REW February 2012

JANUARYFEBRUARY 2012 VOLUME 15NUMBER 1
WHERE NEXT FOR ITALY?

New opportunities and challenges in a
changing renewables market
HIGH-TECH TRANSPORT
Moving wind turbines offshore safely,
swiftly and cheaply
Survive the slowdown
SOLAR
STRATEGY
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THE WORLDS NEWSSTAND
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RENEWABLE ENERGY WORLD JANUARYFEBRUARY 2012 1
REGULARS
From the Editor............................................................. 4
News/analysis............................................................... 8
A roundup of news from around the world
Company Results ..................................................... 54
Diary ................................................................................ 59
Advertisers Index..................................................... 60
THE LAST WORD
Moving solar forward ................................. 57
While the solar PV industry has made tremendous strides in the
Canadian market in the past year, there is still signifcant work to
be done and each province faces different challenges. Ontarios
renewables programme proved that feed-in tariffs are a very
effective means of creating market demand. Now the rest of the
country needs to follow suit, and a national solar energy policy
must be developed.
By Jared Donald
THE BIG QUESTION
Whats ahead for renewables in 2012? ...... 16
For our frst Big Question feature of 2012, we asked readers to
give us their hopes and fears, opinions and predictions for the year
ahead, and to share their thoughts on what the industry might look
like 12 months from now given the outcomes of the Durban
negotiations, the on-going shakeouts in major renewable energy
sectors and the challenging global economic climate.
FEATURES
PV market forecast: value chain blues ...... 22
At the turn of the year, photovoltaics manufacturers are faced with
diffcult choices: continue selling at prices that dont allow for
positive margins, or shutter production and wait for the current
situation to settle down. With tension between the demand and
supply sides of the PV market (signifcant inventory on the supply
side, and expectations on the demand side for continued low
pricing), the correction is likely to be long and painful.
By Paula Mints
A big future for small wind ......................... 28
The small (less than 100 kW) wind turbine market has more than
doubled over the past fve years, spurred by increasing
incentives and by growing end user awareness. According to
GlobalDatas small wind turbine market report the sector has a
huge potential for further growth, if the right incentives are
put in place.
By Raghunandan Kothamasu
CONTENTS
82 16
JANUARYFEBRUARY 2012 VOLUME 15 NUMBER 1
JANUARYFEBRUARY 2012 VOLUME 15 NUMBER 1
WHERE NEXT FOR ITALY?
Newopportunities and challenges in a
changing renewables market
HIGH-TECH TRANSPORT
Moving wind turbines offshore safely,
swiftly and cheaply
Survive the slowdown
SOLAR
STRATEGY
44
49
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2 RENEWABLE ENERGY WORLD JANUARYFEBRUARY 2012
CONTENTS
22 34
38
What will happen to Italys FiTs?................. 34
European eyes are on the new Italian government to see what will
happen to the nations renewable energy incentives under a
technocratic regime. The renewables market saw remarkable
growth under the Berlusconi government, but are the current
incentive mechanisms sustainable? Our analysis of a new KPMG
report paints a complete picture of Italys renewable energy
landscape for potential investors.
By Rachana Raizada
Converting from coal to bioenergy ............ 38
British utility RWE npowers 1100 MW coal fred Tilbury power
plant near London is being converted to a 750 MW biomass plant
after closing in 2011. When fully operational, the 750 MW Tilbury
plant will be the worlds largest biomass plant. We profle the
project, examining the technical challenges of converting a
41-year-old coal plant into a cutting-edge renewable energy
power plant. Fuel supply chain issues will be critical in determining
whether more coal plants can convert to biomass.
By Tim Probert
Solar process heat for Europe................... 44
There is enormous potential for using solar thermal systems
in industry: about 30% of the total industrial heat demand is at
temperature levels below 100C, which can be provided with
commercially available solar thermal collectors. But the market in
Europe and globally is very much in its infancy; only a few hundred
installations exist. The SO-PRO project aims to tackle these
barriers and to trigger the startup of markets for solar process heat
in six European regions.
By Christiane Egger and Christine hlinger
High-tech offshore transport .................... 49
The pressure to lower the overall cost of wind power means
that where turbines are built and how they move between
factory, base port and feld are more critical than ever.
Manufacturers, developers and the rest of the offshore wind
supply chain are working fat out to use the latest logistics
technology in transporting turbines to Europes massive offshore
wind resource safely, swiftly and at the lowest possible cost. We
talk to the key players to fnd out what theyre doing.
By James Lawson
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________________
Group Publisher Ralph Boon
Chief Editor David Appleyard
Associate Editor Tildy Bayar
Consulting Editor Jackie Jones
Production Editor Piers Evans
Design/Production Shyam Gosai
Production Manager Kimberlee Smith
Production Controller Rebecca Crews
Sales Managers Peter Andersen, Natasha Cole,
Dan Harper, Kate Hart, Alasdair Evans, Sandra
Spencer
Digital Sales Manager Leo Wolfert
Published by PennWell International Publications
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1BN, UK
Tel: +44 1992 65 6600
Fax: +44 1992 65 6700
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Advertising: For information on advertising in
future issues of the magazine, please contact:
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+44 1992 656 664 (direct), or
Peter Andersen on
+1 603 924 4405 ext 204, or
Dan Harper on
+1 603 924 4405 ext 211
Alasdair Evans on
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or e-mail rew@pennwell.com
2012 PennWell International Publications Ltd
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may
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Opinions expressed in this publication are not
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Renewable Energy World, ISSN 1462-6381, is
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Publications Ltd, The Water Tower, Gunpowder
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sustainable forests.
A new KPMG report suggests that energy and power projects are set to offer the
best investment opportunities for the construction sector over the coming year, with
renewable energy inevitably playing a major part.
The companys Global Construction Survey fnds that the industry expects growth
this year, yet economic uncertainty and government defcit or debt in some regions
are still major concerns. Furthermore, a perceived lack of policies and leadership are
seen as the biggest barriers to public-private partnership investment in infrastructure.
Richard Threlfall, UK head of KPMGs infrastructure, building and construction
practice, explains: Amidst a global energy crunch signifcant investments are
needed in energy infrastructure to provide energy security at current levels and to
allow for a low-carbon transition of our energy systems.
Threlfall adds: With austerity policies in many countries constraining the scope for
public sector spending, it is vital to create an environment that encourages private
sector investment.
Indeed, the survey shows that economic uncertainty is still seen as the greatest
systemic threat, with an overwhelming 80% citing concerns about governments
ability to drive infrastructure spending and lack of offcial leadership as barriers to
investment. Moreover, two-thirds of engineering and construction leaders believe
that the private sector is not showing enough initiative, the company says.
This analysis of the construction market follows on the heels of the latest in the
ongoing quarterly series of renewable investment country attractiveness indices from
Ernst & Young.
According to this edition, China maintains its position at the top of the all-renewables
index with the US, Germany, India and Italy leading the pack and the UK, France,
Canada, Spain and Brazil fnishing up the top 10.
The report observes that competition for limited capital and drive for increased
effciencies have combined to defne the renewable energy sector over the past
12 months. As with KPMGs analysis, the report says that investor hesitation
has grown because of conficting government policy signals, ranging from
decreased FiTs to a drop-off in loan guarantees. But, at the same time, these same
governments are struggling to overcome the dilemma of how to deliver secure,
low-cost energy without impeding the market and while also creating jobs.
It seems that there are clear, if somewhat disturbing, conclusions to be drawn from
these reports. Evidently the appetite for new energy infrastructure has, if anything,
grown in the last year, and this trend is expected to continue and intensify as the
move to a low-carbon world accelerates.
Simultaneously, with public sector fnances largely in disarray, governments are
consistently falling far short of the mark if their intention to drive private sector
renewable energy investment is to be achieved.
David
Appleyard
Chief Editor
FROM THE EDITOR
Member, BPA Worldwide
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NEWS ANALYSIS
RENEWABLE MERGERS AND
ACQUISITIONS HIT STRIDE
POLICY & MARKETS
D
eal values for renewable
energy rose 40% year on
year, from US$38.2 billion
in 2010 to a record $53.5 billion
in 2011, reports Pricewaterhouse
Coopers (PwC) in its annual global
analysis of merger and acquisition
(M&A) transactions in the sector.
With renewable technologies
entering the big time and driving
the market to new record highs,
billion dollar deals dominated as
solar, wind and energy effciency
overtook hydropower as the driver
for big values for the frst time.
One in every three deals in 2011
was solar and overall deal value
for the sector is up 56% from
$10.2 billion to $15.8 billion.
There was also continued strong
momentum behind deal activity
in the energy effciency sector
and, buoyed by the increase in
big transactions, deal value in
these two sectors nearly doubled
year on year. Together, these two
sectors accounted for the vast
majority (79%) of the $15.3 billion
increase in the total value of all
renewables deals.
According to the PwC analysis,
European deal volumes dipped
6% but overall value rose 80%
from $16.7 billion to $30 billion,
while North American deal volumes
dipped a similar amount at 5%,
but with deal value also down 5%
from $13 billion to $412.4 billion.
However, South American deal
volumes rose 90%, with total value
up from $3.2 billion to $6.8 billion,
and the Asia Pacifc region saw its
deal volume down by 26% in 2011
over 2010, but value rose 15% from
$4 billion to $4.6 billion.
BEHIND THE INCREASE
PwC suggests that a reappraisal
of the role of nuclear in many
countries national energy
strategies after the Fukushima
emergency has provided an extra
impulse for renewable generation in
certain markets.
Furthermore, falling solar prices
are making solar power more
economical and closer to grid parity
in some markets. The entrance
of pension and insurance funds,
most notably via the $1.3 billion
investment by Danish pension
insurance groups in offshore wind
in Denmark, confrms the trend
towards a maturing market and
the creation of secondary markets.
But the report also warns that
the sector is facing considerable
growing pains.
SOLAR AND WIND
As well as expecting to see a
smaller number of global players
in the solar market, PwC also says
that consolidation among larger
players is likely to occur in the
windpower sector, adding that two
recent proft warnings from Vestas
are the most high-profle example
of the challenges facing some
windpower companies.
Ronan ORegan, director of
renewables and cleantech at
PwC, observed: As offshore wind
projects increase in size, the need
for a strong balance sheet to
support the technology becomes
more important. This creates scope
this year for a landmark wind power
combination between players from
one or more of Asia Pacifc, Europe
and North America.
Commenting on the overall
fndings, Paul Nillesen, partner,
PwC renewables, said: Dealmaking
in the renewables and energy
effciency sectors is intensifying as
the sector evolves. Sustained high
deal numbers and record total value
refect a maturing of the sector. The
trend is all the more noteworthy
given the uncertainty in the
market and in government policies
on renewables.
On the solar sector Nillesen
continues: US and European
manufacturers are coming under
cost pressures. Some Chinese
manufacturers also face heavy debt
and are under competitive strain.
There is signifcant overcapacity
in China. The result is likely to be
a succession of tie-ups within and
between the main manufacturing
territories of the US, Germany and
China leading to a smaller number
of big global players.
Continued rolling uncertainty
on the eurozone crisis will make
the deal environment much more
diffcult for 2012 and a deeper
crisis would undoubtedly dampen
deal fow further, but Nillesen is
optimistic that market uncertainty
might not block the big deals,
saying: Staying out of the markets
in the hope things will improve
cannot be assumed to be the right
strategy. The potential for further
destabilisation domestically, or at
an inter-governmental level, cannot
be ruled out, but if a deal is highly
strategic and mission-critical, then
parties will still feel it is worth doing
on the right terms.
A WIDER CONTEXT
Putting renewables into a wider
energy M&A context, PwC believes
that a major shift in global power
M&A activity is taking place,
ending a six year era of European
dominance in power deals.
According to the companys annual
Power Deals report, the eurozone
crisis is having a double-edged
effect on deals. On the one hand
it is constraining fnance, while on
the other it is expected to lead to
deal fow. It is also prompting a fow
of privatisations as governments
sell power assets as part of their
austerity measures, and leading
to further currency weakness,
strengthening overseas buyers.
Market uncertainty
might not block the
big deals
Asia Pacifc buyers and sellers
were behind the largest number of
deals in 2011 and any softening
of valuations in Europe will likely
reinforce their deal interest in the
European marketplace, as well as
the strength of the yen and renminbi
against the euro, PwC believes.
Indeed, in the last 12 months,
Europe has recorded its lowest
share of worldwide power deal
value since PwC started analysing
deal-making in the sector in 1999,
with the total deal value in Europe
plummeting 43% year on year
to stand at $39.8 billion (from
$70.3 billion the year before). But
this $30.5 billion fall in power deal
target value in Europe was more
than made up for by a $58.5 billion
increase in North America.
DIVESTMENT IN EUROPE
A strong theme which is expected
to intensify this year is European
divestment programmes, with the
major power utilities needing to
strengthen their balance sheets to
make the big investments required
in their core markets while retaining
the fexibility to seek out growth
markets. E.ON and RWE are
both planning major divestments
in 2012.
The capital expenditure and
growth challenges faced by
European utilities are all the greater
because of current constrained
debt markets and more limited
fnancing options. This reduction in
capital-raising options will continue
to spur divestments by the major
European power utilities, PwC says.
Andrew McCrosson, partner,
UK power and utilities, PwC, said:
European utilities face a tricky
balance. Were going to see some
interesting new partnerships in
the years ahead as companies
intensify their relationships with
alternative sources of funding. It
will mean a step-up in partnerships
with sovereign wealth funds,
pension funds and infrastructure
funds. The Chinese state-owned
power companies could play a
role as well as other active Asia
Pacifc investors.
Manfred Wiegand, global power
and utilities leader, PwC, says: Its
a different M&A world that is less
euro-centric. European companies
are looking to South America and
other growth markets. Asia Pacifc
buyers are busy in Europe. The US
deal fow is compelling and has
further to go if current deals get
the regulatory green light. There are
plenty of reasons to expect deal
fow to continue unless the current
crisis has a worldwide recessionary
effect.
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NEWS ANALYSIS
BEST RISK MANAGEMENT
SOLUTIONS ARE IDENTIFIED
POLICY & MARKETS
G
lobal economic woes
have taken their toll, but
investment in renewable
projects is still strong and since
2010 has surpassed investment in
new fossil fuel plants.
But as a new report by the
Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU)
of Swiss Re reminds us as
investment grows, so too do the
risks involved in owning, managing
and operating such installations.
To gain insight into the sectors
own estimation of the signifcant
risks involved in renewable projects,
the EIU surveyed 280 senior
executives in the renewable energy
industry. The respondents were
based in western Europe (Germany,
the UK, Denmark, Spain and Italy),
North America and Australia. The
results detail the ways that industry
executives are managing and
reducing risk, the instruments they
are using to transfer some of these
risks, and the risk management
challenges they face.
RENEWABLES RISING
Although just 33% of survey
respondents said that renewable
energy is highly signifcant for
their business strategy today, 61%
expect this to be the case in three
years time. Almost half (46%)
of respondents expect annual
growth of over 15% in their frms
renewable energy investment.
Interestingly, the respondents
tended to have the highest growth
expectations for the renewable
energy technology in which they
themselves were actively involved.
For example, while 48% of the total
survey sample expected high or
very high growth in installed wind
power capacity, among wind energy
frms the fgure was 73%; and while
47% of the total sample expected
high or very high growth in solar
energy capacity, the fgure among
solar specialists was 86%.
TYPES OF RISK
The report identifes several
signifcant types of risk, including
building and testing risk; business/
strategic risk; environmental
risk; fnancial risk; market risk;
operational risk; political/regulatory
risk; and weather-related volume.
Of those surveyed, 76% identifed
fnancial risk as the most signifcant
associated with renewable energy
projects. 62% identifed political
and regulatory risk as signifcant,
and 66% of respondents involved
in wind power mentioned weather-
related volume risk.
EARLY RISK
The general perception among
survey respondents was that the
earlier stages in the lifecycle of a
renewable energy plant are often
riskier than the latter stages. Some
24% of respondents assessed
the fnancing stage of renewable
energy project development as
high risk more than any other
stage. And 30% of respondents
from companies with revenue
below US$500 million described
the overall degree of risk associated
with fnancing a project as high,
while among larger companies the
survey found a lower fgure (18%).
Another early type of risk, political
and regulatory risk, was identifed
by 15% of survey respondents as a
high risk, second only to fnancial
risk in importance, while a further
46% of respondents rated political
and regulatory risk as medium.
Among the types of risk likely to
materialise in the later stages of a
project, weather-related risk was,
unsurprisingly, rated differently by
survey respondents from different
renewable energy sectors. Some
18% of respondents from the wind
sector described weather-related
volume risk as a high risk, while
47% rated it medium risk. But only
7% of respondents from the solar
sector described weather-related
volume risk as a high risk, while
41% rated it medium.
OBSTACLES
The report points to signifcant
obstacles to risk management in
the renewables industry. Although
70% of respondents say they are
successful in identifying risk, fewer
are successful at mitigating it (61%)
or transferring it (50%). Obstacles
to more effective risk management
include restricted availability of
both industry data and suitable risk
transfer mechanisms.
Many respondents pointed to
diversifcation across geographies
and technologies as the single most
powerful tool to mitigate regulatory
and weather-related volume risk.
And 55% of respondents said they
mitigate operational risk by relying
on proven technologies.
Of the survey respondents,
60% use insurance policies to
transfer risk to third parties,
making it the most common risk
transfer mechanism. However, the
use of alternative mechanisms
such as weather-based fnancial
derivatives appears to be growing,
and the renewable energy sector
also makes heavy use of service
contracts with hardware suppliers
to transfer operational risk. But
some executives told the EIU that
they retain regulatory and weather-
related volume risk because they
see few cost-effective alternatives.
According to the report,
38% of executives expect to
make additional use of fnancial
derivatives to transfer risk over
the next three years, and 34%
special purpose vehicles and 55%
insurance. Renewable energy
executives told the EIU that they
expect wider availability of more
standardised products, notably
weather derivatives, insurance and
hedging contracts.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on the survey, the report
offers several recommendations,
most importantly that companies
should intensify their efforts to
reduce and mitigate risk. Even so,
given that effective risk transfer
products are limited in availability
developers should focus on
mitigating specifc risks and on
reducing general business risk for
example, by sharing risk with joint
venture partners, or by investing
in late stage developments. The
report also advises companies to
focus on industry collaboration
and partnerships as a way of
reducing risk. Companies might
pool information or spares, or jointly
collect relevant weather data.
Finally, the report advises
renewable power developers
to foster industry expertise and
product development. The EIU
believes that more comprehensive
information and data on renewable
energy technologies, together with
industry education programmes,
may enable the development of
expertise both within the renewable
energy sector and among external
stakeholders, potentially paving the
way for more available and effective
risk transfer products.
As investment in renewable energy grows, so too does the risk.
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NEWS ANALYSIS
EUROPEAN OFFSHORE WIND
SECTOR HOLDS STEADY
OFFSHORE WIND
W
ith 235 new offshore wind
turbines grid-connected
and worth approximately
2.4 billion, 2011 was a stable
year for the offshore wind industry,
according to the European Wind
Energy Association (EWEA) which
has published its annual offshore
wind statistics for 2011.
A total power capacity of
866 MW were fully grid connected
across nine offshore wind farms
over the year, although EWEA
fgures show this is in fact slightly
down on the 2010 numbers of
883 MW installed and connected.
However, nine offshore wind farms
currently under construction will
bring an additional 2375 MW online
increasing the EUs total installed
offshore wind power capacity by
62%. These fgures compare with
2008s 327 MW and 2009s 584 MW
of offshore wind installed.
A total of 1371 offshore turbines
have now been grid-connected
across the EU, with a total power
capacity of 3813 MW in 53 wind
farms in 10 European countries.
Mostly in northwestern Europe,
new offshore wind farms with a
capacity of 5.6 GW are currently
under construction in the UK,
Germany and Belgium. The majority
(87%) of all newly installed and
grid-connected offshore wind
power in 2011 was in British waters.
European companies are
currently global leaders, with
over 99% of the worlds installed
offshore capacity in European
waters. Siemens supplied 80%
of the MW installed offshore last
year while SSE and RWE Innogy
were the most active developers
and DONG Energy continued to
be the most active equity player in
offshore wind power, EWEA says.
Areas for growth in offshore wind
energy include turbine and turbine
component manufacturing as well
as substructures, vessels, electrical
infrastructure including high voltage
subsea cables, and ports.
Over 141 GW of offshore wind
energy capacity is built, under
construction, consented, or
planned in Europe. These new
wind farms representing 35 times
more capacity than the just under
4 GW installed today would
provide 13.1% of Europes total
electricity production. EWEAs
target for installed EU offshore wind
power capacity by 2020 is 40 GW,
producing approximately 4% of the
EUs total electricity consumption.
In addition, some 169,000
jobs in the EU offshore wind
energy sector are expected to be
created by 2020, rising to 300,000
by 2030, according to EWEAs
latest analysis.
However, the new report warns
that if the offshore wind energy
sectors potential is to be fulflled
in Europe, it is imperative that
suffcient levels of fnancing are
brought in by investors. Also crucial
are the fnancing and building of
offshore power grids in the northern
and Baltic seas, which would
enable huge amounts of electricity
to be transported to consumers.
For the industry itself, there is
the risk of a high-voltage subsea
cable shortage in the next few
years which must be addressed
urgently, says the report, as
well as a possible shortage of
trained workers.
There is huge developer interest
in offshore wind energy across
Europe, observed Arthouros
Zervos, president of EWEA. He
added: Developers, governments
and investors realise that offshore
wind energy offers the growth
and jobs that Europe desperately
needs. The offshore wind energy
sector can replicate the success
of onshore wind technology
development, which is now a
mainstream source of power
competitive with new coal and
gas plants, and a major European
industry. However, to ensure this
happens, EU decision makers
need to set ambitious renewable
energy targets beyond 2020, invest
more in research and develop
an offshore grid.
Commenting on the numbers,
Justin Wilkes, policy director
of EWEA, says: The offshore
wind sector witnessed a stable
market in 2011. Despite the
economy-wide fnancial squeeze,
2011 saw a 40% increase on
the previous year in offshore
non-recourse debt fnancing,
up from 1.46 billion in 2010 to
2.05 billion in 2011.
He concludes: The strong
project pipeline and fnancial
developments highlight the
importance of countries continuing
to provide and develop stable long-
term frameworks for offshore wind
power in order to allow the industry
to continue its development.
According to an even more recent
analysis by EWEA, the EU achieved
its 2010 renewable electricity target
of 21% of electricity consumption
as set out in its 2001 Renewable
Electricity Directive.
According to the trade groups
analysis of provisional EUROSTAT
data, as well as EurObservER and
EURELECTRIC fgures, in 2010
renewable energies produced
between 665 TWh and 673 TWh,
hitting the 21% target given that
total consumption was around
3115 TWh to 3175 TWh.
If renewable electricity
production in the EU continued to
grow at the same rate as it did from
2005 to 2010 it would account for
36.4% of electricity in 2020 and
51.6% in 2030. The renewable
electricity targets set back in 2001
have been realistic as well as
effective, said Wilkes.
He added: The growth achieved
in the last fve years has been
outstanding and if continued
would result in over half of the EUs
electricity coming from renewables
by 2030. A long-term stable
framework, underpinned by an
ambitious 2030 renewable energy
target, is clearly the proven way to
ensure Europe meets its climate,
competitiveness and energy
security goals.
The growth of renewables
between 2005 and 2010 was largely
carried by onshore wind. In future
the renewables sector will beneft
from signifcant growth in offshore
wind and other technologies
as they become more mature,
he concluded.
EUROSTAT is due to publish
defnitive 2010 fgures in a few
months time.
2011 was a stable year for the offshore wind industry
SIEMENS
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Answers for infrastructure.
All indicators point to continued growth for onshore and
offshore wind power for economic reasons and also
because wind power is an important contribution to CO2
emissions reduction in power generation. It pays off to
speed up new wind projects.
ENEAS (Efficient Network and Energy Automation Systems)
generic solutions for wind power are specially designed to
provide an off-the-shelf solution for wind power purposes.
Based on Siemens vast experience in automation of pow-
er-collection grids for wind farms of all sizes, they ensure
optimal processes throughout the entire project life cycle
of a wind power plant.
The preconfigured and pretested, universally applicable
solutions for switchgear on all required voltage levels suit
wind power plants from a single turbine to large-scale
wind farms.
www.siemens.com/eneas-wind
ENEAS generic solutions for wind power considerably
reduce the effort usually required for the clarification of
details and engineering. Comprehensively tested applica-
tions and templates increase the overall project quality
and transparency, and they accelerate the entire project
planning and implementation process.
Out-of-the-box solutions ensure faster
ROI and quick project implementation
Siemens ENEAS generic solutions for wind power
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NEWS ANALYSIS
EUROPEANSOLAR IN GOOD
SHAPE, SAYS LUX ANALYST
FORECASTINGSOLAR DEMAND
E
uropes solar market is in
good shape despite the
global fnancial crisis, a new
study by Lux Research shows.
Small European markets will show
favourable returns in the near term,
the study predicts, while Asian
markets will rise over the next few
years. Portugals market is currently
the hottest for solar investors
able to undertake projects under
the nations installations cap. The
Portuguese internal rate of return
(IRR) remained high in 2011 and
is projected to push the annual
market to nearly 400 MW in 2016.
At number two is the solar market in
Cyprus, followed by Hawaii, Greece
and Israel.
Uncertainty surrounding
Europes fnancial situation
and its countries ability to pay
out incentives will prevent wild
growth keeping that market
relatively constant, explains Matt
Feinstein, the Lux Research analyst
who led the study. However, a
number of Asian markets have high
returns going into 2012 notably
Malaysia at 24.1%, the Philippines
at 22.6%, and Japan at 20.9%.
They will push demand toward that
region in 2012 and 2013.
The study, which Lux Research
terms the Solar Demand Forecaster,
tracks IRR and projects future
growth through 2016 for six key
PV technologies monocrystalline
silicon (c-Si), multicrystalline
silicon (mc-Si), cadmium telluride
(CdTe), copper indium gallium
diselenide (CIGS), thin-flm silicon
(TF-Si) and high concentrating
photovoltaic modules (HCPV). Lux
says the study offers a metric for
investors to compare demand and
project growth for solar across
disparate markets.
REW asked Feinstein to
comment further on the processes
involved in the study and its results.
ANALYST Q&A
REW: You analysed 50 US states,
31 Chinese provinces and semi-
autonomous regions, and 75
countries/regions. How (broadly)
does each category break down?
That is, which states, provinces,
countries etc are most signifcant
and why?
Feinstein: For the US states,
California and northeast states with
SREC markets have shown the
best returns. Even though systems
normally only generate SRECs for
three years or so, prices are so high
that the investment is well worth
it. Among countries elsewhere,
small European subsidies show
favourable returns there, but of
course the fnancial crisis has led
to decreasing confdence about
the growth potential in that market
not to mention that it is already
well-saturated with solar, and
suppliers are looking elsewhere
to enable broader distribution,
immunising their forecasts
from the risk associated with
uncertain subsidies.
REW: You broke down IRR for
residential, commercial and utility
installations. How do these areas
compare broadly in terms of
growth, and how do they compare
between key regions?
Feinstein: It largely depends on
the subsidy scheme, when looking
at specifc regions. In India,
some states prefer utility-scale
installations, whereas others give
generous rebates on residential
systems. In total, the commercial
segment is the largest, but growing
slowest. Residential is smallest and
growing the fastest leading to a
relatively equal split in fve years.
REW: Tell us more about the top
fve locations (Portugal, Cyprus,
Hawaii, Greece and Israel) as they
fgure in your analysis.
Feinstein: Truth is, the numbers
work out nicely there IRR enables
an apples-to-apples comparison
despite the size of a market but
these are all relatively small markets
that wont fgure largely into the
broad demand picture.
REW: Describe the method behind
the SDF.
Feinstein: We compile data
from the solar end module and
balance of systems pricing, module
effciencies, fnancing, O&M costs,
etc and electricity prices and
demand, and solar insolation, by
region. We can then calculate the
levelised cost of energy (LCOE) of a
system by geography, technology,
and application. As we understand
up-front investment, cost-per-kWh
generated, and the value of returns
over time (subsidies, energy), we
can determine IRR. Based on
historical installations and total
addressable market, we correlate
that to projected MW installed.
REW: Finally, can you offer
our readers some more
detailed predictions?
Feinstein: Asia South Asia,
specifcally becomes a heavy
riser medium- and long-term as
Europe declines. North America
specifcally the US takes that
demand in the short-term, as long
as the investment tax credit (ITC) is
still around.
Europe is doing well in the near term but in the coming years will decline in favour of Asia
JUWI
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NEWS ANALYSIS
CHINA MAKES PROGRESS ON
PERCEPTIONS OF QUALITY
INVERTER MARKET
I
s the German utility business
model dead or dying? This
outcome would at least appear
credible given the conclusions
emerging from the 2nd Inverter
and PV System Technology Forum
2012, held recently in Berlin.
With the country set to phase out
its nuclear generation capacity, to
be replaced with a major investment
programme in renewables, it would
seem that the growing emergence
of domestic PV will skew the current
largely centralised electricity
production scenario.
Indeed, according to trade
group the German Solar Industry
Association (BSW-Solar), further
solar expansion in Germany will see
its share in the countrys electricity
mix increase by 70% by 2016 from
around 4% this year. Furthermore,
BSW-Solar believes, by 2020 the
solar industry is to increase its
share of electricity consumption in
Germany to more than 10%.
According to new analysis from
IHS iSuppli Germany is nonetheless
likely to lose its place as the worlds
top PV market in 2011, with
installations during 2011 expected
to decline to 5.9 GW, down 20%
from the 7.4 GW seen in 2010.
Dr Henning Wicht, director and
principal analyst for PV at IHS,
explains that installations in the
country stalled in the frst half of
2011, and while there was a second
half recovery it was insuffcient to
generate growth for the whole year.
Nonetheless, the rapid increase
in solar power and therefore the
rising volume of locally produced
electricity being fed into the grid
is posing huge challenges to the
operators of both plant and grid.
Responding to these challenges,
inverter manufacturers are
improving the communications and
energy management capabilities of
these devices, which will potentially
allow a signifcant proportion of
naturally occurring volatility to be
effectively smoothed out.
However, despite the worldwide
increase in new PV installations
this year, component prices in the
solar supply chain are largely on
the decline. The weak demand in
Europe will lead to further price
battles in 2012, IHS believes, with
the primary feld of contention
being module and polysilicon
prices. Worldwide demand is
expected to pick up by April 2012,
driven by demand in Europe as well
as by supportive local programmes
coming online in China and
the emergence of new markets
such as India.
STRONG IN CHINA
In the inverters sector which has
proved more resilient to the pricing
shocks that have characterised
the module market quality
has continued to command a
price premium. But, backed by
government policies designed to
promote clean energy and a strong
nancial upside that encourages
investment, shipments in China are
set to nearly quadruple within four
years, according to IHS iSuppli.
Inverter shipments in China
will amount to 5.5 GW by 2015,
equivalent to a compound annual
growth rate of 31% from 1.4 GW
at the end of 2011. Growth this
year was particularly energetic
as shipments soared 117% from
657 MW last year. The market
expansion will amount to an
impressive 85% to 2.6 GW next
year, after which more modest
increases will take place.
IHS argues that the growth of
the Chinese inverter market during
the next four years will boost the
countrys standing in the worldwide
solar inverter space. In 2010, the
country had only a 3% share of
global PV inverter shipments,
compared to 42% for Germany,
22% for Italy, 7% for the Czech
Republic, 6% for the US and Japan,
and 4% for France. By 2015,
however, China will be expected to
account for 13% of the market a
substantial increase.
A FAVOURABLE MARKET
A major supporter and notable
driving force behind Chinese PV
inverter growth is the national
government. Indeed, three
directives were enacted in 2011
alone by the state-controlled
National Development and Reform
Council that will benet the
domestic PV inverter segment.
Financial considerations also are
a powerful incentive. Compared to
the solar cell and battery module
segments, for instance, PV inverters
in China are not subject to as much
price pressure, representing a
much smaller share of the cost of
the entire PV system only around
7%. The number of domestic
inverter companies is also fewer
than those of the batteries and PV
cells sector, and inverters enjoy
better gross margins compared to
other components.
Among local inverter
manufacturers, Sungrow Power
Supply Co Ltd is one of the few
players to have acquired substantial
market share, with more than 40%
of the domestic inverter space,
exceeding even the reach of foreign
rms such as US-based Emerson.
Chinas utility market last
year accounted for 54% of total
domestic inverter revenue, followed
by the commercial market at 42%
and the residential segment at
4%. Inverter output ranging from
10 kW to 499 kW took a majority
share of the market, trailed by
inverters larger than 500 kW. At the
same time, vendors like Sungrow
are developing larger-output
power inverters because of higher
efciency and lower cost per watt.
FUTURE TRENDS
Meanwhile, IMS Researchs new
report: PV Inverter Customer
Opinions & Requirements Survey
reveals a number of interesting
trends for PV inverters in the future
as well as reasons behind buyers
choice of supplier and product.
Whilst there was very strong
brand preference for Western
suppliers of inverters, with SMA
Solar Technology confrmed as
clear leader for example, many
customers indicated that they
trusted Chinese brands too, with
those in Italy and the UK being the
most accepting. Despite this, the
survey found that most customers
still prefer Western inverter
suppliers and had several demands
for better products.
Commenting in the report,
co-author and market analyst
Cormac Gilligan said: The most
important product feature for string
inverters was having more MPPT
channels and a wider MPP range.
Whilst central inverter customers
also want this, they see improved
system monitoring and fault
detection as of ultimate importance
to them.
Worldwide demand
is expected to pick
up by April
The ongoing trend of building
large installations using three phase
string inverters was also evident
from the survey and more than
70% of respondents indicated
they would consider using a string
inverter in PV systems over 750 kW.
In fact, more than 30% said they
would use string inverters to build
MW-sized projects.
Nearly 70% of customers
wanted monitoring diagnostics
right down to the string level, with
15% wanting to monitor each panel
individually. This appears to show
a great opportunity for panel-level
electronics and monitoring.
Although customers were
expecting better-performing
inverter products in future,
with more features and higher
effciencies, most expect prices
to fall over the next three years
with most expecting a 20%30%
reduction, IMS reports.
Nearly half of all customers said
that they determined their inverter
price based on their overall system
budget. With module and system
prices falling rapidly, this inherently
puts more pressure on inverter
prices to fall too, concluded
IMSs Gilligan.
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REPOWER APPLIED MATERIALS
What do we hope for in
12 months time?
In each edition, REW asks leading players in the industry to give
their verdict on a key issue of the moment.
For our frst Big Question feature of 2012, we asked readers to
give us their hopes and fears, opinions and predictions for the
year ahead given the outcomes (or lack thereof) of the climate
negotiations in Durban, ongoing shakeouts in major renewable
energy sectors and the challenging global economic climate.
T
H
E
B
IG
Q
U
E
S
T
IO
N
Due to 2011s lower demand,
oversupply of some components
and products, limited
credit availability, increased
manufacturing capacity and
higher silicon supply, solar
module prices have experienced
a sharp decline. The emergence
of Chinese PV cell manufacturers
producing solar cells at a lower
cost than US companies further
dropped prices. In response,
some US manufacturers
were forced to reduce prices,
decrease margins, close
some manufacturing facilities,
or even declare bankruptcy.
Nevertheless, these challenges
have not affected overall
investment in solar energy.
Also, lower module prices
have helped reduce the price of
solar energy, making solar more
competitive with other forms of
electricity generation. Module
prices are expected to further
decline at a lower rate during
the next fve years, making solar
more affordable in the absence
of subsidies.
The PV market in North
America is projected to grow at
a CAGR of 42% from 2011 to
2015. Wind and geothermal are
projected to grow at 17% and
7%, respectively.
US wind installations
decreased by almost 50% in
2010 due to the economic
crisis and lower fuel and energy
prices. However, the market
began to show signs of recovery
in 2011. More than 7 GW of
wind capacity is expected to
be installed in the US in 2012,
a 25% increase on 2011. This
is fueled by the proximate
expiration of the Loan Guarantee
programme, the production tax
credit (PTC) and the investment
tax credit (ITC), the main drivers
for the wind market.
As developers rush to
complete projects before the
expiration deadline, the market
will experience an acceleration
of installations, especially
during Q1 and Q2 of 2012. If
the tax credit is not extended, a
major halt throughout the entire
industry can be anticipated
in the second half of 2012.
Contracts and investments
will be indefnitely put on
hold. However, a long-term
extension of the PTC would
allow developers to plan more
accurately for growth and allow
manufacturers suffcient lead
time to provide an ample amount
of turbines to accommodate
high demand.
GEORGINA BENEDETTI, ENERGY & POWER SYSTEMS SENIOR ANALYST, FROST & SULLIVAN
THE BIG QUESTION
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BECHTEL
BECHTEL
Frederick, Maryland USA
bechtel.com
San Francisco Houston London Brisbane
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BUILDING A
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We provide our customers with solutions for the 21st century by
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delivered on time and on budget.
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THE BIGQUESTION
The Chinese solar industry
will achieve unprecedented
growth in 2012, adding more
than 2.8 GW thanks to two
developments: the 12th Five
Year Plan for Renewable Energy
Development 2011-15 and the
feed-in tariff (FiT) scheme.
China only had 893 MW of
solar installed capacity at the
end of 2010 and is expected
to have gained an additional
1.7 GW in 2011. The country
is expected to surpass the US
in 2012 to become the third
largest PV market in the world,
based on annual installed
capacity. According to the
12th Five Year Plan, targets for
installed capacity are expected
to be set at 10 GW by 2015 and
50 GW by 2020. This 2015 target
implies an annual growth of over
1000%. Under the plan, China
is promoting the development
of smaller-scale distributed
solar projects in populated
areas. This will attract private
small and medium enterprises
to the installation market, as
large players will focus on
bigger projects.
China also announced
mid-2011 FiTs that mandated
minimum prices grid operators
must pay at 15 cents/kWh.
This is expected to be paired
with clean energy quotas for
grid operators and is aimed at
guaranteeing market demand
for the solar power produced.
Installation growth may
also be positive for domestic
companies facing weakened
demand in Europe and over-
capacity buildup. Stock prices
of Chinese solar companies,
like those of their peers, have
plummeted in the last four to
fve months. However, strong
growth in domestic installations
may bring something to
cheer about for the Chinese
solar companies.
For the past decade Western
countries have led the way in the
cleantech sector, pioneering new
ideas and setting standards by
working to minimise the carbon
footprints of entire nations. But
the future is no longer looking
as rosy, or more accurately, not
as green. Business is slowing
down and the fnancial support
of governments is no longer
guaranteed. As a result Asian
countries have appeared both
as a new source of revenue for
those in the West as well as
competitors with cutting-edge
technologies of their own.
In a bid to become the worlds
leading producer of renewable
energy, China is paving the way
and is now working to make the
manufacturing process as green
as the end products.
The outlook for western
companies who have heavily
invested in R&D is perhaps not
as glum as it seems. The shift
from West to East brings with
it some big opportunities and
venture capital activity in China
is on the up. In 2011 alone,
clean energy fnancing in China
was worth US$1.4 billion and
many deals have been made
with Western companies which
can provide valuable intellectual
property, products, expertise
and contacts.
Venture capital
activity in China
is on the up
It is now down to Western
companies to seize their chance
and identify partnerships and
investment opportunities in
the Chinese cleantech space.
The potential is too huge to be
missed and with the domestic
economic situation not looking
likely to improve any time soon,
not doing so could spell the end
for many businesses.
SHAMINDER SINGH RAGI, ALTERNATIVE
ENERGY, GLOBALDATA
GREG SUTCH,
CEO, INTRALINK
HANWHA SOLARONEE
2012 will be an infection point
for the PV industry. The market
prediction is forecast to be
25 GW of new capacity. This
estimate could be signifcantly
higher if the market elasticity
to price creates the response
long expected for solar power,
or lower if the feed-in tariffs
(FiTs) in Germany and Italy drop
dramatically or are capped and
the inertia needed to access
competitive markets is too much
to overcome.
Based on improvements in
cell effciencies and production
economies of scale, todays
manufacturing cost per watt can
range from as low as US$0.82
to $1.05. With a continuous
progression of cost reduction
inherent in production, supply
chain and module technologies,
the reality of mainstream global
grid parity is close. In fact,
continuing cost declines in PV
power production are enabling
unsubsidised markets to grow
in emerging economies and
in meeting the peak power
demands being amplifed with
the decommissioning of old,
polluting power stations. In
the US we see homeowners
seizing the initiative, one rooftop
at a time, to break free of the
wired world.
One exemplary emerging
market is South Africa where
PV is competing with coal-
generated electricity. As PV
expands across the globe,
varying economic and
infrastructure conditions give
rise to a growing number of
different business models. In
some countries, especially
developing nations, distributed
local generation has been the
norm and can permanently
sidestep the need for a
wired infrastructure. Power is
consumed close to where it is
generated. As cost reduction
accelerates, local infrastructure
and local self-reliance will
motivate and inspire policies
and business strategies that
leverage these advancements
by creating local jobs and
prosperity proportionate to the
creative energy of individuals.
However 2012 takes shape,
the future for renewables
remains exciting. Regardless of
the economic environment, what
some may overlook is the speed
of change, as PV adoption
continues to grow. In the future,
well see a convergence of smart
communication technologies
with energy production and
distribution. The potential of
creating a wireless world of
energy and information with
local jobs is yet to be tapped.
CHARLIE GAY, PRESIDENT, APPLIED SOLAR
APPPLIED MATERIALS
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THE BIGQUESTION
It will come as no surprise to
anyone involved in the renewable
energy market that the expiration
of the cash grant programme
under Section 1603 of the US
Internal Revenue Code will have
a negative impact on the overall
volume of US renewable energy
projects fnanced and closed
in 2012 and possibly 2013.
Anecdotal evidence suggests
that a signifcant volume of Q4
2011 transactions were driven
by the need for safe harbour
under Section 1603; thus the
expirations impact will not be
immediately obvious during the
frst six to nine months of 2012.
2011s debt market for
renewable energy fnancing
was strong, although lenders
continued to be more cautious
and some pullback was
noticeable. It was reported
recently that an existing long-
term bank loan on a wind
project was restructured and the
tenor reduced to 10 years from
18 years, with pricing at LIBOR +
275 basis points and increased
up-front fees. The sponsor was
also required to increase its
equity contribution.
In 2012, capital markets
solutions will continue to be
explored. We continue to work
on securitisation structures
and it would not surprise me if
a securitised debt transaction
(or variation thereof) is closed
during the latter half of 2012.
Alternatively, banks using their
balance sheets to fnance
renewable projects will look
at repackaging such debt into
capital markets instruments.
MADELEINE TAN,
PARTNER, STRUCTURED FINANCE GROUP,
KAYE SCHOLER LLP
The past fve years have
brought considerable changes
to geothermal development,
which has accelerated in
many parts of the world, both
in countries (such as New
Zealand, Indonesia and the US)
that have a traditional interest
in conventional geothermal
resources, and in countries
without this historical interest
(such as Australia and Germany).
Some new developments have
followed well-worn paths in
conventional hydrothermal
resources in volcanic regions,
while Enhanced Geothermal
System (EGS) projects in
non-volcanic regions have struck
out in new directions. Technology
has allowed for development of
conventional resources with
lower temperature, restricted
water access, and constrained
surface utilisation. EGS projects
have launched in a variety of
different directions and places
(the US currently has six active
EGS developments).
Future expansion depends
on exploring for new felds and
overcoming technical challenges
in known but not-yet-exploited
felds. Two issues that are
currently being addressed by the
world geothermal community
are: (1) the productivity gap in
the exploitation of felds that are
too hot for downhole pumps, but
too cool for fash production; and
(2) the development of reliable
EGS development procedures
that can ensure sustainable
fow rates and assure the public
that induced seismicity will not
be a problem.
ROLAND HORNE,
PRESIDENT, INTERNATIONAL GEOTHERMAL
ASSOCIATION
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__________________
THE BIGQUESTION
Its hard to see how much of anything good
has come out of the climate talks in South
Africa, as most of the fundamental issues
remain unresolved.
The Eurozone crisis continues to deepen,
the Chinese economy is threatening to stall,
and the Arab Spring seems to be turning
into the winter of discontent; and the war
drums are starting to beat in Washington
again. Were having the warmest La Nia
year in history, the Greenland and Antarctic
icecaps are getting shakier and shakier,
and even the IEAs chief economist says
governments only have fve years to get
their act together or the window for avoiding
more than 2C of global mean temperature
rise will be all but closed.
In this context, its hard to make a rosy
prediction for wind energy markets in 2012.
From a global perspective, it seems like
2011 will turn out to have been a pretty good
year. Installations continue at a frantic rate in
China; India and Canada both seem headed
for record years; the European market will
be pretty steady overall, and were starting
see major growth in Latin America, led by
Brazil with Mexico coming on strong behind.
The volatile US market seems headed for a
strong year, which although not up to the
10 GW installed in 2009, will be well ahead
of last years 5 GW market.
The single biggest factor affecting the
global market in 2012 will be determined
by the US Congress: if, and for how long,
the PTC will be extended. If the Eurozone
falls apart, that cant be good news for the
European market, although if the crisis is
brought under control, then I think well see
strong markets in 2012, especially offshore.
The Latin American boom should continue
to grow in Brazil and Mexico, and new
markets will begin to deliver megawatts in
the ground in Kenya, South Africa, Mongolia
and other nations. Outstanding issues
around the new Japanese FiT are supposed
to get settled in spring; a positive outcome
there could presage a growing market. Our
own 2011 projections forecast an annual
market of about 48 GW in 2012. This could
be optimistic, but by spring we may be
looking back and snickering at the gloomy
uncertainty of the second half of 2011.
UK wind energy may be
subsidised, but the Department
of Energy and Climate Change
(DECC) has already started the
process of cutting funding to the
offshore and onshore sectors by
reducing the value of Renewable
Obligation Certifcates (ROCs).
At the same time, fossil
fuel prices are up; as far as
cost effciency is concerned,
according to Bloomberg, the
two could achieve parity by
2016. The same report states
that the best wind farms in the
world already produce power as
economically as coal, gas and
nuclear generators. In the case
of nuclear, the decommissioning
costs alone far exceed the cost
per MW of a wind installation.
Ideal conditions around
the UK mean that sea-based
wind power could supply more
than enough energy for the
country. Costs are currently
high compared to onshore
wind, but an industry-led task
force will reduce development,
construction and operational
costs to 100/MWh (US$157)
by 2020. As with any new
technology, costs will fall steeply
as the offshore wind industry
gains experience and achieves
economies of scale with the
Round 3 projects expected to
be built from 2015.
There has recently been
criticism about wind farms
shutting down during periods
of over-production. Balancing
electricity supply and demand
by reducing power station
output is a feature of any grid.
In the UK we typically require
50% more supply at 4pm than
at 4am, and there are peaks
and troughs throughout the day.
Wind farms now being part of
this balancing mechanism is a
sign of the industry maturing,
and of their versatility. It is easier,
and cheaper, to shut down a
wind farm during a few low-
demand hours than to shut
down a nuclear power station
for a few hours.
The challenge we face
today is less intermittency than
connectivity. A modern grid
system is the key to ensuring
that our wind resource is used
to its maximum effect, so that
power produced in regions
that have wind can easily be
supplied to areas that dont. The
European Supergrid will be the
ultimate solution, distributing
power from renewable energy
sources across continents.
Research by the German
government into the scenario
of 100% energy supply from
renewables in Europe by 2050
found that only Denmark can
produce renewable energy
cheaper than the UK. But
nobody is claiming that wind is
the only answer to our future
energy supply; its just part of
the solution. Wind can deliver
the power balance we need
in a cost effective and climate
neutral fashion. And lets not
forget the other beneft that the
renewable industry can bring
to the UK: green jobs up to
90,000 of them by 2020 in the
wind, wave and tidal sector and
its supply chain something the
UK needs in the harsh economic
environment of today.
STEVE SAWYER, SECRETARY GENERAL, GLOBAL WIND ENERGY COUNCIL
RICK EGGLESTON, MANAGING DIRECTOR, REPOWER UK
VESTAS
RE POWER
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RENEWABLE ENERGY AND DISTRIBUTED GENERATION
international exhibition and conference
13
th
edition
Verona Exhibition Centre, Italy
May 9 - 11, 2012
1,600 EXHIBITORS 150,000 SQ M EXHIBITION SPACE 75,000 VISITORS
solarexpo.com
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PV: 2012 FORECAST
PV FIRE SALE
At the turn of the year, photovoltaics manufacturers are faced with diffcult choices: continue
selling at prices that do not allow for positive margins, or shutter production and wait for the
current situation to settle down. With signifcant inventory on the supply side, and expectations
on the demand side for continued low pricing, the correction is likely to be long and painful.
Paula Mints explores the issues and offers predictions for the next year in PV.
INDUSTRY VALUE CHAIN BLUES
There is signifcant tension currently between the demand and supply
sides of the PV market.
