midst of the protestors. It is the third picture of our Homepage gallery. Apple Quick Time. Digital image. Softrar. 2011. Web. 11 Jan. 2012. <http://softrar.com/1676-apple-quicktime-pro-7-71-80-42/>. The Apple Quicktime clipart is displayed on our Intro page to provide easy access to a free download of Apple Quicktime, a probable media host that is required to have a full experience of our website. Chicagometroarearealestate. Web. 29 Feb. 2012. <http://www.chicagometroarearealestate.com/images/Dominos1.jpg>. Amid our Reaction page of the National History Day website we have included the theory of the Anti-Domino effect. We encountered, after a long search, the perfect dominoes in which we can manipulate to express our theory. It was encountered

using Google Images and put the name of the countries to illustrate the AntiDomino effect in the spread of Anti-Communism. Communism, Martial Law, Freedom. Digital image. Fenomen Solidarnosoi. Poland.gov.pl, 2005. Web. 23 Dec. 2011. <http://www.solidarnosc.gov.pl/gallery/gazeta/40/OK_053.jpg>. While surfing through the web, yet another online photo gallery was discovered. This site's photo gallery was of great convenience and used to the point of exhaustion. This particular image is the final image on our Reform: The Ramification of the Movement section; it is an actual postage stamp of 1980/1981's Poland, displaying the image of two fingers held up in the air, or a peace sign, and Solidarnosc's logo in the top right corner. The backdrop is Poland's flag. This image serves very appropriately as the concluding image of our main information, as well as a great correspondent to the inspirational poem by Mazowiecki that is placed alongside it. "Count on Me" Digital image. Solidarity Phenomenon. 2005. Web. 30 Dec. 2011. http://www.solidarnosc.gov.pl/index.php?document=48. The image of two hands joining each other is an actual poster that Solidarnosc used; it is the second picture in our Homepage gallery. Digital image. The People behind the Places. Virtual Tourist. Web. 23 Dec. 2011. <http://cache.virtualtourist.com/4/2316584LECH_WALESA_SIGNS_AGREEMENT_WITH_GOVERNMENT_31 _AU_Gdansk.jpg>. Nearing the conclusion of the Reform: The Ramification of the Movement section

of our website, this image corresponds to a quote regarding the victory of Solidarity. This image reflects this quote because it is the actual instance of Lech Walesa signing an agreement with the government. This implies Solidarity's success. Duda, Bronislaw. Workers' Defense Committee. Digital image. Gazeta Wyborcza. Gazeta Wyborcza. Web. 23 Dec. 2011. <http://wyborcza.pl/55,93935,3627464,,,,3627884.html>. The depiction of branch riot police readied to storm fiery workers is the final element on our Revolution: Uprising of Solidarity section. As a final note, this image binds the information on the page firmly together, concluding with the thought of persistent workers that dared to hold out against officials to express their dissatisfactions and opinions. Greatness, Polish. Solidarnosc Photo Gallery. Digital image. POLISH GREATNESS. Polishgreatness.com, 01 July 2010. Web. 23 Dec. 2011. <http://www.polishgreatness.com/solidarnoscphotogallery.html>. Yet again, we utilized the readily available source of Polish Greatness's photo gallery. This time, we used this image of Poles demanding peace (as conveyed through their two fingers held up in the air, or the peace sign) and reform. This was a perfect addition to our 'Imposing of Martial Law' subsection. Greatness, Polish. Solidarnosc Photo Gallery. Digital image. POLISH GREATNESS. Polishgreatness.com, 01 July 2010. Web. 23 Dec. 2011. <http://www.polishgreatness.com/solidarnoscphotogallery.html>. The second picture displayed in the Reform: The Ramification of the Movement

