Chapter02: Population 1.

Replacement rate, the number of births needed to keep a population at a stable level without immigration, requires a total fertility of a) 10. b) 2.1. c) 3.5. d) 5. 2. The number of European countries at or above replacement level is: a) 20. b) 10. c) 5. d) 0. 3. Countries with aging populations attempt to stimulate economic growth to lessen the effect of rising medical and retirement costs by a) cutting social security. c) promoting immigration. b) encouraging increased birth rate. d) promoting emigration of the elderly. 4. Not all countries with aging populations resort to immigration to offset economic problems. An example is: a) Germany. b) Japan. c) the United States. d) Norway. 5. The arithmetic density of population for a country is determined by dividing the total a) population by the number of farmers. c) area of the country by the population. b) area of square miles by 5. d) population by the total area. 6. The problem with using arithmetic population density to investigate the population pattern of a country is that such a density figure does not take into consideration a) annual population increases. c) annexation of new territory. b) internal clustering of people within the country. d) possible loss of territory. 7. It has been estimated that 98 percent of Egypts population occupies only ___ percent of the countrys total area. a) 10 b) 15 c) 3 d) 25 8. The number of people per unit area of agriculturally productive land is the a) average density. b) total density. c) physiologic density. d) agricultural density. 9. Switzerlands physiologic density is ____ as/than its arithmetic density. a) the same b) less c) 10 times greater d) 1.7 times greater 10. The worlds three largest population concentrations are all found on the same landmass, which is: a) North America. b) South America. c) Asia. d) Eurasia. 11. Associated with the East Asian population cluster are ribbon-like extensions of dense population penetrating the interior. These extensions represent a) volcanic areas of good soil. c) basins and lowlands of Chinas major rivers. b) narrow regions of favorable climate. d) areas where the Chinese Government has forced people to settle. 12. About ___ percent of the worlds population is concentrated in China. a) 5 b) 10 c) 25 d) 50 13. In India the greatest concentration of population is found on the a) plain of the Ganges River. c) west coast. b) central Deccan Plateau. d) foothills of the Himalayan Mountains. 14. Over large parts of Bangladesh the rural population density is between _____ people per square mile. a) 1000 and 2000 b) 2000 and 3000 c) 3000 and 5000 d) 5000 and 8000 15. Terrain and environment appear to have a different association with the population cluster of Europe that extends from the British Isles into Russia than in Asia. This means that in Europe, terrain and environment play a) a greater role than in Asia. c) a lesser role than in Asia. b) a role that varies form country to country. d) a greater role now than in the past. 16. The European population axis is directly related to the a) orientation of Europes coalfields. c) early location of Roman settlement. b) orientation to Europes rivers. d) effect of two world wars.

17. In comparison to Asia, the percentage of the population living in urban places in Germany and the United Kingdom is a) less than in Asia. b) about the same as in Asia. c) greater than Asia. d) declining. 18. After the three Eurasian population clusters, the next-ranking cluster comprises the east-central United States and southeastern Canada. This cluster is not nearly as large as the smallest of the Eurasian clusters. It is, in fact only ___ the size. a) one-third b) one-half c) one-quarter d) one-eighth 19. The major focus of North Americas population is a) Chicago. b) California. c) the Megalopolis region. d) the South.

20. In 1789, a British economist named Thomas Malthus published an essay in which he claimed that while population increased at what he called a geometric rate, the means of subsistence grew only at a) an arithmetic (linear) rate. c) a declining rate. b) a rate depending on the particular culture involved. d) an unpredictable rate. 21. Food production, contrary to the predictions of Malthus, has grown exponentially because of a number of factors. Which one of the following is not one of these factors? a) expanded agricultural acreage c) fertilizer application b) improved strains of seeds d) an increase in the number of farmers in Britain 22. Births and _______ add to the population growth of a particular country. a) rise in the death rate b) emigration c) immigration d) increased agricultural output 23. Today, world population doubling time is a) 300 years b) increasing (i.e. taking longer to double) c) decreasing d) ten years