SIEMENS
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PV: 2012 FORECAST
A
fre sale is the sale of goods at extremely discounted prices. Todays prices are artifcially low, and
decreasing almost daily. Confusion over who is buying what technology at what price has made
establishing a global average almost impossible. Adding to the confusion are joyful announcements
that grid parity has been reached. Right up front, if the price of technology per watt peak is below the
cost of producing it and technology manufacturers are failing, true grid parity has not been reached.
Currently there is signifcant tension between technologys manufacturers and its buyers. On the buying
side, current low prices are leading to healthy margins, and thus this group does not want to see prices
increase. On the selling side, well, margins are negative and the future looks grim.
Along with the failures of third tier technology, manufacturers and module assemblers are failures of
industry pioneers. This is not a symptom of healthy correction and consolidation, it is a sign of something
gone severely awry in the value chain of the PV industry. Rhetorical question: if all the technology
manufacturers go out of business will there be a PV industry?
PV is an industry of optimists. In fact, optimism should be a requirement for entry because before
2004 all, or at least most, of the technology manufacturers lost money. Before a reasonably steady slate
of incentives, demand was primarily into the off-grid applications with grid-connected demand hit or
miss. Despite all obstacles, and driven by industry participants who truly believed that they had a calling,
the industry survived until it could thrive. And thrive it did. From 2005 through to 2011, the PV industry
grew by a compound annual rate of 59%. In 2010 over 2009, shipments to the frst point of sale grew by
120%. This extraordinarily strong growth was driven by the generous feed-in tariff (FiT) market in Europe.
The strong EU FiTs led to a virtual gold rush in the solar industry, inviting new entrants who, knowing
nothing of the industrys history, did not understand the inherent risks of an incentive-driven market.
CURRENT STATE OF THE INDUSTRY
There is signifcant tension currently between the demand and supply sides of the PV industry. Supply
side participants (not news to readers of public fnancial statements) are suffering from negative margins,
large losses and are shuttering production. High debt in Italy, currently the strongest market, is giving
investors pause, and the market is slowing. The German market has slowed and other European markets
cannot take up the slack. In 2010, the markets in Europe had an 80% share of global demand. In 2011,
the markets in Europe will have a ~72% share, with Japan, the US and fnally China consuming more
product. In the case of China, having built the strongest global export market and, with its manufacturers
experiencing signifcant losses, the government can choose to install domestically or allow inventories to
increase signifcantly. China is choosing to install. The government in China has also publically indicated
that it will control capacity additions. The country will still have a dominant share of global capacity at
an eventual 20 GWp.
In all markets, manufacturers are shuttering production and stepping back from announced capacity
plans. Though several polysilicon manufacturers are apparently carrying forward with capacity additions,
many are quietly discarding plans for capacity expansions while publicly putting on a brave face. The
time for brave faces may be past; in its place is the need for true courage. For an industry that has
historically faced signifcant obstacles and, by and large, surmounted these obstacles and survived, the
current state of affairs requires courage indeed. The proof of this is in the manufacturer bankruptcies that
have already occurred, and in the bankruptcies still to come.
The current state of the industry includes crashing prices and negative margins for manufacturers,
decreasing incentive rates, high levels of debt in markets such as Greece and Italy, high levels of capacity
and high levels of inventory. The US is a promising market, but the demand side (installers, system
integrators, EPCs, developers) has grown so signifcantly that it is now overcrowded. Project bids are, in
some cases, at the 8.5 cents/Wp level, which does not support quality system installations. The demand
side of the PV industry in the US may well suffer the next correction. (Corrections are healthy, though
they can also take a long, long time. As an example, consider the still recovering US housing market.)
A caveat to 2011 data, as the fnal data are not available until the 2012 survey is completed: the
2011 total is an estimate based on quarterly assessments. In fact, pricing data is coming in almost daily.
The methodology used is classic market research. This discipline counts things from where they start to
where they frst stop, begins counting again to the next stop, and so on.
Figure 1 (see page 24) presents 2011 as the global PV industry moves into 2012. The fgure includes
bars for inventory, installations, shipments to the frst buyer, production, capacity and announcements.
The announcements are included to make the point that announced plans are not data. The frst buyer
in the market can be a module assembler, an installer, system integrator, EPC, distributor, retailer, and
even another manufacturer. Outsourcing and rebranding has always been common in the PV industry.
With current low prices, it is simply the way business is being done.
Note that in Figure 1 a high level of demand-side inventory (~4 GWp) remains at the end of 2011.
High levels of demand-side and supply-side inventory, high levels of capacity, decreasing incentive
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PV: 2012 FORECAST
rates and current unease among investors about the markets in
Europe (given anxiety over the Euro and high debt levels) are holding
technology prices down.
In 2011, manufacturers from China and Taiwan accounted for
56% of total technology shipped to the frst buyer. Technology
shipped to the frst buyer includes cells and modules from the
original technology manufacturer. Technology is frequently reshipped
several times, particularly in the current market situation.
IT AINT GRID PARITY IF EVERYONE GOES BUST
The demand side of the PV industry, particularly some very vocal
participants in the US, argues that if prices increase, it will not
be able to do business. But if prices do not increase it will not be
able to do business, as the majority of manufacturers will cease
manufacturing for a time, or disappear altogether. This would leave a
vastly decreased feld and prices would rise. No matter what, prices
will rise, though with current high inventory levels and gray market
selling it will take some time.
Prices may not rise to a healthy
level until the end of 2012. These
increases will be fought and
resented, but manufacturers
cannot continue selling at the
current levels.
At the end of 2011, the
average price for all technologies
to the frst buyer is expected
to be US$1.25. Within this
average are prices as low
as $0.50/Wp to >$3.00/Wp.
Prices to the second buyer are
currently averaging $1.10; this
range begins at $0.50/Wp to
$1.25/Wp. Reselling of
inventory continues and
should not be averaged as it
clouds the pricing picture. Currently there is signifcant gossip
in the PV industry regarding pricing. The announcement of
ever lower price levels, in most cases based on very little data,
sends a signal to the market to wait for lower prices and is a
self-fulflling prophecy.
From 2001 through 2003, average global prices were close
to production costs, with aggressive pricing at below production
costs common. From 2004 through 2008, the EU FiTs stimulated
signifcant demand and, though this acceleration coincided with a
polysilicon shortage, technology manufacturers took margin during
this period, most (or all) for the frst time. In 2009, manufacturers from
China and Taiwan, particularly China, began pricing aggressively
for share. They increased capacity and market share rapidly while
continuing aggressive pricing strategies. In 2011, manufacturers no
longer control the pricing function.
In an incentive-driven industry where governments legislate
incentive availability, pushing prices to unsustainably low levels
TABLE 1: REGIONAL SHIPMENT SHARES, 19972011 ESTIMATE
Year US Europe Japan ROW China & Taiwan Total
Total Total Total Total Total Shipments
1997 42% 18% 25% 13% 3% 114.1
1998 38% 21% 27% 12% 3% 134.8
1999 32% 17% 39% 10% 2% 175.5
2000 30% 23% 38% 7% 2% 252.0
2001 27% 24% 41% 6% 1% 352.9
2002 21% 24% 46% 5% 3% 504.9
2003 14% 26% 52% 7% 2% 675.3
2004 13% 26% 52% 5% 4% 1049.7
2005 9% 29% 51% 5% 6% 1407.7
2006 7% 31% 44% 5% 12% 1984.6
2007 8% 32% 29% 5% 25% 3073.0
2008 7% 31% 22% 8% 32% 5491.8
2009 5% 18% 16% 14% 46% 7913.3
2010 6% 15% 12% 14% 54% 17,402.3
2011 Estimate 4% 10% 12% 18% 56% 22,419.7
14 Year CAGR -15% -4% -5% 2% 24% 46%
50000.0
45000.0
40000.0
35000.0
30000.0
25000.0
20000.0
15000.0
10000.0
5000.0
0.0
2010 Demand
side Inventory
into 2011
Defective
Module
2011
2011
Shipment
est
2011
Production
2011
Announced
Production
2011
Instillations
2011
Commercial
Capacity
2011
Announced
Capacity
2011
Inventory
Info 2012
M
P
W
Figure 1: 2011 2012 Est.
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ADVERTISEMENT FEATURE
HOW THE SANYO SOLAR PREMIUM INSTALLER
PROGRAMME REASSURES CONSUMERS IN AN
UNCERTAIN CLIMATE
The recent changes to the UK governments FiT
schemes have caused serious concern across
the solar installation industry, which is bound to
be seriously affected when the cuts take effect
following the governments consultation ending
in December 2012.
F
or an industry that struggled to raise the
prole of solar energy amongst consumers
and was just starting to break the
misconceptions about the value of investment,
it is a harsh reality that it should suddenly be
knocked into overdrive before an unavoidable
crash. However, not all is doom and gloom as
there are still ways to ensure that once the gold
rush ends, reliable, experienced and more robust
solar installation companies remain top of their
game and are able to continue their business
as usual. The SANYO Solar Premium Installer
Programme offers businesses a meaningful seal
of approval from one of the biggest technology
brands in the world as well as providing
consumers with a stamp to look for to avoid the
cowboys. Companies like Eco Environments, a
UK-based renewable energy installer offering PV
installation, have signed up to the programme
to add an increasingly necessary accreditation
to their brand.
THE BEST OFFENCE IS A GOOD DEFENCE
Since the changes were announced, solar
installation companies have been inundated
with new business enquiries Eco Environments
took three months orders in just two weeks
following the announcement at the end of
October of the cuts to the FiT. With such a
sudden inux of interest in solar panelling, it is
easy for companies to rejoice at the windfall of
work created, but the after-effects of the gold
rush threaten to pose potentially fatal problems
for the industry. By signing up to the SANYO
Solar Premium Installer Programme, businesses
like Eco Environments can safeguard the future
of their business and prevent it being affected by
the governments FiT scheme modications, as
explained by director David Hunt:
What shocked us and the industry as a whole
was the extent of the cut and the speed with
which it is being implemented. When the
announcement was made at the end of October,
we committed to getting as many customers
as possible up and running before December
12 which helped us achieve sales greater than
last years entire turnover in one month. We
accepted three months orders in two weeks
and could have taken on six months orders
if we hadnt closed the order books to ensure
that we could deliver schemes ahead of the
12th. Our order book also remains healthy
and growing for installations after the deadline
because customers understand that it remains
one of the best investments you can make, and
by signing up to the SANYO Solar Premium
Installer Programme, we are further safeguarding
ourselves against a potential dip in consumer
interest in solar.
When the cutoff point arrives, it is predicted
that consumer demand will peter out and solar
installers will be forced to reassess their product
and service offering, but it is also reassuringly
likely that the interest caused by the changes
will encourage more consumers to consider
switching to solar well into 2012. Therefore, it is
clear that, as a solar installation business, this
is the time to differentiate yourself from others.
REAPING THE BENEFITS
Hunt continues:
We are yet to see the impact that the SANYO
Solar Premium Installer Programme will have
on our business as it has only just commenced;
however, we are expecting that it will generate
more direct sales leads which will increase
the ways consumers nd us. At present, the
majority of our new business comes from radio
and print advertisements, PR and web activity,
a strong sales and business development team
and referrals from existing, happy customers,
so it will be great to start generating consumer
interest via an external source promoting our
services to their contacts.
There is more to the SANYO seal of approval
than just an added prevention of the possible
negative impact of the governments changes;
beyond that, there is the peace of mind that
consumers obtain from it. HIT is a world-
recognised name with a respected reputation
and positive image in the public eye.
SANYO is the best brand currently operating
in the solar market which means the SANYO
Solar Premium Installer Programme provides
unparalleled brand association for our company.
Its a good badge for us to display to potential
new clients who are looking for signs that
prove we are among the best in our eld. It is
also important to us that the achievability of
the criteria for applying for the programme is
kept at a high level to ensure the value of the
accreditation is maintained.
By creating obligatory, stringent criteria for the
application process, SANYO ensures that only
fully qualied, experienced installers can obtain
the seal of approval. These strict rules and the
requirement of references and documents
proving qualications ensure that the SANYO
Solar Premium Installer Programme maintains
a high standard of members. The industry has
been a victim of a bandwagon scenario whereby
cowboy solar installers are setting up a makeshift
branch of an existing business, for instance,
builders or plumbers, offering apparently free
solar installation services. These cowboys make
their money by retaining the FiT recompense,
misleading consumers and denying them of
their monetary incentive to go solar. The majority
of reliable, trustworthy installers will not be
affected by these hijackers as they can rely on
their reputation and, for many, their image set
against competitors, but it is wise to be aware of
their underhanded tactics.
We have not noticed any threat from cowboy
installers at present as their work is unrivalled
by the quality of service, experience and
reputation which we pride ourselves on at Eco
Environments.
The added SANYO Solar Premium
Installer Programme status goes a
step further towards eradicating the
threat posed by some of the bad
operators which unfortunately exist in
our industry.
To nd out more about the SANYO Solar
Premium Installer Programme and apply for
the unique accreditation for your business, visit
http://sanyosolarinstaller.com
You can also follow @SANYOSolarPIP on
Twitter to ask SANYO directly about the
programme.
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PV: 2012 FORECAST
is not only unsustainable, it is risky. Table 1 (see page 25) shows
regional shipment (supply) shares over time, appropriately depicting
the rapid rise of manufacturers in China and Taiwan.
PV WILL GO ON, BUT STRUGGLES TO COME
The necessary and long-expected correction has fnally come. It
is uglier than anticipated. Consolidation, bankruptcy and, sadly,
slowing of innovation is the short-term reality while manufacturers
hunker down to survive. The correction will involve both supply
and demand sides of the industry and will be unpleasant.
Figure 2 (above) offers a forecast for three scenarios through 2015.
The conservative forecast is expected for 2012; however, the
reduced incentive forecast is a distinct possibility.
The reality of slower demand at lower prices is lower revenues.
With prices held down artifcially, sales (shipments) will need to
increase signifcantly (accelerated forecast) for there to be revenue
growth. Given current soft demand and low prices,
the correction in PV, which is beginning in earnest in
2012, will stay on the conservative track, and this is an
optimistic view.
Consider this a cautionary tale similar to that
for all commodity industries (and electricity is a
commodity industry).
The current pricing situation is also pressuring
CSP and CPV manufacturers, which must compete
with artifcially low prices. Thin-flm manufacturers
have perhaps the most diffcult time as, over time and
due to the area penalty, these manufacturers need
to price product ~12% lower than higher effciency
crystalline product.
Table 2 (below) offers a technology forecast to
2015 for the conservative and accelerated forecasts
with a breakout for thin flm categories.
At the start of 2012, manufacturers are faced with diffcult
choices: continue selling at prices that do not allow for positive
margins, or shutter production and wait for the current situation
to settle down. With signifcant inventory on the demand side, and
expectations for continued low pricing, the correction is likely to be
long and painful.
Paula Mints is a director in the energy practice and principal
analyst in the solar services programme at Navigant Consulting.
This article is available on line. To comment on it or forward it to
a colleague, visit: www.RenewableEnergyWorld.com
TABLE 2: PV TECHNOLOGY FORECAST TO 2015
Conservative Total Shipments c-Si Shipments Thin Film Thin Film % CdTe % CIGS % a-Si
Shipments MWp MWp Shipments Share %
& history MWp
2007 3073.0 2743.7 329.3 11% 6% 1% 4%
2008 5491.8 4737.1 754.7 14% 8% 1% 5%
2009 7913.3 6571.6 1341.7 17% 13% 1% 3%
2010 17424.3 15089.7 2312.6 13% 8% 2% 3%
2011 22371.7 19239.7 3132.0 14% 8% 3% 3%
2012 18982.0 16514.4 2467.7 13% 9% 2% 2%
2013 19559.7 17017.0 2542.8 13% 9% 2% 2%
2014 20348.2 17296.0 3052.2 15% 10% 2% 3%
2015 21374.0 18167.9 3206.1 15% 10% 2% 3%
Accelerated Total Shipments c-Si Shipments Thin Film
Shipments MWp MWp Shipments
MWp
2011 22371.7 19239.7 3132.0 14% 8% 3% 3%
2012 25470.2 22413.7 3056.4 12% 9% 1% 2%
2013 29272.1 25466.8 3805.4 13% 9% 2% 2%
2014 36541.9 31791.4 4750.4 13% 8% 2% 3%
2015 47438.1 40796.7 6641.3 14% 8% 3% 3%
Figure 2: Accelerated, Conservative and Reduced Incentive Forecast to 2015
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________________
A BIG FUTURE
FOR SMALL WIND
Small wind turbines (less than 100 kW) are used for battery charging, home
purposes, irrigation and small industrial and commercial applications. According
to GlobalDatas small wind turbine market report, the sector has a huge
potential for growth, if government incentives are put in place. Raghunandan
Kothamasu presents the highlights.
GROWTH MEANS NEW
MARKET OPPORTUNITIES
TECHNOLOGY & MARKETS: SMALL WIND TURBINES
Global small wind power generated 310 GWh in 2010
AMPAIR
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17%
YIELD
www.nordex-online.com
The latest turbine in the Nordex Efciency Class repre -
sents a whole new dimension of engineering sophistica-
tion. A 117-metre rotor and minimal noise emission make
it ideal for IEC 3 sites. It provides 17 per cent more yield
and 20 per cent more full-load hours than any previous
products in its category. Thats why we call the N117/2400:
Excellence in Efciency.
N117/2400: THE LOW-WIND SPECIALIST
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W
hile 2011 fgures have yet to come in, we know that the global
small wind turbine market grew from 105.9 MW in 2006 to
275.8 MW in 2010. GlobalDatas recent report, titled Small Wind
Turbines (less than 100kW) Global Market Size, Analysis by Power
Range, Regulations and Competitive Landscape to 2020, predicts
even higher growth in the coming years, spurred by increasing
incentives announced by various governments and by growing end
user awareness. End user price is the most crucial factor affecting the
growth of the market in both developed and developing countries.
Also important are rebate programmes, property tax exemptions,
fnancial incentives, annualised net metering and permitting issues.
According to the World Wind Energy Association (WWEA), it is
diffcult to assess the total number or capacity of small wind turbines,
but in China alone there are roughly 300,000 small wind turbines
generating electricity. In the US, the small wind turbine market grew
53% in 2010 to reach US$139 million; installations totaled 25.6 MW,
up from 20.9 MW in 2009, according to a report by the American
Wind Energy Association (AWEA). RenewableUK identifes over
twenty manufacturers of small wind turbines in the UK alone.
The payback period of a small wind turbine is a major aspect
of owning a system. This period depends largely on wind resource
quality, tower height, siting, prevailing energy costs and turbine
performance. Against this backdrop, with increasing incentives by
governments and increasing energy security concerns, the report
predicts that the small wind market will grow signifcantly from
275.8 MW in 2010 to 3726.5 MW in 2020 at a CAGR of 29.7%.
Global power generation from small wind turbines
increased from 119 GWh in 2006 to 310.3 GWh in 2010
at a CAGR of 27.1%, and is expected to increase from
310.3 GWh in 2010 to 4203.8 GWh by 2020 at a CAGR of 29.8%.
COST ANALYSIS
The report assesses the cost of building a wind turbine according
to its type, size, design and location. Installation cost is affected
by the costs of construction, transportation, location, maintenance
and transformers.
Of the major cost components, up-front or capital cost constitutes
the primary cost of the wind turbine. Other components of the up-
front cost include, for example, the cost of electrical equipment, grid
connection and foundations. Up-front and capital costs constitute
about 75%90% of the total wind farm development cost depending
on the speed of the wind, the supply of wind turbines in the market,
and the arrangement of the wind turbines in the farm.
Land cost or land rent is the second largest component of wind
energy development, constituting about 4% of the total cost. Other
identifed costs relate to electric installations, consultancy, fnancial
costs, non-electrical infrastructure and control systems. Further
development is hampered by a lack of available small to medium
sized turbines. The factors contributing to this limited availability are:
a focus on the development of large turbine models which have a
greater worldwide demand; a lack of hardware availability due to
shortages of raw materials; and diffculty in obtaining certifcation for
establishing new or additional manufacturing capacity.
Installation costs include transportation, construction and
interconnection cost. Transportation costs differ with the size
of the tower: the larger the tower, the greater the transportation
cost will be. New tower technologies such as self-erecting
designs are in development and have the potential to bring down
transportation costs.
Turbine value is also affected by the cost, availability, and supply
of spare parts. Some turbine components, such as gearboxes,
require regular maintenance. The maintenance requirement and
hence the cost of such components also depends on their design.
Tough turbines are designed to operate in extreme weather
conditions but they involve a tradeoff, such as lower effciency
and higher cost. Thus the cost of operating a wind turbine differs
according to weather conditions or location.
GLOBAL MARKET SHARE
Many companies are currently manufacturing small wind turbines.
Globally there are over 250 manufacturers of turbines with a rated
capacity of less than 100 kW. In 2010, Southwest Windpower of the
US sold up to 21.1% of the total number of small wind turbines sold
worldwide. Northern Power Systems with 17.7% and Entegrity Wind
Systems with 8.2% are followed by Southwest Windpower. Bergey
Windpower stands at fourth with 3.9%. As the small wind turbine
market is highly fragmented, other manufacturers total market share
stands at 45.2%.
Proven Energy Ltd of the UK was in ffth place, with a global market
share of 3.9%, throughout 2010. In late 2011, however, the company
entered receivership after the discovery of a technical fault in its
fagship turbine model, the Proven 35-2. According to the company,
the main defect was in the manufacture of the rotor shaft, because
of which blades could fy off under high wind speeds causing severe
safety concerns. It is estimated that Proven Energy sold around
500 turbines of the Proven 35-2 model, which has an average
supply and installation cost of approximately 60,000 (US$92,796).
This technical snag and the subsequent call by the company to shut
down systems led to both capital and revenue losses for end users
(an average lost revenue of 8538 ($13,292) per day). The total
estimated capital cost lost by end users (agricultural sites, commercial
premises and small wind farms) on their investment is around
30 million ($46.7 million). Receivers KPMG sold Proven Energys
business and assets to Kingspan Renewables Ltd in October 2011.
The Proven Energy crisis will be an eye-opener for other
companies operating in the same market space, and there will
be greater emphasis on quality from the consumer end and more
government scrutiny involved in the certifcation of small wind
turbines in the UK. On a macro level Proven Energys problems
illustrate the dependence of FiT projects (usually agreements valid
for over 20 years) on the long-term sustainability of their technology.
This brings the longevity of turbine manufacturers to the foreground,
and this requirement could become an entry barrier to new players.
KEY GLOBAL MARKET DRIVERS
Financial incentives and government policies are the main drivers for
wind uptake. Governments have introduced or are in the process
of formulating policies to promote renewable energy development,
which is the main force behind the explosive growth of the wind
power market worldwide. There are three main markets for small
wind technology.
In the US, the wind market is primarily driven by federal
tax credits and state-level RPS, the key regional market on the
continent. PTCs have traditionally played a vital role in boosting US
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Conference & Exhibition
6 - 8 November 2012
Sandton Convention Centre
Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
www.renewableenergyworldafrica.com
THE NEW FRONTIER FOR
RENEWABLE ENERGY
Owned and Produced by: Presented by:
About Renewable Energy World Africa
Renewable Energy World Africa will be launched alongside POWER-GEN
Africa 2012 on 6 8 November 2012, at the Sandton Convention Centre,
Johannesburg, South Africa, with a dedicated conference stream featuring
three days of presentations and debate about the strategic challenges and
technical solutions for expanding renewable energy power generation across
sub-Saharan Africa.
Exhibitors will have a dedicated Renewable Energy World Africa pavilion on the
show foor which will be a focus of expertise and global technological excellence
in the green energy sector.
For details about exhibiting opportunities at Renewable Energy World Africa,
please contact:
Amanda Kevan
Exhibit Sales Manager
T: +44 (0) 1992 656 645
F: +44 (0) 1992 656 700
E: amandak@pennwell.com
Why Africa?
Countries in sub-Saharan Africa today face a collective power defcit with the
prospect of fast growing future demand. Renewable power generation offers
huge potential to help close this gap in a continent with abundant renewable
resources and space. With technology advancing quickly and manufacturing
costs lowering, renewable power generation will play a big role in a new energy
infrastructure in Africa offering solutions in both rural distributed applications and
large-scale projects such as hydropower, CSP, wind and biomass.
Africa is participating in the fast emerging renewable energy market, with
investment in alternative energy source, growing from $750 million in 2004 to $3.6
billion in 2011.
South Africa has recently announced its rules about renewable energy and plans
to install 8400 MW of solar photovoltaic over the next 20 years, which together
with another 1000 MW of concentrated solar power technology, theoretically will
provide in excess of 60,000 jobs. South Africa is holding fve tenders to allocate
3725 MW valued around $12 billion over the next two years. By 2030, the country
aims to lift renewable sources to 8% of the energy mix, up from less than 1% now.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION PLEASE VISIT WWW.RENEWABLEENERGYWORLDAFRICA.COM
Co-located with:
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_______________________________________
NOW AVAI LABLE!
INTERNATIONAL WIND ENERGY DEVELOPMENT:
SUPPLY CHAIN ASSESSMENT 2012-2015
@2012 Nav|arl Corsu|l|r, lrc. A|| r||ls reserved. Nav|arl Corsu|l|r |s rol a cerl|led puo||c accourl|r lrr ard does rol prov|de aud|l, allesl, or puo||c accourl|r serv|ces.
3ee WWW.rav|arl.cor/||cers|r lor a corp|ele ||sl|r ol pr|vale |rvesl|alor ||cerses.
For more information, or to order the
Supply Chain Assessment 2012-2015, contact:
This 200+ page report is the fourth and most comprehensive Supply Chain Assessment report ever from BTM
Consult A Part of Navigant. The report includes review of hundreds of companies in the wind energy suppl
chain including analysis of capacity, future plans, and the emergence of new facilities.
Report highlights:
Assessment of supply and demand for all major components, including blades, gearboxes, generators
bearings, power converters, transformers, towers, and pitch systems
Supply chain update for key materials, including castings, forgings, reinforcement fbers, resins and
rare-earth metals
The effect of the overwhelming capacity in Chinas supply chain and the resulting supply chain consolidatio
Outline of the challenges faced by the rapidly-expanding offshore segment
Descriptions of ferce competition caused by overcapacity within many key areas
Overview of the latest supply chain strategies from the worlds Top-10 turbine OEMs in response to slumping demand
birger.madsen@navigant.com
er.krogsgaard@navi ant.com
O fce: +45 97 32 52 99 Or go to: www.navigant.com/supplychainreport
wind power capacity, making the country the largest wind power
market in the world. The extension of PTCs for three years and the
introduction of federal ITCs in 2009 are expected to fuel the growth
of wind installations in the US. High up-front cost has been the
major concern among small wind power users. Financial incentives
reducing installation and operation costs are the key to stimulating
interest among buyers. The introduction of ITCs is expected to give
a huge boost to the small wind industry, while policies targeted at
reducing investment costs will be effective in increasing mid-sized
wind installations.
The introduction of ITCs is expected to give
a huge boost to the small wind industry
Following the EUs Renewable Energy Directive (RED), which
set a binding 20% renewable energy target by 2020, renewables
should provide 35% of Europes power by that year. Wind power
is expected to beneft the most from the RED as Europe has the
resources and technical expertise in this area to take advantage
of the legislation. Other country-specifc measures for promoting
wind power have also played important roles in the development
of the industry in Europe. For instance, fnancial support under
the Renewables Obligation (RO) is a driver in the UKs wind
power market.
In the Asia Pacifc region, government support is also driving
wind energy growth. Chinas installed capacity has doubled every
year since 2006, due primarily to supportive government policies. In
2006 the government introduced the Renewable Energy Law which
has driven the Chinese market to date. This law, along with other
policy measures such as the Medium and Long-Term Development
Plan for Renewable Energy introduced in 2007, is driving the market
even further. Additionally, many states in India also have FiT schemes
and RPS in place, and many states are adopting these policies to
drive wind energy growth.
KEY CHALLENGES
Lack of suffcient grid infrastructure, administrative hurdles and
supply chain bottlenecks can hamper the growth of the wind market.
In terms of the grid, upgrading old electricity infrastructure and the
construction of new infrastructure to meet future transmission and
distribution demands will be a major challenge for wind power
development. The development of a new grid infrastructure requires
massive investment and time, which could decrease wind power
growth in the medium term. And wind farms are usually developed in
far fung areas that are sparsely populated and do not have adequate
transmission lines to connect their capacity to the grid; this has led
to idle capacity in many countries such as the US and China.
Complicated zoning requirements, the lack of tax credits
globally, unsatisfactory product performance, supply chain issues
and the lack of net metering policies in many countries for small- to
medium-sized wind will be the key challenges restricting growth in
the future. Poor permitting practices and unnecessarily restrictive
regulations are the major market barriers discouraging customer
interest and investment. Streamlining the permitting process will
p g
f
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____________
be crucial in ensuring that the growth of wind installations is not
hampered due to administrative issues.
In addition, the rapid growth of the wind energy sector worldwide
has put unprecedented pressure on manufacturers of turbine
components such as towers, rotor blades, gearboxes, bearings
and generators. For some years the industry has been struggling to
keep up with this ever-increasing demand. There is currently a lead
time of up to two years for developers of wind farms to wait for the
required equipment.
MAJOR MARKET TRENDS
The small wind market is relatively less mature than large wind,
with the US being the only country with a considerable presence
in the small wind sector. With a signifcant number of small wind
turbine manufacturers worldwide, the intensity of competition
currently remains at a medium level. This presents an opportunity
for new players to capture the market, thus competition is expected
to intensify in future. Small wind turbines are mainly purchased
by homeowners and small businesses. Price sensitivity for this
segment remains considerably high, as the cost of installing a small
wind turbine is directly comparable to costs associated with fossil
fuels and other forms of renewable energy. High up-front costs have
been a major barrier restricting small wind uptake.
As the small wind industry grows, companies are becoming more
conscious about building a good brand name. In the last few years
GlobalData has found many instances of manufacturers making
false claims about turbine performance and quality standards.
This has led to an increase in end user preference for maintenance
and warranty periods. With certifcation agencies establishing
performance standards and certifying turbines, it is expected that
maintenance requirements will decrease.
The impressive future growth rates projected for the
50100 kW turbine market will put a huge strain on the supply chain,
and leading companies will need to invest more in their manufacturing
facilities to meet rising demand. The policy attractiveness for small
wind systems is rated as low, as government support is present in
just a few countries such as the US and the UK. With a shifting of
interest and policy support towards large capacity wind turbines,
policy attractiveness for turbines rated at less than 100 kW will be low
in future. Capital investment costs remain relatively high compared
to volumes due to the sophisticated technology required for small
wind turbine production. Furthermore, investment potential in the
sector is seen as medium due to rising demand for large turbines.
As a result, small wind will witness decreasing interest among the
private equity community, and this will result in low investments in
small wind turbine companies.
Raghunandan Kothamasu is an analyst with the alternative energy
team at GlobalData.
e-mail: info@globaldata.com
This article is available on line. To comment on it or forward it to a
colleague, visit: www.RenewableEnergyWorld.com
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POLICY & MARKETS: ITALY
N
ever one to do anything by half-measures, a somewhat surprising
legacy of ex-Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconis government has
been to send installed capacity in Italys photovoltaic (PV) market
soaring through the roof. Reacting to a resounding public vote against
nuclear power in 2011, a fourth edition of feed-in-tariffs (FiTs) was
announced for the sector and though somewhat reduced, they were
still high enough to keep Italys PV counter ticking faster than ever.
According to Gestore dei Servizi Energetici (GSE), the agency which
supports the development of renewable energy on behalf of the Italian
treasury, Italy had reached 10 GW of PV capacity by September, a
calculation based on applications for incentives. By 3 January 2012
this fgure ballooned to 12.5 GW at a cumulative annual cost of
5.4 billion and over 319,000 installations.
However, a recent report published by KPMG Advisory in
Italy, which documents the remarkable growth of Italys renewable
energy market, is emphatic that while these technologies present
an attractive solution for a secure energy supply with reduced
import dependence, the incentive mechanisms which have been so
instrumental to sector growth are unsustainable.
In late November 2011, Investing in Renewables: Trends,
Opportunities and Perspectives was frst presented to an audience
of around 50 key sector players. According to Gianpaolo Attanasio,
the associate partner responsible for the report, the audience
had two major concerns: stability of regulations for the future
and fear that a sharp reduction in future subsidisation of the
sector could halt investment activity and lead to delocalisation to
the neighbouring countries of Eastern Europe. Indeed, with an
unexpectedly new technocratic government in place, a scheduled
talk by the representative of the Ministry of Economic Development
was cancelled. The concerns are not about the evolution of the
regulation itself, says Attanasio, but about the mid-term stability of
this regulation. The big concern in the past was that every 12 months
the regulation kept changing.
As described by Attanasio, the report was driven by two
motivations: to defne quantitative scenarios for green certifcates
for the wind, biomass and mini-hydro sectors based on realistic
assumptions, and to paint a complete picture of Italys renewable
energy landscape for potential investors. The comprehensive report
WHAT WILL HAPPEN
TO ITALIAN FITS?
All eyes are on the Italian government to see what will happen to the nations
renewable energy incentives under the new technocratic regime. Rachana
Raizada takes us through a new KPMG report which paints a complete picture of
Italys current renewable energy landscape for potential investors.
NEW GOVERNMENT, NEW MARKET
Have Italian subsidies for the renwables sector
been too high from a long-term perspective?
ENEL GREEN POWER
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VERONA, ITALY
MAY 7-8, 2012
4
th
edition
italianpvsummit.com
platinum sponsor gold sponsor
GLOBAL OUTLOOK
Short-term outlook for cell and module markets:
room for a further plunge in prices?
M&A, partnerships, transition from manufacturing
to system integration: current trends in the consolidation
of the international PV industry
Domestic content clauses, state aid les, dumping les:
hottest issues in the Europe - America - Far East
erce competition challenge
2013-2016, achievement of the grid parity (Italy being on
the forefront): the cost roadmap of the global PV players,
the convergence of the analysts
Time to market of the emerging markets
ITALY OUTLOOK
The unprecedented boom of 2011 installations:
Italy shines brightest as the worlds rst PV market
Regional burden sharing, streamlining the permitting and
grid access, energy storage: further conditions for growth
The impact of a massive solar generation on the electricity
market price: counterbalancing the cost of the incentives?
Bank deleveraging, the secondary market of PV plants,
the nancing needs of new business models:
the nancing climate for PV amid risks of credit crunch
Efcient production scale, downstream integration,
internationalisation: challenges for the Italian PV industry
summarises the history of incentives for the sector; benchmarks
some of the key players, and touches on more specifc issues such
as reaching grid parity, project fnancing and M&A activity.
Italian attitudes towards renewable energy are not politically
polarised, and it is generally seen as an attractive solution for energy
autonomy given the countrys reliance on imports for 97% of its
gross domestic energy needs. In 2009 energy from non-fossil fuel
sources (including hydro over 1 MW) accounted for 11% of energy
consumption. Limiting the analysis to domestic electrical energy
production, however, Italy, with its absence of nuclear power, is
highly dependent on thermo-electric generation (77% in 2009). In
2011 Italy generated approximately one-quarter of its electricity from
non-fossil fuel energy sources, with large-scale hydro accounting for
the lions share.
The KMPG defnition of renewables excluding hydro over 1 MW
describes technologies used to generate electrical energy without
use of fossil fuels or nuclear power and, most importantly, as
not having reached grid parity and therefore in need of incentives
(wind, PV, biomass and biogas, geothermal and mini hydro). By this
defnition, in 2010, of 106 GW of electrical generation capacity and
an annual production of 299 TWh, thermal electricity generation,
hydro and renewables accounted for 74%, 17% and 9% of national
electrical energy production respectively while having 71%, 16% and
12% of capacity. From 2005 to 2010, production from traditional
thermal electric generation actually decreased by 10%, while hydros
share increased by 40% and that of renewables by 100%.
During these years, as the economic recession led to decreased
electricity consumption, renewables reaped the advantage of their
dispatch priority at the expense of traditional thermal electricity
generation. From 2005 to 2010, the contribution of renewables to
domestic electricity generation increased from 5% to 9%.
The PV incentive scheme seems to have been successful
in decentralising power production. While in 2010 there were
871 thermal electric installations and about 1000 for hydroelectricity,
renewable energy sources accounted for 159,000 installations, with
PV alone accounting for 98% of these.
Based on data from Terna S.p.A, the owner and operator of
the national high-voltage electricity transmission grid, the report
spotlights the remarkable growth rates of the PV, wind and bioenergy
sectors. From 2005 to 2010, installed capacity in PV increased from
7 to 3500 MW a CAGR of 246% compared to a CAGR of 29%
for wind which, with almost 6 MW of installed capacity in 2010,
accounted for 45% of renewable energy production capacity.
When it comes to actual electricity production, however, wind,
geothermal and bioenergy carry the day. In 2010 geothermal, with
only 6% of capacity, accounted for 19% of electricity generation while
bioenergy, with 18% of capacity, accounted for 34% of production,
refecting the relatively higher load factors of these technologies.
Wind accounted for 32% of electricity generation, mini-hydro for 8%,
with PV accounting for the lowest share at 7% or 1.9 TWh.
Though some form of renewable electricity generation is present
in all 20 Italian regions (the highest-level administrative divisions of
the state), the distribution of renewable technologies throughout Italy
refects its diverse geography. In the northern macro-region which
includes the Alps, the major industrial centres and the agricultural
plains of Lombardy, Piedmont and Veneto, bio-energy and mini-
hydro account for 64% and 25% of electricity generation from
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renewable resources. In the central part of the country, on the other
hand, geothermal resources are the major renewable electricity
generator, accounting for 77% of production, all of it concentrated
in Tuscany. In the windy south (the macro-region is defned to also
include Sicily and Sardinia in addition to the southern regions),
bioenergy accounts for 28% and wind power for 65%.
The southern macro-region, as defned in the report, accounted
for half of renewable electricity generation in 2010. Tuscany alone
accounts for a ffth of Italian renewable electricity generation followed
by Puglia (13.6%) and Sicily and Lombardy with approximately 9%
each. Wind is an important resource in the two southern regions
whereas in Lombardy, where the highly polluted air rarely moves, the
major contributor is bioenergy.
While this uneven development is largely attributed to the terrain
and climate, the report suggests it may also refect the fact that
complicated regulatory processes and grid connection requirements
can vary considerably from region to region.
One of the main original contributions of the report is a section
benchmarking a sample of 25 companies operating in the Italian
market based on publicly available fnancial data. The companies
were chosen as being key players and have been categorised
into three clusters. The frst consists of eight traditional energy
players (of which three are Italian) with divisions for renewable
energy: Enel Green Power (really the major player), Alpiq, BKW,
EDF Energies Nouvelles, Edison, E.ON Climate & Renewables,
International Power (GDF Suez) and Sorgenia. The second cluster
is composed of nine Italian industrial players which have diversifed
into renewables. The fnal cluster, designated startup, is a catch-all
term for some independent companies which, by and large, focus
on the development of renewable energy. Warning that this is a
dynamic business with very heterogenous players and that its a
model diffcult to depict unequivocally, the report offers a summary
of proftability and diversifcation of these major players.
The total sample accounted for around 5400 MW of installed
capacity in 2010 or 43% of national renewable energy capacity. Of
this, the group of eight traditional energy companies account for
24% of national installed capacity while the other two clusters each
account for around one-tenth. The major energy players are found
to be providing almost 100% of geothermal electricity generation
(monopolised by Enel Green Power), 69% of wind power capacity
(4000 MW) and 20% of bioenergy.
The bioenergy sector shows a medium level of concentration
with the fve largest operators accounting for 17% of national
capacity while the PV market is extremely fragmented: the fve
largest account for only 4% of installed capacity as a result of
the low capital cost of entry. The sample collectively accounted
for 30% of renewable electricity production in 2010 or around
8700 GWh. The sample companies focus their electricity production
in the southern macro region where the companies in clusters two
and three have 94% of their installed capacity.
For Attanasio, one of the surprising fndings of the study
is the relatively high yield of investments in this sector. While
acknowledging that it is not possible to estimate the unique
contribution of renewables from overall corporate activities for most
of the traditional energy companies in the frst cluster (for example,
Enel Green Power), the analysis fnds that the ratio of proftability
(as measured by EBITDA margins to revenues) is relatively high
for clusters two and three. While the majority of companies have
revenues under 100 million, the EBITDA margin falls between
35% and 90% with a solitary exception.
Attanasio feels that this points to subsidies for the sector as
having been too high from a long-term perspective. Installed capacity,
particularly in the PV and wind sectors, has rocketed between 2005
and 2010 but at what cost? The report emphasises that it has
been diffcult to achieve equilibrium between continued fnancial
support and the attainment of grid parity.
The analysis clearly identifes how sector growth rates do not
necessarily correlate with contribution to renewable electricity
generation, as in the case of PV with its phenomenal growth rates
and low contribution. Attanasio believes that what the country needs
is a comprehensive national energy policy, not a hastily cobbled
patchwork of incentives for various renewable energy sources.
Currently there are two basic types of incentives: market
incentives (Green Certifcates) and administrative mechanisms
such as the all-inclusive tariff and FiTs. The Green Certifcate
scheme applies to all renewable energy sources (except PV) and
to all installations which commenced operations before the end of
this year. Energy is sold at the market price plus the value of the
incentive as determined by the market; the incentive has a 15-year
lifespan. However, as this mechanism is gradually being phased
out to be replaced with FiTs, for Attanasio the key issue now is the
uncertainty surrounding incentives for wind and biomass. In the past
energy policy was often heavily infuenced by key players, but with a
government that seems to be taking snap decisions before it can be
infuenced, it remains to be seen how the battle will play out.
Distribution of renewable technologies in Italys regions
KPMG
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Another scheme, the all-inclusive tariff, offers smaller
renewable electricity generators from all sources (except PV) an
alternative to the Green Certifcate Scheme whereby the energy is
sold at a price that includes the incentive. The size cutoff depends
on the technology: 1 MW for bioenergy, cogeneration, mini-hydro,
tidal energy and geothermal and up to 200 kW for onshore wind
installations. The incentive applies to installations which enter into
operation before the end of this year, and has a duration of 15 years.
The PV sector, on the other hand, has been supported through
FiTs, with the rates varying through successive plans (Conto
Energia). The most recent and fourth version (IV Conto Energia),
announced in May 2011, once again redefned 20-year incentives
for PV installations which commence operations before the
end of 2016. (All of these schemes were preceded by CIP6 from
1992 to 1999. With a 15-year lifespan it will end soon, and thus
doesnt apply to new market entrants).
The incentive schemes have been costly: increasing from
1.7 billion in 2008 to 3.4 billion in 2010 and to an estimated
6.4 billion in 2011. Of this cost, 80% is the so-called A3
component, shouldered by the fnal consumer through electricity
bills. Given the unpopular austerity measures announced by
the new government, how long will the public continue to
support this sector?
Alarm bells have rung for the PV sector, which saw incentive
costs spiral from 110 million in 2008 to an estimated 3.5 billion in
2011. In contrast, the cost of the Green Certifcate scheme doubled
from 615 million in 2008 to an estmated 2.1 billion in 2011. While
installed capacity has doubled, the cost of the incentives has more
or less quadrupled. PV is singled out as being under-optimised
given the high level of expenditure per TWh.
Notwithstanding these criticisms, however, the report
outlines how the renewable energy sector has been popular as
a cautious investor choice for project fnancing, second only to
telecommunications in terms of the value of fnancing. The countrys
two major banks, Unicredit and Intesa Sanpaolo, together account
for a third of the total number of projects fnanced and just over 40%
of the cumulative value of 50 billion fnanced until the frst half of
2010. However, given the future uncertainty related to incentives,
Attanasio believes there may be a shift towards leasing or corporate
fnancing in the future.
Now all eyes are on the new government to see what will happen.
The new Minister of Economic Development specialises in leading
companies, most recently in banking. His counterpart at the Ministry
of Environment was until recently the Ministrys director general. Hes
a specialist in workplace and public health who has been involved
in environmentally sustainable initiatives throughout his career. They
are described as having little in common except their frst name:
Corrado. But in the Russian roulette of Italian politics, just perhaps
it will be enough.
Rachana Raizada is a freelance journalist focusing on the
energy sector.
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____________
BIOENERGY: CONVERTING FROM COAL
CONVERTING
TO BIOENERGY
With legislation increasingly tough on coal-burning plants, many are switching to renewable fuels to ensure
longevity. But supply chain issues may prevent some plants from undertaking the conversion process.
Tim Probert profles the UKs Tilbury power station, a 1960s coal plant which has become the worlds largest
biomass plant, and talks to Drax about the potential to convert its 4 GW coal plant.
BENEFITS AND CHALLENGES
The critical aspect of whether other coal plants in the UK and elsewhere can convert to biomass is fuel supply. DRAX
T
o describe the British town of Tilbury as a green beacon would
require a stretch of the imagination. Home to Londons main
container port and an unsightly 1960s concrete-slab power plant,
with a curious smell emanating from the nearby sewage works,
Tilbury epitomises twentieth century grit, clank, smoke and soot.
Yet a beacon of green energy is exactly what Tilbury power
station has become. In December 2011, Tilbury B, a 1062 MW
coal-fred plant opened in 1967, was successfully converted to a
742 MW biomass plant. Tilbury thus became the largest biomass
burning power generation facility in the world, beating the previous
coal-to-biomass record holder, GDF Suezs 180 MW Rodenhuize
plant in Belgium, by some distance.
Rather than invest in fue gas desulphurisation and other
emissions reduction measures, owner RWE npower opted
Tilbury out of the European Commissions Large Combustion
Plant Directive (LCPD) in 2007, restricting the plant to a further
20,000 operating hours between 2008 and 2015.
Having conducted trials in September 2010 to prove the
technical feasibility of burning biomass exclusively in a coal unit,
RWE npower took the decision to convert the plants three 350 MW
units to biomass two months later.
Tilbury B generated its last kilowatt hour from coal on 4 March
2011. In the nine months between coal and biomass generation,
Tilburys engineering manager Dave Dyson worked frantically to
ensure the plant can burn 2.3 million tonnes of wood pellets, enough
for the remaining 8000 hours, by 31 March 2013, when the number
of Renewable Obligation Certifcates (ROCs) allocated to biomass
conversion plants reduces from 1.5 to 1.
A FINANCIALLY BOLD DECISION
Dyson says the decision to convert Tilbury B to biomass was brave.
The cost of the conversion is in the tens of millions, but the value at
risk is in the hundreds of millions, he says.
We had fxed-price coal contracts and forward power prices
set. Virtually all the power produced from coal was sold forward. We
had to unwind all those contracts and that secure income. Instead
weve taken on contracts for 2.3 million tonnes of wood without
having proven we can use it.
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Burning coal, Tilbury would operate near baseload in the winter
months of December, January and February, two-shifting in spring
and autumn, with often no units running for weeks at a time in
summer. Over the course of a year, this would amount to around
4500 hours. In order to use up the 8000 hours by 31 March next
year and avoid a fnancial hit of around 20/MWh (US$31.14/MWh),
however, Tilbury will run at sub-optimal periods, that is, when the
price of electricity is low.
Dark spreads [the theoretical gross income produced by the
sale of a unit of electricity, less the cost of the fuel to produce the
electricity] could be vastly lower than under a purely commercially
driven aspect, but we need to burn the hours up, says Dyson.
At times our revenues from the power price may be barely above
the ROC price.
TILBURYS MAJOR ADVANTAGE
The design life of the conversion may be only 8000 hours, but
surprisingly little was spent on converting Tilbury from coal to biomass.
The UKs Drax coal power plant, for example, spent 80 million
($125 million) on new biomass burners and fuel conveying and
fltering equipment, plus a railway upgrade which will enable the
plant to co-fre up to 10% biomass, or around one million tonnes
per year.
Tilbury has one distinct advantage for biomass conversion: its
own jetty on the river Thames, which can accommodate Panamax
class vessels of up to 60,000 tonnes and saves an estimated
30 million ($47 million) per year in rail freight costs. Dysons
biggest challenge is dust and most of the investment was spent on
equipment that mitigates dustiness, including two new Kone ship
unloaders, as the existing ones were too abrasive; an elutriator, or
particle separator; and a dedicated pipeline which pneumatically
conveys dust to the furnace.
Due to the lower calorifc content and bulk
density of biomass versus coal, generation
capacity is reduced by around 30%
While coal is typically stored outdoors in huge heaps, biomass
needs to be kept dry. Unlike Drax and other biomass co-fring coal
plants, there is no virtually no biomass stored onsite at Tilbury.
Instead the wood pellets arrive on a vessel and are unloaded and
burned during the course of a week. Once the ships payload is
empty and it departs, another vessel arrives within hours and the
process starts again.
Dyson explains: We store only enough onsite to see through
the few hours where there is no ship on the jetty, around six hours
margin, so we have to have a slick, just-in-time shipping turnaround.
I suspect the fuel handling team will have signifcantly less hair by
April 2013!
IMPACT ON EFFICIENCY AND EMISSIONS
Due to the lower calorifc content and bulk density of biomass versus
coal, Tilburys generation capacity is reduced by around 30% to
742 MW, which in turn reduces the thermal effciency of the plant to
35.3% from 37%.