section of the website captures Poles in their daily life duties, including waiting in long lines to be able to buy necessities at a corner store. This image corresponds to the quote regarding food rationing. Greatness, Polish. Solidarnosc Photo Gallery. Digital image. POLISH GREATNESS. Polishgreatness.com, 01 July 2010. Web. 23 Dec. 2011. <http://www.polishgreatness.com/solidarnoscphotogallery.html>. The third picture displayed in the Reform: The Ramification of the Movement section of the website is the cover of an issue of Time magazine. The cover includes a focal point of Lech Walesa's face, the subtitle 'Shaking up Communism', and a color scheme to match the political transformation of Poland. This image corresponds to a quote regarding Lech Walesa's achievements. Greatness, Polish. Solidarnosc Photo Gallery. Digital image. POLISH GREATNESS. Polishgreatness.com, 01 July 2010. Web. 23 Dec. 2011. <http://www.polishgreatness.com/solidarnoscphotogallery.html>. The fourth image on the Reform: The Ramification of the Movement section of our website is a full-color image involving a mass in support of Solidarnosc. This image corresponds to a quote regarding the renewed fiery spirit of the Solidarnosc participants in 1988. Karti-map. Digital image. Web. 29 Feb. 2012. <http://www.mtm.inet.pl/kartki_map.jpg>. An image of Poland is outlined as colored images of the newspaper can be identified inside the outline of the Polish map. The Solidarnosc letters are on top in red. We used this image in our first timeline on the strike page that gave day to day information of the Solidarity Movement in Poland. place

Marciuk, Jaroslaw. "At Sala BHP" Digital image. Flickr. Inspiros Consulting Group, 15 Oct. 2011. Web. 2012. http://www.flickr.com/photos/inspiros/6246401085/in/photostream. The images of this Flickr gallery was permitted for use to us by the Inspiros Consulting Group group. The content of the image is a vertical collage; a part of a Solidarnosc exhibition in Poland. Marciuk, Jaroslaw. Sala BHP Stocznia Gdanska Solidarity. Digital image. Flickr. Inspiros Consulting Group, 25 Aug. 2011. Web. 2012. http://www.flickr.com/photos/inspiros/6130585215/in/photostream. We gained permission to use these Flickr photos from the owner by email communication. As we went through their assorted Polish pictures, we noticed there was a series of pictures from a Solidarnosc exhibition. This specific picture is of a series of hanging Polish flags. Marciuk, Jaroslaw. "Sala BHP Stocznia Gdanska Solidarity" Digital image. Flickr. Inspiros Consulting Group, 25 Aug. 2011. Web. 2012. http://www.flickr.com/photos/inspiros/6131135384/. A gallery exhibition in Poland included this picture as a part of their display. It depicts a large number of men in official uniforms facing a large Solidarnosc flag, occupying the entire scene depicted in this image. Martial law imposed. Digital image. Wikimedia. Web. 23 Dec. 2011. <http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/T55A_Martial_law_Poland.jpg>. Although this image is taken from the questionable publisher, Wikimedia, this

depiction of Poland's troops enforcing law against fellow citizens is perfect in illustrating the unfair imposing of martial law onto the laborers. Army units constantly roaming the streets, thousands of Solidarity arrestsall of it made up the unfair reality of martial law. Mista, Z. "Workers on the Wall of the Yard" Digital image. Solidarity Phenomenon. 2005. Web. 30 Dec. 2011. <http://www.solidarnosc.gov.pl/index.php? document=48>. As the sixth picture of our introductory gallery, the center point of this image is a mother and her baby walking by a wall expressing the political conflict of Poland at the time; it is covered in protesting graffiti, and seemingly supported by the four men near the top of the wall. Mrch, Jens. Lech Walesa. Digital image. Solidarnosc: 1939-1989. Solidarnosc.dk, 06 May 2009. Web. 23 Dec. 2011. <http://www.solidarnosc.dk/lech-walesa-0>. Mrch's article on Lech Walesa provided us with more useful information about the revolutionary leader, as well as with a mini-slideshow of five pictures. This image was the second of the five images displayed. In our Reform: The Ramification of the Movement section, this image functioned as the first to be displayed, corresponding to a quote explaining the release of Walesa from prison. Narodowej, IPN, Instytut Pamieci. KOR. Komitet Obrony Robotnikow. Komitet Samoobrony Spolecznej. Digital image. BOOKS AND PUBLICATIONS OF THE INSTITUTE OF NATIONAL REMEMBRANCE. IPN.poczytaj.pl. Web. 23 Dec. 2011. <http://www.poczytaj.pl/okl/35000/35164.jpg>. As mentioned before, we decided to create 'Back page' and 'Next page' buttons

