LAND AND ITS RESOURCES Mineral (bijih) Are mineral substances that make up the rocks of Earth crust

Define : is any solid element or compound that is found naturally in the Earths crust Property 1. Hardness of mineral refers to its resistance to scratches using Mohs scale 2. Solubility in water 3. Effect of heat Mineral Natural element Is a mineral that are non-reactive and do not with other elements e.g : gold,silver,platinum and copper Natural compound is made up of metallic element combine and non metallic element Oxide, Carbonate, Sulphide, Silicate

Mineral oxide

Natural compound

Elements

carbonate

sulphide

silicate

Properties of mineral 1. Hardness All mineral are hard 2. Solubility in water (Potassium and Sodium soluble in water) Metal oxide,metal carbonate,metal sulphide are not soluble in water except Potasium and Sodium 3. Effects on heat Metal oxides Most of metal oxides cannot decomposed by heat except Mercury oxide Mercury + oxygen Argentum oxide Argentum + oxygen Metal carbonates Can be decomposed Calcium carbonate Calcium oxide + carbon dioxide by heat except Potassium carbonate and Sodium carbonate Metal suphides Can be decomposed by heat Magnesium sulphide + oxygen Magnesium oxide + sulphur dioxide except Potassium sulphide Sodium sulphide Test for Metal Oxides Test : Glowing wooden splinter (oxygen) Observation : Glowing wooden splinter ignites / rekindless Test for Metal Carbonates Test : Lime water (carbon dioxide) Observation : Lime water turns cloudy/chalky/milky Test for Metal sulphide Test : Acidified potassium manganate (vii) solution (purple) Acidified potassium manganate (vi) solution (orange)

Observation : The solution turns from purple to colourless The solution turns from orange to green Reactivity of Metal Calium Natrium Calcium Magnesium Aluminium Carbon (semi metal) Zinc Iron Tin (stanum) Lead Copper Mercury Argentum(silver) Gold Platinum

reactive metal

non reactive metal