Physical changes to the combustion system are more tweaks
than transformation; small modifcations have been made to the fuel
mills, feeders and burners. When biomass is put through the grinder,
it splinters and chips, not breaking down into a fne dust like coal.
Combined with the lower calorifc value, this causes the burners to
respond differently.
Therefore, the plants low NOx
burners have been modifed to
ensure a more stable fame and to minimise the required amount of
support fuel, tall oil. This is achieved by creating a fuel mixing zone
(and therefore a fame) nearer to the front of the burner.
Corrosion is also a challenge for biomass conversions. The high
chlorine content will corrode and diminish the existing boiler fuel
pipes. As operation is limited to 8000 hours, however, this is not
expected to present a major problem.
Based on the results of the biomass trial in September
2010, Dyson expects NO
x
emissions to fall from 480 mg/m
3
to
220 mg/m
3
, SO
x
to fall from 800 mg/m
3
to 200 mg/m
3
, and
the volume of ash produced from 40,000 tonnes/TWh to
4000 tonnes/TWh. Lifecycle carbon dioxide emissions are predicted
fall from 0.81 million tonnes/TWh to 0.110.18 million tonnes/TWh,
a 78%87% reduction.
TILBURY & BIOMASS A ONE-OFF?
As things stand, Tilbury B will close once the 8000 hours have been
used up. In July 2010, RWE npower submitted an environmental
assessment scoping report to the UK Infrastructure Planning
Commission for Tilbury C, a proposed 2000 MW combined cycle
gas turbine and 400 MW open cycle gas turbine plant. This replaced
RWEs previous proposal to build a 1600 MW supercritical coal plant
with carbon capture and storage (CCS).
RWE, however, is also considering the possibility of re-permitting
and re-consenting Tilbury B to enable it to continue to operate as
a dedicated biomass plant beyond the LCPD limit. Phase II would
be a completely different proposition and we wont make a decision
until well into the second quarter of 2012, explains Dyson.
It would require a vast upgrade to meet more stringent NOx
and
SO
x
emissions standards and we still have to work out if biomass is
commercially viable with just one ROC. Phase II totally depends on
plant and environmental performance of Phase I.
Dyson says the critical aspect of whether other coal plants in
the UK and elsewhere can convert to biomass is fuel supply. In
theory there is no technical reason why other coal plants couldnt
replicate Tilbury but whether they could be as much of a commercial
Biomass is more expensive than coal and trying to get enough of
it to an inland power station is a challenge. Most European plants
will have the same problem. DRAX
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Drax currently co-fres up to 8% biomass, burning approximately 1.2 million tonnes in 2011, mostly wood chips, straw pellets, oat
and sunfower seed husks. DRAX
success is doubtful. The big question concerns fuel supply logistics.
Biomass is more expensive than coal and trying to get enough of it
to an inland power station is a challenge. Most European plants will
have the same problem.
SOURCING FUEL: THE CENTRAL ISSUE
Around 30% of Tilbury Bs biomass is sourced from RWEs own
750,000 tonnes/year wood pelletisation plant in the US city of
Waycross, Georgia; a further 50% will come from the US and
Canada. The remaining 20% comes from Europe, either the Baltic
States or southern Europe. All fuel is debarked softwood pellets.
Dyson believes it is unlikely RWE will develop a similar biomass
facility in the UK. Sustainability is an issue in Europe. It doesnt have
the same scale as the US. If we could source biomass sustainably
in the UK we would do so, but there are no obvious opportunities to
develop that at present.
According to consultancy frm McKinsey, however, there should
be no shortage of sustainable biomass. In a 2010 report, Sustainable
Bioenergy, McKinsey concluded there is enough land available for
biomass to exceed currently mandated consumption levels by a
factor of two by 2020, even after all other needs were met, i.e. food
and feed crops; domestic frewood; projected demand from the
forest products industry; no deforestation; and only environmentally
sustainable use of virgin land.
Furthermore, the market is responding to greater demand
for biomass. In November 2011, the Dutch energy exchange
APX-ENDEX launched the worlds frst biomass exchange. At
present the Amsterdam-based exchange trades only non-cleared
products where the physical settlement is arranged bilaterally
by the counterparties, but later this year it will offer clearing
services for wood pellet contracts, providing fnancial security to
market participants.
The exchange has been developed in co-operation with the Port
of Rotterdam, which is expecting a boom in biomass handling due to
the Dutch governments Energy Report 2011 that will make biomass
co-fring at coal plants mandatory. According to Koen Overtoom,
commercial director of the Port of Amsterdam, the Netherlands,
Germany, Scandinavia and the UK will require 15 million tonnes
per year of biomass by 2020. Of that fgure, Dutch ports will handle
13.5 million tonnes, up from 1.5 million tonnes at present, with the
Port of Amsterdam alone accounting for 6 million tonnes.
DRAX A TOTALLY DIFFERENT CONVERSION PROPOSITION
At 3960 MW, Drax is the second largest power plant in Europe.
Unlike Tilbury, Drax complied with the LCPD, thus allowing it
to run without restriction. In 2016, however, another European
regulation, the Industrial Emissions Directive (IED), will force coal
plants to install selective catalytic reduction (SCR), which removes
NOx
from fue gases.
The cost of IED compliance for each of the plants six 660 MW
coal units would probably run to hundreds of millions of pounds.
Throw in the UK Treasurys carbon foor price and full auctioning
of Phase III European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS)
carbon permits and one can see why Draxs production director
Peter Emery is considering other fuel options.
Drax currently co-fres up to 8% biomass, burning approximately
1.2 million tonnes in 2011, mostly wood chips, straw pellets, oat
and sunfower seed husks, and it is now considering converting the
entire plant to biomass. When it became clear that UK government
policy was not just pricing carbon into power production via the EU
ETS but also the carbon foor price, we felt we had to do something
radical, says Emery.
If we cant compete in a world post-2016 with a very high carbon
price we would opt out of the IED. Plants like Tilbury which opted out
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of the LCPD may just close rather than convert to biomass. Plants
that opted in may fnd that the economics stack up. So biomass will
enable us to be competitive and enable us to develop the business.
Drax is converting one of its 660 MW units to biomass. If it was to
convert fully, says Emery, the capacity of each unit would be reduced
to around 500 MW, each burning 2.53 million tonnes per year.
Sourcing this volume of biomass would be a major challenge:
Drax is unable to source enough biomass at the right price in order
to co-fre the permitted 12.5% limit, let alone a 100% conversion.
The biomass market isnt there, and sourcing it is not as simple
as having a group of traders with telephones, Emery explains. Were
having to negotiate deals to build pellet plants and set up shipping
contracts, or encourage British farmers to grow miscanthus, willow
or eucalyptus. Could we get hold of 1518 million tonnes of biomass
tomorrow? Yes. But biomass that has been harvested, pelleted and
processed for power plants? Clearly not. Our challenge is to develop
the supply chain, which may take 2030 years.
Drax wants the UK government to think again about reducing
the number of ROCs allocated to biomass conversions. Theres a
massive potential for biomass to be industrialised in Britain and the
ROCs would help us to develop the infrastructure. If the government
commits to a frm biomass policy over the next 1520 years, the rest
will follow.
CONVERSION = ADDICTION TO SUBSIDY?
Based on 2010 generation of 26.4 TWh at an average power price of
51.60/MWh ($80.33) and burning 15 million tonnes of biomass at
80100/tonne ($124$156), Drax could expect revenues
(including one ROC) to comfortably outstrip the higher fuel costs by
hundreds of millions, even with the anticipated 25% drop in output.
Add in exemptions from the EU ETS and the carbon foor price, and
biomass conversion looks attractive.
But converting to 100% biomass would mean Drax is reliant on
subsidy to be commercially viable. Is it fair to ask British taxpayers
to keep Drax alive this way? This is about starting a brand new
industry, says Emery. The idea is not to generate super profts
versus coal, but to give an adequate return on investment for burning
biomass. The government has got renewables targets to hit, it wants
to reduce CO2
, and the beauty of co-fring and unit conversion is that
its cheap. Its broadly half the cost of offshore wind and broadly in
parity with onshore wind, but biomass is also fully dispatchable. The
taxpayer would think thats very fair.
Is Drax doomed without biomass? We are not doomed, but the
direction of government policy means that coal-fred generation in its
current guise is doomed. Biomass gives us a route to market with
cost-effective low-carbon generation.
As REW goes to press, German utility E.ON has announced
that it plans to convert one of two 500 MW units at its coal-fred
Ironbridge power plant in the UK to biomass, with the option to
convert the second unit at a later date. The utility has applied for
planning permission to build a fuel store on-site. The plant chose to
opt out of the LCPD, and will open in 2013.
Tim Probert is a freelance journalist focusing on the energy
sector.
Tilburys jetty on the river Thames, which can accommodate Panamax class vessels of up to 60,000 tonnes, saves an estimated
30 million ($47 million) per year in rail freight costs. RWE NPOWER
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__________________________________________________
POLICY & MARKETS: SOLAR THERMAL PROCESS HEAT
SOLAR PROCESS
HEAT FOR EUROPE
Solar thermal systems have enormous potential to be used in industry. About 30% of total industrial
heat demand is at temperature levels below 100C, which can be provided with commercially available
solar thermal collectors. However, the global and European markets are very much in their infancy; only
a few hundred installations currently exist. Christiane Egger and Christine hlinger discuss the
SO-PRO project, which aims to tackle these barriers and to trigger the startup of markets for solar
process heat in six European regions.
DEVELOPING THE MARKET
Upper Austria is one of the leading solar thermal regions in
the world, with 0.8 m of solar thermal installed per capita.
Upper Austria has committed to installing 3 million m of
solar thermal by 2030, which will equate to 2.2 m per capita.
SO-PRO
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U
sing solar thermal process heat in European industrial processes
presents manifold benefts. It will support companies in long-
term cost stability of their hot water provision and thereby contribute
to their competitiveness; it will open up a new business feld for
the renewable energy industry and thereby promote business
development and green jobs; and it will contribute to the energy,
climate and environmental goals of the EU, its Member States, its
regions and cities.
However, in order to realise this potential and to deliver these
benefts, signifcant existing market barriers for solar process
heat must be overcome. One problem is the economic viability of
solar process heat installations, which is often due among other
reasons to very low prices for fossil fuels in industry and the
short payback periods for investments expected in many industrial
companies. Also, in an early phase of market development, costs
for planning and setup tend to be high due to the lack of experience
of the companies involved.
Then there is the no interest no know-how no market
problem. There is a great lack of information across the value chain
because, frstly, solar companies often lack an understanding of
the complexity of industrial processes and system integration as
well as the skills for successful marketing to industrial companies.
Secondly, specialists in industrial energy systems generally
know very little about solar thermal technologies. They tend to
overestimate the costs and to underestimate the energy production,
and therefore have no experience in system integration. Also,
management in industrial companies is not aware of the possibility
of using solar thermal for industrial processes and therefore does not
ask planners to include this option in their offers. And there is a lack
of standardised solutions and communication among these groups:
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__________
policymakers at European, national and regional levels are generally
not aware of solar process heat.
The project Solar Process Heat SO-PRO aimed to tackle
these barriers and to trigger the startup of markets for solar process
heat in six European regions, most of which feature colder climates
(Upper Austria, the regions of Castillas y Madrid in Spain, South
Bohemia in the Czech Republic, North-Rhine Westphalia and
Saxony in Germany and the Maribor region in Slovenia). The project
was supported by the Intelligent Energy Europe programme and
co-ordinated by O.. Energiesparverband, the energy agency of
Upper Austria.
PROMISING APPLICATIONS
SO-PRO focused its activities on low-temperature industrial
processes which are suitable to be supplied by solar thermal
collectors. Promising processes include cleaning and washing,
heating of baths and vessels, and drying as well as heating of
make-up water for steam networks. These processes are used
very frequently in a wide range of industries. Special attention
was paid to continuous open processes with no mass or heat
recovery, since they can have a high potential for the integration of
solar thermal.
For the economic viability of solar process heat, the load profle
of the process is crucial. Heat demand should occur on at least
fve days of the week and also during the summer months. Other
important factors for solar heat integration include the available
temperature levels in the plant as well as the process temperature
itself, often economically best if below 50C. Solar thermal energy
can be directly integrated into the processes or into the heat
distribution network.
Within the SO-PRO project, self-assessment checklists were
developed which would allow decision-makers in industry to make
a preliminary analysis of whether solar thermal could be suitable
for their processes. The checklists were split into two steps. The
K.O. criteria included the questions: Does the company need
process heat below 100? Is space available to install solar thermal
collectors at the company site? Is this space oriented towards
south/south-east/south-west or on a fat roof? Does the company
use fossil fuels for process heat during summer months? If any
of the K.O questions are answered with no, it is rather unlikely
that solar process heat will be economically feasible in most
European climates.
The O.K. criteria included the questions: Is process heat
required from March to September? At least during fve days per
week? Are there plans for reconstruction/expansion at the site
during the coming years? Is heat recovery from other processes
technically or economically impossible? Is a payback period of more
than fve years for energy investments acceptable? Is there a general
interest in the use of renewable energy sources?
Additionally, a design guide on integrating solar thermal into
industrial processes was developed by Fraunhofer ISE and adapted
by the partners to their regional contexts. The design guide includes
load profles, nomograms and system concepts for the four
applications (heating of hot water for washing or cleaning; heating
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EUROPEAN EXAMPLES
Montesano: Iberic products in Spain
Montesano specialises in meat products and is well-known for its Iberic ham.
As in many food industries, the production process requires large amounts of
warm water for cleaning and washing processes. A solar thermal system of
252 m was installed in Jerez de los Caballeros, with two 15,000 litre buffer storages.
The investment costs were 175,000, with a payback time of about seven years.
SOVEN: Sheep wool processing in Slovenia
SOVEN is a sheep wool processing company in Selnica ob Dravi. Its hot water demand
is mostly for washing, sanitising and colouring processes, which require temperatures
of 4045C. A solar thermal system with 7 m was installed. Investment costs were
about 5500. The annual solar fraction is calculated to be 70%.
Hustert Galvanik: Electroplating in Germany
Hustert Galvanik in Rahden specialises in surface treatment and electroplating
(galvanising). A solar thermal installation with 221 m (vacuum tubes) was installed,
supporting the heating process for the industrial baths which require 80C.
The solar fraction is expected to be about 40%. Total investment costs were
about 160,000.
Asamer: Concrete plant in Upper Austria
Asamer operates a gravel and concrete plant. As part of a comprehensive renovation
which also included a thermal retroftting of the offce building a heat distribution
grid supplied by biomass and a solar thermal system (167 m of fat plate collectors)
and two buffer storage tanks were installed. During the summer months the solar
installation is calculated to cover all heat needs at the company site.
of make-up water for steam networks; bath
or vessel heating; and convective drying
with hot air).
MARKET OUTLOOK
In principle, the market outlook for solar
process heat is rather positive. Especially
in well-developed solar thermal markets in
Europe, noticeable market development
could take place in the coming years.
However, a faster market uptake needs
dedicated programmes and concerted
efforts by market actors to tackle the
economic barriers as well as information
gaps across the value chain.
Promising approaches to starting market
development could include solar thermal
action plans with concrete measures for
solar process heat; support to R & D as well
as demonstration programmes (for example,
the frst 100, the frst 1000 installations);
fnancial support, either through subsidies
or tax incentives; promotional measures
to make solar process heat better known
among decision-makers in industry; building
up skills in the relevant products and service
provider companies and monitoring of
systems and quality assurance.
In technical and practical terms, solar
process heat is more often linked to
energy effciency measures in an industrial
process than to the generation of renewable
electricity. Therefore, policy support and
promotional activities should also be taken
in connection with measures for energy
effciency in industry.
Christiane Egger is deputy manager
and Christine hlinger is head
of sector, international tasks at
O.. Energiesparverband.
For information on the SO-PRO project,
visit: www.solar-process-heat.eu
This article is available on line. To
comment on it or forward it to a colleague,
visit: www.RenewableEnergyWorld.com
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___________________
HIGH-TECH
TRANSPORT
WIND: OFFSHORE TRANSPORT & LOGISTICS
Manufacturers, developers and the rest of the offshore wind supply chain are working fat out
to use the latest logistics technology in transporting turbines to Europes massive offshore
wind resource safely, swiftly and at the lowest possible cost. James Lawson explores
what companies are doing.
MOVING TURBINES OFFSHORE
The pressure to lower the overall cost of wind power means
that where turbines are built and how they move between
factory, base port and feld are more critical than ever.
SCHEURLE
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W
ind turbines are awkward creatures. Their heavy towers
and nacelles, and long, fragile blades do not ft easily with
conventional transportation methods. Its technically possible to
move anything from A to B, but transport then becomes a signifcant
part of the overall expense. The pressure to lower the overall cost of
wind power means that where turbines are built and how they move
between factory, base port and feld are more critical than ever.
With their huge size, the latest generation of 67 MW turbines
only increases the challenge. To address this, manufacturers and
developers are evolving tested technologies and innovating with
new machinery, techniques and processes.
Turbines can travel in sections blades, hub, nacelle, tower
and generator so keeping the weight of each load to a minimum.
Blades are the most problematic component, and transportation is
a fundamental part of their design. This means building in lifting and
clamping points that will withstand the movement from horizontal to
vertical or the loadings incurred when a ship is at maximum tilt in a
storm. Racks and carriers specifc to each blade model must handle
these forces without damaging the blade.
In road transport, manufacturers have long worked closely with
specialist manufacturers to make sure that there will be trailers
available to ft the components of their latest turbines. Tower
sections can be moved using special wheeled dollies bolted to
each end. These are usually specifc to each tower type, though
French company Nicolass telescopic adapter technology can
transport both towers and nacelles by changing the clamps used.
Every tower is different, says David Collett, managing director
of Collett and Sons. The frst trailers we bought became obsolete
within two or three years and we have invested millions since then.
Blades require extendable trailers with steerable axles,
helping them negotiate tight turns. Collett provides a swept path
GIS-based service that analyses exactly the route a component
will travel. This means a developer will know which items of road
furniture to remove, and also where a large component cannot
pass at all. The larger the blade, the more obstacles, says Collett.
Not all software works so well. We have turned up to fnd access
roads built in the wrong place.
Coping with extreme challenges like Alpine hairpin bends
has led to ingenious solutions. Scheuerles trailer-mounted blade
adapter grips the root of the blade and, using hydraulic power, can
lift it to an angle of 23, lower it and turn it left or right. This means
the blade can foat over supporting walls, trees, buildings or other
obstacles. In addition, it can be turned on its own longitudinal axis
to reduce wind loading.
In America, Vestas employs custom railway wagons to ship its
blades including the 55-metre blades of the V112 from its factory
in Windsor, Colorado to the nearest port in Houston. Clamping the
blade root to one wagon while the tip freely overhangs another
means the train can safely negotiate the bends on the line.
The trend toward much larger rotor diameters in the latest
generation of high output turbines challenges both logistics and
turbine design. The square-cube rule dictates that energy output
increases with the square of the rotor diameter, but loads increase
with the cube. Though manufacturers are using new materials and
structural designs to limit the increase in top head and tower mass,
the new turbines generally have larger and heavier components to
handle the higher bending moments and other loads.
With its rotor diameter of 126 metres, REpowers 5/6M series
is the largest currently operating offshore. Those in development
are even bigger. For example, the rotor of Nordexs proposed
N150/6000 will measure 150 metres, while Vestas 7 MW V164 will
have 80 metre long blades; both comfortably exceed the London
Eyes 135 metre diameter.
To move the huge 63 metre blades of its 7.5 MW E-126 turbine
by road, Enercon came up with a simple solution. They simply fold
them in half. No part is longer than an E-82 blade, says Henri
Joppier, Enercons head of UK sales. We deliver the nacelle in
sections and its very easy to commission on-site. Its a matter of
design, at the end of the day.
Enercon is the only manufacturer to do this, and even the
cleverest trailers are reaching their limits with the largest one-piece
blades. Blades for the latest 6 MW turbines cannot practically travel
by road, says Collett.
So, with proximity to a deepwater port required to transport
the latest turbines, on-site manufacturing is the rational way to
reduce both logistical complexity and cost. Ideally, turbine and
foundation manufacturers would load out from their back door
onto the deployment vessel, but a central location for shipping to
the main development sites is the next best option. Currently, sea
freight is exempt from carbon tax and, though shipping costs (and
congestion) rose up to 2008, they have since stabilised. If and when
either of these factors changes, moving manufacturing closer to the
deployment site will be even more attractive.
We are trying to drive down the cost of offshore wind so we need
to locate where we manufacture the various components carefully,
says Rob Sauven, managing director of Vestas Technology UK. You
want to move an 80 metre blade as few times as possible. Every
time you handle it, the cost goes up.
REpowers Bremerhaven factory is ideally located for felds
like RWEs Nordsee Ost. With the developers operations base
just around the corner at Bremerhaven container port, the
48 6M turbines REpower is supplying for the project will have a very
short journey.
The proposed UK factories for Siemens in Hull and Vestas in
Sheerness also promise cost-effective, on-site manufacturing: both
have excellent access to the UKs east coast where hundreds of
turbines will be installed in the coming years.
Sheerness is appealing for many reasons: access to deepwater
docks is one of them and a huge load-out space around the size of
New wind turbine installation vessels (WTIVs) have far more deck
space with extra fexibility to cater for different projects, and can
jack their heavier payloads in deeper water. RWE
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70 football felds is another. V164 blade manufacturing and nacelle
assembly is planned here, though this still depends on a frm order
pipeline from developers.
Logic says build it directly on the quayside, says Anders Se-
Jensen, president of Vestas Offshore. Getting the components in is
not a problem but getting them out is, so you want to build it in the
port from where its going to be loaded out.
Though green technology is creeping into marine engineering
with the likes of Damen Shipyards ASD 3212 diesel-electric-
propelled Green Tug, transhipment between factory and project
base relies almost exclusively on conventional vessels. Notable
exceptions are Vestas two custom-built Bladerunner boats
which move blades from the companys R&D facility on the Isle
of Wight to Southampton port for transhipment, and Enercons
E-Ship 1 which, fttingly, harnesses wind power to help transport
wind turbine components.
E-Ship 1 has four 27 metre-high Flettner rotors mounted on
its deck. These are spun up using excess energy derived from the
diesel engines exhaust gas, so making use of the force a spinning
body in a moving airstream produces (the Magnus Effect) to help
drive the ship. The same force is what causes the curved motion
of a spinning football or cricket ball. This extra power reduces fuel
consumption by up to 40%, and the ships adjustable cargo bay also
lets it load many more wind turbine components than a conventional
cargo vessel of the same size.
Transhipment also brings its own quayside challenges. For very
heavy items such as nacelles, built-up towers and jackets, Collett
uses self-propelled modular transporters (SPMTs) that have been
used for many years in sectors like oil and gas, and petrochemicals.
Moving blades up to 60 metres and nacelles between 200 and
400 tonnes is completely possible, but thats strictly between the
quayside and the storage area, says Collett. You work out the
number of axles you need and bolt them together.
Offshore installation as a proportion of total
CAPEX is predicted to fall from 23% to 18%
by 2020, spurred by innovative technology
Netherlands-based transportation specialist Wagenborg used
SPMTs in various confgurations to load out the REpower nacelles
and rotors for the Alpha Ventus feld last year. 20-axle lines of
Scheuerle SPMTs transported complete rotors with diameters of
between 116 and 118 metres, and weighing nearly 150 tonnes
each, while the vast tripod foundations required a set of 22+8 axle
SPMTs under each leg. To add to the challenge, the rotors had to
slide right out over the dockside before the barge cranes were able
to pick up the load.
The trip to the feld is the next leg of the offshore turbine journey.
Increased effciency and lower costs are again the goal: offshore
installation as a proportion of total CAPEX is predicted to fall from
23% to 18% by 2020, and innovative technology is paving the way.
For example, the GBF consortiums gravity base foundation
is deployed via a purpose-built barge. By adding or subtracting
ballast, the barge can be sunk and raised in order to load a turbine,

WAsP Engineering 3
Prediction of wind conditions
for turbine safety

Main features:
Extreme wind speeds
Turbulence statistics
Wind profiles
Wind shear
Flow inclination angle
Fast linear flow model
Spatial and transect views
Turbulence simulation
Visual Basic scripting
IEC 61400-1
site assessment with
Windfarm Assessment
Tool (requires WAsP 10)
DTU Wind Energy (formerly Ris DTU) Roskilde Denmark Tel +45 46 77 59 43 wasp@risoe.dtu.dk

New in version 3: Revised extreme-wind model Spatial views in Google Earth Revised obstacle
model New WAT launcher Flow model set up directly from grid maps Work with larger model domain

Further information about WAsP Engineering 3, related products and training courses at www.wasp.dk

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tow it to sea, sink it in position and then refoat in order to pick up
the next one.
Suction bucket footings are also quick and cheap to install in
soft seabed conditions. Mercon and ALEs new EMI technology
uses a standard barge equipped with a tilting frame in order to install
monopiles or met masts with a multiple suction-bucket footing.
Driving down deployment costs also means fnding the most
effcient process for each offshore project for example, whether to
assemble the whole rotor onshore or to ship the blades and hubs
individually and assemble them on-site. Lifting whole rotors means
fewer offshore lifts and can be done in rougher weather, but racks of
blades can be loaded more quickly at the quayside.
You want the lowest cost solution for that particular set of
components for that weather window, explains Sauven. Water
depth, time of year, distance from port: each changes the equation
and you need the fexibility to optimise for each site.
Another choice is whether to ship turbine components out in
smaller boats, giving better utilisation of the expensive on-site
installation vessel. Specialist wind turbine installation vessels (WTIVs)
can carry and install turbines and foundations themselves, but
will be off-site when restocking back at the base port. With more
demanding far offshore projects looming, the mono-vessel concept
is gaining the upper hand.
The available feet of vessels require tugs and are much slower
than the next generation new-builds, so there is no sense in using
them to collect the components, says Katie Faulkner, A2Seas sales
support manager. Because Sea Installer has a larger capacity and
is self-propelled, she will be able to cut out the middle man, and
collect the components directly from the production line, take them
straight out to the site and carry out the installation.
The jack-ups currently used for turbine installation were mostly
built for the oil and gas industry and adapted for wind, while the new
WTIVs are bigger and more capable in every way, even compared to
frst generation installers like the MPI Discovery.
These are absolute beasts in comparison to previous vessels,
says Max Paterson, sales and marketing coordinator at Seajacks,
whose own WTIV will arrive this year. Existing boats have blade
racks overhanging the front, but Zaratan can stack them across the
back of the deck.
Todays foundations can weigh over 700 tonnes, with nacelles
tipping the scales at over 350 tonnes and towers in excess of
260 tonnes. Cranes must have the reach and radius to install these
at more than 100 metres above sea level. Crane loads are going up
from 300600 tonnes to 8001200 tonnes or more, and employ a
wrap around the leg design for optimum deck access.
New WTIVs have far more deck space with extra fexibility to
cater for different projects, and can jack their heavier payloads in
deeper water. DP2 capability comes as standard, transit speeds are
higher, and accommodation allows for extra installation workers: all
attributes intended to support far offshore deployment.
At Thornton Bank, we were taking out one turbine per cycle,
says Richard Hatton, head of UK offshore sales at REpower. This
year we were taking out two sets. The new vessels will be able to
take six or seven sets per cycle.
RWE considers this area so important that it built its own boats
and founded a dedicated company to manage all aspects of offshore
Blades are the most problematic component of offshore wind turbines, and transportation is a fundamental part of their design.
SCHEURLE
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On to the next
HUSUM WindEnergy!
18 22 September 2012
in Husum of course.
www.husumwindenergy.com
A co-operation between
MESSE HUSUM & CONGRESS
Book now for HUSUM 2014:
23 26 September
logistics. Its two SeaBreeze class vessels are now working on the
Nordsee Ost and Gwynt y Mr felds respectively. Contrary to fears
of a shortage in only two or three years, there are now numerous
WTIVs appearing on the market.
Since we launched our plans, a lot of companies are building
vessels. Every one is different, and in the next few years we will see
which one is best, says a spokesman for RWE Innogy.
Swire Blue Oceans Pacifc Orca exemplifes the new generation.
It will have a 1200 tonne crane, a transit speed of 13 knots and
accommodation for 111 people. With a deck area in excess of
4000 m
2
and an 8400 tonne jackable weight, it will operate in up to
75 metres of water.
Fred. Olsen Windcarriers two boats, Brave Tern and Bold Tern,
will be delivered in the second half of this year. They are built to cope
with a 10 MW turbine and a 470 tonne hub weight, says commercial
manager Carl Erik Gurrik.
GeoSeas Neptune will shortly start work on Thornton Bank
while other new vessels due this year include Workfoxs Seafox 5,
MPIs Adventure and Discovery, another WTIV from Van Oord, and
HGO InfraSea Solutions Innovation. The latter is the biggest yet,
with a 1500 tonne crane and an 8000 tonne payload.
Deep water is the new frontier for turbine deployment. Going
beyond 45 metres makes jacking impossible for almost all current
vessels, and foating WTIVs would be the likely solution.
Dynamic stabilisation is an important technology here (and in
all lifts involving foating vessels), reducing roll and so the dynamic
crane loading, thus permitting relatively heavier lifts. Manufacturers
like Liebherr are also working to improve the heave compensation
systems already built into many marine cranes. We lifted turbine
components from foating vessels on the Beatrice Demonstrator in
45 metres of water, says Hatton. Its faster because theres no need
to jack but it cuts down on the weather window. Better dynamic
stabilisation is coming but its still a long way from being proven.
Designers are now pushing vessel capability even further. For
example, W3G Marine Ltds OWTIS (offshore wind turbine installation
ship) concept offers a 1500 tonne crane. Gaohs twin-hull offshore
installation shuttle would carry two complete turbines or foundations
on a high gantry. Employing a combination of dynamic positioning
along with both vessel and hoisting compensation systems would
give it a claimed 80% operational window in the North Sea.
Offshore wind development is often compared with the early
days of North Sea oil exploration. Here, the comparison has real
resonance. Manufacturers, developers and the rest of the supply
chain are working fat out to use the latest logistics technology to
access Europes massive offshore wind resource safely, swiftly and
at the lowest possible cost.
James Lawson is a freelance journalist focusing on the energy
sector.
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China not immune to
solar market shocks
W
ith the solar bubble apparently bursting around the industrys
ears in late 2011, as 2012 opens its doors for business much
attention has been focused on the sector. The markets are certainly
wise to be cautious given the impact of the downturn, regulatory
instability and an increasingly price-competitive and oversupplied
market. Indeed, it is clear that no-one in the solar sector has
escaped unscathed. For while there are those who would like to
lay the blame for the current squeeze on Chinas doorstep, even
some Chinese majors have suffered a noticeable dip. Take Trina
Solar, which announced its Q3 fgures late last year. It reported that
solar module shipments were approximately 370 MW for the third
quarter of 2011, representing a decrease of 6.6% sequentially with
396.4 MW in the second quarter of 2011, though an increase of
27.4% year-on-year compared with 2010 Q3 of 290.5 MW. The
decrease was primarily due to a reduction in available fnancing
for some European projects and an increased customer credit risk
management strategy, Trina says.
More signifcantly, net revenues were US$481.9 million, a
decrease of 16.8% sequentially and 5.2% below the equivalent
quarter of 2010, despite the signifcant increase in shipments.
Losses from operations were $23.5 million, compared to a
positive income of $32.8 million in the second quarter of 2011 and
$113.0 million in the third quarter of 2010.
During the third quarter of 2011, the company announced
supply agreements with Huanghe Hydropower Development Co.,
Ltd, a subsidiary of China Power Investment Corporation, for two
ground-mounted solar projects in Qinghai, China for a total of
30 MW. It also signed a strategic partnership agreement with Origin
Energy Australia to supply approximately 22 MW of PV modules.
Commenting on the fgures, Jifan Gao, Trinas chairman and
CEO, said: To best position Trina Solar going forward, we are refning
our marketing and product strategies to address larger and more
diversifed distribution channels, in both established and emerging
solar markets. These include growing the US residential leasing
channel, where we recently signed a 60 MW supply agreement in
the fourth quarter.
Looking forward, for the fourth quarter of 2011, Trina says it
expects to ship between 320 MW-350 MW of modules. Based on
this assessment it has revised its outlook for the full year 2011 PV
module shipment down to approximately 1.4 GW, compared with
previous guidance of 1.75 GW-1.8 GW.
Similarly, in its latest fgures Suntech Power Holdings Co.,
Ltd, the worlds largest producer of solar panels, showed total net
revenues of $809.8 million in the third quarter of 2011, compared
with $830.7 million a decrease of 2.5% on the previous quarter,
and an increase of 8.9% year-on-year with $743.7 million in the third
quarter of 2010. Suntechs total PV shipments also increased, in this
case approximately 16% sequentially, and 36% year-on-year with
1.6 GW of silicon ingot and wafer capacity and 2.4 GW of cell and
module capacity as of the end of Q3 2011.
The sequential decrease in revenues was primarily due to a
decline in the average selling price of PV products, partially offset by
an increase of shipments, Suntech says.
Loss from operations in the third quarter of 2011 was
$16.0 million and operating margin was -2%, compared to losses
from operations of $170.3 million and operating margin of -20.5% in
the second quarter of 2011. These fgures compare with an income
of $62.6 million and an operating margin of 8.4% in Q3 2010.
Dr Zhengrong Shi, Suntechs chairman and CEO, said: Looking
forward, we expect excess capacity to fuel strong competition
and consolidation in the next two to three quarters. This will be
challenging for all solar companies. The company plans to meet
these challenges by reducing operating expenses by 20% in 2012
and holding off on planned capacity expansion this year.
The markets are wise to be cautious, as
it is clear that no-one in the solar sector
has escaped the downturn unscathed
Yingli Green Energy Holding Company Ltd also announced
its Q3 results, saying that PV module shipments in fact increased
by 21.9% from the second quarter of 2011, reaching a new
high. But although total net revenues were RMB4258.6 million
($667.7 million) and gross proft was RMB458.5 million
($71.9 million), operating loss was RMB 5.5 million ($0.9 million), an
operating margin of -0.1%. Based on current market and operating
conditions, estimated production capacity and forecasted customer
demand, the company has revised its PV module shipment target
downwards to an estimated range of 1580 MW1630 MW from the
previous range of 1700 MW1750 MW for fscal year 2011.
Putting this into a European context, we see Q-Cells Q3 fgures
showing revenues of 228.8 million, compared with 316 million in
Q2, and a revenue target of 1 billion confrmed for FY2011. Q-Cells
says it expects that the implementation of several major utility
projects in the fourth quarter will produce revenues of a level similar
to Q2. In the third quarter, the operating result was again negative,
standing at -47.3 million.
Like Yingli, Schott Solar AG, the parent company of Schott Solar
PV, Inc, also reported an increase in module sales. For its fscal
year, ending September 30, 2011, that percentage of growth was in
the double digits, despite a rather diffcult market environment, the
company says.
Schott said it will be discontinuing its wafer manufacturing
activities at its site in Jena, also in Germany, with 290 employees
affected. Overcapacities and severe declines in prices, particularly
with wafers and cells, have been the dominating factors. They
lowered their prices for modules once again by more than 40% just
like they did in 2009, a statement from the company says.
David Appleyard
Company Results
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While the solar PV industry has made tremendous strides in the Canadian market
in the past year, there is still signifcant work to be done and each province faces
different challenges. Jared Donald argues for the development of a national solar
energy policy.
MOVING SOLAR FORWARD
FEDERAL-LEVEL INCENTIVES ARE NEEDED
T
he solar industry has worked diligently over the last year to inform
and educate the Canadian public and the federal government on
the environmental and economic benefts of solar energy. As part of
these efforts, representatives and members from the Canadian Solar
Industries Association (CanSIA) met with the Department of Finance
and Natural Resources to discuss a national incentive structure.
In addition, CanSIA representatives stood as witnesses before
the Senate Standing Committee on Energy and the Environment,
presenting the benefts of solar PV for Canadians. These efforts
were instrumental in garnering recommendations for the furthering
of solar technology on a national level in the most recent Report
of the Standing Committee on Finance. While the industry has
made tremendous strides in the Canadian market in the past year,
there is still signifcant work to be done and each province faces
different challenges.
Without a national incentive structure, some provincial
governments have developed policy infrastructures to support the
deployment of solar within their respective provinces. In Ontario, the
implementation of the feed-in tariff (FiT) and microFiT programmes
has increased employment and brought in local manufacturing.
Ontarios solar industry supports approximately 8200 full-time jobs
and more than 30 PV module and inverter manufacturing facilities.
Through the FiT programmes frst two years it faced a number of
implementation challenges, mostly due to a lack of visibility and
an inability of contract offers to keep pace with applications. The
government has recently halted the programme while it reviews
how FiTs should be administered in 2012 and beyond. Through
this review Ontario requested that CanSIA, as the trusted voice in
the solar industry, provide feedback outlining how the programme
can be improved. CanSIA members developed very specifc and
practical recommendations for presentation to the government.
I believe that these actionable recommendations and the many
in-person consultations between industry proponents and Provincial
government representatives will signifcantly improve the design of
the FiT programme for longer-term sustainability. One of the main
improvements we hope to see in the new FiT programme is greater
transparency, which will help all members of the value chain.
While Ontarios solar incentive policies are far ahead of those of
other provinces, the aforementioned FiT review process is having a
detrimental impact on its industry. Most installers and manufacturers
are in a holding pattern until the new rules are determined and
released, causing layoffs across the industry and requiring solar
professionals to either take extended vacations or search for new
employment outside the industry. The work being done at the
government and regulatory level appears to be occurring in a manner
that will allow the development of a more sustainable FiT programme,
but until the policy framework is resolved the industry will remain in a
very challenging state of fux.
Each province is at a different state in terms of solar energy
implementation and each has very different goals, infuenced by
politics, economics and other considerations. Without a nationally
administered solar energy directive, each province will continue
to develop and administer its own policies in accordance with its
own political, economic and environmental goals. This evolutionary
development will greatly assist the growth of the solar industry in
Canada, but it will occur in a slower and more fragmented manner.
The Ontario programme proved that FiTs are a very effective
mechanism for creating market demand, but they are only one of
many tools that support the effective growth of solar energy. It is
hoped that jurisdictions outside Ontario take notice of the benefts
the FiT programme has generated for that province and implement
funding programmes with the same end goal: to further bolster the
solar industry across Canada.
Jared Donald is president of Conergy Canada.
This article is available on line. To comment on it or forward it to a
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Send details of your event to: Renewable Energy World rew@pennwell.com
World Future Energy Summit
Abu Dhabi, UAE
1619 January 2012
Reed Exhibitions Middle East
P.O. Box 60799, Abu Dhabi
United Arab Emirates
T: +971 2 444 61 13
F: +971 2 444 37 68
W: http://www.
worldfutureenergysummit.com/
Solar Power Generation USA 2012
Las Vegas, US
31 January2 February 2012
Green Thinking (Services) Ltd.
Southbank House,
Black Prince Road,
Vauxhall, London, SE1 7SJ, UK
T: +44 (0) 20 3355 4205
E: james.brady@
greenpowerconferences.com
W: http://www.
solarpowergenerationusa.com/
Conference & Expo North
America 2012
California, US
1416 February 2012
PennWell International, Sarah Jantz
1421 S. Sheridan Road
Tulsa, Oklahoma 74112
T: +1 918.831.9430
F: +1 918.831.9729
E: sarahj@pennwell.com
W: http://www.
renewableenergyworld-events.com
ExpoSolar 2012
Kintex, Korea
1517 February 2012
EXPO Solar 2012 Exhibition Bureau
13th foor Shinhan DM building
33-1 Mapo-dong
Mapo-gu, Seoul, 121708, Korea
T: +82 2 718 6931
F: +82 2 715 8245
E: interexpo@infothe.com
W: http://www.exposolar.org/2012/
SolarTech Bangladesh
Sonargon, Bangladesh
1618 February 2012
215, Outer Circular Road (4th foor)
Bara Maghbazar
Dhaka1217, Bangladesh
T: +88 (02) 8321726, 9351745
F: +88 (02) 9348871
E: info@solartechbd.com
W: www.solartechbd.com
CIPV EXPO 2012
Beijing, China
2225 February 2012
Koelnmesse Co Ltd
Ms Helen Chen
T: +86 10 6590 7766 ext 736
F: +86 10 6590 6139
E: h.chen@koelnmesse.cn
W: http://www.cipvexpochina.com/
Renewable Energy Finance
Forum Germany
Berlin, Germany
2829 February 2012
Euromoney Energy Events
T: +44 20 7779 8999
W: www.euromoneyenergy.com
5th International Photovoltaic
Power Generation Expo
Tokyo, Japan
29 February2 March 2012
Reed Exhibitions Japan Ltd
18F Shinjuku-Nomura Bldg.,
1-26-2 Nishishinjuku
Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 163-0570, Japan
T: +81-3-3349-8576
F: +81-3-3349-8535
E: pv@reedexpo.co.jp
W: http://www.pvexpo.jp
HydroVision Russia
Moscow, Russia
57 March 2012
PennWell International,
Crispin Coulson
The Water Tower
Gun Powder Mill
Powdermill Lane
Waltham Abbey
Essex, EN9 1BN, UK
T: +44 1992 656 646
F:+44 1992 656 700
E: crispinc@pennwell.com
W: www.hydrovision-russia.com
Photovoltaics World Expo
810 March 2012
Tampa, Florida, US
PennWell Corporation
Stephanie Moore
T: 918.832.9382
F: 918-831-9729
E: stephaniem@pennwell.com
W: http://www.pvworldevent.com
RenewableUK Wave & Tidal 2012
Edinburgh, UK
15 March 2012
RenewableUK, Simon Becker
Greencoat House
Francis Street
London, SW1P 1DH, UK
T: +44 (0)20 7901 3032
E: s.becker@renewable-uk.com
W: http://events.renewable-uk.com/
ECOBUILD
Excel London
2022 March 2012
International Business Events Limited
Ludgate House
245 Blackfriars Road
London SE1 9UY, UK
T: +44 (0) 207 560 4458
F: +44 (0) 207 560 4470
E: info@ibeltd.com
W: www.ecobuild.co.uk
Green Energy Expo PV KOREA
Daegu, Korea
2830 March 2012
(702-712) 90, Yutongdanji-ro (St.),
Buk-gu, Daegu, Korea
T: +82 53 601 5371
F: +82 53 601 5372
E: energy@enregyexpo.co.kr
W: http://www.pvkorea.co.kr/eng/
European Offshore Wind 2012
Conference and Exhibition,
EWEA 2012
Copenhagen, Denmark
1619 April 2012
EWEA, Rue dArlon 80
1040 Bruxelles, Belgium
T: +32 2 213 18 60
E: events@ewea.org
W: http://events.ewea.org/
annual2012/
Renewable Energy World India
New Delhi, India
1921 April 2012
PennWell International, Helen Lomas
The Water Tower
Gun Powder Mill
Powdermill Lane
Waltham Abbey
Essex, EN9 1BN, UK
T: +44 1992 656 654
F: +44 1992 656 700
E: helenl@pennwell.com
W: http://www.
renewableenergyworldindia.com
Hannover Messe
Hannover, Germany
2327 April 2012
HANNOVER MESSE Team
Deutsche Messe
Messegelnde
30521 Hannover
T: +49 0511 89-0
F: +49 0511 89-32626
W: www.hannovermesse.de/en/
homepage
Solarexpo 2012
Verona, Italy
0911 May 2012
Largo Panflo Castaldi 1
32032 Feltre (BL)
T: +39 0439 84 98 55
F: +39 0439 84 98 54
W: http://www.solarexpo.com/
World Renewable Energy Forum &
Exhibition 2012 (WREF 2012)
Colorado, US
1317 May 2012
Prof. A. Sayigh
P.O. Box 362
Brighton, BN2 1YH, UK
T: +44 (0)1273 625643
F: +44 (0)1273 625768
E: asayigh@wrenuk.co.uk
W: http://www.wrenuk.co.uk
6TH SNEC PV POWER EXPO
Shanghai, China
1618 May 2012
Shanghai New Energy Industry
Association (SNEIA)
Rm. 902, Building 1, #2020
Zhongshan Rd. (W)
Shanghai, China, 2020 1,902
T: +86 21 64276991
W: www.snec.org.cn
Sustainabilitylive!
Birmingham, UK
2224 May 2012
Faversham House Group Ltd,
Jordana Gavin
Faversham House,
232a Addington Road,
South Croydon, Surrey, CR2 8LE, UK
T: +44 (0)20 8651 7088
E: jordana.gavin@fav-house.com
W: http://www.sustainabilitylive.com
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_______
______
DIARY
Advertisers index
ABB OY 15, 48
BECHTEL 17
BEIJING SUNDA SOLAR ENERGY
TECHNOLOGY COMPANY, LTD. 45
BINSWANGER 19
EWEA - EWEA 2012 ANNUAL EVENT41
GO TOPEKA ECONOMIC
PARTNERSHIP 47
HANWHA SOLARONE IFC
HYUNDAI HEAVY INDUSTRIES
CO LTD 3, 5
MESSE HUSUM - HUSUM
WINDENERGY 2012 53
MULTI-CONTACT AG 27
NAVIGANT CONSULTING INC 32
NORDEX SE 29
PENNWELLS HYDRO GROUP
WORLDWIDE CONFERENCES 56
POWER-GEN INTERNATIONAL 2012
CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION 58
RENEWABLE ENERGY WORLD
AFRICA 2012 CONFERENCE &
EXHIBITION 31
RENEWABLE ENERGY WORLD ASIA
2012 CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION 55
RENEWABLE ENERGY WORLD INDIA
2012 CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION 43
REPOWER SYSTEMS AG 33
RISO NATIONAL LABORATORY 51
SANYO COMPONENT
EUROPE GMBH 25
SHANGHAI NEW ENERGY INDUSTRY
ASSOCIATION - SNEC PV POWER
EXPO 2012 IFC
SIEMENS AG 11
SMA SOLAR TECHNOLOGY AG 6-7
SOLAR PROMOTION GMBH -
INTERSOLAR EUROPE 2012 37
SOLAREXPO & GREENBUILDING -
ITALIAN PV SUMMIT 35
SOLAREXPO & GREENBUILDING -
SOLAREXPO 2012 21
TROJAN BATTERY COMPANY 13
VESTAS BC
Renewable
Energy World
All Energy 2012
Aberdeen, UK
2324 May 2012
Media Generation Group plc
11A Princes Square
Harrogate
HG1 1ND, UK
T: +44 (0)20 8241 1912;
F: +44 (0)20 8940 6211
E: info@all-energy.co.uk
W: http://www.all-energy.co.uk/
World Bioenergy 2012
Jnkping, Sweden
2931 May 2012
Svebio, Torsgatan 12 plan 3,
111 23 Stockholm
T: +46 (0)8-441 70 80,
F: +46 (0)8-441 70 89
E: worldbioenergy@svebio.se
W: www.worldbioenergy.com
WINDPOWER 2011
Atlanta, Georgia, US
36 June 2012
American Wind Energy Association
1501 M Street NW, Suite 1000
Washington, DC 20005 USA
T: +1 202.383.2500
F: +1 202.383.2505
E: windmail@awea.org
W: http://www.windpowerexpo.org/
Renewable Energy World Europe
Conference and Expo 2012
Cologne, Germany
1214 June 2012
PennWell International, Helen Lomas
The Water Tower
Gun Powder Mill
Powdermill Lane
Waltham Abbey
Essex, EN9 1BN UK
T: +44 1992 656 654
F: +44 1992 656 700
E: helenl@pennwell.com
W: http://www.
renewableenergyworld-europe.com
Renewable UK Offshore Wind 2012
London, UK
1314 June
RenewableUK
Level 2 Greencoat House
Francis Street
London SW1P 1DH, UK
T: +44 (0)20 7901 3000
F: +44 (0)20 7901 3001
W: http://www.renewable-uk.com
Intersolar Europe
Munich, Germany
1315 June 2012
Freiburg Wirtschaft Touristik und
Messe GmbH & Co KG
Solar Promotion GmbH
P.O. Box 100 170
75101 Pforzheim, Germany
T.: +49 7231 58598-0
F: +49 7231 58598-28
E: info@intersolar.de
W: http://www.intersolar.de/en
Intersolar North America
San Francisco, CA, US
1012 July 2012
Mariel Firmacion
Antenna Group
A Beckerman Company
T: +1 415 977 1914
F: +1 415 896 1094
W: www.intersolar.us
Brazil Windpower 2012
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
2931 August 2012
E: info@brazilwindpower.org
W: www.brazilwindpower.org/en/
Husum WindEnergy
Husum, Germany
1822 September 2012
Messe Husum & Congress
NCC NordseeCongressCentrum
Am Messeplatz 1618
D-25813 Husum
W: http://www.husumwindenergy.
com
Wind Power India 2012
Chennai, India
2830 November 2012
E: info@windpowerindia.in
W: www.windpowerindia.in
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_____________________
Generating
performance.
The V112-3.0 MW,
powered by blades with
55% greater windswept area.