using the ideas of the political reform of Poland. This clipart, an image with KOR clearly stamped across it, functions as the linking image for the 'Next page' button used throughout our website. The KOR logo is used for 'Next page' because Poland transferred its power over from the unsuccessful PZPR to the KOR, an icebreaker and catalyst for the Solidarnosc revolution. National History Day 2012. Digital image. History Day California. National History Day California. Web. 11 Jan. 2012. <http://www.historydaycalifornia.org/contest/theme/>. The design of this image was created by the National History Day association. Revolution, Reaction, and Reform is the topic created by the association for this years contest. We used the picture in our introduction page to clearly display this years theme. Nawrocki, G. "Mass at the Yard" Digital image. Solidarity Phenomenon. 2005. Web. 30 Dec. 2011. http://www.solidarnosc.gov.pl/index.php?document=48. The fifth picture in our gallery depicts Pope John Paul II holding mass at the yard strike for the Solidarity protestors. He is a significant figure who helped the Movement. Nieznalski, B. "Families Strikers outside the Gate" Digital image. Solidarity Phenomenon. 2005. Web. 30 Dec. 2011. http://www.solidarnosc.gov.pl/index.php? document=48. The families outside of the gate are easily identified in this picture; we have utilized is located it as the ninth picture of our Homepage gallery. PAP. Edward Gierek. Digital image. Radia Wolnosci. Radia Wolnosci. Web. 23 Dec.

2011. <http://static.polskieradio.pl/files/50845489-11f0-4006-bf60eb34d6070ebe.file>. The second image that we decided to use to complement our brief description of Edward Gierek as a PZPR party leader. Here, Gierek is deeply engaged in his public appearancethe three microphones in front of him project his nationrevolutionizing ideas to his audience. PAP. Wadysaw Gomulka. Digital image. Radia Wolnosci. Radia Wolnosci. Web. 25 Dec. 2011. <http://www.polskieradio.pl/68/790/Artykul/282263,WladyslawGomulka>. Page three of our NHD website (titled Revolution: Uprising of Solidarity) introduces itself with a brief recap on Poland's political history leading up to Solidarnosc. This image of Wladyslaw Gomulka, the PZPR's first secretary, is used as a supplement alongside brief descriptions of significant party of leaders of the PZPR (a part of the political history), the unsuccessful party preceding the KOR. Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa. Digital image. Katedra Slavistiky FF UP - Sekce Polonistiky. Katedra Slavistiky FF UP. Web. 23 Dec. 2011. <http://polonistika.upol.cz/moduly/pzpr.gif>. As a simple icon displaying the PZPR's logo, this clipart is used throughout our NHD website. It is used as the linking image for the 'Back page' button. Our idea for the 'Back page' and 'Next page' buttons incorporated the political reform of Polandthe 'Back page' icon is the PZPR logo because the reform of Poland resulted in failure of the power of the PZPR, transferring to another power. "Poster of Solidarity" Digital image. Solidarity Phenomenon. 2005. Web. 30 Dec.

2011. http://www.solidarnosc.gov.pl/index.php?document=48. We created an informative image that included the project title, participant names, division, and entry category. On this image, we included three other related images. This particular image is of a poster that displays the twisted Polish flag with the Solidarnosc emblem. Rydzewski, J."Workers Playing Chess on the Wall of the Yard" Digital image. Solidarity Phenomenon. 2005. Web. 30 Dec. 2011. <http://www.solidarnosc.gov.pl/index.php?document=48>. The black and white image depicts a man laying down in wait when the image is enlarged. It is the seventh image out of the nine in our home gallery. RYMASZEWSKI, FRANEK. 1980 - 1989 THE BIRTH OF A FREE, DEMOCRATIC POLAND. Digital image. RYMASZEWSKI FAMILY in AUSTRALIA and WORLD-WIDE. FRANEK RYMASZEWSKI. Web. 23 Dec. 2011. <http://www.rymaszewski.iinet.net.au/3maps.html>. As the first image displayed on the Reaction: Solidarnosc portion of our website, this depiction of Lech Walesa addressing fiery strike workers at the Gdansk shipyard is an excellent supplement to the opening subsection of this webpage, titled 'Strike!' Saragi, Teofanny. Sabina Poznanska. Digital image. Revolution of Polish Citizens, Reaction of the World, Reform of a European Nation. Weebly, 30 Dec. 2011. Web. <http://17005909.nhd.weebly.com/interviews.html>. Sabina Poznanska is one of our interview subjects. She is a Polish native who was a witness to the Solidarnosc events. We conducted this interview in person and