24. At the present rate of births and deaths in the world, we are adding about _____ million inhabitants every year. a) 50 b) 10 c) 80 d) 250 25. In 2002, the world population grew at a rate of just over ___ percent. a) 5.0 b) 0.5 c) 1.4 d) 2.7 26. The growth rate of population of the Southern Cone region of South America (i.e., Chile, Uruguay, Argentina) is ______ the world average of 1.4 percent. a) less than b) the same as c) greater than 27. Most of the countries with low population growth rates are also among the wealthiest. An exception to this would be a) France. b) Spain. c) Italy. d) Russia. 28. In the 1970s, the government of India used this method to reduce the population growth rates in certain areas of the country. a) tax incentives b) forced sterilization of males c) free housing for small families d) cash awards 29. The statistics that report the number of deaths per thousand people in a given year is called: a) the adjusted mortality rate. c) the adjusted population level. b) the crude death or mortality rate. d) the actual growth rate. 30. Demographically, Great Britain experienced a ___________________ in the period from the late 1800s through WWII. a) population decline b) rising death rate c) population explosion d) rapid birth rate decline 31. Low population growth resulting from high CBR and very high CDR is characteristic of stage ____ of the demographic transition. a) I b) II c) III d) IV

32. Before 1750 death rates in Europe probably averaged 35 per 1000, but by 1850 the death rate was about 16 per 1000. This meant that in 1750 the doubling time was on the order of 150 years but by 1850 it was only ______ years. a) 50 b) 75 c) 35 d) 20 33. The population of a country, city or other region is a function of three variables. Which is not one of the variables? a) births b) deaths c) migration d) ethnic background 34. In Europe the marked decline of the birth rate was the result of a) rapid emigration. b) stabilization of food supplies. c) World Wars I and II. d) the effects of Industrialization, urbanization, and general modernization. 35. A population pyramid with a wide base and narrow top is indicative of a) developed countries. c) developing countries. b) countries in Stage IV of the demographic transition. d) low infant mortality. 36. A developed country that has reached a stage where the population is most stable will develop a population pyramid that is __________. a) bell shaped b) pear shaped c) rectangular shaped d) cone shaped 37. Highest rates of infant mortality are found in this region. a) South America b) Central Africa c) East Asia

d) Eastern Europe

38. The lowest infant mortality rate among countries with large populations is in a) the United States. b) Japan. c) Germany. d) Brazil. 39. Sub-Saharan Africas high mortality rate is strongly influenced by a) war. b) famine. c) AIDS. d) traffic accidents. 40. Population policies which favor the promotion of birth control among certain groups in the population (ethnic, religious, or socio-economic groups) are referred to as a) population planning. b) eugenics. c) socialism. d) public health. Chapter03: Migration 1. Cuban illegal immigrants who actually make it to the United States shores will be a) arrested and deported. c) sent to Puerto Rico. b) allowed to stay. d) put back on their boats and sent back to sea. 2. Today, an estimated ___________ illegal immigrants live in the United States. a) 100,000 b) 1,000,000 c) 10,000,000 d. 75,000,000 3. What percentage of Haitis GNP comes from remittances sent by Haitians living in the United States? a) 1 b) 3.6 c) 10 d) 15 4. The vast majority of legal agricultural workers in Canada are a) Canadian. b) unemployed Americans. c) Mexicans. d) European student guest workers.

5. The type of movement that involves journeys that begin at and brings us back to our home base is called a) periodic. b) immigration. c) migratory. d) cyclic. 6. Commuters in Washington, DC may travel up to _____ miles each way to work daily. a) 5 b) 10 c) 25 d) 100 7. Most nomadic movement takes place according to travel patterns that are a) repeated time and time again. c) limited to desert regions . b) very irregular. d) periodic in nature. 8. Which of the identified types of movement creates your activity space? a) periodic b) migratory c) cyclic d) emigration 9. All of the following are examples of periodic movements except a) going to college. b) transhumance. c) commuting to work.

d) migrant workers.

10. A periodic form of movement that involves a system of pastoral farming whereby livestock and their keepers adjust their location to the seasonal availability of pastures is called: a) nomadic herding. b) transhumance. c) livestock farming. d) ranching. 11. A common form of periodic movement involving as many as 10 million Americans is a) summer camp. b) vacations. c) military service. d) sabbatical leaves. 12. The long-term relocation of an individual, household, or group to a new location outside the community of origin is called a) resettlement. b) emigration. c) migration. d) transmovement. 13. During the first decades of the twentieth century, African American families in the United States migrated primarily to a) the north. b) the west. c) the northwest. d) other southern states farther west. 14. In the United States during the late twentieth century, internal migration streams were moving people from a) west to east and south to north. c) east to west and south to north. b) west to east and north to south. d) east to west and north to south. 15. On average, an American citizen moves approximately every ___ years. a) 3 b) 6 c) 9 d) 12 16. Internal migration in Peru is fairly simple with the majority of migrants moving to a) Iquitos on the Amazon. b) Ecuador. c) Lima. d) new farmland in rural areas. 17. Irish migration to North America in the mid-1800s is an example of a) forced migration. c) voluntary migration. b) migration which reflects both forced and voluntary aspects of migration. d) cyclical migration. 18. Gender studies of migration indicate that men ______________ than women. a) are more mobile b) migrate farther c) have more employment choices and income 19. The smallest number of slaves involved in the Atlantic slave trade was sent to a) British Caribbean. b) Brazil. c) French Caribbean. d) British North America.