The truly innovative design of the V112-3.0 MW blades
is the result of Vestas 30 years at the forefront of wind
energy. A remarkable new blade length and multiple design
advances mean the V112-3.0 MW can operate protably
even at lower wind speeds. Engineered for optimum
performance, the blades feature higher rotor efciency,
a robust performing prole for higher operating lift, and
the ability to withstand harsh environmental factors.
Learn how the V112-3.0 MW can help ensure the
performance of your investment at vestas.com/v112.
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US Renewable Energy Companies
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_______________________
Hurst alternative fuel boilers lead the market with H t lt ti f l b il l d th k t ith
innovative gaseous and solid-fuel designs.
Complete modular construction for easy low cost installation.
Hurst has 45 years specializing in custom design of design of
alternative fuel steam plants and cogenerattionnn ssssys ys ys ys y te te te tems ms ms ms..
S100 SERIES
Firebox Construction Fi b C t ti Fi b C t ti
Biogas
Biomass
Natural Gas
Propane Gas
Biodiesel
Digestion Gas
Landll Gas
Pellet Fuels
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____________________
REW Guide to US Renewable Energy Companies 2012 2
CONTENTS
5
Introduction
10
Large-scale renewables
24
Small-scale renewables
29
Transmission
33
US company listings
44
AZ Index of companies
2012
REW GUIDE TO US RENEWABLE ENERGY COMPANIES
Group Publisher Ralph Boon
Chief Editor David Appleyard
Associate Editor Tildy Bayar
Author Elisa Wood
Production Editor Piers Evans
Design Chad Wimmer
Production Controller Kimberlee Smith
Sales Managers Peter Anderson
Kate Hart
Rick Peredina
Alasdair Evans
Dan Harper
Sandra Spencer
BUYERS GUIDE STAFF
Buyers Guide Director Monica Gauba
Production/Database Manager Jessica Ross
Production/Database Specialist Lisa Hollis
Database Production Supervisor Tammy Croft
Editorial Assistant Jean Gallagher
Senior Input Processor Heidi Seiders
Database Administrators Christine Algie
Linda Smith-Quinn
Sandy Taylor
This guide has been prepared and published by
PennWell International Publications Ltd
The Water Tower, Gunpowder Mills, Powdermill Lane,
Waltham Abbey,
Essex EN9 1BN, UK
Tel: +44 1992 65 6600
Fax: +44 1992 65 6700
Web: www.RenewableEnergyWorld.com
With special thanks to all those who helped
with this edition of the Guide.
Cover Photo: courtesy of Intel
2012 PennWell International Publications Ltd
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be
reproduced in any form or by any means, whether
electronic, mechanical or otherwise including
photocopying, recording or any information storage
or retrieval system without the prior written consent
of the Publishers.
Opinions expressed in this publication are not
necessarily those of the Publishers or Editor.
Please note too that the listings are complied for
information purposes only; inclusion of a company
in these listings does not constitute any form of
recognition or endorsement by the Publishers or
any other party.
A searchable version of these listings is available on
our website at www.RenewableEnergyWorld.com. If
you spot any omissions or errors please let us know.
You can do this by visiting the website,
www.RenewableEnergyWorld.com, click on the
Buyers Guide link and then Edit My Listing or
Get Listed for Free links.
You may also contact us at +1 603 891 9459 or
email: InternationalBG@pennwell.com
We compile the company information from our own
questionnaires and data collection, from research
and from trade association membership lists. While
every attempt is made to ensure the accuracy of the
information contained in this magazine, neither the
Publishers nor the authors accept any liability for
errors or omissions.
Printed: In the UK by Williams Press.
ISSN 1462-6381
NOTE FROM THE EDITOR
Welcome to the 2012 Renewable Energy World
Guide to US Renewable Energy Companies.
We hope this latest edition, our ffth, once
again provides both a valuable resource and
comprehensive reference for those working in
the renewable energy sector both within and
beyond the United States.
Perhaps more than ever, this year is expected
to be defnitive for the US renewables industry.
For while there is inevitably some uncertainty
regarding policy developments over the coming
months, there is no doubt that the US has moved
well beyond the if and when of renewables
integration into the energy mix. Now the issue is
how these plans can be implemented as quickly
and as cheaply as possible. And, as grid parity
draws ever closer, regulators, policymakers,
investors, developers, owners, operators, and
grid operators are already focusing on the fner
engineering and market aspects that will enable
this industrys vast potential to be realised.
For the US, this can manifest itself not only in
terms of lower carbon emissions, lower imports
of fossil fuels and reduced energy pricing
volatility. This transformation means investment
in manufacturing, jobs and economic growth.
With policymakers and industry now
recognising this for the opportunity it is, the
US energy systems evolution has begun in
earnest. In all, wind accounted for 35% of new
US generation over the last four years, more
than all other forms of electricity generation
except natural gas. And last year the US solar
industry broke all of its records in the third
quarter by installing 449 MW of PV, more than
was installed in all of 2009. With CSP and solar
thermal included, this fgure rises to around 1
GW for the frst three quarters. This large-scale
development took place despite a lagging
economy and limited sources of fnancing,
making the achievement even more remarkable.
America is known as the land of opportunity; for
US renewables that has never been more true.
As always, if readers wish to be included
in future editions then we welcome your
engagement, simply refer to our website:
www.RenewableEnergyWorld.com where
you can add to or update our existing on-line
listings database if details have changed.
David Appleyard
Chief Editor
10
24
29
ADVANCED ENERGY INDUSTRIES INC. 4
APTRONIC AG 25
BUILDGROUP 13
DPW SOLAR 17
FASTENER TECHNOLOGIES INC. 9
GROWATT NEW ENERGY NORTH AMERICA C2
HURST BOILER 1
HYTORC, DIVISION OF UNEX CORP. C4
LIFELINE ENERGY USA, INC. C3
RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS AMERICAS INC. 7
RUSSTECH LANGUAGE SERVICES, INC. 19
SCHNEIDER ELECTRIC 15
SIKA CORPORATION 16
SPIRE CORPORATION 27
TWR LIGHTING, INC. 60
UNITED STATES RENEWABLE ENERGY ASSOCIATION 21
VESTAS WIND SYSTEMS 3
Advertisers Index
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Certainty.
It means the most tested
turbine in the industry.
It means the V112-3.0 MW.
At the worlds largest wind turbine test center, Vestas
engineering experts use advanced methods such as
Highly Accelerated Life Testing (HALT) to ensure that
all critical components of the V112-3.0 MW meet
exacting standards for safety, performance and
reliability throughout their 20-year service life.
We push every component of the V112-3.0 MW
platform beyond the limits of its specications
to deliver rock-solid reliability in the eld.
The V112-3.0 MW is the product of 30 years
of experience managing and overcoming risks
at the forefront of wind energy development.
Find out more at vestas.com/v112.
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Ideal for large commercial and utility-scale projects
Youve been asking for a 500 kW inverter with all
the renowned benets of a PV Powered solution.
Here you go. The PVP500kW gives you industry-leading
reliability, performance, and innovation combined
into one fully-integrated system that delivers nancial
gains at every turn.
Were not just another solar energy company.
Were empowering the industry.
advanced-energy.com/PVP500kW
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5 REW Guide to US Renewable Energy Companies 2012
R
enewable energy
continues to
buck the trend
and prosper as
other industries
falter in the sluggish
economy. The US wind
energy industry added nearly
80% more capacity in third
quarter 2011 than in third
quarter 2010. Simultaneously,
the solar industry reported
a spectacular 140% growth
quarter over quarter for
the same period. Analysts
forecast continued expansion
into 2012 for both industries,
making them coveted job-
builders in an economy where
unemployment hovers at a
crippling 8%9%.
Meanwhile, US innovators
increasingly turn their talents
to improving and refning
renewable energy technologies.
Californias Silicon Valley, a
worldwide centre of high-tech
genius, is focusing more and
more on solar and smart grid
inventions. You cant throw a
softball around here without
hitting another solar company,
quipped Dan Shugar, one of the
solar industrys early pioneers
and now CEO of Solaria, a
Fremont company that makes
silicon photovoltaic products.
From these innovators
come more effcient and
easier-to-install solar panels
and growing integration of the
technology with the smart grid.
At the same time, the wind
industry is producing new wind
turbines suited for locations that
were previously inhospitable to
the resource, opening up more
terrain for wind development.
Biomass production is
becoming more cost-effective
and versatile, as companies
achieve greater crop production
per acre with less water use.
For geothermal, research and
development are leading the
way to new exploration and
drilling, mineral recovery, and
low-temperature technologies.
This explosion of innovation
offers a dual advantage for the
US. First, it makes renewable
energy cheaper and more
consumer-friendly, which
leads to more households,
businesses and utilities going
green. Second, many of these
new innovations especially
those that advance distributed
generation fll market needs in
developing countries, so create
new export opportunities for
US companies.
Of course, the industry also
faces bumps in the road. As
youll learn in these pages, wind
energys prospects depend
on a federal incentive that
could expire. And the US solar
industry fnds itself embroiled
in a trade dispute with China,
while manufacturers suffer as
panel prices tumble. But the
renewable energy industry
tackles these issues from a
position of strength. Now viewed
as a credible indeed preferred
energy resource by consumers,
businesses and political leaders,
renewable energy enters 2012
as one of the US economys
success stories.
STATES LEAD
With the nations two major
political parties at a near
stalemate and an election year
ahead, the federal government
is expected to achieve little in
the way of signifcant energy
legislation in 2012. Still, pundits
expect renewable energy to
thrive as state governments
continue to lead the way with
renewable portfolio standards
(RPS) and other policy measures
that encourage green energy
development. The American
Council on Renewable Energy
credits RPS programmes for
50% of US wind development
since 2001. And ACORE fnds
that such policies in California,
Illinois, Minnesota, New Jersey
and Texas create the fve largest
markets for renewable energy
growth in the country.
Within their RPS programmes,
states are refning their use of
renewable energy credits (RECs)
as a vehicle to help projects
accrue revenue. (One MWh of
renewable energy typically equals
one REC.) In many states, utilities
must acquire an increasing
number of the credits over the
next several years to meet legal
mandates for green energy use.
Policymakers are creating new,
more specifc credits or set-
asides to foster development
of certain kinds of renewable
energy. One of the most well
known is the solar renewable
energy credit, or SREC. More
recent entrants are the OREC
or offshore renewable energy
credit; ZREC or zero emissions
renewable energy credit; and
LREC or low emissions renewable
energy credit.
RECs of all kinds will become
increasingly sought after in coming
years as states demand that
utilities acquire more and more
renewable energy under RPS
rules. The National Renewable
Energy Laboratory (NREL) says
that by 2015, states will need
150 TWh of green energy to
meet RPS requirements, up from
55 TWh in 2010.
WHOS GREENEST?
Research frm Clean Edge
looks annually at how the
states compare based on
various clean energy metrics.
Three states derived more than
10% of their utility-scale power
from wind, solar, or geothermal
in the companys 2011
analysis. Iowa was frst with
15.4% of its electricity from
wind; North Dakota second with
11.99% from wind; and California
third with 10.06% from wind,
solar, and geothermal. California
INTRODUCTION
RENEWABLES
& PROSPERITY
TOP 10 STATES FOR
CLEAN ENERGY
Rank State Score
1. California 95.3
2. Oregon 79.4
3. Massachusetts 71.8
4. New York 63.1
5. Colorado 60.2
6. Washington 60
7. New Mexico 57
8. Minnesota 57
9. Connecticut 56.9
10 Vermont 53.2
Clean Edge compiled the above
list as part of its second annual US
Clean Energy Leadership Index, which
examined 70 different indicators to
ranks states for technology, policy and
capital. See http://www.cleanedge.
com/leadership
P
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GREEN PRICING PROGRAMME RENEWABLE ENERGY SALES
Rank Utility Resources Used Sales
(kWh/year)
1 Austin Energy Wind, landfll gas 754,203,479
2 Portland
General Electric
Wind, biomass, geothermal 735,745,202
3 PacifCorp Wind, biomass, landfll gas,
solar
587,373,391
4 SMUD Wind, hydro, biomass,
solar
395,537,564
5 Xcel Energy Wind, solar 388,837,429
6 Puget Sound
Energy
Wind, landfll gas, biomass,
small hydro, solar
314,892,507
7 CLP/UI Wind, hydro 229,408,999
8 CPS Energy Wind 186,880,675
9 National Grid Biomass, wind, small
hydro, solar
167,149,902
10 We Energies Wind, landfll gas, solar 164,546,605
2010 data published May 2011 NREL
ranked number one when it
came to attracting venture
capital. Renewable energy made
up more of the electricity mix
(84%) in Idaho than in any other
state. Other states that got more
than 60% of their electricity from
renewables were Washington
(71.59%), South Dakota (65%),
and Oregon (63.84%). Clean
Edge ranked these states as
the overall clean energy leaders,
based on several parameters.
TOP 10 UTILITIES
Renewables also continue to
prosper through green pricing
programmes offered by utilities.
Under these programmes,
utility customers choose to
buy their electricity under a
special rate set up to support
renewables. Green power sales
from utility programmes exceed
6 TWh, according to a May
2011 report issued by NREL.
Wind energy represents
more than 75% of electricity
generated for US green
pricing programmes, the
report says.
About 850 utilities now allow
customers to subscribe to green
energy programmes, where
a portion of the customers
monthly electric payment goes
toward renewable energy
development. Utility green pricing
programmes are one segment of
a larger green power marketing
industry that encompasses
1.5 million customers, and helps
support more than 9000 MW of
renewable capacity, according
to NREL.
Texas-based Austin Energy
sold the largest amount of
renewable energy in the nation
through its green pricing
programme, according to
NREL. The top 10 utilities are
listed in the chart below.
NREL noted a signifcant trend
in movement toward community
solar programmes, also called
solar gardens (see Small-scale
Renewables chapter). Under
these programmes customers
buy a share of a solar system
and receive net metering
benefts from the project,
typically a credit on their bill.
Utilities and third parties
are increasingly developing
community solar programmes
as one way to support local
renewable energy development,
said NREL analyst Jenny
Sumner. Customers can invest
in solar through community
solar programmes even if they
are renters or own homes with
shaded roofs.
In El Jebel, Colorado, the
80 kW Holy Cross Energy
solar project provides
an 11 cents/kWh credit
on the monthly bills of
18 participants that purchased
shares for $3.15/watt or
$3150/kW. Other community
solar programmes highlighted by
NREL can be found in Ashland,
Oregon; Bainbridge Island,
Washington; Delta-Montrose
Electric Association, Colorado;
Ellensburg, Washington; Florida
Keys Electric Coop, Florida;
Holy Cross Energy, Colorado;
Okanogan Electric Cooperative,
Washington; Poulsbo Project,
Washington; Sacramento
Municipal Utility District,
California; St. George, Utah;
Trico Electric, Arizona; and
United Power, Colorado.
BIG GREEN ENERGY USERS
The US Environmental Agency
tracks green energy purchases
among large businesses,
institutions and government
entities that participate in its
Green Power Partnership.
The top 50 organisations in its
programme accounted for 14
TWh of renewables annually
as of October 2011. Intel
Corporation again topped the
list as the largest buyer of green
power with the purchase of
more than 2.5 TWh annually, up
from 1.4 TWh last year. Kohls
Department Stores and Whole
Foods Market also held their
positions, again this year, as
second and third. Starbucks
slipped from fourth to ffth,
bested this year by the city of
Austin, Texas. See the full list on
page 8.
Among colleges and
universities, the University of
Pennsylvania topped the EPA
list for green energy purchases
with 48% of its electricity coming
from solar and wind. Next
in line was Carnegie Mellon,
followed by the University of
Utah, Oregon State University,
and Drexel.
Local governments that
ranked highest for green energy
use were: Houston, Austin,
Dallas, District of Columbia
and Chicago. The top user of
on-site energy was
Kimberly-Clark, which gets
8% of its power from on-site
biomass. The US Air Force
came next, followed by BMW
Manufacturing, Wal-Mart, and
the City of San Jose, California.
US-CHINA PARTNERSHIP
While the US-China dispute
over solar panel prices
made headlines in 2011 (see
Small-scale Renewables
chapter), the two countries
collaborate in many ways on
renewable energy. Several
groups hope the dispute will not
chill this business relationship.
Partnerships with China can
help US companies overcome
todays fnancing hurdles,
according to the Fall 2011 US-
China Quarterly Market report
by ACORE and the Chinese
Renewable Energy Industries
Association (CREIA).
Specifcally, the report
envisions a marriage of
American labour for installation,
operations and maintenance
with Chinese goods and
fnance. This would give US solar
installations a temporary boost.
To retain their market share,
Chinese manufacturers will be
required to move manufacturing
to the US to maintain supply
chain management, says
the report.
SAFEST ENERGY
Another beneft of renewable
energy became apparent in
2011: it is probably the safest
form of generation. The issue
of safety came to the fore in
March following explosions
and radiation leaks at Japans
Fukushima Daiichi nuclear
plant after it was hit by a
tsunami. Renewable energy
is considered to be safer than
nuclear or fossil fuel plants
during natural disasters because
it uses no explosive materials or
radioactive elements.
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Renewable Energy Systems Americas Inc.
11101 W. 120th Ave.|Suite 400|Broomfield, CO 80021
303.439.4200 res-americas.com
Develops | Constructs | Owns | Operates
54 projects - 5,714 MW
(constructed and/or under construction)
Founded in 1997, Renewable Energy Systems Americas Inc.
(RES Americas) is a fully-integrated renewable energy company.
We are in a class of our own with the in-house expertise we offer,
ranging from resource analysis, development, site design,
procurement, engineering, construction, through to operations.
RES Americas can:
Sell its developed and constructed
projects to others,
Construct projects developed by others,
Operate projects, and/or
Own projects
One Company Many Solutions
For more info, scan the QR code with your smartphone. If you don't have a QR code app, it can be downloaded for free.
Jitendra Morankar
Solar Engineering Manager
Steve Reutcke
VP, HSQE
Roark Lanning
Turbine Engineering Manager
Jasmine Powers
Manager HSQE
Jenny Bredt
Development Manager
Tom Duckett
Construction Development, Manager
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Wind power, in particular, won
kudos following the devastating
tidal wave. The seven turbines
at Japans Kamisu offshore
wind farm not only remained
erect but continued to operate
providing much-needed power.
If you think about it, when it
comes to a tsunami, its hard
to get much better than a wind
turbine for a source of energy
production that will survive the
event, said Mark Rodgers,
communications director for
NATIONAL TOP 10 EPA GREEN POWER PARTNERSHIP
Annual Green
Power Usage
(kWh)
GP % of To-
tal Electricity
Use*
Organization
Type
Providers (listed in descending order
by kWh supplied to Partner)
Green Power
Resources
1. Intel Corporation
2,502,052,000 88% Information
Technology
Sterling Planet, PNM, On-site
Generation
Solar, Wind
2. Kohls Department Stores
1,420,080,000 101% Retail 3Degrees, Sterling Planet, Nexant,
On-site Generation
Solar, Wind
3. Whole Foods Market
752,257,623 100% Retail 3Degrees, NextEra Energy
Resources, Renewable Choice
Energy, On-site Generation
Solar, Wind
4. City of Houston, TX
438,000,000 34% Govt. (Local,
Municipal)
Reliant Energy Wind
5. Starbucks
421,921,000 52% Restaurants &
Food Srvcs.
3Degrees, Nexant Wind
6. Johnson & Johnson
416,510,688 39% Health Care 3Degrees, PNM, NextEra Energy
Resources, GDF Suez Energy
Resources NA, Sempra Energy,
Liberty Power, On-site Generation
Biomass,
Solar, Wind
7. City of Austin, TX
406,000,000 100% Govt. (Local,
Municipal)
Austin Energy Wind
8. Staples
341,509,408 52% Retail Sterling Planet, Avista Utilities,
Pacifc Power, Tennessee Valley
Authority, Portland General Electric,
Constellation NewEnergy
Biogas, Solar,
Wind
9. Hilton Worldwide
315,000,000 94% Travel &
Leisure
Renewable Choice Energy Various
10. City of Dallas, TX
302,880,000 40% Govt. (Local,
Municipal)
GDF Suez Energy Resources NA Wind
*Refects the amount of green power as a percentage of total electricity use. Partners choosing to purchase green power in
an amount exceeding 100% of their US organisation-wide electricity use are listed as such.
Indicates Provider is selling Partner a third-party certifed green power product. For more information on third-party certif-
cation, visit http://www.epa.gov/greenpower/buygp/certifed.htm
EPA GREEN POWER PARTNERSHIP, OCTOBER 2011
Cape Wind, a 130 turbine
project in planning off the New
England coast. Its smooth,
cylindrical steel tower allows the
water to easily slide past and
around it, defecting most of the
force of the oncoming surge of
water and if its an offshore
wind turbine so much the better
because it is already designed
for salt water exposure.
THE FUTURE
As the renewable energy
industry moves into 2012,
macroeconomic uncertainty
continues to create question
marks about its pace of
growth. But the industry
appears positioned to remain
a bright spot in the economy,
one that provides new jobs,
cleaner energy and perhaps
new exports of US clean
technology. Much will depend
on consumer support for
the resource.
Research by NREL indicates
that consumers associate
renewable energy primarily with
the environment and appear
unaware of its other benefts. To
capture consumer attention, the
technology needs to be linked
more closely with prosperity in
the US psyche.
Why is this important? The
renewables industry continues
to face the same problem as
the larger electricity market.
Electricity is delivered so
seamlessly that it is invisible to
the consumer. As a result, even
though US consumers support
renewable energy, only about
14% know they can actually
buy it, says NRELs report,
Consumer Attitudes About
Renewable Energy: Trends and
Regional Differences.
Consumers obviously need
to know they have the option
of putting their money where
their values are, NREL says.
Such education efforts will
become increasingly important
in 2012 and beyond, as the US
continues to push for renewable
energy to become a much
larger part of its electric power
portfolio. This guide attempts
to lend a hand by painting
an annual portrait of the US
renewable energy industry and
its successes.
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__________________
LARGE-SCALE RENEWABLES
LARGE-SCALE RENEWABLES:
WHY WE NEED
MORE
N
ever before has electricity been more important. As the US economy
becomes increasingly high-tech, it needs more power and it needs that
power to be green. By 2035, we will use 31% more electricity than we
do today. Where will this power come from? If we continue to rely on
coal-fred plants, we will foul our air and water. So instead we turn to
wind, sun, water and biomass to power our computers, air conditioners and our
coming electric cars. That is why, despite the economic downturn, the US has
continued to invest in large-scale wind farms, solar plants and other renewable
generators that are connected to the grid. As other industries have faltered, the
renewable energy sector has thrived, offering a rare centre of economic vitality
and new jobs in an otherwise troubled economy.
WIND STRONG; FUTURE CLOUDY
The US wind industry represents one of renewable energys largest success
stories, and it continued to grow in 2011 at a pace most industries would
envy. Over the last four years, wind energy produced more than one-third of
US electric capacity. By the end of the third quarter, US wind energy capacity
totaled about 43.5 GW, according to the American Wind Energy Association
(AWEA). The industry added about 1204 MW in the third quarter, a 79% increase
over the same period in 2010.
Bent Tree Wind Farm
ALLIANT ENERGY
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Wind power installations top 20 states
Through 2010
1Q 2011
2Q 2011
3Q 2011
0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000 11,000
Capacity installed (MW)
Texas
Iowa
California
Minnesota
Illinois
Washington
Oregon
Colorado
Oklahoma
North Dakota
Wyoming
New York
Indiana
Kansas
South Dakota
Pennsylvania
New Mexico
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Missouri
Most capacity installed
during 3Q 2011
Capacity
(MW)
Colorado 501.00
Minnesota 163.00
Oklahoma 129.60
West Virginia 97.60
Texas 88.20
Fastest growing states
during 3Q 2011
Growth
rate %
Ohio 66.7
Colorado 38.6
West Virginia 22.7
Maine 22.5
Michigan 12.6
AWEA
except natural gas-fred power.
Still the industry worries about
its future, and with good reason.
Financing remains diffcult to
secure and federal stimulus
programmes are winding down.
A key federal incentive, the
production tax credit, or PTC,
expires at the end of 2012 and
to the chagrin of wind advocates
Congress fnished its work in
2011 without extending it.
Further, the US has been
slow to build transmission that
can connect wind power to
distant cities. Transmission
projects often face not-in-my-
backyard opposition that can
delay them for many years. And
new transmission is expensive,
costing about $1 million per mile
to build. Wind developers shy
away from proposing wind farms
where no transmission yet exists,
and utilities dont want to put
money into building transmission
unless a generator stands ready
to use the lines. Wind industry
insiders call this the transmission
chicken and egg dilemma.
While these problems could
stymie wind development in the
short term, the industrys long-
term prospects remain strong.
Large wind developers with deep
pockets have secured excellent
wind sites, but are biding their
time until the economy improves
and more transmission is built. In
addition, about three ffths of the
states have aggressive goals to
add more green energy. These
requirements are known as
renewable portfolio standards,
or RPS. The policy differs from
state to state, but generally
an RPS requires that about
15%20% of a states electricity
come from green sources by
specifed dates. To meet the
requirements, most states will
need to build large, new wind
farms over the next 515 years.
KEY INCENTIVE TO EXPIRE
Congress tends to approve
wind energys PTC for only short
periods of time. As a result, the
US wind industry goes through
periods of boom and bust.
Congress has let the PTC lapse
three times: in 1999, 2001 and
2003. In the years following
expiration, installations dropped
by between 73% and 93%,
only to revive again once the
credit was restored, according
to AWEA. The 2.2 cents/kWh
credit is again set to expire at
the end of 2012. In addition, a
30% cash grant in lieu of the
PTC ended at the close of 2011.
AWEA and other renewable
energy advocates are pressing
hard for continued support
from Congress, but the going
is diffcult as the federal
government seeks ways to lower
its large defcit. Some industry
insiders are predicting little to
no new development in 2013
unless the PTC is renewed.
The PTC has been stable
for the last four years, and as a
result the wind industry attracted
about $17 billion per year in
private investment, according
to a December 2011 study by
Navigant Consulting. The US
could save about 54,000 jobs in
the next four years, and keep the
wind sector on track to support
500,000 jobs by 2030
by preserving the PTC.
Colorado, Texas, Iowa, Illinois,
Pennsylvania, California,
Oregon, North Dakota and Ohio
would see the greatest gains.
But cutting the PTC would wipe
out two thirds of the private
investment in the industry and
half of its jobs, the report says.
American manufacturing
jobs are coming back, with
tens of thousands of new jobs
from wind power, said Denise
Bode, AWEA CEO. But these
jobs could vanish if Congress
allows the Production Tax Credit
to expire, in effect enacting
a targeted tax increase,
and sending our jobs to
foreign countries.
PTC UNDER THREAT
According to Navigant
Consultings Impact of the
In all, 45 new wind farms
began operating in 25 states
in 2011. Colorado added
the most capacity, about
500 MW, and Ohio demonstrated
the overall fastest growth rate
of 66.7%. Colorado is home to
two of the largest wind farms
built in the frst nine months of
the year: the 250 MW Cedar
Creek II, developed and owned
by BP Wind Energy; and the
250 MW Cedar Point Wind
Energy, developed by RES
Americas and owned by
Enbridge. Both projects are
selling their output to Xcel
Energy. Midwest Wind Energy
fnished the 239 MW Big Sky
Wind in Illinois for the Edison
Mission Group, which will sell
the output on the merchant
market. Wind Capital Group and
Alliant Energy brought on line the
201 MW Bent Tree, a Minnesota
project owned by Wisconsin
Power & Light. Terra-Gen Power
completed three phases of its
Alta project in California: the
150 MW Alta III, 102 MW Alta IV,
and 168 MW Alta V. The projects
will sell their output to Southern
California Edison.
Although development has
slowed in Texas, it continues
to have far more wind power in
operation than any other state.
Texas also is home to seven of
the nations top 10 largest wind
farms, including all of the top
fve. Figures released by AWEA
in autumn of 2011 show Texas
with 10,223 MW of installed
capacity, followed by Iowa with
3708 MW; California 3599 MW;
Oregon 2305 MW; Washington
2356 MW; Illinois 2438 MW;
Minnesota 2681 MW; Oklahoma
1612 MW; Wyoming 1412 MW;
New York 1349 MW; Colorado
1800 MW; and Indiana
1339 MW.
AWEA found the third
quarter to be busiest in terms
of new construction since
2008, with work underway
on about 90 projects in 29
states representing 8400 MW.
In all, wind has accounted for
35% of new US generation over
the last four years, besting all
other forms of electric energy
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Production Tax Credit on the US
Wind Market report, released
in mid-December 2011, with
no PTC extension the US wind
market will shrink signifcantly
in 2013:
Annual installations will be
2 GW in 2013, down from
>8 GW in 2012;
Total wind-supported jobs
will drop by nearly half, from
78,000 in 2012 to 41,000
in 2013;
Total wind investment will
drop by nearly two-thirds,
from $15.6 billion in 2012 to
$5.5 billion in 2013.
With a four-year PTC
extension, however, the
US wind market will grow
through 2016:
Annual installations will be
810 GW through 2016;
Total wind-supported jobs
will grow to 95,000 by 2016;
Total wind investment will
grow to $16.3 billion in 2016.
OFFSHORE WIND PERSEVERES
The US has yet to build any
offshore wind, and 2011
brought mixed results for the
industry. A handful of projects
moved closer to construction,
as the federal government
bolstered its support. Other
projects, however, fell to the
wayside, stymied by economic
and siting woes.
Offshore wind could produce
four times the nations current
generation capacity, about
4150 GW, according to a 2010
report by NREL. However, its
not possible to build offshore
wind farms in many places.
The west coast, for example,
is considered inhospitable
because of its rocky shoreline
and near-shore deep waters.
Most of the nations offshore
wind development is occurring
along the eastern seaboard,
where shallow, sandy shoals
offer easier construction. Until
recently, the Great Lakes also
appeared to be a likely location
for development.
The industry found itself
stymied in 2011 by the falling
price of natural gas. Offshore
wind prices are high. A newer
technology, it has yet to achieve
the economies of scale of
onshore wind. It was these high
prices that caused the New
York Power Authority (NYPA) in
September to cancel plans for
120500 MW of offshore wind
on the US side of the Great
Lakes. NYPA said that the fve
competitive bids it received
from developers were two to
four times more expensive than
land-based wind. Earlier in
the year, the offshore wind
industry also faced rejection
on the Canadian side of the
Great Lakes, when Ontarios
provincial government placed
a moratorium on development.
Government offcials said they
need more time to study the
impact of wind turbines on fresh
water ecosystems.
In addition, in late
2011 NRG Energy put its
200 MW Delaware project
on hold, canceling its power
purchase agreement (PPA)
with Delmarva Power & Light.
NRG cited as reason for the
withdrawal its inability to fnd an
investment partner, Congresss
decision to cut the federal
loan guarantee programme for
offshore wind and the uncertain
future of the federal PTC.
However, many projects are
proceeding. In New England,
the 420 MW Cape Wind
continued to seek fnancing and
a buyer for half of its output.
Being developed off the coast
of Massachusetts by a private
frm, Energy Management Inc,
the project has a PPA for the
other half of its output with
National Grid at a beginning
price of 18.7 cents/kWh in 2013
with a 3.5% annual escalator.
The frst offshore wind farm
proposed in the US, it also
became the frst to receive
a lease to operate in federal
waters. The project is expected
to contribute signifcantly to the
states RPS that requires 15% of
power to come from renewables
by 2020, and Governor
Patrick Devals target to build
2000 MW of wind power in the
state by the same year. Offcials
said Cape Wind also would help
Massachusetts reach its goal
of reducing greenhouse gases
10%25% below 1990 emission
levels by 2020. And fnally, the
state sees wind power as an
effective hedge against volatile
fossil fuel prices.
The project has now won
all major regulatory approvals,
but still faces legal hurdles, as
its long-time foe, the Alliance
to Protect Nantucket Sound,
continues to challenge the
project in court. However, Cape
Wind supporters are optimistic
the project will win on the
legal front given the opposition
groups lack of success in
court so far.
In nearby Rhode Island,
another offshore project has
also secured a power purchase
agreement with National Grid.
New Jersey-based Deepwater
Wind plans to build a 30 MW
project off Block Island. State
offcials have attempted to spare
the Deepwater Wind project the
long battle endured by Cape
Wind by selecting Deepwater
as a preferred vendor and
designating areas of the states
coast for expedited zoning
review. Power from that project
is priced at 24.4 cents/kWh
beginning in 2013. Deepwater
Wind says its project carries a
high price tag because it is a
small pilot project and lacks the
economies of scale of the lower-
priced Cape Wind. Deepwater
signed a contract in October
to purchase fve 6 MW turbines
from Siemens for the project,
which it hopes to bring online
in 2013/2014.
Deepwater Wind also plans
to build a 1000 MW wind
farm further offshore, about
2025 miles (3240 km) off
New England, which will serve
several northeastern states. The
project includes an extensive
underwater transmission
project, the New England-Long
Island Interconnector (NELI),
connecting DWEC to southern
New England and eastern Long
Island. NELI will allow the wind
farm to send power to multiple
states in the region. Deepwater
BUREAU OF OCEAN ENERGY MANAGEMENT RFI RESPONDENTS BY STATE AND COMPANY TYPE
State
Respondents
Existing US offshore player Major North American wind player Other
Delaware NRG-Bluewater
Maryland NRG-Bluewater
Fishermens Energy
Energy Management Inc.
Apex (Maryland Offshore)
Iberdrola
RES America
Seawind Renewable Energy
Orisol Energy
Massachusetts Energy Management Inc.
Fishermens Energy
NRG-Bluewater
Iberdrola Condor Wind Energy
Free Flow Power Corp.
Neptune Wind
No Fossil Fuel
Offshore MW
US Wind Inc.
New Jersey Garden State Offshore Energy
(PSEG & Deepwater Wind)
NRG-Bluewater
Fishermens Energy
Apex (New Jersey Offshore Wind)
TCI Renewables
Mainstream Renewable Power
enXco
Iberdrola
Offshore MW
Neptune Wind
US Wind Inc.
Rhode Island Deepwater Wind
Energy Management Inc.
Fishermens Energy
enXco
Iberdrola
Mainstream Renewable Power
Neptune Wind
US Wind Inc.
IHS EMERGING ENERGY RESEARCH
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_____________
___________
GE
49.7%
Siemens
16.2%
Gamesa
11.0%
Mitsubishi
6.8%
Suzlon
6.1%
Vestas 4.3%
Acciona 1.9%
Clipper 1.4%
REpower 1.3%
Other 1.2%
US Wind Industry annual market report year ending 2010 AWEA
US wind turbine market share 2010
Total installations:
5115 MW
Wind hopes to have the project
under construction in 2014/2015
and operating in 2016/2017.
Meanwhile, New Jersey
continues to investigate
an innovative approach to
development intended to
fnance about 1100 MW of
offshore wind through the
sale of offshore renewable
energy credits, or ORECs.
New Jersey plans to offer the
credits through competitive
bidding. In nearby New York, a
group that includes NYPA, the
Long Island Power Authority
and Consolidated Edison is
exploring the possibility of
developing 350700 MW about
1317 miles (2127 km) off the
south shore of Long Island.
In addition, several offshore
projects have emerged as a
result of plans by the US Bureau
of Ocean Energy Management,
or BOEM, to offer commercial
leases along the outer continental
shelf off the East Coast. BOEM
issued a solicitation to determine
developer interest in the leases.
The chart on page 12 lists the
companies that responded.
MANUFACTURING THRIVES
The stability of winds chief
tax credit, the PTC, over the
last four years has helped
the wind industry create one
of the USs fastest growing
manufacturing sectors. In
fact, domestic production of
wind turbine components has
grown twelvefold to more than
400 facilities in 43 states over
the last six years, according
to AWEA. Many European
manufacturers have opened
plants in the US.
As a result, the wind industry
has become less reliant on
foreign imports for turbines.
Imports fell 46% between 2009
and 2010, from $2.3 billion to
$1.2 billion, according to a 2011
report by Andrew David, Offce
of Industries, US International
Trade Commission.
There were nearly
400 wind turbine manufacturing
facilities based in the US as of
2010. These include assembly
plants and factories producing
components such as large
bearings, castings, electrical
wiring, fasteners, hydraulics,
and power electronics.
The sector was bolstered
during the fnancial crisis by
funding provided through the
American Reinvestment and
Recovery Act.
Given wind powers worldwide
growth, US manufacturers are
positioned to increase exports
of advanced wind energy
components. Canada, Mexico
and South America offer prime
export opportunities. But the
US exported no more than
$150 million of assembled wind
turbines in 2010, according
to a Congressional Research
Service report published in
September 2011. Competition
is emerging from China, which
headquartered four of the
top 10 manufacturers as of
2010. By some estimates,
China can make turbines for
30% less than Europe, the
US or Japan. But China faces
limits on its sales because
its turbines are perceived to
lack quality compared with
US products.
A DAZZLING SOLAR MARKET
Solar appears on track to
become the fastest growing
new energy sector by 2014.
The US solar industry broke all
of its records in the third quarter
of 2011 by installing 449 MW of
photovoltaics (PV), more than
was installed in all of 2009,
according to Greentech Media
(GTM) and the Solar Energy
Industries Association (SEIA).
Large-scale solar
development occurred despite
a lagging economy and limited
sources of fnancing. Third
quarter, grid-connected PV
installations grew 140% over
the same period in 2010. The
US added over 200 MW of
utility-scale installations alone.
In fact, over 1 GW of solar
was installed in the frst three
quarters, more than the US
has seen in any given year.
The total US market reached
3.1 GW of installed capacity,
10 times the market size of 2005.
And this number could grow to
10 GW by 2015, according to
Rhone Resch, president and
CEO of SEIA.
MOST ACTIVE STATES
California remains the biggest
PV market, followed by New
Jersey, New Mexico, Arizona,
Pennsylvania, North Carolina,
Colorado, Massachusetts,
Hawaii, New York and Nevada.
And there is still a lot room to
expand in these markets. We
only have 1% solar penetration
in existing markets, so there
is still a lot of potential to go
deeper into these markets, said
Ken Ebbit, director of product
management at SunRun, a solar
leasing company in California.
CAPX2020
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Easy to install. Shade tolerant.
And from a provider you can trust.
Schneider Electric provides a complete range of inverters,
breakers, disconnects and load centers for a total solar solution.
2012 Schneider Electric. All rights reserved. APC, the APC logo, Square D, the Square D logo , Xantrex, Schneider Electric
and the Schneider Electric logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of the Schneider Electric group of companies.
Introducing the Conext
line of inverters with Fast Sweep
shade tolerant maximum power point tracking technology.

Schneider Electric Conext
Download the FREE white paper
String inverter shade tolerant MPPT technology
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Figure at left Ut alissen dignibh esse dipsumsan velisse tem zzriliquis alit lore facidui etum zzrillan hendignit, ver irit augait luptat faccum iliquatue facilit aliquis molore. Photovoltaic String Inverters and
Shade-Tolerant Maximum Power
Point Tracking: Toward Optimal
Harvest Efficiency and Maximum
ROI
December 2010 / White Paper
by Dr. Andrew Swingler
Features:
>Available models: 2.8, 3.3, 3.8, 5.0 kW
>Easy installation
>High efficiency
>Integrated AC/DC disconnects
>Passive cooling
>Shade tolerant Fast Sweep MPPT technology
C
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MORE SOLAR
POWER AMERICA?
Sika
helps you reduce costs

and increase quality.
The infrared rays of the sun can be brutal on adhesive
and sealant bond lines used in photovoltaic modules, thermal
collectors and solar power plants. Thats why Sika created
state-of-the-art, technologically advanced solutions that have
been optimized to provide improved performance, quicker
curing times and increased process capabilities.
Our full line of sealants and adhesives allow for simplied
PV in-frame constructions and back rail bonding mounting
systems, simplied frame designs that create fewer stress
peaks on the glass panel. Sikas high performance products
enable simple automation of production and provide
best-in-class load and weathering resistance. In short,
we help bring out the best the sun has to offer.
For more information, visit www.sikausa.com
or call 248.577.0020.
2011 Sika Corporation. All rights reserved.
Sika Corporation 30800 Stephenson Highway Madison Heights, MI 48071
Phone: 248.577.0020 www.sikausa.com
While California still
dominates, its piece of the solar
pie has shrunk as the industry
gained traction in other states.
California accounted for roughly
80% of US solar installations
in 2004-2005, but by 2010 its
share of the market dropped to
30%, according to GTM/SEIA.
It edged up by third quarter
2011 to 44% because of utility
installations; however it remains
well below its earlier height
when it was virtually the lone
state pursuing solar energy.
Meanwhile, New Jersey
saw its previous red-hot
market falter as it succumbed
to a larger national decline
in commercial installations
(what SEIA calls the non-
residential market). Nationally,
commercial installations fell
24% in the third quarter of 2011,
according to GTM/SEIA. This
is partly because generous
incentives in New Jersey and
Pennsylvania, two leaders in
commercial installations, led to
the development of more solar
energy than was needed under
state RPS mandates. REC prices
fell dramatically in Pennsylvania
with 2011 spot prices pegged
at $50/MWh in mid-2011, down
from around $300/MWh in
mid-2010, according to NREL.
Similarly, New Jerseys 2012
RECs sold for about $500/MWh
in May 2011 but only $200/MWh
by September.
It remains unclear how the
commercial market will fare in
2012. But GTM/SEIA predicts
a surge in early 2012 as
projects rush to qualify for an
expiring federal credit. For the
remainder of 2012 prospects
look less optimistic for
commercial installations.
In many of the rising
solar markets, such as
Massachusetts, New York
and Connecticut, electricity
prices are high. Policymakers
view solar as a relatively cost-
competitive alternative to grid
power that can provide clean,
domestic energy, as well as
economic growth. Solar also
is a popular choice in densely
populated Eastern cities, where
little room exists for wind farms
and transmission, but there
is plenty of roof space. Solar
helps high-demand places
like New York City overcome
transmission limitations.
Because solar is largely built
as distributed generation, it
lessens the need for power
from distant plants that must
squeeze through transmission
bottlenecks into the city. Such
bottlenecks raise electricity
prices and decrease reliability.
Solar also fnds it has an edge
in the Northeast because
the markets are deregulated,
so utilities hold less sway;
independent solar suppliers
can compete.
In other markets, particularly
in the US southeast, electricity
prices are low and utilities
are less open to the idea of
developing solar. One exception
is Florida where Florida
Power & Light has built the East
coasts only concentrating solar
power plant, a 75 MW facility.
In addition to utility support in
PV installation breakdown by major market,
Q2 2011 vs Q3 2011
Remaining
43 states
19%
Next fve
states
29%
California
29%
New
Jersey
23%
Q2 2011 Q3 2011
Remaining
43 states
11%
Next fve
states
31%
California
44%
New
Jersey
14%
US Solar Market Insight report from Q3 2011 SEIA
For more information, enter
40 at REW.hotims.com
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Quality Hardware for the PV Industry
Florida, solar companies are
attracted to the state because
retirees make up a large
percentage of its population.
Older people favour solar energy
because it offers a guaranteed
electricity price over the life of
the system, said Ebbit. This
is appealing to senior citizens
because they are often on fxed
budgets. One in three SunRun
customers is over 60 years old.
DRIVING INCENTIVES
The US solar market has strong
government backing because
of its promise to provide jobs to
the ailing economy. As a result,
the industry continued to enjoy
strong state and federal fnancial
incentives in 2011.
The major state incentive,
indeed the chief driver for a great
deal of US solar development is
the RPS. Solar fares especially
well in states that have what
is known as a solar carve
as part of the RPS. These
states require that a certain
percentage of energy come from
solar specifcally.
But there is a downside to
the RPS. Thirty states have the
requirements, but the rules differ
from state to state. International
companies often complain that
it is diffcult to work with so many
different RPS confgurations.
But the differentiation also
creates a degree of stability.
If the market dries up in one
state for whatever reason,
such as a changing incentive
structure, another market
opens up somewhere else, said
Marius Kroksjo, REC Solars
managing director.
This has not been the case
in European markets, such as
Spain and Italy, where central
governments create incentives.
These markets grew quickly
and then crashed when the
incentive structure changed,
Kroksjo said. European markets
are often dependent on one
national feed-in tariff (FiT). The
German market, which has
been the largest share of the
global solar market for the last
decade, has begun to slow
SOLARCITY
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______________
down because the market has
been largely exploited and the
FiT rate has changed. Because
the European solar market is
slowing, European companies
are moving to the US. They see
it as the biggest market in the
future. We have tremendous
belief in the US market over time
and believe it will grow to be
the single biggest market in the
world over time, Kroksjo said.
This is not to say the US does
not have federal incentives.
Indeed, over the last several
years, tax credits have played
a large role in spurring solar
development. The three main
federal incentives for solar are:
the Federal Loan Guarantee
programme (LGP), the 30%
investment tax credit (ITC),
and the US Treasury 1603
cash grant.
Congress frst approved
a federal solar ITC in 2008,
which automatically refunds
30% on any solar installation in
the form of a tax credit return.
This programme extends
through 31 December, 2016,
and has brought much-needed
certainty to the industry. One
of the main challenges the
industry faces is fnancing,
but lending institutions are
more apt to fnance projects
when the government offers
long-term support. Because the
solar ITC was approved for so
many years, solar companies
can better plan for future growth
because they know that they will
have this tax credit for several
more years.
The loan guarantee
programme, or LGP, emerged
from the Energy Policy Act
of 2005 to support new
technologies. In total, the LGP
has backed $35.8 billion for
40 projects in 38 states and
has helped to create more
than 60,000 jobs nationwide,
according to industry data. Solar
benefts from the programme
all along its supply chain, from
research and development to
manufacturing. The LGP has
had some major successes,
including eight utilityscale
solar power plants in the US
southwest, totaling more than
1700 MW. The LGP programme
has been especially helpful for
concentrated solar power (CSP)
technologies, which are large
and use newer technologies.
But the 2012 budget includes
sharp cuts to the LGP, which
has some people in the industry
questioning where fnancing for
large, innovative technologies
will come from.
The 1603 treasury grant
expired at the end of 2011. The
programme provided a steady
source of cash, which helped
numerous projects become
economically feasible.
Although other subsidies
remain for now, it is clear that the
industry must slowly transition to
a post-incentive economy, as
the US government seeks ways
to cut back on federal spending.
Industry insiders say it is likely
that by 2016, when the 30% ITC
runs out, the solar industry will
have to rely on its own business
models and fnancing structures.
Many solar experts predict
that by the time incentives
run out, the price of solar will
be competitive. The Institute
of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers (IEEE) and other
organisations predict that
the price of PV will continue
to decline, enough so that
when the ITC expires, solar
prices will compete with
conventional fuels.
Tax equity also may offer
a renewed source of funding
for solar projects. Tax equity
was a prime source of funding
for projects before the 2008
fnancial collapse. But when
profts dropped after the crash,
so did tax liabilities. As a result,
tax credits had little value and
investors fed. Investors report
now seeing an uptick in tax
equity players.
The amount of tax equity
in the solar industry multiplied
fve times in 2011 over 2010.
Today, there are 15 tax equity
investors in solar and about
nine new companies looking
to invest, according to Mit C
Buchanan, managing director
of energy investments at
JPMorgan Capital. Google
serves as one example. The
internet giant in 2011 invested
$280 million in SolarCity,
a residential solar leasing
solar company in California.
Unfortunately, those needing
tax equity still outweigh those
offering tax equity. Competition
will be tight for this form of
fnancing, and the winners
are likely to be those far along
in development.
Another problem is that not
all solar is created equal when
it comes to fnancing. The
industry seems to be developing
under what Michael Lorusso,
managing director and group
head for US-based CIT Energy,
describes as a bifurcated
barbell effect. On one side of
the barbell is the proliferation of
small rooftop solar installations,
almost real estate plays, he
says, that are increasingly
aggregated to make them more
appealing to fnancers. On the
other side of the barbell are
fewer, but massive, utility-scale
projects with well-structured
deals that attract fnancial
backing. One example is the
392 MW Ivanpah Solar Energy
Generating System, being built
in Californias Mojave Desert
with the help of a $1.6 billion
loan guarantee from the US
Department of Energy. While
small and large deals make
it onto the barbell, mid-sized
solar projects often fnd it hard
to secure traditional fnancing.
These $2-3 million installations
on commercial roofs lack the
economies of scale to attract
large banks. As far as the
CONCENTRATING SOLAR PROJECT DEVELOPMENT HIGHLIGHTS
Project State Tech.