posted an image of her on our website in order to supplement the transcript of her interview. Saragi, Teofanny. Interview/Gallery/Timeline Icons. Digital image. Dipity. 28 Dec. 2011. Web. 11 Jan. 2012. <http://www.dipity.com/arfiteofanny/personal/>. Group member Teofanny utilized her computer technology in order to take a screenshot of our actual gallery page and interactive timeline (created using Dipity) in order to create icons to access each respective page. She also captured a photo of one of the group's interview subjects to use as an icon-for-access. These icons served as linking images; clicking on them redirects the viewer gallery and to the full

timeline experience as per the sections in our website.

Skladanowski, S. "Workers at the Year Listening to Broadcast" Digital image. Solidarity Phenomenon. 2005. Web. 2011. <http://www.solidarnosc.gov.pl/index.php?document=48>. The last image to conclude our Homepage gallery is a picture of various men sitting in the back of vehicles or on the ground, depicting the conditions involved in those times filled with turmoil. "Smelter Workers" Digital image. Solidarity Phenomenon. 2005. Web. 30 Dec. 2011. <http://www.solidarnosc.gov.pl/index.php?document=48>. The first image of the Homepage gallery, as previously mentioned, was made with two other pictures. This image was included in that collage-type opening image; it displays workers carrying the Polish flag in a powerful procession. Solidarnosc banners. Digital image. Web. 29 Feb. 2012. <http://icarusfilms.com/new2010/gifs/kor.jpg>.

Yet another image utilized in our Daily Liberty timeline; this majestic, obvious display of the Solidarnosc banners provides just the type of spirit and determined mood our Daily Liberty gallery needs. Furthermore, the fact that it is in black and white adds to that historic/rustic effect, or feel. Some_one_number_one. Classify Edward Gierek. Digital image. Germanic Online Community. Skadi Forum, 01 Feb. 2007. Web. 23 Dec. 2011. <http://forums.skadi.net/showthread.php?t=89563>. Moving forward with our brief descriptions of the significant party leaders of the PZPR, Edward Gierek is next in line and next on our webpage. We decided to include two images of him to supplement our description; this source is one of the two images. The image displays Gierek very professionally, suitable for the party leader that he was. "Strike Information Bulletin 'Solidarity' " Digital image. Solidarity Phenomenon. 2005. Web. 30 Dec. 2011. <http://www.solidarnosc.gov.pl/index.php? document=48>. We included another Solidarnosc flyer in the eighth picture of our Homepage gallery. It is titled Komunikat. Trybek, Z. "Lech Walesa Appeals to Strikers" Digital image. Solidarity Phenomenon. 2005. Web. 30 Dec. 2011. http://www.solidarnosc.gov.pl/index.php? document=48. The fourth image in the Homepage gallery depicts Lech Walesa with an object to increase the tone of his voice while speaking to a very large group of high-spirited strikers.

Wladyslaw Gomulka presenting his thoughts. Digital image. Uwazam Rze. Uwazam Rze. Web. 23 Dec. 2011. <http://uwazamrze.pl/wpcontent/uploads/2011/07/fot-60_gomulka-Forum-Zbyszko-Siemaszko.jpg>. In conjunction with another image of Wladyslaw Gomulka on the Revolution: Uprising of Solidarity page of our site, this image depicts Gomulka in a serious stance, presenting his thoughts and proposing new ideas. As a Communist activist and secretary general of the PZPR, Gomulka initially enjoyed the peoples' support in moving away from Stalinism. However, he executed orders against the workers, setting weapons against them. Workers on strike. Digital image. Web. 29 Feb. 2012. <http://homepage.mac.com/zbigniew/stocznia_1980/images/large/zmm19800818 gda_4.jpg>. The display of the workers on strike provides a visual effect on the demonstration of Solidarity's intentions. This image was used in our day-to-day account timeline; such a use makes sense due to the fact that our Daily Liberty timeline described events of August 1980, where much of the Movement's action was concentrated. Such a powerful, publicly-involved picture complements our timeline greatly.