d) all of the above

20. Between 1788 and 1838, tens of thousands of convicts were shipped from Britain to which of the following continents? a) Africa b) North America c) Australia d) Asia 21. One of the laws of migration as derived by Ravenstein states that a) urban residents are more migratory than rural. c) urban residents are less migratory than rural. b) rural residents are more migratory than urban. d) rural inhabitants hardly ever migrate. 22. Ravenstein, in his study of migration, suggested that there is an inverse relationship between the volume of migration and the distance between the source and destination. That is, the number of migrants _____ as the distance they know they must travel increases. a) increases b) decreases c) remains the same d) decreases and then rises 23. What is the model which states that spatial interaction between places (e.g. migration) is directly related to the population size and inversely related to the distance between them? a) gravity model b) model of emigration c) distance decay model d) intervening opportunity model 24. According to Ravenstein, migrants who move longer distances tend to choose a) warmer destinations. b) open frontier areas. c) big-city destinations. d) to migrate as a family unit. 25. What push factor compelled more than 50,000 Asians to leave Uganda in 1972? a) It was too hot and crowded. c) Ugandas economy collapsed. b) Food was in short supply. d) Ugandan leader Idi Amin expelled them. 26. Of the 10,000 inhabitants of the Caribbean island Montserrat, 7,000 have left the island and the remaining 3,000 have moved to the north coast of the island because of a) hurricanes. b) the collapse of the banana economy. c) volcanic eruptions. d) civil war. 27. European migration to colonies reached its peak during the period a) 1700-1800. b) 1800-1835. c) 1835-1935. d) post World War II. 28. British colonial authorities stimulated migration of people from this region to colonies such as Singapore, Fiji, and Trinidad. a) Africa b) South Asia c) Europe d) South America 29. European colonialism stimulated the movement of ___________ to the cities (islands of development) of Southeast Asia where they have become a significant minority population. a) Africans b) Indians c) Europeans d) Chinese 30. In terms of total number of refugees, _____ is the geographic realm most severely affected by refugee problems. a) Russia b) Central America c) South America d) tropical Africa 31. The intervention of what country in the civil war in Afghanistan caused great numbers of refugees to leave the country? a) India b) the Soviet Union c) the United States d) Pakistan 32. One recent refugee crisis in Southwest Asia took place in 1991, when, in the aftermath of the Gulf War, the __________ population of northern Iraq was forced to leave their villages and flee across the Turkish and Iranian borders. a) Christian b) Kurdish c) Indian d) Jewish

33. The Afghan Taliban (Islamic fundamentalists) movement, spawned in Pakistan, created a counter migration of 2.5 million Afghanis to ________ when they came to power. a) Pakistan b) Russia c) India d) Iran 34. Today, the largest refugee numbers in Southeast Asia are reported from a) Cambodia. b) Myanmar (Burma). c) Vietnam. d) Laos. 35. In 1995, the collapse of which of the following European countries produced the largest refugee crisis in Europe since the end of World War II? a) Turkey b) Yugoslavia c) Greece d) Romania 36. In 1997, the only country in the western hemisphere that had a serious refugee problem was a) Brazil. b) Colombia. c) Jamaica. d) Haiti. 37. Which is not an example of a fortified barrier to migration? a) the United States - Canadian border c) the Berlin Wall b) the Great Wall of China d) fences along the Rio Grande River 38. In the period from 1882-1907, the United States Congress passed exclusionary immigration laws designed to keep __________ out of the immigrant stream. a) Irish b) Mexicans c) Chinese d) Russians 39. The practice of excluding people with criminal records, health problems, or subversive political beliefs from immigrating is referred to as a) selective immigration. b) prejudice. c) asylum refusal. d) chain migration. 40. Since September 2001, there has been a greater concern about immigration control to a) illegal immigrations impact on unemployment rates. c) interrupt drug trafficking. b) the spread of infectious diseases. d) prevent terrorism.