Capacity
(MW-ac)
Construction Expected
completion
Project status update
Blythe CA CSP/PV 1000 Dec10 ? Announced switch to PV from trough in
August
Ridgecrest CA CSP/PV 250 ? Announced switch to PV from trough in
October
Palen CA CSP/PV 500 ? Announced switch to PV from trough in
October
Amargosa Farm Road CA CSP/PV 500 ? Announced switch to PV from trough in
October
Ivanpah CA CSP 370 Oct10 20122013 Closed DOE loan guarantee for
$1.6 billion in April 2011
Solana AZ CSP 250 Dec10 2012 Construction underway as of Q4 2010
Mojave Solar Project CA CSP 250 Dec10 2013 Loan Guarantee closed September 2011
Rice Solar Energy CA CSP 150 Sep11 2013 Approved by California CEC December
2010
Crescent Dunes Solar
Energy Project
NV CSP 110 Jun11 2013 DOE Loan Guarantee for $737 million
closed in September
Genesis CA CSP 250 2013 Loan Guarantee closed September 2011
U. of AZ Tech Park AZ CSP 5 4Q 2011
Alamosa Solar CO CPV 30 May11 4Q 2011 Under construction
Hatch NM CPV 5 Jun11 In operation
Questa NM CPV 1 Apr11 In operation
Nichols Farm CA CPV 1 Apr11 In operation
University of Arizona
Tech Park
AZ CPV 2 Apr11 The nations largest CPV installation was
completed at the University of Arizonas
Solar Zone
Imperial Solar Energy
Center West
CA CPV 150 2015 Long term PPA signed with California
utility
US Solar Market Insight report: Q3 2011 GTM/SEIA
C
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RussTech
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hat
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banks are concerned, Lorusso
says, conducting due diligence
on these projects takes too
much time for the size of the
transaction. Therefore this
mid-range solar project often
must rely on all equity deals,
aggregation, or in some cases
small regional banks.
FALLING PRICES/SOLYNDRA
Solar system prices have been
falling dramatically, about
30% since the start of 2010,
according to SEIA. Between
the second and third quarters of
2011 alone, average US prices
for an installed system fell 14.4%
from $5.20/watt to $4.45/watt.
Prices for utility systems fell
for the seventh consecutive
quarter landing at $3.45/watt
by third quarter, according
to GTM/SEIA.
Because of these extreme
market changes, higher cost
manufacturers are fnding it
hard to compete. One solar
manufacturers failure has
become notorious. California
company Solyndras bankruptcy
fling in 2011 landed a devastating
blow to the credibility of the solar
industry. The bankruptcy fling is
under investigation by Congress
because Solyndra received
$527 million over two years
in loan guarantees for its new
type of cylindrical photovoltaic
panels. Over those two years,
the global solar market changed
considerably. The Chinese
government gave generous
loans to domestic silicon
producers, which reduced
the price of conventional
silicon-based PV technology.
The European market also
slowed, creating an oversupply
of panels. These factors and
perhaps others conspired to
set Solyndra over the edge.
Unfortunately for the solar
industry, Solyndra is being
used by solar opponents as an
example of why solar subsidies
should be cut. The debate
over the company continues
to play out in Washington and
the results are expected to be
seen in 2012.
MANUFACTURERS
By third quarter, other
manufacturing plants were also
operating less, cutting jobs
and in some cases shutting
down altogether, as they fell
victim to falling solar prices.
Manufacturers, for the most part,
have canceled expansion plans
for 2012. GTM/SEIA sums up
the problem this way: In short,
the manufacturing industry has
entered a consolidation phase,
as a persistent imbalance
between supply and demand
has induced voracious
competition between producers
and a phasing out of less
competitive frms and facilities.
Meanwhile, China-based
suppliers continue to make
inroads into the US. For
example, among systems
installed under the California
Solar Initiative programme,
domestic market share fell from
37% at the start of the year to 29%
by third quarter. The Chinese
suppliers saw their market share
rise from 29% to 39% over the
same period.
TECHNOLOGY
The US solar industry is pushing
hard to make solar more
effcient and therefore less
costly. Researchers are looking
at dye-sensitised solar cells or
batteries that use high energy
fuids to store solar power.
Others are exploring the use of
nanostructures to help panels
potentially absorb more energy,
or methods to reuse waste heat
thrown off from solar panels.
Several say theyve devised less
cumbersome ways to install
solar panels, such as direct
rooftop mounting. And the
truly ambitious look to develop
satellite solar solar panels on
orbiting satellites, which beam
down energy via microwave. All
of these innovations have one
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_________________
overarching intent: make solar
so effcient, cheap and available
that it becomes a major portion
of our energy supply mix.
CONCENTRATING SOLAR
Concentrating solar describes
two large-scale forms of
generation: concentrating solar
power (CSP) and concentrating
photovoltaics (CPV). GTM/SEIA
projected that 57 MW of CSP
and CPV projects will come
online in the US in 2011, down
from 78 MW in 2010. The US
has about 6000 MW of CPS
and CPV in the pipeline; about
4000 MW hold PPAs.
Not long ago CSP, a form of
solar thermal, promised to be
a star of the US solar industry.
But it, too, has become another
victim of falling PV prices. Despite
projections that the global CSP
market will grow from $3 billion
in 2011 to over $10 billion by
2013, solar investors are starting
to heavily favour PV installations,
according to a report by GTM,
Concentrating Solar Power 2011:
Technology, Costs and Markets.
At one point, CSP plants had
a good price point compared to
other types of utility-scale solar
energy. They were offering large
thermal projects that lowered
overall costs per kWh. But solar
PV has intruded on CSPs market.
Of particular note, developers
of the 1000 MW Blythe project
in California changed plans and
decided to use PV rather than
solar thermal technology for
economic reasons.
It is particularly diffcult for
CSP developers to secure
fnancing; investors often see
the large projects as expensive
and risky. In a time when capital
is hard to come by, smaller and
more proven PV installations
are more popular. Federal
incentives, however, appear to
be helping. All CSP plants that
are under construction in the US
received loans from the federal
government through the LGP.
These projects alone account
for expected development
of 472 MW in 2011 and
1200 MW in 2012, says GTM.
But after these projects get built,
CSPs future looks uncertain
as the technology fnds
itself in competition with PVs
lower prices.
In addition, CSP projects
can only work in places with
high solar intensity and large
swaths of undeveloped land,
typically remote with little
transmission infrastructure. As
with wind, for CSP to thrive,
the US must develop more
transmission between these
remote areas and population
centres, which is a lengthy and
expensive undertaking.
In spite of its disadvantages,
CSP technology offers benefts
that PV technology cannot
provide. CSP projects give
utilities storage and dispatchable
baseload generation, which
may be worth the extra up-
front cost in the future when
storage and grid stability
become bigger issues than
they are today. In contrast, PV
is intermittent, which raises grid
reliability concerns.
CSP also works very well
for several niche applications.
For example, it can act as a
booster plant to existing natural
gas generation facilities, a
phenomenon that is leading
to development of plants
that are hybrid CSP/natural
gas-fred generators. CSP can
also be well-suited for industrial
applications that use steam.
And fnally, CSP is a
resource with great potential
in the US because of the vast
southwestern deserts, which
offer an ideal climate for the
technology. For this reason,
many analysts believe the US
will eventually develop more
CSP than Spain, the current
market leader.
CSP: PARABOLIC TROUGHS
By far the most proven
and commonly used CSP
technology, parabolic troughs,
consist of rows of curved
mirrors to focus the suns rays,
and stainless steel tubes that
act as heat collectors. The
tubes are coated to absorb
solar radiation and reach
temperatures around 700F
(370C). In the heat exchanger,
water is superheated into
steam, which runs the turbine.
The water is condensed and
reused in the heat exchangers.
Newer parabolic trough
plants include signifcant
storage capacity.
In the US, parabolic trough
technology accounts for most
of the new projects in the
development queue because it
is better understood than other
types of CSP technology. One
of the largest solar projects in
the world is a parabolic trough
plant under development in
Gila Bend, Arizona. Solana, a
Spanish company, is developing
the 280 MW plant, known as
the Solana Generating Station.
Set to be completed in 2013, it
will include six hours of energy
storage, allowing the plant to
operate during peak load hours.
CSP: POWER TOWERS
Solar tower central receiver
systems use thousands of
mirrors to track the sun in two
dimensions and refect the light
to a boiler atop a central tower.
When the concentrated sunlight
strikes the boilers pipes, it
heats the water inside to about
1000F (538C).
Some towers use direct
saturated steam generation and
molten salts as the heat transfer
fuid and heat storage medium,
while others use molten salts
for both heat transfer and
heat storage.
After parabolic trough, solar
towers represent the largest
number of new CSP projects
underway in the US. One of
the worlds largest, a 110 MW
project, is currently under
construction in Nye County,
Nevada by SolarReserve.
Known as the Crescent Dunes
Solar Energy Project, it is due
to be completed in 2014 with a
10-hour heat storage capability.
CSP: DISH/ENGINE SYSTEMS
In dish systems, concave central
receiver dishes refect sunlight
onto a focal point receiver, while
also tracking the sun throughout
the day. Most dishes have a
small generator at the focal point.
They do not require heat transfer
fuid or cooling water, and boast
the best solar-electric conversion
rate among CSP systems. The
dishes reach up to 1200F (about
650C). They are relatively small
in size, which means that many
dishes must be combined for any
large-scale energy production.
Perhaps the best known
of this type, Stirling Energy
Systems, a pioneer in CSP
dish technology, manufactured
the SunCatcher solar dish,
with an estimated daily
energy generated per unit of
629 KWh/m
2
(parabolic troughs
only produce 260 KWh/m
2
and
power towers 327 KWh/m
2
). The
technology also lays claim to
signifcantly lower water usage
than other CSP technologies.
Stirling Energy Systems was
slated to provide CSP dishes for
the 750 MW Imperial Valley Solar
Project (previously called Solar
Two). Because of economic
problems, the company was
forced to convert the project to
PV and declared bankruptcy in
September 2011. For now, the
dish design is on hold.
CSP: FRESNEL COLLECTORS
Fresnel collector systems, which
still represent a relatively small
portion of the market, consist of
long, parallel rows of fat mirrors
(in contrast to the curved mirrors
used by parabolic troughs) that
track sunlight throughout the
day, and refect to a central
receiver in a fxed focal line above
the mirrors. Fresnel collectors
use water instead of oil or molten
In the US, parabolic
trough technology
accounts for most of
the new projects in the
development queue
because it is better
understood than other
types of CSP
technology.
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salts to transfer heat, so steam
can be generated directly inside
the receivers. Fresnel collectors
are considered less effcient
than other CSP technologies,
but have lower initial costs
due to the fat mirrors and
simplifed designs.
Areva, which acquired
Ausra in 2010, is the biggest
developer of linear Fresnel CSP
technology. Like other CSP
technologies, it works well as
a booster to an existing natural
gas-fred plant. Partnering
with existing facilities has been
the key to Arevas growth this
year; the companys frst US
project is currently delivering
5 MW in Bakersfeld, California.
CONCENTRATING PV (CPV)
Although the technology
has been available since the
1970s, CPV is only now being
developed on a large scale, as
PV prices decline. CPV performs
best in sunny places because it
works by concentrating sunlight
onto a relatively small solar cell.
The magnifcation factor can
reach up to several hundred
times, allowing a relatively
small PV cell to generate a lot
of electricity. The technological
breakthrough for the industry
came several years ago when
the semiconductor industry
developed the triple junction
solar cell. By absorbing more
light wavelengths, multi-junction
cells improve the theoretical
effciency limit to 47%, from 34%
in crystalline silicon PV panels.
For the frst time in 2011,
large multi-megawatt CPV
projects began winning
signifcant fnancing. About
170 projects are under
development worldwide,
most of which are in the US,
with 331 MW of power under
construction, says GTMs report,
Concentrating Photovoltaics
2011: Technology, Costs and
Markets. Total global CPV
installations are expected to
surpass 1000 MW per year by
2015, says GTM.
NextEra Energy Resources in
2011 started delivering power to
El Paso Electric in New Mexico
from its 5 MW CPV facility using
84 Amonix 60 kW CPV units. This
is now the largest CPV facility in
North America.
But much larger projects are
planned for 2012. Cogentrix is
now developing a 30 MW CPV
project with Amonix modules
in Southern Colorado called
the Alamosa Solar Generating
Project. When completed this
year, it will be the largest CPV
project in the world, but likely not
for long. Soitec in France has
plans to install a 150 MW CPV
power project for San Diego Gas
& Electric (SDG&E) in California
by 2015. Soitecs project will
be accompanied by a 200 MW
capacity factory in the San Diego
area designed to manufacture
CPV systems.
One of the main reasons
that CPV is starting to get
built is that it has a steep cost
reduction roadmap, says Nancy
Hartsoch, vice president of
communications at SolFocus
in California. In locations
where the technology works
well in sunny, utility-scale
applications CPV is already
becoming cost-competitive with
PV. CPV will be cheaper than
PV in these markets sometime
between 2015 and 2020,
assuming the CPV industry will
achieve a 30% reduction in total
installed cost, says GTM. Cost
reductions of 30% are likely
because one of the biggest
benefts of CPV technology over
conventional crystalline silicon
PV panels is a greater potential
for effciency improvements,
says Hartsoch. Technology and
balance of systems innovations
are key to the long-term growth
of the industry, she says.
Growth looks inevitable. There
are currently over 5500 MW of
CPV projects with signed power
purchase agreements and nearly
$4 billion in federal fnancing
secured in the US.
SOLAR JOBS
Policymakers are pushing solar
energy because they see it
as a way to create new jobs,
particularly in manufacturing. A
study by Garten Rothkoff says
that 70% of jobs created from
cleantech projects or facilities
are created at the job site. The
US solar industry has created
6735 new jobs across the
country since August 2010, a
6.8% growth rate, according
to SEIA. That brings the total
number of Americans working
in the solar industry to 100,237,
more than double the 2009
solar job statistics. Given that
the overall economy grew
at 0.7% last year and many
industries have cut jobs, says
Andrea Lookie, executive
director of the Solar Foundation,
the solar industry has created
over 10 times more jobs than
the national average. With
the bankruptcy of Solyndras
federally-funded manufacturing
facility and the media backlash
against the solar industry that
followed, President Obama and
other solar energy advocates in
the US government have to work
hard to convince people that the
solar industry is, in fact, strong.
The job fgures help bolster
the argument.
BIOMASS IS NEARLY HALF
Biomass, any plant or animal
matter that can be burned or
processed to create energy,
accounts for 50% of renewable
energy used in the US,
according to the Biomass Power
Association (BPA). Biomass is
used alone as a fuel for power
plants and in co-fring coal
plants. The $1 billion biomass
industry encompasses about
80 facilities in 20 states.
The Energy Information
Administration (EIA) in
2011 forecast that biomass
generating capacity could grow
from 7 GW in 2009 to 20.2 GW
in 2035. Factors driving growth
include state RPS programmes,
the availability of low-cost
feedstocks and the federal
renewable fuels standard,
which results in signifcant
biomass cogeneration at plants
producing biofuels.
As a generation fuel,
biomass offers many benefts,
particularly in rural parts of
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__________
_____________
Number of geothermal projects in development
Phase I Phase II Phase III Phase IV Unconfrmed
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the US where feedstock is
plentiful and power plants
serve as a local jobs producer.
In addition, because biomass
projects can use wood waste
and other organic materials
for fuel, they help prevent
overloading of landflls. Biomass
also provides dependable
baseload power, and boosts the
agriculture industry.
The cost of producing
electricity from biomass has
generally declined over the past
decade, though it depends on
the type of biofuel used, how it
is converted to electricity and
the size of the plant. Like many
other forms of electricity, the
resource has trouble competing
against todays low natural gas
prices. The biomass sector also
struggles because of uncertain
federal environmental rules,
not-in-my backyard opposition
and a lack of fnancing and
long-term PPAs with utilities.
California is one of the nations
largest biomass electricity
producers and the state expects
biomass to contribute about
20005000 MW towards its
goal of producing 20,000 MW
from renewables by 2020. In
2011, Constellation Energy and
North American Power Group
announced plans to experiment
with sorghum biomass in a
Bakersfeld coal and oil plant
and a wood-fred plant in Fresno.
Despite a diffcult market,
new projects continue to
be developed, particularly
in Florida, New Hampshire,
Michigan, Texas and Virginia.
Burgess BioPower expects
to begin operating its 75 MW
project in New Hampshire
before the end of 2013. The
project has a 20-year power
purchase agreement with Public
Service of New Hampshire,
a subsidiary of Northeast
Utilities. In Virginia, Northern
Virginia Electric Cooperative
and Michigan-based Novi
Energy won approval in 2011
to construct a $175 million,
50 MW project in South Boston.
In Florida, a 100 MW project was
under construction in Gainesville
in 2011. The developer,
American Renewables, secured
$500 million in fnancing from
Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi and
a power purchase agreement
with Gainesville Regional
Utilities. Also in Florida, Rentech
secured an agreement to sell
power from its 55 MW woody
biomass plant to Progress
Energy Florida.
However, todays diffcult
market also has led to plant
shutdowns and industry losses.
For example, Liberty Green
Renewables canceled two
30 MW wood-waste plants in
the autumn, after local citizens
campaigned against them.
EASE IN CO-FIRING
Co-fring biomass with coal is
one of the simplest ways to use
biomass. No special technology
is necessary, nor is much
modifcation made to existing
coal plants. Biomass is simply
burned in the plants furnace.
Such plants are more
prevalent in Europe than in the
US. Europe has roughly 100
coal-fring and biomass units,
many operating commercially,
according to the European
Biomass Industry Association
(EUBIA). The IEA reports that the
US has about 40 coal-fring and
biomass plants; Australia has 10.
Combinations of biomass
and coal, however, sometimes
come under criticism from
environmental groups. They
acknowledge that the hybrids
emit less CO
2
than a plant solely
fueled by coal, but argue that by
using biofuels, plant operators
may be extending the life of a
coal plant that would otherwise
be retired because of its
high emissions.
Moreover, use of biomass
from wood is under increased
scrutiny in the US. The state
of Massachusetts is limiting
use of wood-fueled plants to
meet the states renewable
portfolio standard. The
states Department of Energy
Resources contends that
biomass may not be carbon
neutral, depending on how
trees are harvested, and could
increase greenhouse gases
more than coal-fred generation
over the long term.
BIOMASS IN CHP
Biomass is increasingly used
in combined heat and power
plants, creating a highly effcient
form of energy, since one fuel
produces two types of energy
heat and power. In fact, the
EIA expects CHP to account for
the largest increase in biomass
use for electricity over the next
two decades. In many cases,
CHP plants are seen not only as
a source of power, but also as
a means to help governments
reach energy effciency targets.
Reducing consumption has
become an overarching energy
goal in several states and cities.
New York, for example, is
trying to reduce energy usage
15% by 2015. In some states,
such as Connecticut, combined
heat and power plants can
create energy effciency
certifcates. Much like renewable
energy certifcates, this form of
currency designates how much
effciency a facility brings to the
electric grid. The certifcates
are used as a way to count
the states progress toward
reaching effciency goals.
METHANE GAS AS FUEL
Methane gas, a greenhouse
gas 21 times more potent than
carbon dioxide, is increasingly
used as power plant source.
Animal agriculture is a
major source of methane
emissions; for livestock, a large
percentage of US methane
emissions comes from manure
left to slowly decompose in
large lagoons. Using methane
to produce power reduces
greenhouse gas emissions
while generating energy that
can offset fossil fuels. The gas
is attractive to utilities because
Annual US Geothermal Power Production and Development report, 2011 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY ASSOCIATION
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it is renewable and cost-
competitive. It can provide a
reliable source of baseload
power, and it works in the
existing gas infrastructure.
And the energy can help
utilities comply with renewable
portfolio standards.
Central Vermont Public
Service (CVPS) has what it
describes as a successful
cow power programme,
which enrolls local dairy farms
to install anaerobic digesters
and generators that produce
electricity from manure. The
electricity is fed into CVPSs grid.
One cows waste can produce
enough power for two 100-watt
light bulbs operating 24 hours
per day, according to the utility.
GEOTHERMAL EXPANDS
The US has 3102 MW of
geothermal capacity in operation,
more than any other nation, and is
expected to be a primary source
of industry growth worldwide,
according to the Geothermal
Energy Association (GEA). The
nation had under 40 MW of
geothermal just seven years ago.
As of April 2011, nine states were
using geothermal power: Alaska,
California, Hawaii, Idaho, Nevada,
New Mexico, Oregon, Utah
and Wyoming. The GEA says
the number of projects under
development in 2011 grew 12%
over 2010.
Confrmed and unconfrmed
projects (those in the public
record but not confrmed by
GEA) total between 5102 MW
and 5745 MW. Projects were
under development in 15 states:
Nevada, California, Utah, Idaho,
Oregon, Alaska, Louisiana,
Hawaii, New Mexico, Arizona,
Colorado, Mississippi, Texas,
Washington, and Wyoming.
Projects totaling about
756772 MW were in advanced
development in 2011 and
are expected to come on
line in a few years. California
had the most projects in
advanced development, about
355.8 MW, followed by Nevada
with 357.1 MW. Developers are
increasingly turning to areas
where little or no previous
development has taken place.
WIND
Windmill technology dates back
to 5000 BC and was used initially
to propel boats on the Nile and
later to pump water, grind grain or
undertake other food production.
Today, we use windmills to
convert mechanical energy into
electrical energy. A windmills
blades act as a kind of reverse
fan; instead of using electricity to
move air, they use moving air to
make electricity. The wind pushes
the blades, which spin a shaft
that links to a generator. Utility-
scale wind farms then dispatch
the electricity into distribution and
transmission wires.
Over the past 30 years,
manufacturers have refned
turbine design so that units can
capture the wind more effciently.
Turbines range in size from
about 100 kilowatts to several
megawatts. Technologies to
identify wind potential, as well
as to capture and make use of
it, are growing in sophistication,
allowing developers to fnd the
windiest spots and get the most
out of turbines.
SOLAR
The term photovoltaics was frst
used around 1890 with photo
coming from the Greek word for
light, and volt after electricity
pioneer Alessandro Volta.
Edmond Becquerel is credited
with discovering lights ability to
produce electricity in 1839. A
PV cell absorbs light, which is
transferred to electrons in the
atoms of the cell. The electrons
escape from their normal
positions in the semiconductor
PV material and become part
of the current in an electrical
circuit. Solar cells, made of
semiconductor materials, can be
smaller than a postage stamp.
They are connected together
to form PV modules that are
connected to form PV arrays.
Concentrated solar power
projects typically work by
using mirrors, lenses and
tracking systems to focus
sunlight. The beam heats a
liquid that produces steam to
move a turbine.
BIOMASS
Biomass power projects can
use a range of plant or animal
matter in direct combustion or
gasifcation. Solid biomass may
be the by-products of industrial
processes, such as timber and
wood waste, or grown and
harvested specifcally for the
purpose, such as miscanthus,
willow or sugar cane. Biomass
gases may be produced during
the decomposition of vegetable
or animal-based wastes (such
as farm slurry). This can be
done on a farm or municipal
level as anaerobic digestion, in
which wastes are heated in a
controlled, enclosed environment
to generate as much gas as
possible, as rapidly as possible.
This gas can be used for power
generation ideally combined
heat and power (CHP) or
to run vehicles. In developing
countries it is often produced
and used on a small scale,
for cooking.
When biowaste fnds its way
into landflls, methane gas is
produced in an uncontrolled
manner. Environmentally
damaging if it escapes, it can
be captured and used for power
production, generally on site,
and optimally in CHP mode. Also
of note is that combustion of
mixed (non-bio) wastes waste-
to-energy often qualifes as
renewable energy in the US.
Biomass technologies also
offer a way to recycle industrial
by-products, particularly from
forest and agriculture, into
power and heat. Corn stovers,
rice husks and wood waste are
among the by-products that can
be converted into burnable gas.
Sawmills, pulp and paper mills,
sugar cane farms, and poultry
farms provide so much biomass
that it makes good economic
and environmental sense to use
it to generate energy.
Waste-to-energy plants, which
incinerate mixed waste while
capturing its valuable energy
content, help communities
manage the problem of increased
municipal waste generated by an
expanding population.
GEOTHERMAL
Geothermal energy uses heat
fowing from the Earths interior
as a fuel source. The heat is
estimated to be the equivalent
of 42 TW, creating a potentially
huge energy source where
it can be tapped. The GEA
lists six types of geothermal,
as follows:
Conventional Hydrothermal
(Un-produced Resource):
Where levels of geothermal
reservoir temperature and
reservoir fow capacity are
naturally suffcient to produce
electricity and where power
plant development of the
geothermal reservoir has not
previously occurred.
(Produced Resource): Where
levels of geothermal reservoir
temperature and reservoir fow
capacity are naturally suffcient
to produce electricity and where
development of the geothermal
reservoir has previously oc-
curred to the extent that it cur-
rently supports or has supported
the operation of geothermal
power plants.
Expansion: The expansion of an
existing geothermal power plant
and its associated drilled area so
as to increase the level of power
that the power plant produces.
Geothermal Energy and Hy-
drocarbon Co-production:
The utilisation of produced fuids
resulting from oil and/or gas-feld
development for the production
of geothermal power.
Geopressured Systems: The
utilisation of kinetic energy, hy-
drothermal energy, and energy
produced from the associated
gas resulting from geopressured
gas development to produce
geothermal electricity.
Enhanced Geothermal Sys-
tems: The development of a
geothermal system where the
natural fow capacity of the sys-
tem is not suffcient to support
adequate power production but
where hydraulic fracturing of the
system can allow production at a
commercial level.
OVERVIEW OF THE TECHNOLOGIES
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Panasonic Infneon Raceway
REW Guide to U.S. Renewable Energy Companies 2012 24
SMALL-SCALE RENEWABLES
H
omeowners and small business owners increasingly
see value in taking charge of their energy by installing
solar panels, small wind turbines and other forms of
on-site clean energy. Energy pundits say this is the
start of a future where energy will be democratised.
The average person will control the production, distribution and
consumption of energy, as now only large corporations and
institutions do. Others describe this phenomenon as a kind of
World Wide Web of energy, which will revolutionise energy as
the internet did information. Whatever we call it, this trend is
accelerating at a startling rate, buoying the industry for small-
scale renewable energy.
SMALL SOLAR IS BIG
Consumers are particularly interested in solar. In fact, 89% of
Americans think it is important for the US to develop and use
solar power, according to an SEIA study. In the same study, 82%
of Americans support federal tax credits and grants for the solar
industry similar to those for oil, natural gas and coal.
This interest in solar, combined with lower prices, a federal tax credit,
a host of state incentives, and innovative fnancing programmes led
to growth in small-scale solar again in 2011. Residential installations
picked up at years end to represent 30% of total installations.
Commercial installations on stores, schools, and other large buildings
were at their highest rate in the frst half of 2011, but moderated
SMALL-SCALE RENEWABLES:
ENERGY OF THE PEOPLE
later in the year as markets like New Jersey corrected after seeing
red-hot growth.
California accounts for much of the residential expansion
because of favourable government incentives, aggressive
clean energy targets, and utility leadership. In 2007, California
launched the California Solar Initiative (CSI), the frst state rebate
for US solar homeowners. The programme has already installed
278 MW of residential solar and 393 MW of non-residential rooftop
PV. The success of the CSI programme is expected to continue
and bring installation of several hundred more megawatts of solar.
California expects to spend $2.167 billion on CSI over 10 years to install
1940 MW by the end of 2016.
New Jersey also saw tremendous success in 2011, particularly
in its commercial installations. The commercial solar market alone
jumped 170% from Q1 to Q2 and was expected to reach about 500
MW by the end of 2011. Meanwhile, new markets are emerging in
Massachusetts, Colorado, Ohio, Tennessee, and Hawaii.
FAMILIAR NAMES GO SOLAR
The USs thriving solar PV market is increasingly attracting big players,
both as consumers and producers of solar energy. Target, ToysRus,
Walgreens, Whole Foods, and Safeway are among the well-known
stores that now use solar. Apple plans to build a new facility in Cupertino,
California, which may be the largest commercial solar facility in the US
when completed in 2015. Known as the Apple Spaceship, the circular
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facility will encompass 175 acres
(71 ha) and include about 5 MW
of solar PV.
Meanwhile, the industry saw
an infow of investment from
Warren Buffetts MidAmerica
Energy, Total Energy, Google
and similar big companies. At
the same time, giants from other
industries that see an opportunity
in solar have been moving into the
installation business. Panasonic,
the worlds largest electronics
manufacturer, which acquired
Sanyo, a solar panel and
battery storage manufacturer,
is one example. In 2011 the
company installed 1652 solar
panels at northern Californias
Infneon Raceway.
FINANCING AND INCENTIVES
Innovative fnancing has played
a large role in spurring home and
business owners to install solar
panels, especially mechanisms
that remove upfront costs,
such as lease arrangements
or the solar power purchase
agreement (SPPA).
Under an SPPA, a third
party owns and operates the
solar system installed at the
customers site. The customer
pays none of the installation or
equipment charges, but buys
the electricity generated by the
system. So from the customers
perspective, the SPPA is similar
to a conventional arrangement
with a utility, which charges a
monthly rate for electricity from
power plants. The SPPA holds
a key advantage, however. The
customer typically contracts
for 15 or 20 years and receives
a pre-set price, so is spared
the unexpected price volatility
characteristic of utility rates.
Lenders, often investment
banks, provide equity fnancing
for the SPPA projects, and in
return receive a tax beneft.
In addition to new fnancing
options, states are increasingly
adopting favourable net
metering and interconnection
rules for solar installations. Net
metering allows homeowners
and businesses to sell excess
solar energy back to the
utility. Buy-back rates and size
restrictions vary by state and
can play a signifcant role in
attracting solar installations.
SEIA has warned that some
utilities are cutting corners
when it comes to net metering.
Utilities are installing new meters
around the country and many
have received funding from
the federal government to do
so but some of this new
equipment does not allow for
net metering. In some cases,
customers must specifcally ask
for net metering-capable meters.
Many homeowners do not know
to ask. So the success of net
metering depends somewhat
on consumer understanding of
home energy use.
Policymakers have become
increasingly aware of the
importance of favourable net
metering and interconnection
rules. As a result, several states
have worked to improve their
regulations. Freeing the Grid,
an annual publication by several
renewable energy organisations,
rates the progress of states when
it comes to net metering and
interconnection. As of December
2011, 44 states and the District
of Columbia have statewide net
metering programmes of
varying quality, says the report.
States without net metering laws
are: Alabama, Idaho, Mississippi,
In addition to new
fnancing options,
states are increasingly
adopting favourable
net metering and
interconnection rules
for solar installations.
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GEs planned Aurora, Colorado solar
manufacturing facility GE
Solar Garden
UNIVERSITY PARK SOLAR
South Dakota, Tennessee, and
Texas. Those without statewide
interconnection standards are:
Alabama, Alaska, Arizona,
Arkansas, Georgia, Idaho,
Kansas, Louisiana, Mississippi,
Missouri, Nebraska, North
Dakota, Oklahoma, Tennessee,
and Wyoming.
GARDENS GROW
An innovation known as the solar
garden, or virtual net metering,
expands this concept to those
who cannot physically install
solar panels, perhaps because
they rent their home or their roof
is too shady. Available in about
a dozen states, solar gardens
let utility customers who take
part in net metering share those
credits with others. Typically
solar gardens work by allowing
people to pool their resources
to install solar, much the way
they might plant a community
vegetable garden. While garden
members may not be physically
connected to the panels, they
beneft by receiving credits that
lower their electricity bills.
Solar garden programmes
vary depending on state rules.
Massachusetts, which is trying
to increase its solar installations
from the current 67 MW to
250 MW, allows solar gardens
only between customers who
are served by the same utility. In
Colorado solar garden members
must be within the same county.
Other states limit the kinds of
customers who can participate.
Connecticut, for example,
only lets government entities
take advantage of virtual net
metering. The idea originated
in California and developed
out of rules for low-income
multi-family housing.
CHINA-US DISPUTE
PV module prices have
plummeted, thanks to a
global oversupply. Established
European markets, like
Germany and Italy, changed
their incentive structure,
slowing installation rates. Also,
manufacturing has boomed
across the world, particularly in
Asia. Lower PV prices reduce
installed costs, so beneft
installers and consumers, but
they squeeze proft margins for
manufacturers in the US.
The installed price for
residential solar systems
averages about $6.20/W
nationally, according to
SEIA. But in some markets,
residential systems cost as little
as $5/W. Small commercial
installations are even cheaper at
about $4.94/W.
In response to Chinas
manufacturing boom,
SolarWorld, a German
manufacturing company with
facilities in Europe and the
US, fled a complaint with the
US Department of Commerce
and the International Trade
Commission. SolarWorld
says that China creates an
unfair market advantage for
its manufacturers, violating
global trade treaties. Joining
SolarWorld is the newly
formed Coalition for American
Solar Manufacturing, which
represents 150 employers of
more than 11,000 workers. On
2 December, 2011 the ITC ruled
that it would further investigate
whether the US government
should apply remedies, such
as tariffs on Chinese solar
imports. Some US-based
manufacturers, like Hemlock
Semiconductor, disagree
with SolarWorlds petition
and say the complaint could
damage the global industry at
a critical time in its growth. The
China-SolarWorld trade dispute
will continue into 2012 and could
distress the global solar supply
chain, which is increasingly
centred on China.
LARGEST US FACTORY
Despite the threat from China,
the US remains central to the
global solar supply chain. An
August 2011 GTM/SEIA report
found the US to be a net
exporter in 2010 with a positive
trade fow of $1.9 billion globally.
PV components accounted for
more than 99% of the exports.
In all, manufacturing exports
reached $5.6 billion.
PV polysilicon feedstock
accounted for most of the
exports at $2.5 billion, followed
by capital equipment at $1.4
billion. China and Germany
were the largest buyers of US
components. Meanwhile, the
US bought more solar goods
from China and Mexico than
anywhere else.
Plans continued for new US
factories in 2011. For example,
GE is set to open the nations
largest solar factory in 2012.
The Aurora, Colorado facility is
expected to produce enough
thin flm panels per year to
power 80,000 homes.
SOLAR HOT WATER
Solar water heating systems
rarely receive the attention of PV
in the US, but thats expected to
change over the next few years.
About 1.5 million US households
use solar water heating,
according to SEIA. The systems
are supported by several types
of incentives, among them state
tax credits, state and utility
rebate programmes and, in
some cases, mandatory use of
solar hot water systems in new
home construction.
In 2011, the residential
market did not expand, despite
generous incentives like the CSI
Thermal initiative in California.
Commercial institutions that
use a lot of hot water hotels,
food processing facilities,
and universities have been
installing the systems, but the
residential market lags behind,
even in receptive states like
California and Hawaii. The
solar thermal market faces
an additional challenge as
the federal government looks
to phase out the Energy Star
label on new hot water heaters
because of the systems
relatively slow payback.
Third-party ownership of
systems represents a growing
trend in the solar hot water
industry. Some states also allow
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use of the systems to meet RPS
goals, among them Maryland,
North Carolina, New York,
Nevada and Arizona, according
to GTM. Some states promote
solar thermal though specifc
carve-outs within their RPS.
Solar hot water also benefts
from state policymakers
sometimes defning it as an
energy effciency measure
because it greatly reduces the
electricity demand in a home.
As a result, it sometimes can
be used to meet state energy
effciency portfolio standards.
In the US, about half of the
electricity demand for houses
comes from heating and cooling
applications, according to the
US Department of Energy.
Market potential is enormous
for solar hot water, given that the
US has 80 million homes.
VERY SMALL SOLAR
Solar also is increasingly being
built into clothes, carry bags
and gadget-scale electronics.
For example, Florida-based
SOL manufactures outdoor
LED lights powered by solar.
Designer Andrew Schneider
offers bathing suits retroftted
with 40 14 (2.5x10 cm)
PowerFilm Solar photovoltaic flm
strips and a USB port. New York
City-based Voltaic Systems
offers a solar charger that
doubles as a backpack. While
these products may seem like
playful and trendy items, in truth
many are increasingly looked
upon as a way to bring electricity
at least small amounts to
parts of Africa that have yet to
be connected to the electric
grid. US manufacturers of
gadget solar see the developing
world as a large potential
market, particularly since cell
phone use is so high in Africa,
but often people must travel
long distances to plug in and
recharge them.
SOLAR COMPANY SUCCESSES
Here is a small sampling of the
many successes reported by
solar companies.
SolarCity, a leader in
solar PPAs, has announced
an ambitious programme
called SolarStrong in which
the company plans to install
$1 billion in solar power projects
for privatised US military
housing communities across the
country. SolarCity is partnering
with Bank of America Merrill
Lynch to fund the programme.
The company has also received
$280 million from Google, and is
helping Wal-Mart install solar on
its stores across the country.
SunPower, a global PV leader,
has partnered with Ford Motor
Company for its Drive Green for
Life programme. Ford drivers
will have the option of installing
a 2.5 kW SunPower rooftop
solar system to offset the power
used charging the car. The
systems are expected to allow
1000 miles (1609 km) of driving
per year using only solar energy.
Solar3D, a solar manufacturer
in California, is developing an
innovative microcell that uses
an optical element to direct
sunlight into a walled structure,
capturing the photons that
typically refect off conventional
PV panels. The cell is expected
to achieve 25% effciency. With
a prototype under development,
the company plans to
expand in 2012.
Polyera and imec say they
have a world-record organic PV
solar cell with 8.3% effciency.
Although still much less effcient
than other solar technologies,
organic solar cells have the
potential to be manufactured
on large areas and on fexible
substrates like plastic or textiles.
This could drastically reduce
installation and transportation
costs, and opens up the market
to a variety of other outlets, such
as solar cells being integrated
into clothing.
SMALL WIND
Small wind turbines (that
generate 100 kW or less) for
homes, farms, and in some
cases commercial buildings
represent another growth
market in the renewable
energy industry.
The US saw more than
25 MW of small wind turbines
installed in 2010, representing a
26% capacity growth from 2009,
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__________________
Geothermal heat pump shipments, 2004-2009
420,000
380,000
340,000
300,000
260,000
220,000
180,000
140,000
100,000
R
a
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i
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2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Annual geothermal heat pump manufacturers survey
U.S. ENERGY INFORMATION ADMINISTRATION
In 2010, the market for small wind systems grew 26%,with 25.6 megawatts (MW)
of annual sales representing 7,811 turbines and $139 million (in 2010$).
Sales revenue grew sharply by 53%, while the 7,811 units sold represented
a 20% decline from 2009.
New and cumulative units (U.S.)
Additional units
Cumulative units
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
160,000
140,000
120,000
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
0
A
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u
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i
t
s
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m
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e

u
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i
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s
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
and bringing total capacity to
179 MW, according to the 2010
US Small Wind Turbine Market
Report published by AWEA in
October 2011. The markets
annual revenue was 12 times
higher than fve years ago. The
urban turbine, or rooftop unit,
experienced particularly strong
sales in 2010, over 1700 kW, a
430% growth rate.
The market continued to move
towards grid-tied rather than
off-grid turbines. In fact, nine
out of 10 leading wind turbine
models sold in the US were grid-
tied. Seven US manufacturers
reported annual sales over
1 MW. The average installed
cost was $5430/kW.
The small wind turbine
manufacturing industry
continues to be largely domestic,
with 83% of US turbines serving
local markets and 27% foreign
markets. Northern Power,
Southwest Wind Power and
Bergey Windpower achieved the
most sales in terms of capacity
for 2010.
The industry benefted from
a federal 30% investment tax
credit, as well as incentives
offered through the US
Department of Agricultures
Rural Energy for America
Program and the US Treasurys
1603 Program. State incentives
also play a big role, particularly
in California, New Jersey,
New York and Ohio. More
than 30 states offer small
wind incentives.
The future forecast is
less certain with some key
incentives in jeopardy and siting
rules becoming increasingly
stringent. The AWEA report
said that untested, poor quality
imports sometimes harm the
technologys credibility.
GEOEXCHANGE
Geothermal heat pumps also
called GeoExchange, earth
coupled, ground source, or
water source heat pumps are
gaining increasing acceptance
as a heating and cooling
(and sometimes hot water)
source for both residential and
commercial buildings.
However, as housing
construction fell, so did
installation of heat pumps.
Shipments decreased nearly
5% in 2009 to 115,442 units,
according to a November 2010
EIA report. Capacity shipped
decreased by only 2% to
407,093 tonnes. This marked
the frst decrease in shipments
of geothermal heat pumps
since 2003.
The technology uses the
relatively constant temperature
of the earth as an exchange
medium. Just a few feet
below the earths surface, the
temperature remains fairly
constant, ranging from 45F
to 75F (roughly 7C to 24C).
This sub-surface is warmer
than outdoor temperatures
in the winter and cooler in the
summer much like a cave.
The heat pump transfers heat
that is in sub-surface earth or
water into a building during the
winter. In the summer, it acts in
reverse, transferring the heat
out of the building and back into
the ground.
Aggressive deployment of
heat pumps could avert the
need to build 91105 GW of
generating capacity by 2030,
according to Geothermal
(Ground-Source) Heat Pumps:
Market Status, Barriers to
Adoption, and Actions to
Overcome Barriers by Oak
Ridge National Laboratory.
WOOD PELLETS
Before the advent of central
heating and fossil fuels, 90%
of Americans burned wood to
heat their homes. By 1970 only
1% of the population relied on
wood. These days, wood
combustion in a freplace is
generally viewed as a highly
polluting and ineffcient method
of home heating. Some cities
and towns have even banned its
use. However, a new approach,
using wood pellet stoves,
reduces freplace-associated
problems. Now wood heat is
being adopted more quickly
by households than any other
form of heating. The latest
US Census fgures show the
number of households heating
with wood grew 34% from
2000 to 2010 (compared to
electric heat with 24% growth).
Pellets are typically made
of wood by-products such as
compacted sawdust, wood
chips, bark, agricultural crop
waste, waste paper, and other
organic materials sometimes
even nut shells, corn kernels,
barley, beet pulp, sunfowers,
dried cherry pits, and soybeans.
Pellet stoves are more
effcient and cleaner burning
than traditional wood stoves
or freplaces. Because their
combustion effciencies are
78%85%, they are exempt from
US Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) smoke-emission
testing requirements. Pellet
stoves have heating capacities
that range between 8000 and
90,000 Btu per hour.
As a home heating source,
pellet stoves are still relatively
rare and pellet fuel is not
available in all regions. The
Pellet Fuels Institute (PFI) says
that US pellet manufacturers
supply enough fuel for about
one million pellet stoves and
freplace inserts in US and
Canadian homes. Pellets
are also shipped to Europe
where they are used in power
plant generation.
AWEA
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Actual and planned transmission investment by shareholder-owned utilities (2005-2014)
p = preliminary
Note: The Handy-Whitman Index of Public Utility Construc-
tion Costs used to adjust actual investment for infation from
year to year. Forecasted investment data are adjusted for
infation using the GDP Defator.
*Planned total industry expenditures are preliminary and
estimated from 93% response rate to EEIs Electric
Transmission Capital Budget & Forecast Survey. Actual
expenditures are from EEIs Annual Property & Plant Capital
Investment Survey and FERC Form 1 reports.
Updated as of September 2011.
EDISON ELECTRIC INSTITUTE, BUSINESS INFORMATION GROUP
(
$

M
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i
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s

[
R
e
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$
2
0
1
0
]
)
16,000
14,000
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011p 2012p 2013p 2014p
Actual Planned*
7,474
8,243
8,481
9,038
9,854
10,204
12,612
13,917
13,688
13,533
TRANSMISSION
T
he US must update
the wires and related
equipment that make
up its electric grid. The
infrastructure is aging,
and it does not suit the needs of
a contemporary energy system
that carries wind and solar from
remote areas to population
centres. So, the nation has taken
its frst steps toward creating
a green grid, but the process
is likely to take many years
to complete.
What will the new grid
look like? First, it will be bigger,
spanning not only North
Americas vast plains, but also
its coastal waters, carrying
clean energy from remote
wind farms and solar plants to
population centres. Second, it
will be smarter, incorporating
digitalised systems for greater
automation and customer
choice. All of this will come as
the nation increasingly swaps
out gasoline for electricity to fuel
its cars, a cleaner and cheaper
option, especially where the grid
is powered by renewable energy.
INVESTMENT RISING
Despite the slow economy,
utilities continue to invest in
new transmission. In fact, 2010
marked the frst time utilities
and transmission companies
spent more than $10 billion per
year on transmission, a 9.4%
rise over 2009, according to the
Edison Electric Institute (EEI)s
Annual Property & Plant Capital
Investment Survey of late 2011.
(By comparison, investment in
distribution infrastructure held
steady at $16.9 billion.)
The report expects continued
growth in 2012, and then a
slowing in 20132014 as utilities
wind down large projects. Still,
EEI forecasts that developers
will invest a total of $54 billion in
transmission construction from
2011 to 2014, a 43% rise over
the previous four years.
Grid expansion and
transformation offer a much
needed proft centre for
utilities during the current
economic slowdown. Utilities
invested nearly $55.3 billion
in transmission from 2001 to
2009, according to research
by EEI into its members, which
serve 95% of US customers.
For the next decade, utilities
report they will invest about
$61.2 billion in transmission
projects. But that is only
the beginning, and news of
additional projects keeps
coming. This large investment
is good news for renewable
energy, especially wind
power; AWEA says that lack of
transmission is one of the major
obstructions to new wind farms.
BUIDING A GREEN GRID
North America is expected
to add 38,900 circuit miles
(62,603 km) of new high voltage
line from 2010 through 2021,
says the North American
Electric Reliability Corporation
(NERC) in its 2011 Long-Term
NEW GRID FOR A
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TRANSMISSION
Reliability Assessment. Of this,
about 8900 miles (14,323 km)
is still conceptual; the rest is
under construction or planned.
Texas beats other parts of the
country in terms of transmission
expansion; it expects to
see a 19% increase from
2010 to 2015.
Transmission construction
is keeping pace with plans
for new renewable energy.
But not-in-my-back-yard
opposition continues to
concern grid planners, as
local property owners in some
regions successfully block
new transmission before
regulators or in court. About
5100 miles (8207 km) face delay,
according to NERC. Hardest
hit are projects supplying lower
voltage lines, probably because
they tend to be built in more
populated areas.
To move transmission
projects along more quickly,
the Obama administration
has formed the Interagency
Rapid Response Team for
Transmission. Representatives
from nine federal agencies have
begun working together to help
projects win federal approval
more quickly. The agencies
include: the Department of
Agriculture, the Department of
Commerce, the Department
of Defense, the Department
of Energy, the Department
of Interior, the Environmental
Protection Agency, the
Federal Electric Regulatory
Commission, the Advisory
Council on Historic Preservation,
and the White House Council
on Environmental Quality. The
team will initially focus on seven
pilot projects that cross through
12 states: Arizona, Colorado,
Idaho, Minnesota, New Mexico,
Nevada, Wyoming, Utah, New
Jersey, Pennsylvania, Oregon,
and Wisconsin.
Separately, the Western
Governors Association
has begun studying why
transmission delays occur.
The organisation hopes to
fnd ways to make permitting
easier for project developers
in the 19 states represented
by the association. There is a
dramatic mismatch between
the timeframe for planning
generation resource additions
and electric transmission
development, Montana
governor Brian Schweitzer
said. This mismatch poses
unwarranted risks to vital
resource development and the
development of transmission
needed to move those
resources to consumers. Our
goal is to narrow the gap.
PIPELINE OF MAJOR PROJECTS
Many transmission projects are
being planned, developed or
built in the US to accommodate
renewable energy and improve
the grid. Below are some of
the highlights.
American Electric Power
has proposed one of the
most ambitious projects to
connect renewable energy to
the grid. The utility, one of the
nations largest, drafted plans
for a national transmission
super highway that includes a
19,000 mile (30,578 km) extra
high voltage (EHV) interstate
AC transmission system with
a 765 kV backbone overlaying
the existing system. The
EHV transmission system
would provide an additional
200400 GW of bulk
transmission capacity. To
that end, AEP has launched
initiatives to build portions of
the project. One portion, the
163 mile (262 km) Electric
Transmission Texas, a joint
venture with MidAmerican
Energy Holdings Company,
won endorsement in 2011
from the Electric Reliability
Council of Texas (ERCOT)
Board of Directors as critical
to reliability. In a second joint
venture with MidAmerican
Energy Holdings Company,
called Electric Transmission
America, AEP is identifying
and investing in high-voltage
transmission outside of
ERCOT. An additional section,
Pioneer Transmission, is a
240 mile (386 km) Indiana
project in partnership with
Duke Energy, of which
66 miles (106 km) is scheduled
to undergo engineering,
permitting and siting in 2012.
Meanwhile, in 2011 another
portion was put on hold: the
275 mile (443 km) Potomac-
Appalachian Transmission
Highline, or PATH, a 765 kV
transmission line within PJM
Interconnection from West
Virginia to Maryland. AEP
decided to delay the project
after PJM said it wants
to more rigorously study
whether or not it is needed.
In the upper Midwest and
Great Plains, ITC Great
Plains has proposed the
Green Power Express, a
group of mostly transmission
expansions. The 765 kV
project is meant primarily to
accommodate wind power
development through a
high voltage overlay on the
existing grid. The project,
which encompasses
3000 miles (4828 km) of
line, is expected to cost
$10$12 billion. The Midwest
Independent Transmission
System Operator in late
2011 approved construction
of portions of the project
which are expected to cost
$5.1 billion. The projects are
in south central Minnesota
and north central Iowa;
southwest Wisconsin and
eastern Iowa; and southern
Iowa and northeast Missouri.
Also in the upper Midwest,
11 utilities are planning
CapX2020, a four-phase
project that begins with
700 miles (1127 km) of high
voltage line to improve
reliability and integrate
wind power in the Dakotas
and Minnesota. The
Brookings CountyHampton
portion, expected to begin
construction in April 2012, is
particularly signifcant for the
wind power industry because
the line will provide access
to wind power in southwest
Minnesota and eastern South
Dakota. In all, CapX2020 is
expected to cost $2 billion.