Videos
Beorse, Jeff, Geoff Davis, and Taylor Knuth. "Lech Walesa "The Man Who Broke the Iron Curtain" - YouTube." YouTube - Broadcast Yourself. Youtube, 30 July 2011. Web. 11 Dec. 2011. <http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=WbRWOsvA_EY>. Created by three members of a video project group, this source is a ten-minute

documentary on Lech Walesas history with the Solidarity Movement. It is titled Lech Walesa The Man Who Broke the Curtain. This video is arranged in chronological ordera useful aspect to utilize in our timeline. This documentary included endless pictures and a few significant quotes. The team also made the effort to play act for a scene of arrest in the video. The information the narrator recites are very detailed and as informational as the books we have collected. Lastly, they included their sources of information. Blackwood, Izabela, Ewa Ziomecka, Richard Hornik, Andrej Tymowski, and Timothy Moran. "Provost Lecture: Human Solidarity, Polish Solidarnosc." Lecture. "Human Solidarity, Polish Solidarnosc" 7 Mar. 2011. Youtube.com. Sbcomm, Mar.-Apr. 2011. Web. 22 Dec. 2011. http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=_r7qlu9GkUM. Using the major search engine, Google, this video was fortunately discovered. The video totals up to one hour, four minutes and thirty-five seconds of a lecture on the Solidarnosc Movement. The lecture was given to the students of Stony Brook by their staff members. The lecture is complemented with a total of five speakers. The lecture is conducted in a conference stage. Professor Blackwood opened the presentation to introduce Mrs. Ewa who gave the beginning story of Solidarnosc. Mrs. Ewa was a witness who was involved with the movement itself and told her own personal story with real time information of the whole situation. She talked for half an hour and passed on the responsibility to Mr. Hornik. Mr. Hornik was a professor who gave information on a social, political, and diplomatic aspects of the rebellion. Andrej Tymowski speaks after

Mr. Hornik and talks about the aspect of the exhibition in an artistic point of view. Mr. Morin was the last one to speak; he spoke about the nonviolence aspect of the movement and compares it to the civil movement in the United States. He told a story of four black men who sat in a white restaurant and the system of oppression. Dizzo95. "The Solidarity Movement in Poland 1970-80s Video 5min.com." 5min - Find the Best How To, Instructional and DIY Videos Life Videopedia. Youtube, 17 May 2009. Web. 22 Dec. 2011. http://www.5min.com/Video/Learnabout-the-Solidarity-Movement- in-Poland-1970-80s-117508581. Another YouTube video encountered by the use of Google. The video lasts for two minutes and five seconds. It is a sort of documentary that provided clips wit a voice over of a narrator that told us of the summary of the movement. It is a summary that told us of the major point in Solidarnosc. It tells us of major actions that sped the movement and at the end, informs us of its influence in the fall of the Iron Curtain. Political, diplomatic, economic, and social aspect were also informed. Epppress. "Lech Walesa At The EPP Congress - Warsaw 2009." YouTube. YouTube, 14 May 2009. Web. 29 Feb. 2012. <http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=iAWPPvy4LZk>. A video is always a great and entertaining tool in the website category of National History Day especially in correlation to is theme. We edited this video and included the various scenes in our Revolution page. The video was created out of the 2009 address to Solidarnosc and the revolution. "Lech Walesa, Former Polish President and Co-founder of Solidarnosc." Interview by Mellissa Bell. France24. F24, 11 June 2009. Web. 1 Dec. 2011.

<http://www.france24.com/en/20091105-france-24-interview-lech-walesa-formerpolish-president-nd-co-founder-of-solidarnosc>. The Google search engine results that appear in response to the phrase Solidarnosc Survivors include this interview. The interview of Lech Walesa was taken by F24, a France-based news network. The reporter spoke French, Walesa spoke in Polish and both had English translators dubbing the interview to make it understandable for us. The piece was intended to look back on the fall of the Berlin Wall, but it is still important to the Solidarnosc as Mr. Walesa states opinions of the event. Because Walesa was an activist, this perspective of the fall of the Berlin Wall was significant to the news station. STROMBRINGERhaka. "Jacek Kaczmarski - Mury - YouTube." YouTube Broadcast Yourself. 23 Jan. 2009. Web. 29 Dec. 2011. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rZFfqSxv51I. Username STORMBRINGERhakas YouTube video was significant for its musical contentwe used it in the Homepage of our website. It is titled Walls (English translation), or Mury (original Polish title). This song was created by a Solidarity member, Jacek Kaczmarski. The English translation can be found at the bottom of our Homepage, underneath the music player that plays the real time Polish version of Mury. It is presented to the YouTube audience by Stormbringer Studio. This song is a supplemental, inspirational piece to our website. USEmbassyWarsaw. "Let Poland Be Poland - Introduction (1/8)." YouTube. YouTube, 13 Dec. 2011. Web. 01 Mar. 2012. <http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=T5avzxLrBUY>.