Xcel Energy is involved in
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TRANSMISSION
several transmission projects
throughout the 10 western
and midwestern states it
serves. In its Colorado service
territory, Xcel must comply
with a state mandate that the
utility fle biennial plans that
designate energy resources
and identify transmission
plans to unlock renewable
energy within those zones.
In New England, National Grid
and Emera have proposed
a $2 billion line to run
240 miles (386 km) from
wind-rich Maine to heavily
populated southern
Massachusetts. The high
voltage direct current (HVDC)
line would have a capacity
of 1100 MW. Another New
England project, planned
through a partnership of
Northeast Utilities, NSTAR
and Hydro-Quebec, is
designed to carry 1100 MW of
hydroelectricity from Quebec
into the region via a DC line.
The $1.6 billion project faces
strong resistance from New
Hampshire property owners.
OG&E, a utility that serves
wind-rich Oklahoma, has
several transmission projects
underway, including the
170 mile (274 km) Tallgrass,
a 345/765 kV line in early
planning. The $500 million
project has been designated
as a priority by the Southwest
Power Pool.
NV Energy is building a
235 mile (378 km), 500 kV line
in partnership with LS Power
that will tie together Nevadas
northern and southern grids.
The project, which has a
$510 million price tag, is
expected to be in operation
in 2012. Called One Nevada
Transmission Line, it is the
frst phase of the Southwest
Intertie Project (SWIP),
intended to carry about
2000 MW. SWIP will allow
wind and solar energy from
Wyoming, Idaho and Nevada
to reach Southwest and
California markets.
Texas paved the way in
2008 for other states and
regions with the nations
frst competitive renewable
energy zone, or CREZ. Such
zones are designated for
wind development and offer
a coordinated plan to build an
accompanying transmission
superhighway. By marshaling
government and market
forces, the Texas CREZ is
expected to result in about
$5 billion of transmission to
accommodate 18,500 MW of
wind projects in Texas. Texas
offcially hopes to see CREZ
projects fnished by the end
of 2013.
Utilities in California and other
western states have several
signifcant transmission
projects underway. The
Canada-Pacifc Northwest, or
CNC, is a 1000 mile (1609 km)
line being designed to carry
3000 MW of new renewables
in British Columbia, Canada
to the Pacifc Northwest and
northern California. Pacifc
Gas & Electric expects
the $37 billion line to be
operating by the end of
2018. PacifcCorp expects to
complete major segments of
the $6 billion Energy Gateway
by 2014. The frst phase of the
2000-mile (3219 km) project,
in Idaho, was completed
in 2010. When fnished the
line will traverse Oregon,
Washington, Idaho, Wyoming
and Utah.
WORLDS LARGEST MACHINE
The North American
transmission system is often
described as the largest
machine in the world. The
system represents $1 trillion
in assets and encompasses
about 211,000 miles
(340,000 km) of high voltage
transmission lines to support
830 GW and 334 million people.
The US grid is actually
three grids: the Eastern
Interconnection, the Western
Interconnection and the Electric
Reliability Council of Texas,
or ERCOT. The three grids
are not fully linked, preventing
the fow of AC power among
them. FERC regulates the US
transmission grid, although
state regulatory commissions
have governance over utilities
that own transmission.
A project is underway to
connect the three asynchronous
US power grids. Called the
Tres Amigas SuperStation, it
is designed to allow renewable
energy to fow more easily
across the nation. Based in
New Mexico near the Texas
border, the $600 million station
will act as a renewable energy
transmission hub, where 5 GW
superconductor cables will feed
renewable energy between the
three interconnections.
GRID OPERATION
Regional transmission
organisations (RTOs) or
independent system operators
(ISOs) manage grid operations
for two-thirds of the US
population and 50% of the
Canadian population. The 10
RTOs/ISOs are required to
ensure grid reliability with market
practices. They are sometimes
referred to as the organised
markets within North America.
Because transmission
traverses state and even
national borders, new
investment requires careful
coordination among various
legal jurisdictions. As a result,
some signifcant regional
planning efforts are underway,
even beyond what is done by
the ISOs and RTOs. One of
the largest planning efforts
encompasses the 39 states
and eight Canadian provinces
that make up the Eastern
Interconnection, an area that
encompasses 70% of the US
population. Undertaken by
the Eastern Interconnection
Planning Collaborative (EIPC),
the project is expected to result
in three model transmission
maps for the Eastern
Interconnection. EIPC hopes to
determine what transmission
resources the region will need
by 2030, depending on which
generation mix the US develops.
EIPC fnished the frst phase of
its study in December 2011. The
Western Interconnection and
Texas are engaged in similar
planning studies.
OFFSHORE TRANSMISSION
The US is behind Europe
in developing underwater
transmission to accommodate
offshore wind, but projects are
beginning to emerge.
For example, in 2011
Massachusetts company
Anbaric Transmission proposed
the frst offshore transmission
trunk for New England waters,
one of the USs most active areas
for offshore wind development.
Called the Bay State Offshore
Wind Transmission System, the
2000 MW network includes two
1000 MW high-voltage direct
current merchant lines. Each
line could serve two to three
wind farms.
At the same time, a
partnership that includes internet
giant Google continues to move
forward with plans to develop an
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TRANSMISSION
offshore supergrid to connect
wind farms in the Mid-Atlantic
region. The other partners are
Trans-Elect Development
Company, Good Energies,
Marubeni and Belgian
transmission operator Elia.
Called the Atlantic Wind
Connection (AWC), the 350 mile
(563 km) high voltage direct
current line will run from Virginia
to New Jersey. Early reports
peg its price at $5 billion.
The investors plan to develop
the 6600 MW supergrid in
fve phases, starting with a
1500 MW segment built over
two years. The partners hope
to begin commercial operation
in 2016; the date is tentative
because government approval
can be slow, and no one has
yet tried to permit such a vast
underwater grid system.
The partners chose the
Mid-Atlantic because of its
excellent wind energy potential.
By some estimates, the coastal
winds along this stretch could
generate 60,000 MW. The
Mid-Atlantic coast line also has
shallow water that extends far
out to sea, allowing wind farms
to be built where they cannot be
seen by property owners.
Less ambitious submarine
transmission projects are
also planned. For example,
New England Independent
Transmission is developing the
Green Line, a high voltage direct
current line off the Northeast
coastline designed to carry
land-based wind power from
northern Maine into Boston. By
building out to sea, the developer
avoids battles with landowners
that can delay land-based
transmission projects.
SMART & GREEN
The grid is not only expanding,
but also gaining what the
industry calls smarts, electronic
digital technology that provides
two-way communications
between consumers and power
plants and monitors power fow
in real time. This will make the
grid more effcient and better
able to automatically integrate
intermittent renewable energy.
To boost smart grid
development, the DOE
made $3.4 billion in tax-free
grants available in late 2009,
marking the single largest
grid modernisation effort in
US history. The grants require
matching private funds, bringing
the total investment to more
than $8 billion. The Obama
administration expects the
projects to help the nation
obtain 20% or more of its energy
from renewables by 2020.
More than 100 companies
received the funds. Many more
have begun to install smart
meters for their customers, and
private companies increasingly
offer in-home displays, cell
phone energy monitors, smart
thermostats and other devices.
The Electric Power Research
Institute estimates that creating
a smart grid will cost about
$338 billion to $476 billion
and provide benefts worth
$1.3 trillion to $2 trillion over
20 years.
WHATS NEXT?
The US has moved beyond
the questions of if and
when renewable energy will
be integrated into the mix.
Now the issue is how, as
regulators, policymakers and
grid operators focus on the
fner engineering aspects of
a transmission system that
balances intermittent resources
with baseload generation to
create the cleanest and most
cost effective grid.
Given the complexity of
the task, state and federal
regulators have been updating
rules to streamline the process.
FERC issued a signifcant ruling
in July 2011 to settle disputes on
how the US will pay for the new
grid. Known as FERC Order
1000, it won immediate praise
from wind and solar advocates.
The rule requires that utilities
improve transmission planning
and allocate costs for new
transmission to those who
beneft from the lines.
Regions must now develop
transmission plans, coordinate
with neighbouring regions,
and build transmission to meet
public policy goals. While in the
past utilities and transmission
companies built lines to increase
reliability and curb power
congestion, now they must also
meet renewable energy laws.
AWEA said the new rule is
an important step in building
transmission to carry wind energy
to load centres. The old system
too narrowly defned who should
pay, resulting in inadequate grid
expansion.
The reforms could cut the
Gordian knot that is blocking
investment in our aging power
grid, says Denise Bode, AWEA
CEO. This is an important
step toward removing the main
hurdle: how to make sure all
users pay their fair share of
new lines. Preventing free-
riding will help improve grid
reliability, and reduce electricity
bills by facilitating access to
lower cost resources, including
wind energy, Bode says.
Rhone Resch, SEIA president
and CEO, said the new rule will
help the solar industry overcome
a signifcant hurdle impeding the
development of the more than
25 GW in the utility-scale solar
power pipeline.
He added that FERC
Order 1000 establishes a
balanced framework for the
adoption of regional solutions
to transmission challenges.
This rule will facilitate the
development of utility-scale
solar power in the Southwest,
where some of the worlds
best solar resources are found,
but are restricted by lack of
adequate access to the nations
rapidly aging transmission
infrastructure. Resch says.
The new FERC order,
combined with intense interest
by states to build renewable
energy, means a US green
grid is on its way to becoming
a reality.
The Electric Power
Research Institute
estimates that
creating a smart
grid will cost about
$338 billion to
$476 billion and
provide benefts
worth $1.3 trillion to
$2 trillion over
20 years.
CapX2020 transmission site CAPX2020
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Southport Equipment
HEAT RECOVERY UNITS
Dresser-Rand
Electratherm Inc
Hamon Deltak Inc
Heatec Inc
RENEWABLE
ENERGY
WORLD
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ENERGY
WORLD
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CLASSIFIED LISTING
HUMIDIFIERS AND
DEHUMIDIFIERS
WASTE HEAT BOILERS
Hamon Deltak Inc
Nebraska Boiler
WASTE INCINERATION
EnerWaste Inc
SERVICES
BUILDING AIR LEAKAGE
SURVEYS
CONSULTANCY
Jonas Inc
CONTRACT R&D
Dow Corning Corp
DATA LOGGING
CAS Data Loggers
DESIGN
Hamon Deltak Inc
Harris Group
ENERGY AUDITS
FEASIBILITY STUDIES
Harris Group
ProSim Inc
INSTALLATION
MAINTENANCE
Hamon Deltak Inc
Precision Energy Services Inc
MONITORING
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
SOFTWARE
Software
TRAINING
HYDRO POWER
APPLICATIONS
HYDRO-ELECTRIC SCHEMES
Fluid Engineering
Hydro Green Energy
MICRO AND MINI HYDRO
SCHEMES
Abraham Solar Equipment
Guascor Inc
Hartvigsen-Hydro
SINDAL Business and Market Development
Verdant Power Inc
OTHER
(ACORE)
Enertegic
RIVER HYDRO SCHEMES
Fluid Engineering
Verdant Power Inc
EQUIPMENT
CABLING
General Cable
Mobile Mark
OFS Fitel LLC
Telefonika Cable Americas
Trelleborg Offshore
CONTROL GEAR
GEARS
Hansen Transmissions Inc
Lufkin Industries Inc
GENERATORS
HIGH-HEAD TURBINES
Hartvigsen-Hydro
Sierra Solar Systems
LOW-HEAD TURBINES
Hartvigsen-Hydro
Hydro Green Energy
Ocean Renewable Energy Systems Corp
- ORES
OTHER
Basler Electric Co
Fibox Enclosures
Hamilton Precision Metals Inc
Schutte & Koerting
Tech Products Inc
REMOTE MONITORING
EQUIPMENT
Balmac Inc
Electroswitch
LUDECA Inc
Mobile Mark
TRANSFORMERS
MTC Transformers
SERVICES
CONSTRUCTION
Guascor Inc
Kleinschmidt Associates
MJ Electric LLC
CONSULTANCY
Barr Engineering Co
Black & Veatch Corp
Hartvigsen-Hydro
Navigant
- ORES
WSB - Hawaii
CONTRACT R&D
Guascor Inc
DESIGN
Weir American Hydro Corp
EQUIPMENT AND
COMPONENT SUPPLIERS
Hartvigsen-Hydro
OFS Fitel LLC
Weir American Hydro Corp
INSTALLATION
Guascor Inc
Hydro Green Energy
MJ Electric LLC
MAINTENANCE
NAES Corp
MONITORING
Balmac Inc
Logic Beach Inc
3TIER Inc
OTHER
National Hydropower Association
PathSource Partners
PLANNING PERMISSION
Guascor Inc
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Barr Engineering Co
- ORES
SOFTWARE
TESTING
TRAINING
PASSIVE SOLAR
APPLICATIONS
DAYLIGHTING
INNOTRONIKS
HEATING
Breaux Consulting
Clean Power Works
OTHER
(ACORE)
Enertegic
SEADS Solar
Solar Illuminations
PASSIVE VENTILATION
SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD
DESIGN
Solar Illuminations
EQUIPMENT
HEAT STORAGE
OTHER
Fibox Enclosures
Hollaender Manufacturing
Schletter Inc
Solar Illuminations
PASSIVE SOLAR WATER
HEATERS
Energy Conservation Services of North
Florida - ECS
North Canyon Solar and Plumbing Inc
Solairgen
Sun King Inc
PASSIVE VENTILATION
SYSTEMS
SOLAR AIR HEATING PANELS
Sun King Inc
SUNSHADING
Point Eight Power Inc
SERVICES
CONSULTANCY
Breaux Consulting
KEMA Inc
Michael Stavy Consulting Energy Economist
DESIGN
Breaux Consulting
PowerPod Corp
Stellar Sun
DOCUMENTATION
OTHER
PathSource Partners
Solar Illuminations
PRODUCT SOURCING
TESTING
PHOTOVOLTAICS
APPLICATIONS
BATTERY CHARGING
African Energy
Aspen Water Inc
Blue Sky Energy
Great Northern Solar
Great Plains Power
North East Arizona Energy Services Co -
NEA-ESCO
SolarOne Solutions Inc
Sunrnr of Virginia Inc
Tungstone Power Inc
US Battery
BATTERY CHARGING (MARINE)
Tungstone Power Inc
US Battery
RENEWABLE
ENERGY
WORLD
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RENEWABLE
ENERGY
WORLD
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CLASSIFIED LISTING
BUILDING FACADES
altPOWER Inc
Corp
InterPhases Solar Inc
Sound Power Inc
TE Connectivity
CATHODIC PROTECTION
Energy Power Systems
CONSUMER PRODUCTS
DuraComm Lighting
Enphase Energy Inc
Green Epiphany
Westinghouse Solar
COOLING
Dow Corning Corp
GRID-CONNECTED SYSTEMS
Alpha Energy
APtronic AG
Beyond Oil Solar
CentroSolar America Inc
DPW Solar
Fronius USA LLC
GridPlex Networks
Corp
MAGE SOLAR Inc
Mitsubishi Electric & Electronics USA
NEA-ESCO
Pfster Energy Inc
Positive Energy Inc
PPC Solar
Princeton Power Systems Inc
Quixotic Systems Inc
SMA America LLC
Solairgen
The Solar Center Inc
Solar Connexion and Moonlight Solar
Solar Electric Power Association - SEPA
SolFocus Inc
TE Connectivity
Third Sun Solar and Wind Power Ltd
UL
Westinghouse Solar
WSB - Hawaii
HYBRID SYSTEMS
Clean Power Works
Great Plains Power
GridPlex Networks
Pfster Energy Inc
SEADS Solar
Solar Design Associates Inc
Solar Water Technologies Inc
Stellar Sun
INTEGRATION INTO BUILDINGS
altPOWER Inc
GridPlex Networks
SEADS Solar
Solar Electric Power Co - SEPCO
SolFocus Inc
IRRIGATION
LIGHTING
Blue Sky Energy
DuraComm Lighting
GridPlex Networks
IMO USA Corp
INNOTRONIKS
SOL Inc
TWR Lighting Inc
MONITORING STATIONS
GridPlex Networks
Mobile Mark
NAVIGATIONAL AIDS
PV CELL/MODULE
MANUFACTURING EQUIPMENT
Angstrom Sciences
Comdel Inc
Dark Field Technologies Inc
Dupont Photovoltaic Solutions
Corp
Leybold Optics USA
MAG
Reis Robotics USA Inc
Spire Corp
Westinghouse Solar
OTHER
American Society of Mechanical Engineers
- ASME
Angstrom Sciences
Conservation Services Group Inc
Custom Rollforming Corp
DuraComm Lighting
Fibox Enclosures
FLEXcon
KACO new energy Inc
Solar Source
PV-HYDROGEN APPLICATIONS
Solar Tracking by SolaRichard
REFRIGERATION
ROOF TILES
TE Connectivity
RURAL ELECTRIFICATION
Clean Power Works
Great Plains Power
SMA America LLC
Solar Liberty
SolFocus Inc
SOLAR-POWERED CARS
Corp
SPACE TECHNOLOGY
Breaux Consulting
STAND-ALONE SYSTEMS
Alpha Energy
Beyond Oil Solar
Blue Sky Energy
IMO USA Corp
NEA-ESCO
Positive Energy Inc
PPC Solar
SOL Inc
Stellar Sun
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
Blue Sky Energy
Great Plains Power
Mobile Mark
OFS Fitel LLC
WATER PUMPING
African Energy
Beyond Oil Solar
DPW Solar
IMO USA Corp
Positive Energy Inc
SOL Inc
EQUIPMENT
ARRAY SUPPORT
STRUCTURES
Albasolar LLC
Build Group Inc
Great Plains Power
Hydro Aluminum
Pfster Energy Inc
Solairgen
Solar Liberty
ARRAYS
Beyond Oil Solar
DUNMORE Corp
PPC Solar
Solar Illuminations
SolFocus Inc
Stellar Sun
BATTERIES
African Energy
Florida - ECS
Great Plains Power
Solairgen
Trojan Battery Co
Tungstone Power Inc
CABLING
FiberSavvy.com
General Cable
OFS Fitel LLC
Stellar Sun
TE Connectivity
CELLS
Aixtron Inc
Bosch Thermotechnology Corp
Canadian Solar Inc
Global Wedge Inc
PV Cells & Materials
Spire Corp
CHARGE CONTROLLERS
African Energy
Albasolar LLC
Blue Sky Energy
Florida - ECS
Morningstar Corp
COATING EQUIPMENT
Leybold Optics USA
CONCENTRATORS
DUNMORE Corp
Global Wedge Inc
Science Applications International Corp
SolFocus Inc
DATA LOGGERS
CAS Data Loggers
NRG Systems Inc
GENERATOR CONTROLLERS
Albasolar LLC
Basler Electric Co
Great Plains Power
INGOTS
GT Advanced Technologies
INVERTERS
APtronic AG
Basler Electric Co
Beyond Oil Solar
Electronic Drives & Controls
Enphase Energy Inc
Fronius USA LLC
groSolar
Growatt New Energy North America
KACO new energy Inc
MAGE SOLAR Inc
Morningstar Corp
Sanrex Corp
SMA America LLC
Solairgen
SolarBridge Technologies
Solar Liberty
Sound Power Inc
Stellar Sun
Tungstone Power Inc
LOW-VOLTAGE DC EQUIPMENT
MODULES
African Energy
Albasolar LLC
Bosch Thermotechnology Corp
Canadian Solar Inc
DUNMORE Corp
Global Wedge Inc
Great Plains Power
groSolar
MAGE SOLAR Inc
Pfster Energy Inc
Sanrex Corp
Solar Liberty
SolFocus Inc
Sound Power Inc
Spire Corp
Trina Solar US Inc
Westinghouse Solar
MONITORING EQUIPMENT
Albasolar LLC
Basler Electric Co
Enphase Energy Inc
Fibox Enclosures
Lufft USA Inc
MKS Instruments Inc
SolarBridge Technologies
OTHER
Comdel Inc
Cryofab Inc
DUNMORE Corp
RENEWABLE
ENERGY
WORLD
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ENERGY
WORLD
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CLASSIFIED LISTING
ERICO International Corp
Fibox Enclosures
FLEXcon
Hollaender Manufacturing
Lufft USA Inc
Madico Inc
MAGE SOLAR Inc
Schletter Inc
US Digital
PUMPS
SOLAR RADIATION
MEASURING
Lufft USA Inc
TESTING EQUIPMENT
Atlas Material Testing Technology
MKS Instruments Inc
Tungstone Power Inc
WAFERS
Canadian Solar Inc
SERVICES
CERTIFICATION
North American Board of Certifed Energy
Practitioners - NABCEP
UL
CONSULTANCY
Black & Veatch Corp
ImagineSolar
KEMA Inc
Lotus Energy Inc
J Maurits Consulting
Navigant
NEA-ESCO
Pfster Energy Inc
SEADS Solar
Siliconsultant
Solutions in Solar Electricity
Sunnyside Solar Inc
CONTRACT R&D
Clean Power Works
Dow Corning Corp
Leybold Optics USA
RTI International
SEADS Solar
Siliconsultant
DATA LOGGING
Fronius USA LLC
DESIGN
Build Group Inc
DPW Solar
Great Plains Power
GT Advanced Technologies
Harris Group
ImagineSolar
Lotus Energy Inc
NEA-ESCO
Solar Electric
SOLON
Spire Corp
Sundance Solar Designs
Sunnyside Solar Inc
FEASIBILITY STUDIES
Clean Power Works
groSolar
Harris Group
PowerPod Corp
Siliconsultant
3TIER Inc
FINANCIAL ADVICE
Black & Veatch Corp
INFORMATION
- ASME
DuraComm Lighting
Green Epiphany
Siliconsultant
INSTALLATION
Aspen Solar Inc
Build Group Inc
DPW Solar
Florida - ECS
ImagineSolar
Lotus Energy Inc
Positive Energy Inc
PowerPod Corp
PPC Solar
Solar Electric
SolFocus Inc
SOLON
Sound Power Inc
Sunnyside Solar Inc
MAINTENANCE
Great Plains Power
Lotus Energy Inc
Spire Corp
Sunnyside Solar Inc
MONITORING
Enphase Energy Inc
Fronius USA LLC
SOLON
Westinghouse Solar
OTHER
- ASME
FLEXcon
PathSource Partners
PRODUCT SOURCING
Build Group Inc
DuraComm Lighting
Solar Electric
Stellar Sun
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Build Group Inc
ImagineSolar
PowerPod Corp
PPC Solar
Solar Electric
SOLON
SUPPLIERS OF SYSTEMS AND
COMPONENTS
altPOWER Inc
APtronic AG
DPW Solar
Global Wedge Inc
groSolar
IMO USA Corp
Lotus Energy Inc
OFS Fitel LLC
Positive Energy Inc
PowerPod Corp
Solar Electric
Solar Liberty
Solar Source
SolFocus Inc
SOLON
Sound Power Inc
TRAINING
Fronius USA LLC
ImagineSolar
SMA America LLC
Sunnyside Solar Inc
SOLAR THERMAL
APPLICATIONS
AIR CONDITIONING
PDM Solar Inc
COOLING SYSTEMS
PDM Solar Inc
DISTRICT HEATING
Alternate Energy Technologies LLC
DOMESTIC HOT WATER
AO Smith
Clean Power Works
Solairgen
Solar Rating and Certifcation Corp SRCC
Stellar Sun
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS HEAT
SolarH2OT Ltd
LARGE SCALE WATER
HEATING
Pfster Energy Inc
Radford Industries Inc
OTHER
Hydro Aluminum
PACKAGED SYSTEMS
AO Smith
POWER GENERATION
Black & Veatch Corp
SELF-ASSEMBLY SYSTEMS
MAG
SolarH2OT Ltd
SPACE HEATING
Clean Power Works
SWIMMING POOL SYSTEMS
Sun King Inc
EQUIPMENT
ABSORBER SURFACES
Thermafn Manufacturing
COLLECTORS
AO Smith
SOLARHOT
Stellar Sun
US Digital
CONCENTRATORS
Global Wedge Inc
Leybold Optics USA
RefecTech Inc
US Digital
CONTROLLERS
FactoryNetwork Inc
Rose Industrial Marketing Inc
SOLARHOT
HEAT EXCHANGERS
Joseph Oat Corp
Sun King Inc
HEAT STORAGE
HEAT TRANSFER EQUIPMENT
FactoryNetwork Inc
Schutte & Koerting
Thermafn Manufacturing
HELIOSTATS
TE Connectivity
US Digital
CAS Data Loggers
FactoryNetwork Inc
Lufft USA Inc
RENEWABLE
ENERGY
WORLD
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CLASSIFIED LISTING
OTHER
Fibox Enclosures
MTC Transformers
RefecTech Inc
Schletter Inc
Tech Products Inc
US Digital
PUMPS
AO Smith
Flowserve Corp
Stellar Sun
REFLECTORS
Leybold Optics USA
SOLAR RADIATION
MEASURING
SOLARIMETERS
STORAGE TANKS
AO Smith
Fisher Tank Co
Tank Connection Affliate Group
TEMPERATURE MEASURING
EQUIPMENT
Elan Technical Corp
S-Products Inc
THERMOSIPHONING SYSTEMS
THERMOSTATS
VALVES
Flowserve Corp
SERVICES
CERTIFICATION
Aspen Solar Inc
CONSULTANCY
Black & Veatch Corp
Sargent & Lundy LLC
SolarH2OT Ltd
CONTRACT R&D
Aspen Solar Inc
Dow Corning Corp
DATA LOGGING
Logic Beach Inc
DESIGN
SOLARHOT
FEASIBILITY STUDIES
Clean Power Works
3TIER Inc
FINANCIAL ADVICE
INSTALLATION
Aspen Solar Inc
Black & Veatch Corp
Florida - ECS
Maven Power
Trina Solar US Inc
MAINTENANCE
Flowserve Corp
MONITORING
SOLARHOT
OTHER
PathSource Partners
PRODUCT SOURCING
SolarH2OT Ltd
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Clean Power Works
Maven Power
Schneider Electric
SolarH2OT Ltd
REPAIR
Aspen Solar Inc
SOFTWARE
Software
SUPPLIERS OF EQUIPMENT
AND COMPONENTS
Sun King Inc
TESTING
TRAINING
SOLARHOT
WAVE AND TIDAL ENERGY
EQUIPMENT
GENERATORS
FactoryNetwork Inc
INERJY
Waveberg Development Ltd
OFFSHORE DEVICES
Dresser-Rand
INERJY
Joseph Oat Corp
Trelleborg Offshore
Waveberg Development Ltd
OTHER
Cryofab Inc
Fibox Enclosures
Hilliard Corp
PUMPS
FactoryNetwork Inc
TURBINES
FactoryNetwork Inc
Verdant Power Inc
VALVES
Flowserve Corp
Schutte & Koerting
SERVICES
CONSULTANCY
Black & Veatch Corp
Verdant Power Inc
CONTRACT R&D
Verdant Power Inc
DESIGN
Verdant Power Inc
ENVIRONMENTAL
MONITORING
Verdant Power Inc
FEASIBILITY STUDIES
Verdant Power Inc
FINANCIAL ADVICE
INSTALLATION
Verdant Power Inc
OTHER
Hilliard Corp
PathSource Partners
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
- ORES
Verdant Power Inc
WIND ENERGY
APPLICATIONS
BATTERY CHARGING
Bay Winds
ENECO Texas LLC
TechnoSpin
US Battery
VQ Wind
Windurance
GRID-CONNECTED SYSTEMS
Bay Winds
Clipper Windpower Inc
Dow Wire & Cable
Corp
HYTORC
Maxwell Technologies Inc
Parker Precision Cooling Systems
Seventh Generation Energy Systems Inc
UL
VQ Wind
Wanzek Construction Inc
WSB - Hawaii
HYBRID SYSTEMS
Bay Winds
ENECO Texas LLC
LIGHTING
ENECO Texas LLC
INNOTRONIKS
TechnoSpin
TWR Lighting Inc
MARINE
ENECO Texas LLC
Sun Solar
Trelleborg Offshore
OFFSHORE WIND
Dow Wire & Cable
ENECO Texas LLC
HYTORC
Trelleborg Offshore
TWR Lighting Inc
OTHER
American Roller Bearing Co Inc
Fibox Enclosures
Hempel USA
Hilliard Corp
Trelleborg Offshore
PUMPING
ENECO Texas LLC
John Crane
TechnoSpin
SEAWATER DESALINATION
Jamison Products LP
STAND-ALONE SYSTEMS
Bay Winds
ENECO Texas LLC
HYTORC
Vector Systems Inc
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
(ACORE)
ENECO Texas LLC
Mobile Mark
TechnoSpin
TWR Lighting Inc
EQUIPMENT
BATTERIES
Bergey Windpower Co Inc
Tungstone Power Inc
US Battery
BLADE PROTECTION
Windurance
BLADES
MAG
Oklahoma Department Of Commerce
UL
BRAKES
Hilliard Corp
Tribco Inc
Windurance
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ENERGY
WORLD
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ENERGY
WORLD
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CLASSIFIED LISTING
CABLING
General Cable
Telefonika Cable Americas
CLUTCHES
Hilliard Corp
Tribco Inc
CONTROLLERS
Moog Inc
Tier Electronics
UL
Vector Systems Inc
DATA LOGGERS
CAS Data Loggers
Logic Beach Inc
DIRECTION AND WINDSPEED
SENSORS; ANEMOMETERS
Remtech Inc
FOUNDATIONS
GEAR UNITS
GENERATORS
INERJY
IntelLiDrives Inc
MAG
HORIZONTAL AXIS LARGE
TURBINES (>1 MW)
UL
WSB - Hawaii
HORIZONTAL AXIS MEDIUM
TURBINES (100 KW TO 1 MW)
INERJY
HORIZONTAL AXIS SMALL
TURBINES (5 TO 99 KW)
Bay Winds
- ORES
UL
VAWT Manufacturing Inc
HORIZONTAL AXIS VERY
SMALL TURBINES (<5 KW)
HUBS
MAG
HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS
Moog Inc
INVERTERS
SMA America LLC
Tungstone Power Inc
UL
Balmac Inc
LUDECA Inc
Lufft USA Inc
NRG Systems Inc
OFS Fitel LLC
OTHER
American Roller Bearing Co Inc
DeWind Inc
Doty Windfuels
Elspec North America
Fibox Enclosures
Firetrace International
HYTORC
IMO USA Corp
MTC Transformers
Northern Power Systems
Remtech Inc
RUD Chain Inc
Snap-on Industrial
Tech Products Inc
TOWERS
Milwaukee Resistor Corp
NRG Systems Inc
TWR Lighting Inc
VERTICAL AXIS LARGE
TURBINES (>1 MW)
VERTICAL AXIS MEDIUM
TURBINES (100 KW TO 1 MW)
VERTICAL AXIS SMALL
TURBINES (5 TO 99 KW)
UL
VQ Wind
VERTICAL AXIS VERY SMALL
TURBINES (<5 KW)
SERVICES
CERTIFICATION
Alternative Energy Institute
DNV Global Energy Concepts
WindGuard North America Inc
CONSULTANCY
Airfoils Inc
Barr Engineering Co
Black & Veatch Corp
Clean Power Works
ENECO Texas LLC
KEMA Inc
MasTec North America Inc
Navigant
Pfster Energy Inc
Sargent & Lundy LLC
Vestas
Windland Inc
WindLogics Inc
CONTRACT R&D
Airfoils Inc
RTI International
DATA ANALYSIS
3TIER Inc
WindLogics Inc
DATA LOGGING
EnerNex Corp
DESIGN
Adros Energy
Airfoils Inc
Alpha Energy
altPOWER Inc
RES Americas
Vestas
Windland Inc
WindLogics Inc
Windurance
DISTRIBUTION
HYTORC
DOCUMENTATION
Paul Gipe
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
ASSESSMENT
Paul Gipe
FEASIBILITY STUDIES
Adros Energy
3TIER Inc
WindLogics Inc
FINANCIAL ADVICE
Guascor Inc
Point Eight Power Inc
INFORMATION
Bay Winds
Paul Gipe
INSTALLATION
Adros Energy
altPOWER Inc
MJ Electric LLC
System One
VQ Wind
INSURANCE
MONITORING
LUDECA Inc
NRG Systems Inc
System One
OTHER
DeWind Inc
Doty Windfuels
Hempel USA
Hilliard Corp
Northern Power Systems
PathSource Partners
RES Americas
PLANNING PERMISSION
Green Epiphany
Guascor Inc
PRODUCT SOURCING
Bay Winds
Windurance
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
NAES Corp
System One
Windland Inc
WSB - Hawaii
REPAIR
Adros Energy
Climax Portable Machine Tools Inc
Hempel USA
NAES Corp
SITE EVALUATION
Windland Inc
WindLogics Inc
SOFTWARE
Iconics Inc
Software
TESTING
Airfoils Inc
Paul Gipe
UL
TRAINING
Adros Energy
Paul Gipe
TURBINE DESIGN
DeWind Inc
WIND FARM DEVELOPMENT
ENECO Texas LLC
RES Americas
TechnoSpin
Vestas
Windland Inc
WIND TUNNEL ANALYSIS
Airfoils Inc
NRG Systems Inc
RENEWABLE
ENERGY
WORLD
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A-Z LISTINGS
A-Z LISTING
A
ABRAHAM SOLAR EQUIPMENT
124 Creekside Pl, Pagosa Springs, CO81147
CONTACT: Mick Abraham
TEL:+1 9707314675
FAX:+1 9707313292
mick@abrahamsolar.com
www.abrahamsolar.com
Provides micro-cogen and other site-based
electrical systems.
ADROS ENERGY
8 Manchester St, Nashua, NH03060
TEL:+1 6038806007
john.haithcock@adrosenergy.com
www.adrosenergy.com
Specializes in the design, sales, installation
and service of renewable energy systems.
ADVANCED ALTERNATIVE
ENERGY CORP
1207 N 1800 Rd, Lawrence, KS66049
CONTACT: Les Blevins
TEL:+1 7858421943
FAX:+1 7858420909
lblevins@aaecorp.com
www.aaecorp.com
Develops and licenses biomass energy
combustion pyrolysis and gasifcation
systems and technology.
ADVANCED FILTRATION
CONCEPTS INC
7111 Telegraph Rd, Los Angeles, CA90640
CONTACT: Teri Moyer
TEL:+1 3238328316
FAX:+1 3238328318
tmoyer@advfiltration.com
www.advfiltration.com
Provides high effciency, low back pressure
gas turbine inlet air flters.
ADVANCED OPTICS INC
PO Box 117, Pewaukee, WI53072-0117
CONTACT: Wendy Heil
TEL:+1 2625481155
FAX:+1 2625481153
sales@advancedoptics.com
www.advancedoptics.com
Manufactures precision and custom optical
fats, mirrors, optical windows, and specialty
optics. From commercial fatness to 1/20
wave, many of the catalog optics are in stock
for immediate delivery.
AEGIS BEARING PROTECTION
RINGS
(sub of Illinois Tool Works), 31 Winterbrook
Rd, Mechanic Falls, ME04256
CONTACT: Adam Willwerth
TEL:+1 2079985140
FAX:+1 2079985143
sales@est-aegis.com
www.est-aegis.com
Offers the AEGIS SGR conductive microfber
bearing protection rings, which extend motor
life by channeling VFD-induced shaft current
safely to ground before it can damage
bearings.
AEI SYSTEMS
5933 W Century Blvd, Suite 1100, Los
Angeles, CA90045
CONTACT: Charles Hymowitz
TEL:+1 3102161144
loyal@aeng.com
www.aeng.com
Performs worst-case circuit analysis for
power, linear, and RF systems, and MTBF,
FMECA, stress, signal integrity and radiation
analysis. Offers SPICE modeling.
AERODERIVATIVE GAS
TURBINE SUPPORT INC
1141 S Rogers Cir, Suite 11, Boca Raton,
FL33487
CONTACT: Alan Mibab
TEL:+1 5619940000
FAX:+1 5619943600
sales@agtsi.com
www.agtsi.com
Provides replacement and upgrade parts for
gas turbine engines worldwide. This includes
on-engine, off-engine, and package parts
for LM2500, LM5000, LM6000, LMS100 and
FT4/GG4.
AFFORDABLE WIPERS
9145 Wallisville Rd, Houston, TX77029
CONTACT: Shah Asif
TEL:+1 8322283825
shah@affordablewipers.com
www.affordablewipers.com
Brings years of specialised experience to the
wiping rags and cleaning materials industry.
AFRICAN ENERGY
237 S Miller Ln, PO Box 664, St David,
AZ85630
CONTACT: Lincoln Dahl
TEL:+1 5207209475
FAX:+1 5207209527
info@africanenergy.com
www.africanenergy.com
Distributes renewable energy and power
backup components to African companies,
including PV, inverters, batteries, water
pumps, lighting, and refrigeration. One-stop
supplier for the trade focusing only on Africa.
AGGREKO COOLING TOWER
SERVICES
1335 Hwy 62, PO Box 627, Chickasha,
OK73018
TEL:+1 4052245301
FAX:+1 4052245352
aggreko@aggreko.com
www.aggreko-cooling-tower-rentals.com
Focuses on solving cooling water limitations
using rental cooling towers.
AGRIPOWER INC
46 Deepdale Dr, Great Neck, NY11021
CONTACT: Barry Berman
TEL:+1 5168292000
FAX:+1 5164873163
bberman@agripower.com
www.agripower.com
Provides modular, transportable 300 kW/hr
biomass waste-to-energy combined heat/
power units.
AIRFOILS INC
122 Rose Dr, Port Matilda, PA16870-7535
CONTACT: Dan Somers
TEL:+1 8143570500
FAX:+1 8143570357
dan@airfoils.com
www.airfoils.com
Offers airfoil design, analysis, and wind-
tunnel testing. Designed and tested
S801-S836 wind turbine airfoils.
AIXTRON INC
1139 Karlstad Dr, Sunnyvale, CA94089
TEL:+1 4087477140
FAX:+1 4087477198
usinfo@aixtron.com
www.aixtron.com
Supplies CVD technology.
ALBASOLAR LLC
185 Devonshire St, Suite 601, Boston,
MA02110
CONTACT: Juan Ramn lvarez
TEL:+1 7035423554
FAX:+1 6175236324
info@albasolar.us
www.albasolar.us
Offers a complete source for photovoltaic
products for installers and resellers.
ALGAEWHEEL TECHNOLOGIES
LLC
9333 N Meridian St, Suite 108, Indianapolis,
IN46260
TEL:+1 87725494335
info@algaewheel.com
www.algaewheel.com
Provides cutting-edge wastewater treatment
systems that integrate algae with bacteria to
provide high-quality effuent. The systems are
environmentally friendly, and less costly to
build and operate.
ALPHA ENERGY
(div of Alpha Technologies Services Inc),
1628 W Williams Dr, Phoenix, AZ85027
CONTACT: Larry Madsen
TEL:+1 6232513000
FAX:+1 6232497833
aerequests@alpha.com
www.alpha.com/solar
Provides full-service engineering and
project development and recognized as a
market innovator in packaging renewable
energy technologies. Developers of turnkey
photovoltaic systems for commercial,
residential, institutional and remote (off-grid)
applications.
ALTERNATE ENERGY
TECHNOLOGIES LLC
1057 N Ellis Rd Unit 4, Jacksonville,
FL32254
CONTACT: John Byrom
TEL:+1 9047818305
FAX:+1 9047811911
billy@aetsolar.com
www.aetsolar.com
Provides complete solar water heaters
for industrial, commercial and domestic
applications.
ALTERNATIVE ENERGY
INSTITUTE
W Texas A&M University, PO Box 60248 WT,
Canyon, TX79016
CONTACT: Byungik Chang
TEL:+1 8066512295
FAX:+1 8066512733
aeimail@wtamu.edu
www.windenergy.org
Tests, designs and trains in renewables,
primarily wind energy. The institute has
worked with 80 system prototypes and frst
production units to improve designs.
ALTPOWER INC
125 Maiden Ln, Suite 307, New York,
NY10038
CONTACT: Anthony Pereira
TEL:+1 2122060022
FAX:+1 2122060893
info@altpower.com
www.altpower.com
Provides renewable energy systems, design
and integration.
ALTURDYNE
660 Steele St, El Cajon, CA92020
CONTACT: Frank Verbeke
TEL:+1 6144405531
FAX:+1 6144420481
info@alturdyne.com
www.alturdyne.com
Provides custom assembles power units to 2
MW using engines and turbines.
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AMBASSADOR HEAT
TRANSFER CO
10080 Alliance Rd, Cincinnati, OH45242
TEL:+1 5137929800
FAX:+1 5137929933
sales@ambassadorco.com
www.ambassadorco.com
Engineers and manufactures surface
condensers and heat exchangers.
AMEC E&C SERVICES
1979 Lakeside Pkwy, Suite 400, Tucker,
GA30084
CONTACT: Fadi Ashy
TEL:+1 7706882500
FAX:+1 7706882910
roy.sensenig@amec.com
www.amec.com
Supplies high-value consultancy, engineering
and project management services to the
worlds natural resources, nuclear, clean
energy, water and environmental sectors.
AMERICAN COUNCIL ON
RENEWABLE ENERGY (ACORE)
PO Box 33518, Washington, DC20033-3518
CONTACT: Tom Weirich
TEL:+1 2023930001
FAX:+1 2023930606
membership@acore.org
www.acore.org
Provides energy effciency information
for consumers, energy professionals and
policymakers.
AMERICAN HEAT AND POWER
LLC
16225 Park Ten Pl Dr, Suite 500, Houston,
TX77084
CONTACT: Darren Habetz
TEL:+1 2819944122
FAX:+1 2819944123
darren.habetz@americanheatandpower.com
www.americanheatandpower.com
Offers renewable, alternative waste energy
solutions, biosolids energy and CHP.
AMERICAN MOISTENING CO -
AMCO
10402 Rodney St, PO Box 1066, Pineville,
NC28134
CONTACT: Michael E. Fonzo
TEL:+1 7048897281
FAX:+1 7048897270
amco@amco.com
www.amco.com
Offers custom designed fogging systems and
ancillary equipment for combustion turbine
inlet air.
AMERICAN PULVERIZER CO
1319 Macklind Ave, St Louis, MO63110
CONTACT: James Holder
TEL:+1 3147816100
FAX:+1 3147819209
sales@ampulverizer.com
www.ampulverizer.com
Manufactures reduction equipment and
supplies industrial processes and equipment.
AMERICAN ROLLER BEARING
CO INC
400 2nd Ave NW, Hickory, NC28061
CONTACT: Jean Pierre Martineau
TEL:+1 4129522004
FAX:+1 8286241461
pmartineau@amroll.com
www.amroll.com
Manufactures cylindrical and tapered roller
bearings up to 84 diameter in a variety of
types and confgurations, along with ball and
spherical plain bearings.
AMERICAN SENSOR
TECHNOLOGIES
450 Clark Dr, Mt Olive, NJ07828
CONTACT: Karmjit Sidhu
TEL:+1 9734481901
FAX:+1 9734481905
info@astsensors.com
www.astsensors.com
AMERICAN SOCIETY OF
MECHANICAL ENGINEERS -
ASME
3 Park Ave, New York, NY10016
CONTACT: Annette Missouri
TEL:+1 8008432763
FAX:+1 2125917061
infocentral@asme.org
www.asme.org
Serves 125,000 members worldwide. Offers
a broad range of products and services,
including codes and standards, mechanical
engineering magazine, public short courses,
and on-site training.
AMETEK POWER
INSTRUMENTS
255 N Union St, Rochester, NY14605
CONTACT: Joe Ostrowsky
TEL:+1 5852637700
FAX:+1 5852624777
power.sales@ametek.com
www.ametekpower.com
Offers revenue/panel meters, power quality
monitors, annunciators, fault recorders,
substation monitors, pressure transducers,
communication fber optic/access
multiplexers, narrowband power-line carrier
for power measurement, power recording,
power quality and alarm monitoring.
AMPIRICAL SOLUTIONS LLC
661 River Highlands Blvd, Covington,
LA70433
CONTACT: Dave Mitchell
TEL:+1 9858095240
FAX:+1 9858095250
dmitchell@ampirical.com
www.ampirical.com
ANDY J EGAN CO INC
2001 Waldorf NW, Grand Rapids, MI49544
TEL:+1 6167919952
FAX:+1 6167911037
info@andyegan.com
www.andyegan.com
Offers ASME code welded pipe spools and
custom, turnkey skid packages, such as
CIP skids, flter packages, steam stations,
heat exchanger packages, code vessels,
and more.
ANGSTROM SCIENCES
40 S Linden St, Duquesne, PA15110
CONTACT: Mark Bernick
TEL:+1 4124698466
FAX:+1 4124698511
info@angstromsciences.com
www.angstromsciences.com
Manufactures magnetron sputtering
cathodes and PVD materials for thin-flm
deposition.
AO SMITH
Water Products Company Div, 500 Tennessee
Waltz Pkwy, Ashland City, TN37015
TEL:+1 8005271953
FAX:+1 6157922163
www.hotwater.com
Manufactures and markets residential and
commercial water heaters and hydronic
boilers.
APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES INC
16815 W Wisconsin Ave, Brookfield,
WI53005
CONTACT: Dennis Totzke
TEL:+1 2627847690
FAX:+1 2627846847
www.ati-ae.com
Offers engineering and architectural
consulting, specializing in biogas utilization.
APPLIED THERMODYNAMICS
891 S Lake Rd, Middlesex, NY14507
TEL:+1 5855544192
FAX:+1 5855544971
garyhoffman@appliedthermodynamics.com
www.appliedthermodynamics.com
Offers consulting engineering in renewable
and green energy.
APTRONIC AG
308 Hibernia Rd, Salt Point, NY12578
TEL:+1 8452669209
info@aptronic-solar.com
www.aptronic-solar.com
Specialises in high-quality solutions of
power electronics and services at attractive
prices. Develops and manufactures
high-performance and customer-oriented
micro-inverters, along with compatible
communication solutions.
AQUATECH
One Four Coins Dr, Canonsburg, PA15317
CONTACT: Patrick Randall
TEL:+1 7247465300
FAX:+1 7247465359
aic@aquatech.com
www.aquatech.com
Offers integrated solutions for water and
wastewater treatment for the industrial and
infrastructure markets: pretreatment, ion
exchange, membrane processes, wastewater
recycle/reuse, desalination and ZLD.
ARGUSON
332 Nichol Mill Ln, Franklin, TN37067
TEL:+1 6155032000
FAX:+1 6152612600
info@arguson.com
www.arguson.com
Offers the ArgusON solar power manager,
designed to support system owners,
integrators and PPA providers as a highly
effective solution offering active monitoring
and proactive solar site management.
ARKEMA INC
900 First Ave, King of Prussia, PA19406
TEL:+1 6102057000
FAX:+1 6102057913
info@arkema-inc.com
www.arkema-inc.com
Produces industrial chemicals, including
acrylics, PMMA, thiochemicals,
fuorochemicals, and hydrogen peroxide
and of performance products like technical
polymers, specialty chemical organic
peroxides and additives.
ARRAY TECHNOLOGIES INC
3312 Stanford NE, Albuquerque, NM87107
CONTACT: Michael Reed
TEL:+1 5058817567
FAX:+1 5058817572
sales@wattsun.com
www.arraytechinc.com
Manufactures Duratrack-HZ solar trackers
for utility applications, and Wattsun solar
trackers for small commercial and residential
applications.
ASPEN SOLAR INC
PO Box 2391, Aspen, CO81612
CONTACT: Mike Tierney
TEL:+1 9709253659
FAX:+1 9709253659
mike@aspensolar.com
www.aspensolar.com
Designs, installs and consults in solar thermal
and electrical systems.
ASPEN WATER INC
1300 E Arapaho Rd, Suite 208, Richardson,
TX75081-2445
CONTACT: Kimberly Atchley
TEL:+1 9726800006
FAX:+1 9726800032
info@aspenwater.com
www.aspenwater.com
Offers solar powered water purifcation.
ATLAS MATERIAL TESTING
TECHNOLOGY
4114 N Ravenswood Ave, Chicago, IL60613
TEL:+1 7733274520
FAX:+1 7733275787
info@atlas-mts.com
www.atlas-mts.com
Provides testing solutions to determine how
long a product will last.
AVIDA AMERICAS LLC
146 E 84th St, Suite 3, New York, NY10028
CONTACT: James Lassner
TEL:+1 6462590000
FAX:+1 6462590001
recycle@avidaamericas.com
www.avidaamericas.com
Offers customised reclamation and recycling
programs for nonferrous metals, catalysts,
residues and more.
B
BALMAC INC
8205 Estates Pkwy, Suite N, Plain City,
OH43064-8080
CONTACT: Steve Crawford
TEL:+1 6148738222
FAX:+1 6148732519
sales@balmacinc.com
www.balmacinc.com
Manufactures vibration meters, analyzers,
monitors, sensors, transmitters, switches
and more.
BARR ENGINEERING CO
4700 W 77th St, Suite 200, Minneapolis,
MN55435-4803
CONTACT: William Forsmark
TEL:+1 9528322600
FAX:+1 9528322601
wforsmark@barr.com
www.barr.com
Offers engineering design and environmental
permitting for industrial clients nationwide.
BASLER ELECTRIC CO
12570 State Rt 143, Highland, IL62249-1074
CONTACT: Ken Rhodes
TEL:+1 6186542341
FAX:+1 6186542351
info@basler.com
www.basler.com
Designs and manufactures photovotaic
inverters, excitation systems, and
multifunction relay systems for solar, hydro
and wind applications.
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BATTIC DOOR ENERGY
CONSERVATION PRODUCTS
PO Box 15, Mansfield, MA02048-0015
CONTACT: Mark Tyrol
TEL:+1 5083209082
mark@batticdoor.com
www.batticdoor.com
Manufactures and distributes low-cost
residential energy conservation products.
BAY WINDS
2410 W Charles St, Appleton, WI54914
CONTACT: Douglas Johnson
TEL:+1 9202572529
sales@baywinds.com
www.baywinds.com
Supplies small grid-interconnect, horizontal
axis and up-wind wind turbines.
BD CONSULTING AND
INVESTIGATIONS INC
4075 Evergreen Village Sq, Suite 160-116,
San Jose, CA95135
TEL:+1 4082702139
FAX:+1 4082702217
info@bdcon.net
www.bdcon.net
Provides business risk management
with emphasis on renewable energy and
technology.
BEKAERT CEB
TECHNOLOGIES
1000 Cobb Pl Blvd, Bldg 100, Suite 130,
Kenneshaw, GA30144
TEL:+1 7705142215
FAX:+1 7704239181
infoceb@bekaert.com
www.bekaert.com/flaring
Keeps the environment clean when burning
waste gases.
BELLEFLEX TECHNOLOGIES
LLC
559 Freeport Rd, Freeport, PA16229
CONTACT: Frank Ballina
TEL:+1 7245405053
FAX:+1 7245405053
fballina@belleflex.com
www.belleflex.com
Manufactures Belleville disc springs including
fange bolting, inch series bolt washers, ball
bearing disc springs, metric fasteners, metric
series Bellevilles, and custom products.
Plating available. Free engineering support.
BELLSTAR RESEARCH
LABORATORIES
13208 Roselle Ave, Hawthorne, CA90250
CONTACT: D DeBlair
TEL:+1 4153054226
vossua@yahoo.com
Provides research and development of new
waste cogeneration methods for electricity
and hydrogen.
BERGEY WINDPOWER CO INC
2200 Industrial Blvd, Norman, OK73069
CONTACT: Steve Wilke
TEL:+1 4053644212
FAX:+1 4053642078
sales@bergey.com
www.bergey.com
Offers small wind turbines for rural
electrifcation, telecommunications, pumping
and grid-intertie applications.
BEYOND OIL SOLAR
49 Morning Sun Ave, Mill Valley, CA94941
CONTACT: Daniel Rivest
TEL:+1 4153880838
FAX:+1 4153891373
info@beyondoilsolar.com
www.beyondoilsolar.com
Resells alternative energy equipment,
including photovoltaic modules.
BLACK & VEATCH CORP
B&V Energy Div, 11401 Lamar Ave, Overland
Park, KS66211
CONTACT: John Felski
TEL:+1 9134582000
www.bv.com
Offers global engineering, consulting and
construction specializing in infrastructure
development.
BLUE HARBOR ENERGY INC
636 W Water St, Hancock, MI49930
CONTACT: Bruce Woodry
TEL:+1 9064830406
info@blueharborenergy.com
www.blueharborenergy.com
Provides co-development assistance
for energy savings, waste recovery and
renewable energy projects.
BLUE SKY ENERGY
2598 Fortune Way, Suite K, Vista, CA92081
CONTACT: Melanie Cullen
TEL:+1 7605971642
FAX:+1 7605971731
sales@blueskyenergyinc.com
www.blueskyenergyinc.com
Manufactures Solar Boost MPPT solar
charge controllers. Designed for off grid
and battery based systems for commercial,
industrial and consumer applications since
1998.
BONNEVILLE POWER
ADMINISTRATION
PO Box 3621, Portland, OR97232-4170
CONTACT: Debra Malin
TEL:+1 5032305701
FAX:+1 5032303681
djmalin@bpa.gov
www.bpa.gov
Offers a federal power marketing agency.
BOSCH THERMOTECHNOLOGY
CORP
50 Wentworth Ave, Londonderry, NH03053
CONTACT: Tara McNamara
TEL:+1 8666423198
FAX:+1 6035841681
info@bosch-climate.us
www.bosch-climate.us
Provides sillicon-based photovoltaic
products.
BOYLE ENERGY SERVICES &
TECHNOLOGY
28 Locke Rd, Concord, NH03301
TEL:+1 8778256151
FAX:+1 6032275201
solar@boyleenergy.com
www.boyleenergy.com
Leads in energy commissioning innovation,
engineering, and service through technical
differentiation offering the fastest and most
effective cleaning and commissioning service
technique known as, SigmaSolar.
BREAUX CONSULTING
11301 Lime Creek Rd, Leander, TX78641
CONTACT: Paul Breaux
TEL:+1 5122491976
pbreaux@hotmail.com
www.selfsufficientintexas.com
Consults in self-suffciency and solar building
design.
BRIDGESTONE ASSOCIATES
LTD
6 Independence Way, Suite 100, Chadds
Ford, PA19317
CONTACT: Martin Anderson
TEL:+1 6103886191
FAX:+1 6103880394
solutions@brdgstn.com
www.brdgstn.com
Consults, performs technical and economic
feasibility studies, prepares conceptual
designs and equipment selection, cost
estimates, develops and designs CHP and
solar thermal, PV, biomass, wind and other
renewable energy projects.
BRUSH TURBOGENERATORS
INC
(div of BRUSH Turbogenerators), 15110
Northwest Freeway, Suite 150, Houston,
TX77040
CONTACT: Derek King
TEL:+1 2815801314
FAX:+1 2815805801
salesus@brush.eu
www.brush.eu
Manufactures high-voltage synchronous
generators and power management systems.
BS ROTOR TECHNIC USA LLC
(sub of BS Rotor Technic), 2200 E Winston
Rd, Anaheim, CA92806
TEL:+1 8884476867
info@bs-rotor.com
www.bs-rotor.com
Specialises in rotor blade repairs on-site.
BUILD GROUP INC
457 Minna St, Suite 100, San Francisco,
CA94103
TEL:+1 4153679399
info@buildgc.com
www.buildgc.com
Provides design/build services for solar
support structures. The innovative patent
pending adaptable array product, Solumbria,
adjusts to ft any PV module and offers
clients ultimate design fexibility.
BUREAU VERITAS NORTH
AMERICA INC
180 Promenade Cir, Suite 150, Sacramento,
CA95834
TEL:+1 9167254200
FAX:+1 9167258242
www.bureauveritas.com
Provides full support to get compliant and
to reduce risks as far as quality, health
and safety and environmental issues are
concerned.
BURNDY
47 E Industrial Park Dr, Manchester,
NH03109
TEL:+1 6036475000
FAX:+1 6036475202
uselectrical@burndy.com
www.burndy.com
BURNS & MCDONNELL
Energy Div, 9400 Ward Pkwy, Kansas City,
MO64114
CONTACT: Doug Riedel
TEL:+1 8163339400
FAX:+1 8163333690
energy@burnsmcd.com
www.burnsmcd.com
Provides fnancial studies, planning,
environmental analysis and permitting,
design and construction management.
BURNS & MCDONNELL
ENGINEERING CO INC
4742 N 24th St, Suite 355, Phoenix,
AZ85016
TEL:+1 6029772623
FAX:+1 6029772660
pjohnston@burnsmcd.com
www.burnsmcd.com
Plans, designs and constructs facilities
worldwide.
C
CALNETIX INC
23695 Via Del Rio, Yorba Linda, CA92887
CONTACT: Herman Artinian
TEL:+1 5622931660
FAX:+1 5622931661
sales@calnetix.com
www.calnetix.com
Manufactures high effciency electric PM
motor and generator systems.
CALNETIX POWER SOLUTIONS
2901 SE Monroe St, Stuart, FL34997
CONTACT: Wendy Holt
TEL:+1 7722199449
FAX:+1 7722199448
sales@calnetixps.com
www.calnetixps.com
Provides cogeneration, green energy,
distributed generation and micro turbines.
CALRECOVERY INC
2454 Stanwell Dr, Concord, CA94520-4811
CONTACT: Luis Diaz
TEL:+1 9253563700
FAX:+1 9253567956
mail@calrecovery.com
www.calrecovery.com
CAMBRIDGE PROJECT
DEVELOPMENT INC
4851 SW 71 Pl, Miami, FL33155
CONTACT: Adrian Enriquez
TEL:+1 3059263309
FAX:+1 3053563680
info@cambridgeprojectdev.com
www.cambridgeprojectdev.com
Offers solid waste infrastructure (landflls,
recycling plants, transfer stations, waste-
to-energy plants) project development.
Consulting activities include solid waste
management master planning, feasibility
studies and turnkey project management.
CANADIAN SOLAR INC
12657 Alcosta Blvd, Suite 140, San Ramon,
CA94583
TEL:+1 9258662700
FAX:+1 9258662704
inquire.us@canadiansolar.com
www.canadian-solar.com
Produces solar modules. Provides ingots,
wafers, solar cells, solar modules, solar
power systems and specialized solar
products.
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CANYONWEST CASES LLC
PO Box 19827, Fountain Hills, AZ85269
CONTACT: Jim Smith
TEL:+1 4808169652
FAX:+1 2062030674
sales@canyonwestcases.com
www.canyonwestcases.com
CAPSTONE TURBINE CORP
21211 Nordhoff St, Chatsworth, CA91311
CONTACT: Justin Rathke
TEL:+1 8187345300
FAX:+1 8187345385
elopez@capstoneturbine.com
www.capstoneturbine.com
Provides microturbine solutions easily
scalable for lows.
CAS DATA LOGGERS
12628 Chillicothe Rd, Chesterland, OH44026
CONTACT: Peter Marlin
TEL:+1 4407292570
FAX:+1 4407292586
sales@dataloggerinc.com
www.dataloggerinc.com
Provides data loggers and monitoring
systems, data collection, recording and
alarming.
CATERPILLAR INC
Caterpillar Electric Power Div, Bldg AC,
Mossville, IL61552
CONTACT: Rich Robertson
TEL:+1 3095786298
FAX:+1 3095782599
cat_power@cat.com
www.cat-electricpower.com
Offers complete cogeneration systems,
generating both heat and electricity.
CATERPILLAR POWER
GENERATION SYSTEMS
9280 Sky Park Ct, MZ SP3-Q, San Diego,
CA92123
CONTACT: Rachel Hyatt
TEL:+1 8586946677
FAX:+1 8586946715
cpgs-info@cpgs.cat.com
www.cat.com
Manufactures construction, mining
equipment, diesel, natural gas engines and
more.
CAT PUMPS
High Pressure Pumps & Systems Div, 1681
94th Ln NE, Minneapolis, MN55449
CONTACT: Darla Jean Thompson
TEL:+1 7637805440
FAX:+1 7637802958
techsupport@catpumps.com
www.catpumps.com
Offers dependable, continuous-duty, triplex,
high-pressure, positive displacement pumps
and pumping systems up to 240 gpm, 10,000
psi for seawater, chemicals, oils, and liquid
CO2.
CEC VIBRATION PRODUCTS
INC
746 Arrow Grand Cir, Covina, CA91722
CONTACT: Richard Rogers
TEL:+1 6269380200
FAX:+1 6269380202
info@cecvp.com
www.cecvp.com
Manufactures vibration sensors and
monitoring equipment.
CEM DESIGN ARCHITECTS
520 Anderson Ave, Rockville, MD20850
CONTACT: Craig Moloney
TEL:+1 3012940682
FAX:+1 3017623128
cemdesign@mindspring.com
www.cemdesign.com
Offers architects, engineers, designers and
planners in the area of sustainable, state-of-
the-art, LEED certifed, high-tech buildings.
CENTER FOR SUSTAINABLE
CITIES DESIGN STUDIO
5675 Kiddville Ln, Lexington, KY40515
CONTACT: Richard Levine
TEL:+1 8592726444
FAX:+1 8593231990
rlevine@uky.edu
www.centerforsustainablecities.com
Designs sustainability oriented architecture,
zero emissions communities, sustainability
theory, sustainable brownfeld development
sustainability driven architecture, zero net
energy buildings and passive houses.
CENTROSOLAR AMERICA INC
8350 E Evans Rd, Suite E-1, Scottsdale,
AZ85260
CONTACT: Susan Wang
TEL:+1 8773482555
FAX:+1 4803482556
info-usa@centrosolar.com
www.centrosolaramerica.com
Distributes modules, inverters, racking
and complete packaged PV systems, and
provides fnancing support and training to
new installers.
CERES TECHNOLOGY
ADVISORS INC
315 Webster St, Needham, MA02494
CONTACT: Linda Smith
TEL:+1 7814531906
FAX:+1 7817951587
info@cerescom.net
www.cerescom.net
A transaction advisory frm that focuses on
developing proftable relationships between
buyers, sellers and investors. Specialising
in photovoltaics, concentrators, solid state
lighting, sensing, and energy harvesting.
CG POWER SYSTEMS USA INC
One Pauwels Dr, Washington, MO63090
TEL:+1 6362399300
FAX:+1 6362399398
usa@cgglobal.com
www.cgglobal.com
Manufactures innovative three-phase
distribution and power transformers.
CH2M HILL POWER
Global Power Industry Group Div, 303
Perimeter Center N, Suite 800, Atlanta,
GA30346
CONTACT: Alan Champagne
TEL:+1 7708296533
FAX:+1 8645998541
alan.champagne@ch2m.com
www.ch2m.com
Provides industrial and power engineering
and construction.
CHALEFF & ROGERS
ARCHITECTS
1514 Montauk Hwy, PO Box 990, Water Mill,
NY11976
CONTACT: Bill Chaleff
TEL:+1 6317264477
FAX:+1 6317264478
billarchtx@aol.com
www.chaleffandrogers.com
Provides green, solar, appropriate
architectural services, fully computerized and
thermal engineering.
CINCINNATI INC
7420 Kilby Rd, PO Box 11111, Cincinnati,
OH45211
CONTACT: Matt Garbarino
TEL:+1 5133677100
FAX:+1 5133677552
info@e-ci.com
www.e-ci.com
CLEAN POWER WORKS
1734 Roberts Way, Arcata, CA95521
CONTACT: John Schaefer
TEL:+1 7078259533
jcschaef@igc.org
www.cleanpowerworks.com
Provides consulting for photovoltaics, wind,
solar thermal, engineering, economics and
business.
CLEAVER-BROOKS
ENGINEERED BOILER
SYSTEMS
6940 Cornhusker Hwy, Lincoln, NE68507
CONTACT: Rocky Bahramzad
TEL:+1 4024342000
FAX:+1 4024342064
ebssales@cleaverbrooks.com
www.cleaverbrooks.com/engineered
Provides heat recovery steam generators in
the 150 MW turbine market.
CLIMAX PORTABLE MACHINE
TOOLS INC
2712 E Second St, Newberg, OR97132
CONTACT: Gary Corso
TEL:+1 5035382185
FAX:+1 5035387600
info@cpmt.com
www.cpmt.com
Provides on-site machining solutions,
engineering consulting, and customized
training. Extensive experience within the
power industry is built into the wide range of
standardized portable tools and custom-built
solutions.
CLIPPER WINDPOWER INC
6305 Carpinteria Ave, Suite 300, Carpinteria,
CA93013
CONTACT: Mary Grady
TEL:+1 8055761142
FAX:+1 8056847081
info@clipperwind.com
www.clipperwind.com
Offers wind power plant developers,
operators, consultants, engineering and
design.
COEN CO INC
100 Foster City Blvd, Foster City, CA94404
CONTACT: Tim Webster
TEL:+1 6506380365
FAX:+1 6506380355
marketing@coen.com
www.coen.com
Produces power from biowaste.
COMDEL INC
11 Kondelin Rd, Gloucester, MA01930
CONTACT: Ted Johnson
TEL:+1 9782820620
FAX:+1 9782824980
info@comdel.com
www.comdel.com
Designs and manufactures RF power
supplies, matching networks, multi-channel
synthesizers, ESC power supplies and RF
diagnostics for solar cell/photovoltaics, with
broad frequency ranges and power.
CONAX TECHNOLOGIES
2300 Walden Ave, Buffalo, NY14225
CONTACT: Rick Lyon
TEL:+1 7166844500
FAX:+1 7166847433
conax@conaxtechnologies.com
www.conaxtechnologies.com
Designs and fabricates standard and custom
temperature sensor assemblies.
CONCO SYSTEMS INC
530 Jones St, Verona, PA15147
CONTACT: Eric Fayard
TEL:+1 4128281166
FAX:+1 4128268255
info@concosystems.com
www.concosystems.com
Offers products and services for cleaning,
inspection and more.
CONNEXION
353 Hastings Dr, Buffalo Grove, IL60089
CONTACT: Daniel Dobski
TEL:+1 8474998300
FAX:+1 8474998301
connected@connexiones.com
www.connexiones.com
CONSERVATION SERVICES
GROUP INC
40 Washington St, Westborough, MA01581
CONTACT: Henry Spindler
TEL:+1 5088369500
FAX:+1 5088363138
deborah.razza@csgrp.com
www.csgrp.com
Provides photovoltaic energy generating
stations and renewable and solar energy
programs.
CONTECHS ENGINEERING
DESIGN INC
77 Lyman St, #2, Waltham, MA02452
CONTACT: Tim Peery
TEL:+1 7812091984
FAX:+1 7812091984
tmp@contechs.com
www.contechs.com
Offers engineering, comprehensive design,
advanced analysis and product development
for sustainability energy.
CONTINENTAL BIOMASS
INDUSTRIES INC - CBI
90 Pingree Hill Rd, Auburn, NH03032
CONTACT: Aaron Benway
TEL:+1 6033820556
FAX:+1 6033820557
abenway@cbi-inc.com
www.cbi-inc.com
Manufactures portable and stationary wood
waste reduction equipment.
THE COOL SOLUTIONS CO
5007 Lincoln Ave, Suite 201, Lisle, IL60532
CONTACT: John Andrepont
TEL:+1 6303539690
FAX:+1 6303539691
coolsolutionsco@aol.com
www.coolsolutionsco.com
Consults in turbine inlet cooling, thermal
energy storage, and district cooling.
COORSTEK
10 Airport Park Rd, East Granby, CT06026
TEL:+1 8606538071
FAX:+1 8606536834
cerbecinfo@coorstek.com
www.coorstek.com
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CROLL REYNOLDS
ENGINEERING CO INC
2400 Reservoir Ave, Trumbull, CT06611
CONTACT: Louis Ancillai
TEL:+1 2033711983
FAX:+1 2033710615
creco@att.net
www.croll.com
Provides backwashable flters and strainers
and welded metal bellows expansion joints.
CRYOFAB INC
540 N Michigan Ave, Kenilworth, NJ07033
TEL:+1 9086863636
FAX:+1 9086869538
sales@cryofab.com
www.cryofab.com
Manufactures and services cryogenic
equipment and accessories. Offers custom
fabrications, OEM fabrications, and a full
line of standard containers, vessels and
accessories.
CUMMINS POWER
GENERATION INC
1400 73rd Ave NE, Minneapolis, MN55432
CONTACT: Madeline Foss
TEL:+1 7635745000
FAX:+1 7635745298
www.cumminspower.com/local
Provides complete systems and components
for several power applications. Power
systems are preintegratedall of the
components are designed and built to work
together. Thats the power of one.
CUSTOM INSTRUMENTATION
SERVICES CORP-CISCO
7841 S Wheeling Ct, Englewood, CO80112
CONTACT: Vic Johnson
TEL:+1 3037901000
FAX:+1 3037907292
sales@ciscocems.com
www.ciscocems.com
Builds custom CEMS for applications and
provides full services.
CUSTOM ROLLFORMING
CORP
(div of The Bradbury Group), 201 S Ave C,
PO Box 698, Moundridge, KS67107
CONTACT: Steve Raisbeck
TEL:+1 6207171300
FAX:+1 6203453360
sales@customrollformingcorp.com
www.customrollformingcorp.com
Discovers comprehensive Rollforming
services from design to fabrication.
D
DARK FIELD TECHNOLOGIES
INC
70 Robinson Blvd, Orange, CT06477-3622
CONTACT: Timothy Potts
TEL:+1 2032980731
FAX:+1 2032980732
tapotts@darkfield.com
www.darkfield.com
Utilises specially built lasers and cameras
for unequaled detection performance of PV
panels. Systems measure scribe lines and
detect defects online at line speeds to 30
m/min.
DELTA RIGGING & TOOLS
11233 Shadow Creek Pkwy, Suite 235,
Pearland, TX77584
TEL:+1 8774088008
ejohnson@deltarigging.com
www.deltarigging.com
Offers a complete line of lifting and rigging
products both for sale and rent along with
related services throughout the United States
and abroad.
DETECT INC
1430 Harrison Ave, Panama City, FL32405
CONTACT: Helen Lewis
TEL:+1 8507637200
sales@detect-inc.com
www.detect-inc.com
DETROIT STOKER CO
1510 E First St, Monroe, MI48161
CONTACT: Tim Loviska
TEL:+1 7342419500
FAX:+1 7342417126
www.detroitstoker.com
Designs and manufactures stokers and
related combustion equipment for fuel fring.
DEWIND INC
2652 FM 407, Suite 220, Bartonville,
TX76226
TEL:+1 9404557450
FAX:+1 9404557451
Produces, sells and licenses the DeWind
series of wind energy turbines.
DISCOVERY TECHNOLOGY
INTL
6968 Professional Pkwy E, Sarasota,
FL34240
CONTACT: Michelle Gratz
TEL:+1 9419074444
FAX:+1 9419074512
info@discovtech.com
www.discovtech.com
DIS-TRAN PACKAGED
SUBSTATIONS LLC
4725 Hwy 28 E, Pineville, LA71360
CONTACT: Christina Sanders
TEL:+1 3184480274
FAX:+1 3184457240
christina.sanders@distran.com
www.distran.com
Specializes in custom substation projects,
pre-engineered substations and factory-built
substations.
DNV GLOBAL ENERGY
CONCEPTS
(a DNV Co), 1809 7th Ave, Suite 900, Seattle,
WA98101
TEL:+1 2063874200
FAX:+1 2063874201
dnv-gec@dnv.com
www.globalenergyconcepts.com
Analyzes, designs, tests and manages wind
and renewable energy.
DOTY WINDFUELS
(sub of Doty Scientific Inc), 700 Clemson Rd,
Columbia, SC29229
CONTACT: Glenn Doty
TEL:+1 8036993800
FAX:+1 8037365495
info@dotyenergy.com
www.dotyenergy.com
Produces WindFuels, carbon-neutral liquid
fuels from CO2 and wind energy. Using these
fuels (including gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel),
made from recycled CO2, could lower CO2
emissions 40%.
DOW CORNING CORP
PO Box 0994, Midland, MI48686-0994
TEL:+1 9894966000
FAX:+1 9894968026
product.info@dowcorning.com
www.dowcorning.com/electrical
DOW WIRE & CABLE
(a Global Business Unit of The Dow Chemical
Co), 1254 Enclave Pkwy, Houston, TX77077
TEL:+1 9898321542
www.dowinside.com
Provides underground and submarine cables
made from MV, HV and EHV materials that
reliably connect wind farms to power grids.
DPW SOLAR
(sub of Preformed Line Products), 4000 B
Vasser Dr NE, Albuquerque, NM87107
TEL:+1 5058893585
directpower@directpower.com
www.dpwsolar.com
Provides innovative mounting solutions
for any PV solar application including
commercial, industrial, government, utility
and residential applications.
DRESSER-RAND
10205 Westheimer Rd, West8 Tower, Suite
1000, Houston, TX77042
CONTACT: Mike McGuiness
TEL:+1 7133546100
FAX:+1 7133546110
info@dresser-rand.com
www.dresser-rand.com
Supplies rotating equipment solutions to
the worldwide oil, gas, petrochemical, and
process industries.
DUCOOL LTD
PO Box 403448, Miami Beach,
FL33140-1488
CONTACT: Mooki Talby
TEL:+1 2015414141
info@ducool.com
www.ducool.com
Offers systems that cool, heat, dehumidify,
disinfect and clean the air.
DUNMORE CORP
145 Wharton Rd, Bristol, PA19007
TEL:+1 2157818895
FAX:+1 2157819293
film@dunmore.com
www.dunmore.com
Specializes in engineered flms for highly
technical industries such as solar, aerospace,
radiant barrier insulation and thin flm
photovoltaics. Offers DUN-SOLAR PV
backsheets to the solar industry.
DUPONT PHOTOVOLTAIC
SOLUTIONS
14 TW Alexander Dr, Research Triangle Park,
Durham, NC27709
TEL:+1 9192485418
alyssa.j.koontz@usa.dupont.com
www2.dupont.com/photovoltaics
Provides materials for improving solar
cell effciency and module lifetimes while
reducing total system costs.
DURACOMM LIGHTING
203 W 23rd Ave, North Kansas City,
MO64116
CONTACT: Charles Scheibler
TEL:+1 8164725544
FAX:+1 8008251403
customerservice@duracomm.com
www.duracommlighting.com
DYNAMIC SYSTEMS INC
15331 NE 90th St, Redmond, WA98052
CONTACT: Rob Freeman
TEL:+1 4252161204
robf@dsisales.com
www.a-barcode.com
Offers barcode tracking applications which
include: tool and equipment, inventory, ID
badge systems, asset tracking, document
tracking, and time and attendance.
E
EAGLEBURGMANN
EXPANSION JOINT SOLUTIONS
(div of EagleBurgmann KE Inc), 10035
Prospect Ave, Suite 202, Santee, CA92071
CONTACT: Rich Eichhorn, ME
TEL:+1 6195626083
FAX:+1 6195620636
sales@keb-ejs.com
www.keb-ejs.com
Manufactures metal and fabric expansion
joints, feld services and more.
EARTHLOG ENERGY CORP
(an Earthlog Equity Group Co), PO Box 685,
Talbott, TN37877-0685
CONTACT: Robert Arms
TEL:+1 8655770350
earthlogeg@aol.com
www.earthshelteredhousing.com/
earthlog_energy_info.html
Offers custom designed earth sheltered
homes, wafers, cells and solar system
components. Construction, sales, fnancing
and dealerships are available nationwide in
the US, Canada and Australia.
EASTERN ENERGY SYSTEMS
INC
7470 Sound Ave, Mattituck, NY11952
TEL:+1 6317794004
FAX:+1 6314665200
sales@e2sys.com
www.e2sys.com
Offers solar electric, solar hot water, wind,
geothermal, energy effciency, and green jobs
in New York. Also offers Lipa rebates and
incentives, engineering, energy consulting,
turbines, generators, battery back-up
systems, and pool heating and cooling.
ECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT
INC
368 Pleasant View Dr, Lancaster,
NY14086-1397
CONTACT: David Donohue
TEL:+1 7166848060
FAX:+1 7166840844
ddonohue@ene.com
www.ene.com
Helps renewable energy developers get
the green light for wind, solar, hydro,
waste-to-energy and geothermal projects
worldwide. Services include: planning,
impact assessment, government and public
relations, mitigation and monitoring.
ELAN TECHNICAL CORP
141 Kings Hwy E, Fairfield, CT06825
CONTACT: Randolph Bush
TEL:+1 2033352115
FAX:+1 2033352723
elantechnical@sbcglobal.net
www.elantechnical.com
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ELECTRATHERM INC
3208 Goni Rd, Suite 182, Carson City,
NV89706
CONTACT: William Olson
TEL:+1 7758826680
FAX:+1 7758836637
info@electratherm.com
www.electratherm.com
Creates fuel-free, emissions-free power by
capturing readily available waste heat.
ELECTRONIC DRIVES &
CONTROLS
17 Eastmans Rd, Parsippany, NJ07054
CONTACT: Chuck Dillard
TEL:+1 9734280500
FAX:+1 9734280135
chuck.dillard@electronicdrives.com
www.electronicdrives.com
Provides commercial and industrial drive
and control systems integration, VFD
maintenance, repair and retrofts since 1968.
Full engineering and project management
capabilities. Over ten feld service engineers
available 24/7/365.
ELECTROSWITCH
180 King Ave, Weymouth, MA02188
CONTACT: David Donovan
TEL:+1 7813355200
FAX:+1 7813354253
info@electroswitch.com
www.electroswitch.com
Designs, manufactures, and markets
standard and custom-designed switches,
relays, and other electrical system
products for utility, industrial, and military
environments.
ELLWOOD CITY FORGE
(sub of Ellwood Group Inc), 800 Commercial
Ave, Ellwood City, PA16117
CONTACT: Mark Miller
TEL:+1 7247520055
FAX:+1 7247523449
ecfsales@elwd.com
www.ellwoodcityforge.com
Provides open-die forgings to 110,000
pounds for turbine and generator
components includes shafts, forged rings,
bars, and blocks. Combines 100 years of
forging experience combined with the latest
production techniques.
ELMA ELECTRONIC INC
44350 S Grimmer Blvd, Fremont, CA94538
CONTACT: Shan Morgan
TEL:+1 5106563400
FAX:+1 5106563783
sales@elma.com
www.elma.com
Designs and manufactures custom and
standard electronics packaging and more.
ELSPEC NORTH AMERICA
500 W South St, Freeport, IL61032
CONTACT: Kathryn Smith
TEL:+1 8152664210
FAX:+1 8152668910
info@elpecna.com
www.elspecna.com
ENECO TEXAS LLC
3 Lenora Dr, West Simsbury, CT06092
CONTACT: Alfred Weisbrich
TEL:+1 2039306616
FAX:+1 2146920530
enecowind@aol.com
www.warp-eneco.com
Provides licensing and/or joint venturing
WARP wind energy technology.
ENERGY APPLICATIONS INC
Energy Power Systems Div, PO Box 9205,
Surprise, AZ85374
CONTACT: Mark Kane
TEL:+1 6233980510
sales@energyps.biz
www.energyps.biz
Markets power systems including all types
of batteries, VRLA, fooded, lead and NiCd,
complete DC systems, UPS, solar, and
inverters. Systems built to specifcations and
supplied as plug and play.
ENERGY CONSERVATION
SERVICES OF NORTH FLORIDA
- ECS
6120 SW 13 St, Gainesville, FL32608
CONTACT: Tom Lane
TEL:+1 3523778866
FAX:+1 3523380056
tom@ecs-solar.com
www.ecs-solar.com
Provides solar energy installation and service.
ENERGY POWER SYSTEMS
PO Box 9205, Surprise, AZ85374
CONTACT: Mark Kane
TEL:+1 6233980510
FAX:+1 8142865779
sales@energyps.biz
www.energyps.biz
Designs and assembles standby power
systems, renewable sources and supplies
components.
ENERGY PRODUCTS OF
IDAHO (EPI)
3568 W Industrial Loop, Coeur dAlene,
ID83815-6016
CONTACT: Kent Pope
TEL:+1 2087651611
FAX:+1 2087650503
epi2@energyproducts.com
www.energyproducts.com
Develops and implements fuidized bed
combustion of biomass.
ENERGY RECOVERY SYSTEMS
LLC
(div of Notch Mechanical Constructors), 85
Lemay St, Chicopee, MA01013
TEL:+1 4134371333
FAX:+1 4135344111
sneveu@energyrecoverysystems.com
www.energyrecoverysystems.com
Provides turnkey systems to recover energy/
generate power from industrial/municipal
waste heat.
ENERGY STORAGE AND
POWER LLC
520 US Hwy 22 E #205, Bridgewater,
NJ08807
CONTACT: Pat Conroy
TEL:+1 9083937177
info@caespower.com
www.caespower.com
Offers CAES technology (Compressed Air
Energy Storage) that stores the energy of
the sun and wind, optimizing and frming
intermittent renewable energy resources and
contributing to the smart grid revolution.
ENERNEX CORP
620 Mabry Hood Rd, Suite 300, Knoxville,
TN37932
CONTACT: Jeff Lamoree
TEL:+1 8652184600
FAX:+1 8652188999
info@enernex.com
www.enernex.com
Provides electric power engineering and
consulting.
ENERTEGIC
363 Pequot Ave, Southport, CT06890
CONTACT: Eric Tulin
TEL:+1 3106006825
FAX:+1 6143861823
etulin@enertegic.com
www.enertegic.com
Provides advertising, marketing, public
relations services and website development
for clean and sustainable technology
companies. Specialises in bringing early
stage technology to investors and the
marketplace.
ENERWASTE INC
(div of Waste2Energy Inc), 1185 Ave of the
Americas, 20th Fl, New York, NY10036
CONTACT: J. Douglas Pitts
TEL:+1 6467234000
FAX:+1 6467234001
info@waste2energy.com
www.enerwaste.com
Offers advanced thermal gasifcation waste-
to-energy MSW, biomass and other wastes.
ENGINEERING SERVICES &
PRODUCTS CO (ESAPCO)
1395 John Fitch Blvd, South Windsor,
CT06074
TEL:+1 8605281119
www.esapco.com
Provides a product line to the agricultural,
horticultural, building and retail trade
communities.
ENGLAND SECURITIES LLC
(sub of England & Co LLC), 1015 18th St NW,
Suite 900, Washington, DC20036
CONTACT: Craig England
TEL:+1 2023866500
FAX:+1 2023866599
cwengland@englandco.com
www.englandco.com
Provides a merchant banking frm that
arranges institutional private placements
of equity and debt. Also provides M&A and
fnancial restructuring services.
ENPHASE ENERGY INC
201 1st St, Petaluma, CA94952
CONTACT: Eric Larson
TEL:+1 7077634784
FAX:+1 7077630784
info@enphaseenergy.com
www.enphase.com
Brings a high-tech approach to solar energy,
leveraging expertise in semiconductor
integration, power electronics and
networking technologies to advance the
performance, intelligence and reliability of
solar energy systems.
ERICO INTERNATIONAL CORP
34600 Solon Rd, Solon, OH44139
TEL:+1 4402480100
FAX:+1 4402480723
customer.service@erico.com
www.erico.com
ESI INC OF TENNESSEE
1250 Roberts Blvd, Kennesaw, GA30144
CONTACT: Jay Garrett
TEL:+1 7704276200
FAX:+1 7704253660
info@esitenn.com
www.esitenn.com
Provides design, engineering and EPC
construction specialising in the production
of steam and power fring biomass and
other renewable fuels. Capabilities include
feasibility studies through EPC projects using
3D-design technology.
F
FACTORYNETWORK INC
9423 Montgomery Rd, Cincinnati, OH45242
CONTACT: Kathy Sostaric
TEL:+1 5132734760
FAX:+1 8666127089
kathy.sostaric@factorynetwork.com
www.factorynetwork.com
Offers an online marketplace for new, used
and surplus industrial equipment.
FASTENERS TECHNOLOGIES
1550 Industrial Pkwy, Akron, OH44310
TEL:+1 8887458166
www.fastener-technology.com
Manufactures and distributes industrial
fasteners and tools.
FCI-FLUID COMPONENTS
INTERNATIONAL
1755 La Costa Meadows Dr, San Marcos,
CA92078
CONTACT: Glen Fishman
TEL:+1 7607446950
FAX:+1 7607366250
fcimarcom@fluidcomponents.com
www.fluidcomponents.com
Manufactures gas fowmeters and sensors
for biogas, methane and more.
FIBERSAVVY.COM
36595 Kevin Rd, Suite 138-139, Wildomar,
CA92595
CONTACT: Richard Navock
TEL:+1 9518015780
FAX:+1 9516915072
sales@fibersavvy.com
www.fibersavvy.com
With decades of cumulative experience in the
industry, Our company is a leading supplier
of fber optic cable equipment, servicing the
electrical, electronic, and communications
industries.
FIBOX ENCLOSURES
(Sub of Fibox OY Ab Enclosures), 810
Cromwell Park Dr, Suite R, Glen Burnie,
MD21061
CONTACT: Tom Fowler
TEL:+1 4107609696
FAX:+1 4107608686
sales@fiboxusa.com
www.fiboxusa.com
Manufactures nonmetallic weatherproof
electrical enclosures (Nema 4x/IP67).
FIREFLY LED LIGHTING INC
3925 W Braker Ln, Austin, TX78759
CONTACT: Steve Barcik
TEL:+1 8885085381
info@ffled.com
www.fireflyledlight.com
FIRETRACE INTERNATIONAL
15890 N 83rd Way, Suite B, Scottsdale,
AZ85260
CONTACT: David Gray
TEL:+1 4806071218
FAX:+1 4803151316
info@firetrace.com
www.firetrace.com
Offers automatic fre suppression systems for
wind turbines.
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FISHER TANK CO
104 Fisher Tank Dr, Leesville, SC29070
TEL:+1 8033594173
FAX:+1 8039573376
sales@fishertank.com
www.fishertank.com
Provides engineering, fabrication and
construction services for feld erected welded
steel tanks, stacks, silos, scrubber vessels
and other specialty welded steel equipment
for renewable power generation.
FLEXCON
1 Flexcon Industrial Park, Spencer, MA
01562-2646
TEL:+1 5088858455
FAX:+1 5088851481
mostiguy@flexcon.com
www.flexcon.com/pv
Manufactures custom and standard multi-
layer backsheets for encapsulation and
protection of rigid photovoltaic modules.
FLOWSERVE CORP
Flow Control Div, 1900 S Saunders St,
Raleigh, NC27603
CONTACT: Floyd Bensinger
TEL:+1 9198320525
FAX:+1 9198313369
powervalves@flowserve.com
www.flowserve.com
Offers control, isolation, non-return,
actuation, positioning and services.
FLUID ENGINEERING
(div of TM Industrial Supply Inc), 1432 Walnut
St, Erie, PA16502
CONTACT: Marc Steiner
TEL:+1 8144535014
FAX:+1 8144526573
www.fluideng.com
Manufactures automatic self-cleaning,
simplex, y-type, duplex strainers, bag
flters, slurry mixer/strainer (developed for
the ethanol market), and high temperature
(1500F) gas/liquid backfush flters used in
gasifcation and incineration processes.
FRIBERG ASSOCIATES INC
PO Box 2080, Ft Worth, TX76113-2080
CONTACT: Emil Friberg
TEL:+1 8173360543
FAX:+1 8174290119
efriberg@fribergassociates.com
www.fribergassociates.com
Provides consulting, planning, energy
studies, systems design and maintenance
analysis.
FRONIUS USA LLC
Solar Electronics Div, (sub of Fronius
International GmbH), 10421 Citation Dr, Suite
1100, Brighton, MI48116
TEL:+1 8102204414
FAX:+1 8102204424
pv-us-sales@fronius.com
www.fronius-usa.com
Manufacturer of Grid-connected PV
inverters from 2 60kW and Solar PV
system monitoring solutions. Operates
as the North American sales, support and
distribution center for Fronius International,
headquartered in Pettenbach, Austria.
G
GAIA GEOTHERMAL LLC
9933 Caddie St NW, Albuquerque, NM87114
CONTACT: Daniel Bernstein
TEL:+1 2024312984
FAX:+1 7634792183
bernstein@gaiageo.com
www.gaiageo.com
Provides commercial geothermal HVAC
software for design ponds, and vertical and
horizonal ground heat exchangers.
GARDNER DENVER INC
Engineered Products Group Div, 1800
Gardner Expwy, Quincy, IL62305
CONTACT: Susan Wray
TEL:+1 2172225400
FAX:+1 2172288243
maggie@gardnerdenver.com
www.gardnerdenverproducts.com
Manufactures compressors, blowers
and pumps for petroleum and industrial
applications.
GAS AND AIR SYSTEMS INC
- GAS
1304 Whitaker St, Hellertown, PA18055
CONTACT: Robert OBrien
TEL:+1 6108389625
FAX:+1 6108389650
info@gasair.net
www.gasair.net
Manufactures and supports compressors
and compressor systems.
GAS SEPARATION
TECHNOLOGY LLC - GST
860 W 132nd Ave, Suite 260, Denver,
CO80234
CONTACT: Major Seery
TEL:+1 3034301430
FAX:+1 3036576075
mseery@gassep.com
www.gassep.com
Offers processes for removing CO2 and air
from biogas.
GAS TURBINES
INTERNATIONAL LLC
2524 N Andrews Ave Ext, Pompano Beach,
FL33064
CONTACT: Larry Rayman
TEL:+1 9549714002
FAX:+1 9549710422
sales@gti-power.com
www.gti-power.com
Buys and sells GE and P&W solar spares
and parts.
GCUBE INSURANCE SERVICES
INC
3101 West Coast Highway, Suite 100,
Newport Beach, CA92663
TEL:+1 8779034777
FAX:+1 9495159984
info@gcube-insurance.com
www.gcube-insurance.com
Provides property and liability insurance
services for renewable energy projects.
GEA BARR-ROSIN INC
Process Engineering Div, (sub of GEA), 255
38th Ave, Suite G, St Charles, IL60174
CONTACT: Michel Themens
TEL:+1 6306593980
FAX:+1 6305844406
sales.barr-rosin.ca@geagroup.com
www.barr-rosin.com
Supplies industrial drying systems for
biomass worldwide.
GENERAL AIR PRODUCTS INC
Industrial/Fluid Process Div, 118 Summit Dr,
Exton, PA19341
TEL:+1 6105248950
FAX:+1 6105248965
rmfjr@generalairproducts.com
www.generalairproducts.com
GENERAL CABLE
4 Tesseneer Dr, Highland Heights, KY41076
CONTACT: Karen Ouellette
TEL:+1 8885933355
FAX:+1 8003351270
info@generalcable.com
www.generalcable.com
Supplies wind and solar cables.
GEOTHERMEX INC
3260 Blume Dr, Suite 220, Richmond,
CA94806
CONTACT: Subir Sanyal
TEL:+1 5105279876
FAX:+1 5105278164
mw@geothermex.com
www.geothermex.com
Provides services that focus on the resource
including exploration, drilling, testing,
capacity estimation, numerical modeling,
feasibility assessments and fnancing
support. Established in 1973.
GLOBAL WEDGE INC
3267 Larkspur St, Tustin, CA92782
CONTACT: Rao Marella
TEL:+1 9514131482
FAX:+1 9514131483
solar@globalwedge.com
www.globalwedge.com
Distributes EVA encapsulants, back sheets,
copper interconnect ribbon/busbar, silicone
sealants, Craneglas, solar cells, and solar
modules. Development of solar power
projects.
GOLDEN EAGLE
TECHNOLOGIES LLC
14280 W 50th Pl, Golden, CO80403
CONTACT: Gregory Black
TEL:+1 3032789268
FAX:+1 3033795313
gregblack@goldeneagletechnologies.com
www.goldeneagletechnologies.com
Provides dry bulk material handling and air
pollution control systems.
GRAHAM CORP
20 Florence Ave, Batavia, NY14020
CONTACT: Robert Hagen
TEL:+1 5853432216
FAX:+1 5853431097
equipment@graham-mfg.com
www.graham-mfg.com
Designs, manufactures and supplies ejectors,
pumps, condensers and more.
GREAT NORTHERN SOLAR
77480 Evergreen Rd, Suite 1, Port Wing,
WI54865
CONTACT: Christopher LaForge
TEL:+1 7157743374
FAX:+1 7157743374
gosolar@cheqnet.net
www.cheqnet.net/~gosolar
Designs, integrates and distributes PV
systems. Provides education for installers,
RE instructors, administrators, end users and
general public. Wholesale distribution of all
major PV components. NABCEP certifed
PV installer.
GREAT PLAINS POWER
1221 Welch St, Golden, CO80401
TEL:+1 3032399963
gpsolar@comcast.net
www.greatplainssolar.com
Offers renewable energy based power
generation systems, integration, applications
and service.
GREEN EPIPHANY
28 Pond St, Jamaica Plain, MA02130
CONTACT: Helen Waldorf
TEL:+1 6179835614
FAX:+1 6179832678
hawaldorf@aol.com
www.greenepiphany.com
Matches clients with energy alternatives for
vehicles, biofuels, wind and solar.
GREEN POWER INC
6855 W Clearwater Ave, A101-102,
Kennewick, WA99336
TEL:+1 5092098001
FAX:+1 8664221911
corporate@cleanenergyprojects.com
www.cleanenergyprojects.com
Manufactures a waste-to-energy system that
can handle all forms of discarded material
that normally would end up in a landfll and
converts it into high quality diesel fuel.
GREENSPARK INNOVATIONS
LLC
1889 Maple Ave, Suite 11-E, Evanston,
IL60201
CONTACT: Thomas Wieser
TEL:+1 3124516443
twieser@greensparkenergy.com
www.greensparkinnovations.com
Offers energy effciency and renewables
solutions for buildings (commercial/industrial,
institutional).
GRIDPLEX NETWORKS
7000 Terminal Sq, Upper Darby, PA19082
TEL:+1 6107341236
chairman.gridplex@gmail.com
www.gridplexnetworks.com
Offers adaptive automation solutions, fully-
integrated adaptive energy management and
automation systems combine and optimize
electricity generation and usage with on-site
microgrids, local demand control, advanced
lighting systems and grid-based power.
GROSOLAR
(sub of Global Resource Options Ltd), 601
Old River Rd, Suite 3, White River Junction,
VT05001
CONTACT: Jeff Wolfe
TEL:+1 8003744494
FAX:+1 8022954417
info@grosolar.com
www.grosolar.com
Distributes, installs and integrates solar
energy solutions for residential and
commercial installations.
GROWATT NEW ENERGY
NORTH AMERICA
CityCentre One, 800 Town & Country Blvd
Suite 300, Houston, TX77024
TEL:+1 8326155047
sales@growattusa.com
www.growattusa.com
Manufactures the PV industrys most effcient
and cost-effective solar PV inverters.
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GSE POWER SYSTEMS INC
1332 Londontown Blvd, Suite 200,
Skyesville, MD21784
CONTACT: Alex Lekich
TEL:+1 4109707800
FAX:+1 4109707995
power@gses.com
www.gses.com
Provides power and process operator
training simulators and training content
development.
GT ADVANCED
TECHNOLOGIES
243 Daniel Webster Hwy, Merrimack,
NH03054
CONTACT: Jeff Nestel-Patt
TEL:+1 6038835200
FAX:+1 6035956993
info@gtat.com
www.gtat.com
Manufactures DSS crystalline growth
systems, polysilicon production technology
and PV manufacturing service.
GUASCOR INC
143 Mallard St, Suite F, St Rose, LA70087
CONTACT: Kelly Lacy
TEL:+1 5044613801
FAX:+1 5044613806
guascor@guascor-usa.com
www.guascor.com
A Spanish industrial group focusing on the
development of renewable energies.
H
HAMILTON PRECISION
METALS INC
(div of Ametek Specialty Metal Products),
1780 Rohrerstown Rd, Lancaster,
PA17601-2334
CONTACT: Mike Staab
TEL:+1 7175697061
FAX:+1 7175697642
mike.staab@ametek.com
www.hpmetals.com
Manufactures precision metal alloy strip, foil
and ultra-thin foil to customer specifcations.
Specialises in tight tolerance, restrictive
mechanical properties and ultra-smooth
surface fnish.
HAMMERHEAD INDUSTRIES
INC
1501 Goodyear Ave, Ventura, CA93003
TEL:+1 8056589922
FAX:+1 8056588833
info@gearkeeper.com
www.gearkeeper.com
HAMON DELTAK INC
13330 12th Ave N, Plymouth, MN55441
CONTACT: Dan Robertus
TEL:+1 7635577440
FAX:+1 7635574700
boilers@deltak.com
www.deltak.com
Designs, engineers, manufactures and
services steam generators and auxiliary
equipment.
HANSEN TRANSMISSIONS INC
33 Lakeview Ct, PO Box 320, Verona,
VA24482
TEL:+1 5402132442
FAX:+1 5402132222
info@hansenna.com
www.hansentransmissions.com
Manufactures gear boxes.
HARRIS GROUP
Energy Div, 1999 Broadway, Suite 1500,
Denver, CO80202
CONTACT: Chela Hopkins
TEL:+1 3032910355
FAX:+1 3032910136
energysolutions@harrisgroup.com
www.harrisgroup.com
Provides engineering design and consulting
services.
HARTVIGSEN-HYDRO
1529 S 400 E, Kaysville, UT84037
CONTACT: Joseph Hartvigsen
TEL:+1 8014515705
joe@h-hydro.com
www.h-hydro.com
Provides Turgo runners, nozzles and
components for micro-hydro developers.
HEATEC INC
5200 Wilson Rd, Chattanooga,
TN37410-2149
CONTACT: Scott Moore
TEL:+1 4238215200
FAX:+1 4238217673
smoore@heatec.com
www.heatec.com
HELMICK CORP
998 Minor Ave, Fairmont, WV26555-0071
CONTACT: Vicki Denham
TEL:+1 3043663520
FAX:+1 3043668923
custserv@helmickcorp.com
www.helmickcorp.com
Manufactures boiler tube shields.