Yet another parts of the program titled "Let Poland Be Poland" it is the introduction to the whole program. The program was made by the United States to promote the events of the Solidarity Movements in Poland. From this video we recorded and posted a photo of the maps that showed the various nations that support the Solidarity Movement along with the United States. USEmbassyWarsaw. "Let Poland Be Poland - Exiled Poles (5/8)." YouTube. YouTube, 16 Dec. 2011. Web. 29 Feb. 2012. <http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=ImRycj9CCis>. In our reaction page of the National History Day project includes various parts of this program, the previously made documentary called "Let Poland Be Poland" We also recorded the video in order to gain the information. The specific video is about the exiled Poles and we have decided not to include this specific information but found the program to be quite useful to our website. USEmbassyWarsaw. "Let Poland Be Poland - Political Leaders (6/8)." YouTube. YouTube, 14 Dec. 2011. Web. 01 Mar. 2012. <http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=by1xk1i2hHo>. The U.S. made documentary is a very useful tool in expressing the significance of the Solidarity Movements to our website viewers. The specific parts contained clips of the vital leaders of the world at the time. The short clip we inserted included clips or Ronald Reagan, Margaret Thatcher and more important figures. We edited the clips for the efficiency in our story-telling. Whitelce89. "Polish Solidarno Movement - YouTube." YouTube - Broadcast Yourself. Youtube, 8 Mar. 2011. Web. 11 Dec. 2011.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xFiw1ZkGONQ. The YouTube video was made by a fellow user who created a documentary of the Solidarnosc to go back to his roots as a Polish. In his opinion the Solidarnosc was an event almost like the events in Libya and Egypt, this idea was similar to our own perspective. The video consisted of one solid interview with his grandfather and speeches by fellow witnesses such as Ewa Junczyk-Ziomeecka. The video consisted of a few maps to help understanding. The interview of his grandfather will likely be used as a part of our website. The video consisted of minimal details of the Solidarity Movement but gave us a better understanding with the personal interview he conducted.

Websites
Angell, David. "A Social Force, Able to Control Those in Power..." Art Of Politics. Tumblr, 1 Nov. 2011. Web. 01 Dec. 2011. http://artofpolitics.tumblr.com/post/11178910444/a-social-force-able-to-controlthose-in-power. David Angell is a blogger who posted a picture of a Solidarnosc exhibition in Gdansk. Information about his is available at the left had tab on top of the page titled About The Author; he is a digital marketing and politic major who has worked for Google. His Tumblr post was released a month before December 1 of 2011 and informs his audience that on that day in 1982 the government banned the Solidarity Movement in Poland. On the picture of the quote that is painted on the walls states that it was written in Culture Magazine of Paris in 1980. The quote is inserted in a red stripe upon white walls. Under the image there are comments,

activity list of reblogging, and people who liked the picture. My partner and I intend to use this in our selection of pictures. He also includes a source in which he attains the picture. When one clicks on the Source button it takes the audience to another homemade blog called curious cat on the run made by a traveler who stopped by Gdansk in her Eastern European travels. The citation of this blog is also I included on this bibliography. Blogs in our bibliography are a significant source of images and represents the modern technique of communication. BBC News | Communism | Poland. BBC News - Home. BBC News. Web. 29 Sept. 2011. http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/special_report/1999/09/99/iron_curtain/timel ines/poland_80.stm. BBC World News website provides helpful information concerning the Solidarity Movement in Poland. At this link, a timeline involving the years 1980 through 1989 is provided. This timeline includes subsections of 1980 - The Birth of Solidarity, 1981 - Martial Law, 1982-83 - The Underground Movement, 1984-88 Negotiations and the Big Debate, 1989 - Free Elections. Links to a profile of Lech Walesa, one of the Movements leaders, and audio clips of other leaders voicing their thoughts are also available. BBC NEWS | In Pictures: Solidarity in Poland. BBC News - Home. BBC World News, 2011. Web. 01 Nov. 2011. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/picture_gallery/05/europe_solidarity_in_polan d0/html/1.stm.

Similar to previous citations, this source is also taken from BBC World News website. This link leads the viewer to a slideshow entitled In pictures: Solidarity in Poland. This slideshow includes nine photos that illustrate the Movement and tell the Solidarnosc story through its moving images. The phrase a picture is a thousand words is truly displayed in this slideshow. The captions provided for each photo describe both the action occurring in the given photo and build a storyline to the happenings of the Solidarity Movement. The photos include figures as prominent as Lech Walesa and Pope John Paul II to the actual body of the Movement, Polish workers. "Home Page/PSC in Pictures." Polish Solidarity Campaign. Polish Solidarity Campaign. Web. 29 Feb. 2012. <http://www.polishsolidarity.org.uk/>. Polish Solidarity Campaign's website was actually very useful to us in our research and hunt for useful pictures. Although we discovered this site a little later, we found that the chronology of the Movement in pictures was of great use in our Daily Account timeline, and that the information on the Home Page provided us with quote material to use on our Strike! page. "Lech Walesa Quotes." BrainyQuote. Xplore. Web. 01 Mar. 2012. <http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/l/lech_walesa.html>. The BrainyQuote website was solely used for the accumulation of Lech Walesa quotes, which were utilized throughout the website, usually towards the top or bottom of each page. These quotes were to provide insight into and an inspirational outlook on the first-person perspective of Lech Walesa. The quotes utilized were ultimately an effective accumulation of Walesa speaking for himself

and Poland, expressing Poland's previous distress, world reaction, Poland's current state, and his opinion on the way everything went/is now. "Mapping the Fall of Communism." BBC News. BBC, 30 Mar. 2009. Web. 29 Feb. 2012. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7972232.stm>. A Map of the Fall of Communism is located in our Reaction page because it is a yet another significant reaction to the Solidarity Movement. We created four short videos mapping out the Anti-Domino effect with a group member's voice narrating the information located below the BBC map. In the site the BBC was gracious and created a sort of technological gallery. Marypages. "John-Paul II." Apparitions and Pictures of Virgin Mary. Mary Pages Design. Web. 29 Dec. 2011. http://www.marypages.com/paus.htm. The website was encountered through Google as we try to search of information of Pope John Paul II. The information was needed for our timeline. The site is complete with facts of his background, his service with the church, and especially his devotion to God. This site is Christian based site that urges the praying for the Popes death in 2005. We added information about him to our timeline when he is visited by a leader of Solidarnosc. NSZZ. "NSZZ Solidarno Main Page." NSZZ Solidarno Strona Gwna. NSZZ Solidarnosc. Web. 21 Dec. 2011. http://www.solidarnosc.org.pl/en/mainpage.html. The current site of the NSZZ, this source represents the present labor party of Poland. It includes titles such as Structure of the NSZZ , Officials, and Documents. The Polish site helps us understand the evolution of the party after the actual

revolution. The structure of the NSZZ includes information one the people running the party, the regions it is currently contributing to, and the branch of secretariats. The page Officials are located has information of the six main office members of the NSZZ. Also available are the documents they have created and been involved in; they are all in the English version. The website was vital as it included a list of contacts in the About Us section in case a citizen needs to contact the people of the party. We will attempt to find a person to interview using this as a resource. P. Jamie. "Poznan 1956 Uprising | Poznan June | Poland." Poznan Life | Poznan Travel Guide |Restaurants Pubs and Hotels Poznan Apartments | Poland. PoznanLife, 29 Mar. 2010. Web. 29 Dec. 2011. http://www.poznanlife.com/poznan/poznan-1956. A tourism site similar to another one of our sources, a site named Gdansk-Life, Poznan-Life informs the reader on Poznan situations and events. This information was put to use on our timeline; we included the Poznan Strike to our series of events. This particular webpage is a short article titled The Poznan June, composed of four paragraphs and one picture. This tourism article was obviously useful to our research and in providing us with information. Rymaszewski, Franek. "Maps and Polish History Relevant to Rymaszewski Genealogy." Rymaszewski Family in Australia and World-wide. Franek Rymaszewski, 1 Oct. 2000. Web. 01 Dec. 2011. http://www.rymaszewski.iinet.net.au/3maps.html. After searching for images of the solidarity of movement in Google, an illustration

of Lech Walesa on the cover of Time brought me to this site. The title of the issue was titled Time: Shaking Up Communism. The homemade website has plenty of information of the history of Poland dating as far the 9th Century. The information about the Solidarity movement is located around the 22nd section of the page titled Relevant Maps and Polish History. Because the information on this section is dated, the site is instrumental to our timeline. The pathway to his introduction can be viewed using the tabs at the the bottom of the page. From this introduction we are able to understand the reason of the establishment of this site. In 2000 Mr. Rymaszewski created this site in order to keep the generations of Rymaszewski informed of their origins. But it is view by other people as we can see from emails he had received in a separate section. From the homepage we are able to see that in 11 years the site has received 13, 244 visitors as of December 1, 2011. "Solidarity." Web log post. Curiouscatontherunfromreallife. Wordpress, 19 Aug. 2011. Web. 1 Dec. 2011. <http://curiouscatontherun.wordpress.com/2011/08/19/solidarity/>. While searching for appropriate Solidarnosc pictures on Google, we encountered this online blog hosted by Tumblr. We were redirected to a picture of an exhibition. Mr. Angells post of the picture linked us to the blog of an Australian young lady currently traveling all over Eastern Europe. In August, she found the Roads to Freedom exhibition in Gdansk near the Monument to the Gdansk Shipyard Workers. She included three pictures of the exhibition and four pictures of the monument. One of the pictures displayed, in Polish, the 21 demands that shipyard

workers made (painted onto a wooden-type board). Demand number five was translated to English by the traveler. This page included an explanation of the Solidarity Movement and is very helpful to our own knowledge. The demands will certainly be used on our website. Solidarnosc.dk | Solidarnosc | Demokrati | Solidaritet | Gdansk | Lech Walesa. Polish Tourist Organization. Web. 21 Dec. 2011. http://www.solidarnosc.dk/. Also another site specifically made to show the Solidarity Movement in Poland as a tourist campaign created by the government. It is to encourage the people of Denmark as the whole site is originally conducted in Danish, but later easily electronically translated to English. It is a complete site of the Solidarnosc as it included tabs to receive information on historical sites, the solidarnosc, history , the strike, people involved, links, books, movies and TV, and calendar. A gallery of videos and photos are a major part of the educational site. Continual news of Solidarnosc and involving people are also posted on another section of the site. The site is modern in their design so it will naturally influence us when we decide the layout of our own website. The actual facts of the movement are tracked in The Strike, and Persons section are responsible for the few, main leaders. Movies TV are responsible for videos and Books are the a few books that was published on the movement. This site is perfectly complete of everything compared to other sites. "Solidarnosc Photo Gallery." POLISH GREATNESS. Polishgreatness.org. Web. 11 Dec. 2011. <http://www.polishgreatness.com/solidarnoscphotogallery.html>.

The gallery was found with a Google Image search of the solidarity movement. The gallery consisted of seventeen pictures concerning the Solidarnosc Movement but is only a part of thirty-five other history topics in the history of Poland. Ten of the pictures are real life photos taken in black and white. Others are posters, example of ration cards, or colored photographs of the series of nonviolent strikes during the movement. The pictures provided us with real perspective upon the subject as the photos provided reality in the past. With this gallery any curiosities or questions are placed in our future interviews. "The Solidarity Phenomenon." Solidarnosc.org. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2005. Web. 21 Dec. 2011. http://www.solidarnosc.gov.pl/index.php. The site was published as a promotional website by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Poland. It is a slideshow of the Solidarnosc and each bullet point consisted of significant, but summarized facts. Forty bullet points are provided in the slideshow. On the series of pictures a quote is chosen for each specified topic. The site gathered endless numbers of pictures in order to create this promotional project. It will definitely aid us in creating a timeline. On the very bottom of the site is contact information of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs that we will use to gain an interview.