HEMPEL USA
600 Conroe Park N Dr, Conroe, TX 77303
TEL:+1 9365236000
hempel.us@hempel.com
www.hempel.us
Produces and sells protective coatings. Has
painted more than 60% of the total wind
turbines around the world.
HENKEL CORP
One Henkel Way, Rocky Hill, CT06067
TEL:+1 8605715100
FAX:+1 8605715465
www.henkelna.com
Supplies adhesives, sealants and surface
treatments.
HERBOLD MECKESHEIM USA
Resource Recycling Systems Div, (sub of
Herbold Meckesheim GmbH), 333 George
Washington Hwy, Smithfield, RI02917
TEL:+1 4012323354
FAX:+1 4012325425
info@herboldusa.net
www.herboldusa.net
Manufactures and installs equipment for
recycling industrial and post-consumer
plastics.
HERITAGE ENERGY
SOLUTIONS LLC
5303 Jacob St, Weston, WI54476-1588
CONTACT: Todd Bacon
TEL:+1 7155743645
FAX:+1 7152989059
todd@heritageenergysolutions.com
www.heritageenergysolutions.com
Is a manufacturers representative and
dealer for alternative energy products in the
Midwest.
HILLIARD CORP
100 W 4th St, Elmira, NY
CONTACT: Rob Doud
TEL:+1 6077337121
FAX:+1 6077328979
mrose@hilliardcorp.com
www.hilliardcorp.com
Manufactures clutches, brakes and fltration
products.
HOCKING COUNTY
COMMUNITY IMPROVEMENT
CORP
4 E Hunter St, Logan, OH43138
TEL:+1 7405844557
lhcommercepark@hocking.net
www.lhcommercepark.com
Encourages balanced economic growth and
enhanced quality of life at Logan-Hocking
Commerce Park, adjacent to Hocking
College Energy Institute.
HOLLAENDER
MANUFACTURING
10285 Wayne Ave, Cincinnati, OH45215
CONTACT: Leah Weller
TEL:+1 5137728800
FAX:+1 5137728806
leahw@hollaender.com
www.hollaender.com
Offers simple, versatile solutions for
mounting solar panels, and building solar
racking systems using the companys Speed-
Rail aluminum pipe fttings and pipe. For both
roof and ground mount arrays.
HURST BOILER & WELDING
CO INC
21971 US Hwy 319 N, PO Box 530,
Coolidge, GA31738-0530
CONTACT: Jeff Hurst
TEL:+1 2293463545
FAX:+1 2293463874
jhurst@hurstboiler.com
www.hurstboiler.com
Manufactures packaged biomass gasifcation
boiler systems 380 mm BTU.
HYDRO ALUMINUM
(div of Solar Solution), 249 S 51st Ave,
Phoenix, AZ85005
CONTACT: Allan Bennett
TEL:+1 6022692488
FAX:+1 6022690220
solarsolutions@hydro.com
www.hydro.com/northamerica/solar
Provides state-of-the-art aluminum extrusion
based solutions for the renewable energy
sector.
HYDRO GREEN ENERGY
900 Oakmont Ln, Suite 310, Westmont,
IL60559
CONTACT: Mark Stover
TEL:+1 6303252976
mark@hgenergy.com
www.hgenergy.com
Focuses on building new, low-impact
hydropower generation at non-powered
dams with proprietary hydropower
technology.
HYTORC
(div of UNEX Corp), 333 Rt 17 N, Mahwah,
NJ07430
CONTACT: Sandra Hurtado
TEL:+1 2015129500
FAX:+1 2015120530
joepaul@hytorc.com
www.hytorc.com
Offers a multipurpose bolting machine.
I
ICONICS INC
100 Foxboro Blvd, Foxboro, MA02035
CONTACT: Tim Donaldson
TEL:+1 5085438600
FAX:+1 5085431503
amanda@iconics.com
www.iconics.com
Provides HMI/SCADA and business
visualization software for Microsoft Windows.
IEC & ASSOCIATES
2474-108 Walnut St, Cary, NC27518
CONTACT: Mark Keith
TEL:+1 9194131290
mark.keith.pe@ieca-inc.com
www.ieca-inc.com
Provides electrical and electronic forensic
and investigative engineering services, patent
infringement analysis, reverse engineering,
product teardowns, design engineering,
failure analysis, and expert witness services.
IHS EMERGING ENERGY
RESEARCH
55 Cambridge Pkwy, Cambridge, MA02142
TEL:+1 617866 5000
FAX:+1 617866 5900
eersales@ihs.com
www.emerging-energy.com
Provides analysis on clean and renewable
energy markets.
IMAGINESOLAR
4000 Caven Rd, Austin, TX78744
TEL:+1 5124435725
info@imaginesolar.com
www.imaginesolar.com
Offers 200+ hours of solar energy and smart
grid courses (online and on-site), hands-on
workshops, employer outreach programs
that connect alumni with solar employers,
solar project consulting and workforce
training programs.
IMERYS
100 Mansell Ct E, Suite 300, Roswell,
GA30076
CONTACT: Karla Smith
TEL:+1 7706453705
FAX:+1 7706453460
aurora@imerys.com
www.imerys.com
Produces industrial minerals uniquely
engineered for the power and energy
industries. Particularly valuable is the newest
product, Aurora, a deposit and corrosion
inhibitor.
IMO USA CORP
101 Innovation Dr, Mc Queen Park,
Summerville, SC29483
TEL:+1 8432912882
americas@goimo.com
www.goimo.com
INDUSTRIAL MAGNETICS INC
1385 M-75 S, Boyne City, MI49712
CONTACT: Rob Hutchison
TEL:+1 2315823100
FAX:+1 2315820622
www.magnetics.com
Offers magnetic separation equipment and
a range of permanent and electromagnetic
devices.
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A-Z LISTING
INDUSTRIAL TRAINING
CONSULTANTS INC
2969 Hwy 11, Pelham, AL35124
CONTACT: Robin Gurnsey
TEL:+1 2056634960
contact@itctrng.com
www.itctrng.com
Develops customized, site- or equipment-
specifc training programs for operations,
maintenance, and safety for more than
25 years. Generic programs available:
maintenance, preventive maintenance, safety,
and industry-specifc in various media.
INERJY
1800 NW 69th Ave, Plantation, FL33313
CONTACT: Marita Flam
TEL:+1 9547911500
marita.flam@inerjy.com
www.inerjy.com
Manufactures generators and associated
electronics for renewable energy production.
INFOR
13560 Morris Rd, Suite 4100, Alpharetta,
GA30004
TEL:+1 6783198000
FAX:+1 6783198682
sales@infor.com
www.infor.com
Offers a suite of fully integrated enterprise
solutions to help companies address their
business needs with innovative software at a
lower total cost of ownership.
INNOTRONIKS
473 Sapena Ct, Suite 19, Santa Clara,
CA95054
CONTACT: Gary Chu
info@innotroniks.com
www.innotroniks.com
Designs, prototypes, and manufactures high
brightness, high-reliability LED lights and
luminaires for commercial and industrial
customers.
INTEGRATED CHP SYSTEMS
CORP
50 Washington Rd, Princeton Junction,
NJ08550
CONTACT: Gearoid Foley
TEL:+1 6097992340
FAX:+1 6097992604
www.ichps.com
Provides feasibility and design engineering
services for cogeneration.
INTELLIDRIVES INC
8510 Bustleton Ave, Philadelphia, PA19152
CONTACT: Greg Kane
TEL:+1 2157286804
FAX:+1 2157459459
admin@intellidrives.com
www.intellidrives.com
Manufactures torque motors and generators
used in renewable energy applications.
INTERDEVELOPMENT INC
1629 K St, NW, Suite 300, Washington,
DC20006
TEL:+1 2025081459
FAX:+1 202 3313759
interdevelopment@starpower.net
www.interdevelopment.com
Provides management consulting services,
project and equipment fnancing/leasing
including software, training, and search for
business partners, export/import assistance
and trade fnance, EPC systems, regulatory
compliance, certifcations, and translations.
INTERNATIONAL DISTRICT
ENERGY ASSOCIATION - IDEA
24 Lyman St, Suite 230, Westborough,
MA01581
CONTACT: Tanya Kozel
TEL:+1 5083669339
FAX:+1 5083660019
idea@districtenergy.org
www.districtenergy.org
Is a 501(c)(6) nonproft trade association
representing the district heating, cooling and
cogeneration (combined heat and power)
industry. Founded in 1909.
INTERNATIONAL GENERATOR
TECHNICAL COMMUNITY
PO Box 370, Columbus, OH43216
CONTACT: Forum Master
webmaster@generatortechnicalforum.org
www.generatortechnicalforum.org
Hosts a worldwide online members-only
technical forum for qualifying power plant
management, engineers and academics
responsible for the design, service,
maintenance and reliability of electric
generators.
INTERNATIONAL POWER
MACHINERY CO
50 Public Sq, Terminal Tower, Suite 834,
Cleveland, OH44113
CONTACT: Alan Kern
TEL:+1 2166219514
FAX:+1 2166219515
kernx06@sbcglobal.net
www.intlpwr.com
Procures and sells generators, turbines,
engines, transformers, boilers and more.
INTERPHASES SOLAR INC
3533 Old Conejo Rd, Suite 110, Newbury
Park, CA91320
TEL:+1 8054996360
FAX:+1 8054996360
geninfo@interphases.com
www.interphases.com
Develops low-cost technology for high-
volume manufacturing of fexible solar cells.
INTERTEK
70 Codman Hill Rd, Boxborough, MA01719
CONTACT: Carl Bloomfield
TEL:+1 9782649403
icenter@intertek.com
www.intertek.com
Tests and certifes lighting in a variety of
applications including photometry, color,
environmental and mechanical testing,
Energy Star testing/certifcation, ETL mark
and more.
J
JAMISON PRODUCTS LP
207760 Commercial Park Rd, Tomball,
TX77375
CONTACT: James Pudifin
TEL:+1 7134666951
FAX:+1 7134665051
sales@jamisonproducts.com
www.jamisonproducts.com
Manufactures strainers, flters, pig launchers,
closures and process skids.
JEFFREY RADER CORP
398 Willis Rd, Woodruff, SC29388
CONTACT: Ted Gentile
TEL:+1 8644767523
FAX:+1 8644767510
sales@jeffreyrader.com
www.jeffreyrader.com
Manufactures size reduction, screening,
pneumatic, vibratory feeders, storage and
reclaiming equipment.
J FLETCHER CREAMER & SON
INC
101 E Broadway, Hackensack, NJ07601
CONTACT: R. Flock
TEL:+1 2014889800
FAX:+1 2014882901
rflock@jfcson.com
www.jfcson.com
Provides energy, utility, heavy highway and
pipeline rehab.
JOHN CRANE
Mechanical Seals Div, 6400 W Oakton St,
Morton Grove, IL60053
CONTACT: Andrew Martin
TEL:+1 8479672400
FAX:+1 8479673915
acmartin@johncrane.com
www.johncrane.com
Offers a range of engineered mechanical
seals.
JOHNSON CONTROLS INC
Building Efficiency Unit, 507 E Michigan St,
Milwaukee, WI53201
CONTACT: Steve Thomas
TEL:+1 4045244000
FAX:+1 4143470221
stephen.a.thomas@jci.com
www.johnsoncontrols.com/renewables
Provides turnkey renewable energy solutions
for solar, wind, biomass and geothermal.
JOHNSTON BOILER CO
(div of Hines Corp), 300 Pine St, PO Box 300,
Ferrysburg, MI49409-0300
CONTACT: R. Kim Black
TEL:+1 6168425050
FAX:+1 6168421854
info@johnstonboiler.com
www.johnstonboiler.com
Manufactures the Scotch marine fretube
boiler.
JONAS INC
4313 Nebraska Ct, Pomfret, MD20675
CONTACT: Lee Machemer
TEL:+1 3019345605
FAX:+1 3019345606
jonasinc@steamcycle.com
www.steamcycle.com
Provides consultants and products for
corrosion, water and steam chemistry.
JOSEPH OAT CORP
2500 Broadway, Camden, NJ08104
CONTACT: John McDonald
TEL:+1 8565412900
FAX:+1 8565410864
sales@josephoat.com
www.josephoat.com
Engineers, designs and fabricates chemical
and power plant equipment such as heat
exchangers, pressure vessels, columns, and
reactors. Specialises in stainless steels, high
nickel alloys, titanium, and zirconium.
K
KACO NEW ENERGY INC
North American Operations Div, 38 Keyes
Ave, Suite 102, The Presidio, San Francisco,
CA94129
TEL:+1 4159312046
FAX:+1 4159311688
kacoinfo@kaco-newenergy.com
www.kaco-newenergy.com
Manufactures PV inverters.
KEITH MANUFACTURING CO
401 NW Adler, Madras, OR97741
TEL:+1 5414753802
FAX:+1 5414752169
sales@keithwalkingfloor.com
www.keithwalkingfloor.com
Manufactures conveys systems for bulk
applications, such as waste, bulk fuel and
more.
KEMA INC
67 S Bedford St, Suite 201 E, Burlington,
MA01803-5177
CONTACT: Susan Erwin
TEL:+1 7812735700
FAX:+1 7812294867
info.consulting@kema.com
www.kema.com
Provides business and technical consulting,
operational support, measurement and
inspection, testing and certifcation services
for energy and utility clients worldwide, from
generation to the consumer side of the meter.
KLEINFELDER
5015 Shoreham Pl, San Diego, CA92122
CONTACT: Blair Loftis
TEL:+1 8583202000
FAX:+1 8583202001
www.kleinfelder.com
Specializes in alternative energy projects.
This is a project-management and
engineering frm.
KLEINSCHMIDT ASSOCIATES
141 Main St, PO Box 650, Pittsfield,
ME04967
CONTACT: Russ Sanford
TEL:+1 2074873328
FAX:+1 2074873124
russ.sanford@kleinschmidtusa.com
www.kleinschmidtusa.com
Specialises in integrating engineering,
science and regulatory disciplines to meet
client objectives in the renewable energy
industry including hydrokinetic, offshore wind
and traditional hydroelectric projects.
KNIGHTHAWK ENGINEERING
INC
17625 El Camino Real, Suite 412, Houston,
TX77058
CONTACT: Jim Salter
TEL:+1 2812829200
FAX:+1 2812829333
jsalter.knighthawk.com
www.knighthawk.com
Offers design, failure analysis and
troubleshooting of static and rotating
machinery. Engineering team is available
24/7 to respond to critical failures and
emergencies. Has a metallurgical and
metrology lab.
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KONECRANES INC
4401 Gateway Blvd, Springfield, OH45502
TEL:+1 4095509577
www.konecranesamericas.com
Serves a broad range of customers, including
the wind power industry, with a complete
range of lifting solutions that includes
specialized products and services for wind
turbine applications.
K-SUN CORP
370 SMC Dr, PO Box 309, Somerset,
WI54025
CONTACT: Linda Law
TEL:+1 7152474440
FAX:+1 8005229108
llaw@ksun.com
www.ksun.com
Provides labeling, marking, signage, safety
and industrial identifcation systems and
electronic labeling machines, software, and
supplies used in industries across the world.
KUGLER OF AMERICA LTD
48 South Rd, Unit 1, Somers, CT06071
CONTACT: Meinrad Schirmeister
TEL:+1 8607496400
FAX:+1 8607496600
info@kuglerofamerica.com
www.kuglerofamerica.com
L
LED WAVES
33 35th St, 6th Fl, Brooklyn, NY11232
TEL:+1 3474166182
www.ledwaves.com
Specialises in retroft and customized LED
lights as a small family run business in
Brooklyn. Send project specs and to fnd an
affordable, low-energy lighting solution.
LEYBOLD OPTICS USA
Solar Div, 539 James Jackson Ave, Cary,
NC27513
CONTACT: Phil Hatchett
TEL:+1 9196577100
FAX:+1 9196577101
phil.hatchett@leyboldoptics.com
Manufactures innovative vacuum deposition
systems for thin flm solar applications
on both rigid and fexible substrates.
Applications include front and back contact
layers, active layers, and custom machines.
LINGQI LLC
12005 Greenvalley Dr, Louisville, KY40243
CONTACT: Harry Zhang
TEL:+1 5026099537
lingqillc@yahoo.com
www.lingqillc.com
Performs accurate business and technical
translations between English, Chinese, and
Japanese.
LITTLEFORD DAY INC
7451 Empire Dr, Florence, KY41042-2985
CONTACT: Bill Barker
TEL:+1 8595257600
FAX:+1 8595251446
sales@littleford.com
www.littleford.com
Offers mixers, blending machines and size
reduction equipment for cloth recycling
industries.
LOGIC BEACH INC
8363-6F Center Dr, La Mesa, CA91942
CONTACT: Dave Parks
TEL:+1 6196983300
FAX:+1 6194698604
loggers@logicbeach.com
www.logicbeach.com
Manufactures and supplies portable data
logging and alarming systems.
LOTUS ENERGY INC
703 Warren St, Hudson, NY12534
TEL:+1 5184444679
FAX:+1 5187701264
infousa@lotusenergy.com
www.lotusenergy.com
Provides design and installation of grid-
tied solar PV systems in New York and
surrounding states. A US SolarPro distributor.
LUDECA INC
1425 NW 88th Ave, Doral, FL33172
CONTACT: Nils Heilemann
TEL:+1 3055918935
FAX:+1 3055911537
info@ludeca.com
www.ludeca.com
Offers preventive, predictive and corrective
maintenance solutions, including laser shaft
alignment, vibration analysis and balancing.
LUFFT USA INC
(sub of G Lufft Mess und Regeltechnik
GmbH), 420 Boardwalk Dr, Youngsville,
NC27596
TEL:+1 9195560818
ann.pattison@lufftusainc.com
www.lufftusainc.com
Manufactures intelligent weather stations
for a variety of environmental monitoring
applications. The instruments measure
solar radiation, rain, wind, temperature and
humidity all in one.
LUFKIN INDUSTRIES INC
Power Transmission Div, 407 Kiln St, PO Box
849, Lufkin, TX75902-0849
CONTACT: George Adda
TEL:+1 9366375224
FAX:+1 9366333916
gearsales@lufkin.com
www.lufkin.com
Manufactures and repairs gears for the
power generation market.
LUMASENSE TECHNOLOGIES
INC
3301 Leonard Ct, Santa Clara, CA95054
CONTACT: Kristi Ashton
TEL:+1 4087271600
FAX:+1 4087271677
k.ashton@lumasenseinc.com
www.lumasenseinc.com
LUTHERLYN ENVIRONMENTAL
EDUCATION PROGRAM - LEEP
PO Box 355, Prospect, PA16052
CONTACT: Todd Garcia-Bish
TEL:+1 7248659079
FAX:+1 7248659794
leep@lutherlyn.com
www.lutherlyn.com
Provides environmental education.
M
MACHIDA INC
(sub of Vision-Sciences Inc), 40 Ramland Rd
S, Orangeburg, NY10962
CONTACT: Jitu Patel
TEL:+1 8453650600
FAX:+1 8453650620
info@machidascope.com
www.machidascope.com
Offers fexible borescopes and engine
inspection kits for various engine models.
MADICO INC
(sub of Lintec), 64 Industrial Pkwy, Woburn,
MA01801
CONTACT: John Storms
TEL:+1 7819357850
FAX:+1 7819356841
infosf@madico.com
www.madicopv.com
Manufactures Protekt PV backsheets that
provide solar panels with maximum power,
bond strength, weather resistance and
design options. Protekt offers optimum cost
performance and exceeds industry testing
standards.
MAG
3940 Olympic Blvd, Erlanger, KY41018
CONTACT: Joe Jones
TEL:+1 8595344600
info-us@mag-ias.com
www.mag-ias.com
Supplies metal cutting, composites and solar
machines and systems.
MAGE SOLAR INC
1295 Bluegrass Lakes Pkwy, Alpharetta,
GA30004
TEL:+1 7706199440
FAX:+1 7706199411
info@magesolar.com
www.magesolar.com
Offers solar modules, highly-effective
mounting systems and name-brand inverters.
Customers beneft from economical solar
energy system solutions from a single
source.
MAGNETIC DIV GLOBAL
EQUIPMENT MKTG INC
PO Box 810483, Boca Raton, FL33481-0483
CONTACT: Marshall Gralnick
TEL:+1 5617508662
FAX:+1 5617509507
info@globalmagnetics.com
www.globalmagnetics.com
Provides magnets, magnetic separators
and detectors for separation of ferrous and
nonferrous metals.
MAGNETIC PRODUCTS &
SERVICES INC - MPS
2135 Hwy 35, Holmdel, NJ07733
CONTACT: B. Galano
TEL:+1 7322646651
FAX:+1 7322646876
sales@gaussbusters.com
www.gaussbusters.com
Offers demagnetizing, shaft condition
monitoring, shaft grounding and shaft current
control.
MASTEC NORTH AMERICA INC
9140 Arrowpoint Blvd, Suite 200, Charlotte,
NC28273
CONTACT: Barry Batson
TEL:+1 8002806570
FAX:+1 7045999824
barry.batson@mastec.com
www.mastecenergy.com
Provides turnkey solutions for renewable
projects including collector systems,
substations and switchyards, transmission
lines, and engineering procurement
construction (EPC) projects.
MATCOR INC
301 Airport Blvd, Doylestown, PA18902
CONTACT: Ted Huck
TEL:+1 2153482974
FAX:+1 2153482699
matcorsales@matcor.com
www.matcor.com
Designs, supplies and installs cathodic
protection systems.
J MAURITS CONSULTING
12517 NE 43rd Ave, Vancouver, WA98686
CONTACT: Jan Maurits
TEL:+1 3605740700
jmaurits@msn.com
Provides sales, marketing and technical
projects in silane and polysilicon feedstock.
MAVEN POWER
134 Vintage Park Blvd, Suite A-101, Houston,
TX77070
CONTACT: David Oehl
TEL:+1 8325529225
FAX:+1 8324603760
info@mavenpower.com
www.mavenpower.com
Supplies equipment, engineering and
service for on-site generation and balance
of plant for both domestic and international
installations. Specialises in power plants for
utility, industrial and hospitality applications.
MAXWELL TECHNOLOGIES
INC
9244 Balboa Ave, San Diego, CA92123
CONTACT: Juergen Auer
TEL:+1 8585033300
FAX:+1 8585033301
info@maxwell.com
www.maxwell.com
Provides Boostcap ultracapacitors with
many benefts for wind turbine pitch control
systems.
MCBURNEY CORP
1650 International Ct, Suite 100, Norcross,
GA30093
CONTACT: John McBurney
TEL:+1 7709257100
FAX:+1 7709257400
info@mcburney.com
www.mcburney.com
System integrator of biomass boilers and
cogeneration systems.
MEE INDUSTRIES INC
Gas Turbine Div, 16021 Adelante St,
Irwindale, CA91702
CONTACT: Thomas Mee
TEL:+1 6263594550
FAX:+1 6263594660
info@meefog.com
www.meefog.com
Provides gas turbine inlet air fogging that
boosts output and increases effciency.
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MEGGITT SENSING SYSTEMS
20511 Seneca Meadows Pkwy, Germantown,
MD20876
CONTACT: Renard Klubnik
TEL:+1 3013308811
FAX:+1 3013308873
wilcoxon@meggitt.com
www.wilcoxon.com
Manufactures industrial accelerometers.
MERIDIAN ASSOCIATES INC
500 Cummings Center Suite 5950, Beverly,
MA01915
TEL:+1 9782990447
FAX:+1 9782990567
mai@meridianassoc.com
www.meridianassoc.com
Provides land development, 3D mapping,
3D laser scanning, renewable energy,
and sustainability assessment consulting
services to corporate, commercial, industrial,
institutional and public clients.
MERSEN USA
Electrical Circuit Protection Div, (formerly
known as Ferraz Shawmut), 374 Merrimac
St, Newburyport, MA01950
CONTACT: Natalie Timmons
TEL:+1 9784626662
FAX:+1 9784620181
info.nby@mersen.com
us.ferrazshawmut.com
Continues its commitment to critical research
in electrical safety by providing industrial,
commercial, and OEM customers with
innovative products and technical support.
METAL CABINET & FIXTURE
CO
(div of Span-O-Matic), 825 Columbia St,
Brea, CA92821
CONTACT: Steven Krause
TEL:+1 7142564700
FAX:+1 7142564401
skrause@spanomatic.com
www.metalcab.com
Provides custom NEMA type enclosures,
including NEMA 1, 3, 3R, 4, 4X, 12 and
13, steel, stainless and aluminum, hot dip
galvanize, free-standing enclosures, bus bar,
and precision metal fabrication.
METSO POWER
Power Business Line Div, (div of Metso Corp),
3430 Toringdon Way, Suite 201, Charlotte,
NC28277
CONTACT: Eric Tanguay
TEL:+1 7045411453
FAX:+1 7045411128
info.power@metso.com
www.metso.com/energy
Provides engineering capabilities including
EPC, coal and biomass-fred CFB and BFB
boilers and power plants, lifetime support,
including chemical cleanings, manufacturing,
3-D laser, parts, plant maintenance, outage,
and related services.
MICHAEL STAVY CONSULTING
ENERGY ECONOMIST
432 N Clark St, Suite 204, Chicago, IL60654
CONTACT: Michael Stavy
TEL:+1 3128321631
FAX:+1 3128321632
michael@michaelstavy.com
www.michaelstavy.com
Offers renewable (wind, solar) energy project
(100 kW10 MW) development, consultation
on climate change mitigation and purchase
of electricity/NG in Illinois and other
competitive markets.
MILWAUKEE RESISTOR CORP
8920 W Heather Ave, Milwaukee, WI53224
CONTACT: Dennis LeMaster
TEL:+1 8886166666
FAX:+1 4143628900
sales@milwaukeeresistor.com
www.milwaukeeresistor.com
Designs and manufactures power line
resistors for energy control solutions.
MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC &
ELECTRONICS USA
Photovoltaic/Solar Div, 5665 Plaza Dr,
Cypress, CA90630
CONTACT: Jenean Smith
TEL:+1 7142202500
pv@meus.mea.com
www.mitsubishielectricsolar.com
Manufactures 100% lead-free solder, high-
effciency solar modules.
MJ ELECTRIC LLC
PO Box 686, Iron Mountain, MI49801
TEL:+1 9067748000
FAX:+1 9067794217
mjsutinen@mjelectric.com
www.mjelectric.com
MKS INSTRUMENTS INC
2 Tech Dr, Suite 201, Andover, MA01810
TEL:+1 9786455500
FAX:+1 9785575100
mks@mksinst.com
www.mksinst.com
MOBILE MARK
3900-B River Rd, Schiller Park, IL60176
TEL:+1 8476716690
FAX:+1 8476716715
info@mobilemark.com
www.mobilemark.com
Designs and manufactures antennas for
137 MHz9 GHz. Applications include GPS
tracking and feet management, cellular
GSM/CDMA, LTE, WiMAX, WiFi, RFID,
military and machine-to-machine (M2M).
MODULAR INDUSTRIAL
COMPUTER INC
6635 Lee Hwy, Chattanooga, TN37421
CONTACT: Mark Adcock
TEL:+1 4234990700
FAX:+1 4238920000
Marka@mic.com
www.mic.com
Provides industrial, ruggedized computers,
displays, and computer enclosures
specifcally designed to meet the harsh
demands of NEMA 4/4X /12 computing
environments for over 20 years.
MOOG INC
Jamison Rd, East Aurora, NY14052
TEL:+1 7166522000
FAX:+1 7166874457
info.usa@moog.com
www.moog.com
Provides motion control solutions, including
hydraulic, electric and hybrid technologies.
MORNINGSTAR CORP
8 Pheasant Run, Newtown, PA18940
CONTACT: Donna Pizzullo
TEL:+1 2153214457
FAX:+1 2153214458
info@morningstarcorp.com
www.morningstarcorp.com
Supplies PV controllers and inverters using
advanced technology. The controllers
and inverters have set new standards in
the industry for quality, high reliability and
extended battery life.
MORRISON & KIBBEY LTD
Box 20566 Cherokee Station, New York,
NY10021-0070
CONTACT: Brian Morrison
TEL:+1 9176533017
FAX:+1 9147932632
bam@morrisonkibbey.com
Provides equity, debt and lease fnancing
for renewable energy and renewable fuel
projects.
MORTENSON CONSTRUCTION
Renewable Energy Groups Div, 700 Meadow
Ln N, Minneapolis, MN55422
CONTACT: Deb Delambert
TEL:+1 7635222100
FAX:+1 7632875581
elling.olson@mortenson.com
www.mortenson.com/wind
Contractor with more than 100 renewable
energy projects and nearly 11,000 megawatts
throughout North America.
MTC TRANSFORMERS
823 Fairview Rd, Wytheville, VA24382
CONTACT: Michael Stafford
TEL:+1 2762287943
FAX:+1 2762287953
www.mtctransformers.com
Manufactures dry type OEM transformers in
many sectors of the renewable market. Has
transformers in operation in many different
sectors of the renewable market.
MURPHY INTERNATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT LLC
Renewables Div, PO Box 807, Georgetown,
CT06829
CONTACT: Douglas Murphy
TEL:+1 2035448303
FAX:+1 2035448302
murphymidc@aol.com
www.murphyintldev.com
Provides equipment, development, O&M and
fnancing.
N
NAES CORP
1180 NW Maple St, Suite 200, Issaquah,
WA98027
CONTACT: Jeanette Carroll
TEL:+1 4259614700
FAX:+1 4259614646
sales@naes.com
www.naes.com
Provides operations, maintenance and
construction, repair, technical support,
and staffng services to the wind power
generation, hydro and renewable industries.
NATIONAL ELECTRIC COIL
800 King Ave, Columbus, OH43212
CONTACT: Stephen Jeney
TEL:+1 6144881151
FAX:+1 6144888892
hvcoils@national-electric-coil.com
www.highvoltagecoils.com
Repairs, upgrades, and retrofts high-
voltage generators and rotating exciters.
Manufactures high-voltage coils/bars,
all types and sizes and turbogenerator
rotor windings. Engineers and designs
replacement components. ISO 9001 certifed
quality management systems.
NATIONAL HYDROPOWER
ASSOCIATION
25 Massachusetts Ave NW, Suite 450,
Washington, DC20001
CONTACT: Diane Lear
TEL:+1 2026821700
FAX:+1 2026829478
www.hydro.org
Trade association dedicated to advancing the
interests of the North American hydropower
industry. Membership includes private and
public hydroelectric generators, consultants,
manufacturers, service providers and
attorneys.
NATIONAL LEASE FINANCING
SERVICES
4370 La Jolla Village Dr, Suite 400, San
Diego, CA92122
CONTACT: Chuck Gerni
TEL:+1 8585464888
leasefinance@san.rr.com
Arranges tax-oriented, tax-exempt,
capital and operating leases and loans for
commercial entities, non-proft organizations
and governments. 40 years experience. Solar
equipment leases only in California.
NAVIGANT
1801 K St NW, Suite 500, Washington,
DC20006
CONTACT: Lisa Frantzis
TEL:+1 2024817336
FAX:+1 2029732401
www.navigant.com
Provides consulting assistance to public
power companies, investor-owned utilities,
fnancial entities, government organizations,
non-regulated power suppliers, pipeline
companies, large energy customers, law
frms and other energy industry players.
NEBRASKA BOILER
(div of Cleaver-Brooks Inc), 6940 Cornhusker
Hwy, Lincoln, NE68507
CONTACT: Rocky Bahramzad
TEL:+1 4024342000
FAX:+1 4024342064
sales@neboiler.com
www.neboiler.com
Provides watertube steam generators,
specializing in packaged D, A and O boilers.
NEXUM RENEWABLES
5775 Wayzata Blvd, Suite 300, Minneapolis,
MN55416
TEL:+1 9528435560
FAX:+1 9525464279
marketing@nexumrenewables.com
www.nexumrenewables.com
Develops proprietary technology that
provides fossil fuel-free energy solutions.
NIAGARA BLOWER HEAT
TRANSFER SOLUTIONS
673 Ontario St, Buffalo, NY14207
CONTACT: Mark Vogel
TEL:+1 7168752000
FAX:+1 7168751077
sales@niagarablower.com
www.niagarablower.com
Manufactures wet surface air coolers and
offers design/build engineering.
NORDEX USA INC
300 S Wacker Dr, Suite 1500, Chicago,
IL60606
TEL:+1 3123864100
www.nordex-online.com
Offers high-effciency wind turbines for
onshore use.
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NORDSON CORP
Adhesives Dispensing Group Div, 11475
Lakefield Dr, Duluth, GA30097-1511
CONTACT: Salieta Stone
TEL:+1 7704973400
FAX:+1 7704973656
adhesiveleads@nordson.com
www.nordson.com/hotmelt
NORTH AMERICAN BOARD
OF CERTIFIED ENERGY
PRACTITIONERS - NABCEP
10 Hermes Rd, Suite 400, Malta, NY12020
TEL:+1 5188998126
FAX:+1 5188991622
psheehan@nabcep.org
www.nabcep.org
Promotes renewable energy through national
certifcation of solar PV installers.
NORTH AMERICAN PHOENIX
ENERGY
8310 Technology Dr, Schofield, WI54476
CONTACT: Ronald Hahn
TEL:+1 7153590209
FAX:+1 7153591049
sales@napenergy.com
www.napenergy.com
Provides generation controls, governors and
balance of plant systems.
NORTH CANYON SOLAR AND
PLUMBING INC
523 W Galvin St, Phoenix, AZ85086
CONTACT: John Gilchrist
TEL:+1 6235823708
FAX:+1 6235826667
northcanyon@qwest.net
www.northcanyonsolar.com
Designs, sells, installs and services
domestic hot water, pool solar systems and
photovoltaics.
NORTH EAST ARIZONA
ENERGY SERVICES CO - NEA-
ESCO
HC30 Box 2A, 43 Sutton Cir, Concho,
AZ85924
CONTACT: Larry Bell
TEL:+1 9285210888
mail@arizonaenergy.org
www.arizonaenergy.org
Provides clean renewable energy usage in
Arizona, USA.
NORTHERN POWER SYSTEMS
29 Pitman Rd, Barre, VT05641
TEL:+1 8024612955
FAX:+1 8024612996
info@northernpower.com
www.northernpower.com
Designs, manufactures, and sells permanent,
magnet, direct drive wind turbines into the
global marketplace.
NOVA ANALYTICAL SYSTEMS
INC
(sub of Tenova Goodfellow Inc), 1925 Pine
Ave, Niagara Falls, NY14301
CONTACT: David Sheasby
TEL:+1 7162850418
FAX:+1 7162822937
websales@nova-gas.com
www.nova-gas.com
Manufatures portable and continuous
gas analyzers and monitors for fue gas,
emissions, landfll gas, oxygen, methane,
carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen,
biogas, syngas, heat treat gas, ambient, and
H
2
purity.
NOVI ENERGY
23955 Novi Rd, Novi, MI48375
CONTACT: Anand Gangadharan
TEL:+1 2487356684
FAX:+1 2487350088
agangadh@novienergy.com
www.novienergy.com
Offers energy consulting, energy
management and energy infrastructure
project development.
NOVOZYMES BIOLOGICALS
INC - NZB
(div of Novozymes A/S), 5400 Corporate Cir,
Salem, VA24153
CONTACT: Tammy Tyree
TEL:+1 5403899361
FAX:+1 5403892688
wastewater@novozymes.com
www.novozymes.com/wastewatersolutions
Provides state-of-the-art biological products
and services for wastewater systems to
improve business and the planets resources
by harnessing the power of nature.
NRG SYSTEMS INC
110 Riggs Rd, Hinesburg, VT05461-0509
CONTACT: Paul Dawson
TEL:+1 8024822255
FAX:+1 8024822272
info@nrgsystems.com
www.nrgsystems.com
Provides wind measurement systems for the
wind energy industry and sensors for turbine
control.
O
OCEAN RENEWABLE ENERGY
SYSTEMS CORP - ORES
Research and Development Div, 11920 SE
199th Ct, Renton, WA98058
CONTACT: R. Woodson Kamehaleha-Jones
TEL:+1 8082846865
FAX:+1 2538523422
rwoodson@orescorp.com
www.orescorp.com
Produces electric energy onshore by use
of ocean currents. Also uses river current
for electric energy production. Harvests
hydrogen, oxygen and water purifcation.
OFS FITEL LLC
Specialty Photonics Div, (sub of Furukawa
Electric Co), 55 Darling Dr, Avon, CT06001
CONTACT: Mike Hines
TEL:+1 8606786531
FAX:+1 8606748818
info@specialtyphotonics.com
www.specialtyphotonics.com
Manufactures optical fber, cable, and
assemblies for geophysical, windpower and
industrial applications. Makers of 200 m
HCS fber-wire cable. RoHS 06 compliant.
ISO 9001 certifed.
OKLAHOMA DEPARTMENT OF
COMMERCE
900 N Stiles Ave, Oklahoma City,
OK73104-3234
TEL:+1 4058156552
info@okcommerce.gov
www.okcommerce.gov
Promotes the development and expansion of
the wind and solar industries in Oklahoma for
the purpose of quality job creation.
OLYMPIC ENERGY SYSTEMS
INC
907 19th St, Port Townsend, WA98368
CONTACT: Jonathan Clemens
TEL:+1 3603015133
olympicenergy@aol.com
www.olympicenergysystems.com
Provides renewable energy consulting and
system design for solar, wind and hydro.
ORBIS CORP (NORSEMAN
ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCTS)
(div of ORBIS Corp), 1055 Corporate Center
Dr, Oconomowoc, WI53066
CONTACT: Samantha Goetz
TEL:+1 8009998683
info@orbiscorporation.com
www.norsemanenvironmental.com
Offers curbside and organic recycling bins,
SYSTERN rain barrel and Earth Machine
backyard compost bin to improve recycling
rates and conserve naturally.
ORIVAL INC
213 S Van Brunt St, Englewood, NJ07631
TEL:+1 2015683311
FAX:+1 2015681916
filters@orival.com
www.orival.com
Manufactures automatic, self-cleaning water
flters and strainers.
P
PANELCLAW INC
1600 Odgood St, Bldg 20 Suite 2-23, North
Andover, MA01845
TEL:+1 9786884900
FAX:+1 9786885100
sales@panelclaw.com
www.panelclaw.com
PARA-COAT TECHNOLOGIES
INC
(sub of Parylene Conformal Coating), 900
Oak St, Johnstown, PA15902
CONTACT: Krista Rager
TEL:+1 8142544376
FAX:+1 8142544057
krager@pctcoformalcoating.com
www.pctconformalcoating.com
Provides parylene conformal coating. Offers
a 5-day normal turn time with competitive
pricing.
PARKER HANNIFIN CORP
6035 Parkland Blvd, Cleveland,
OH44124-4141
TEL:+1 2168963000
FAX:+1 2168964410
c-parker@parker.com
www.parker.com
Offers motion-control technologies and
systems, providing precision-engineered
solutions.
PARKER PRECISION COOLING
SYSTEMS
Precision Cooling Systems Div, (sub of
Parker Hannifin), 10801 Rose Ave, New
Haven, IN
TEL:+1 5095525112
www.parkerprecisioncooling.com
Specializes in advanced two-phase liquid
management thermal solutions to enable
high powered wind turbine systems and solar
inverters and related energy storage solutions
for renewables.
PATENTS AND LICENSING LLC
28 Barrington Bourne, Barrington,
IL60010-9605
CONTACT: Daniel Juffernbruch
TEL:+1 8474586313
www.patentsandlicensing.com
Advises on the licensing and infringement of
intellectual property and patenting of energy
technologies.
PATHSOURCE PARTNERS
PO Box 2549, Nevada City, CA95959
CONTACT: David Jordan
TEL:+1 5302724009
FAX:+1 5302749009
info1@pathsourcepartners.com
www.pathsourcepartners.com
Provides executive search and volume-hiring
services for cleantech industries.
PAUL GIPE
606 Hillcrest Dr, Bakersfield, CA93305
CONTACT: Paul Gipe
TEL:+1 6613259590
pgipe@igc.org
www.wind-works.org
Author, advocate and renewable energy
activist.
PDM SOLAR INC
100 N 72nd Ave, PO Box 36, Wausau,
WI54402-0036
CONTACT: Howard Manske
TEL:+1 7155732805
howard.manske@pdmsolar.com
www.pdmsolar.com
Offers solar thermal air conditioning systems
with electric generation, solar thermal heating
systems with electric generation, solar
thermal electric generation, and waste heat
as source.
PEARL STEAM ENGINE CO
RR 1, Box 45, Sutton, VT05867
TEL:+1 8024673205
pearlengine@gmail.com
www.pearlengine.com
Provides compact steam engines for
cogeneration, marine propulsion and prime
movers.
PENNWELL CORP
1421 S Sheridan Rd, Tulsa, OK74112
TEL:+1 9188353161
www.pennwell.com
A business-to-business media company
providing authoritative print and online
publications, conferences and exhibitions,
research, databases, online exchanges and
information products to strategic global
markets.
PETROTECH INC
141 James Dr W, St Rose, LA70087
CONTACT: David Iavie
TEL:+1 5046206600
FAX:+1 5046206601
info@petrotechinc.com
www.petrotechinc.com
Provides integrated open architecture control
systems for turbine sets and compressors.
PFISTER ENERGY INC
80 E 5th St, Paterson, NJ07524
CONTACT: Wayne Pfisterer
TEL:+1 9736539880
FAX:+1 9735699663
wpfisterer@pfisterenergy.com
www.pfisterenergy.com
Offers solar integrated roofng systems, wind
turbines, daylighting and solar thermal.
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PHOENIX ELECTRIC CORP
PO Box 53, Boston, MA02137
CONTACT: Georgia Beyersdorfer
TEL:+1 7818210200
FAX:+1 7818285719
sales@pec-usa.biz
www.pec-usa.biz
Designs, manufactures, and installs specialty
switchgear, air-core cylindrically wound
reactors, and associated systems for utilities,
industry, and government agencies.
PLASMA WASTE RECYCLING
INC
401 Franklin St, Huntsville, AL35801
CONTACT: Al Nunley
TEL:+1 2562582800
FAX:+1 2562582803
info@plasma-wr.com
www.plasma-wr.com
Utilises a high-temperature plasma arc
to effciently convert waste into clean,
renewable energy and saleable by-products.
PNEUMAFIL CORP
(sub of Environmental Filtration
Technologies), PO Box 16348, Charlotte,
NC28297-8804
CONTACT: Steve Klocke
TEL:+1 7043997441
FAX:+1 7043987515
gtinfo@pneumafil.com
www.pneumafil.com
Offers a variety of air inlet systems, flters and
media for gas turbines.
POINT EIGHT POWER INC
1510 Engineers Rd, Bella Chase, LA70037
CONTACT: Wes Lockwood
TEL:+1 5043946100
FAX:+1 5043916843
sales@pointeightpower.com
www.pointeightpower.com
Designs, manufactures and services
electrical control and distribution systems.
POSITIVE ENERGY INC
3201 Calle Marie, Santa Fe, NM87507
CONTACT: Allan Sindelar
TEL:+1 5054241112
FAX:+1 5054241113
info@positiveenergysolar.com
www.positiveenergysolar.com
Operates as a full-service regional installing
dealer for independent and intertwined
renewable power systems. Local, employee-
owned, carbon neutral company with eight
NABCEP certifed installers and offces in
Santa Fe, Albuquerque, Las Cruces and
Taos.
POWER ACOUSTICS INC
12472 Lake Underhill Rd, #302, Orlando,
FL32828
CONTACT: Dave Parzych
TEL:+1 4073811439
FAX:+1 4073816080
info@poweracoustics.com
www.poweracoustics.com
Offers acoustical consultants, noise control
engineers and environmental impact
assessment.
POWER ENGINEERING
CONTACT: Rick Huntzicker
TEL:+1 7705782688
FAX:+1 7705782690
rickh@pennwell.com
www.power-eng.com
More than 67,000 power generation
professionals read Power Engineering
magazine for expert coverage on the
industrys important news and emerging
trends.
POWERGRID INTERNATIONAL
CONTACT: Michael Grossman
TEL:+1 9188319500
FAX:+1 9188319834
michaelg@pennwell.com
www.elp.com
Provides a journal on electric power
transmission and distribution automation
systems, engineering and information
technology.
POWERPOD CORP
Renewable Energy Systems Div, PO Box 750,
Olathe, CO81425
CONTACT: Kerry Kalarney
TEL:+1 8887863374
solar4u@starband.net
www.powerpod.com
Provides modular integrated renewable
energy systems for schools and medical
clinics.
PPC SOLAR
(div of Paradise Power Co Inc), 1036 Reed
St, Taos, NM87571
CONTACT: Daniel Weinman
TEL:+1 5757375896
FAX:+1 5757583024
info@ppcsolar.com
www.ppcsolar.com
Specialises in solar, renewable energy,
solar electric, wind power and conventional
electric. Offers equipment sales, design,
installation, and service, residential and
commercial, and NABCEP certifed electrical
contractors.
PRADO TECHNOLOGY CORP
PO Box 274206, Tampa, FL33688
CONTACT: Faustino Prado
TEL:+1 8139611072
tp@pradotec.com
www.pradotec.com
Designs biomass to liquid fuels using
Fischer-Tropsch technology.
PRATT & WHITNEY POWER
SYSTEMS
400 Main St, MS 191-13, East Hartford,
CT06108
CONTACT: Lucia Maffucci
TEL:+1 8605653051
FAX:+1 8607556276
lucia.maffucci@pw.utc.com
www.pw.utc.com
Offers power systems and Organic Rankin
Cycle (ORC) products, which provide heat
to electricity generation for geothermal,
biomass, heat recovery, and concentrated
solar applications.
PRECISION COMBUSTION INC
410 Sackett Point Rd, North Haven,
CT06473-3106
CONTACT: Anthony Anderson
TEL:+1 2032873700
FAX:+1 2032873710
tech@precision-combustion.com
www.precision-combustion.com
Develops catalytic devices for the clean
energy sector. Technologies under
development include biofuel catalytic
combustors for gas turbines and fuel
reformers to enable fuel cells to operate on
biofuels.
PRECISION ENERGY SERVICES
INC
PO Box 1004, Hayden, ID83835
TEL:+1 2087724457
FAX:+1 2087621113
energy@pes-world.com
www.pes-world.com
Provide technical services to project
developers, independent power producers
and industrial clients.
PRECISION ENGINE
CONTROLS CORP
(div of Hamilton Sundstrand), 11661 Sorrento
Valley Rd, San Diego, CA92121-1083
CONTACT: Steve Dingsdale
TEL:+1 8587923217
FAX:+1 8587923200
sales@precisioneng.com
www.precisioneng.com
Provides electronic controls and fuel
metering valves for industrial and marine gas
turbines.
PRINCETON POWER SYSTEMS
INC
201 Washington Rd, Bldg 2, Princeton,
NJ08540
CONTACT: Marta Loc
TEL:+1 6099555390
FAX:+1 6092587329
info@princetonpower.com
www.princetonpower.com
Manufactures advanced power conversion
products and alternative energy systems
such as converters, morot drives/controllers,
energy storage systems. In addition, provides
engineering services and system designs.
PRM ENERGY SYSTEMS INC -
PRME
504 Windamere Ter, Hot Springs, AR71913
CONTACT: Ron Bailey
TEL:+1 5017672100
FAX:+1 5017677679
rbaileys@prmenergy.com
www.prmenergy.com
Offers biomass gasifcation to green energy
systems worldwide.
PROCESS EQUIPMENT -
BARRON INDUSTRIES
2770 Welborn St, PO Box 1607, Pelham,
AL35124
CONTACT: Ken Nolen
TEL:+1 2056635330
FAX:+1 2056636037
www.processbarron.com
Engineers, designs, manufactures and erects
fans from 100 to 7000 hp.
PROSIM INC
(sub of ProSim SA), Science Center, 3711
Market St, 8th Fl, Philadelphia, PA19104
CONTACT: Isabelle Girard
TEL:+1 2156003760
FAX:+1 2153863970
info@prosim.net
www.prosim.net
Provides software solutions for utilities
management, power plants optimization and
process simulation.
PROTEAN ENERGY ADVISORS
LLC
202 W Vanderbilt Dr, Mars, PA16046
CONTACT: Michelle Vensel
TEL:+1 7247769098
info@proteanadvisors.com
www.proteanadvisors.com
Operates a fnancial and project advisory,
restructuring and strategic guidance to the
energy sector.
PROTON ENERGY SYSTEM
10 Technology Dr, Wallingford, CT06492
CONTACT: John Speranza
TEL:+1 2039498697
FAX:+1 2039498016
customerservice@protonenergy.com
www.protonenergy.com
Manufactures generators that produce
99.999% pure hydrogen on-site.
PSYCHSOFTPC
PO Box 232, Quincy, MA02171
CONTACT: Tim Lynch
TEL:+1 6174718733
sales@psychsoftpc.com
www.psychsoftpc.com
PV CELLS & MATERIALS
15959 E Brodiea Dr, Fountain Hills, AZ85268
CONTACT: Ygal Giramberk
TEL:+1 4808372794
info@pvcell.com
www.pvcell.com
Distributes solar cells, wafers and ingot
wholesale.
Q
QUANTA POWER GENERATION
(sub of Quanta Services), 5445 DTC Pkwy,
Suite 1200, Geenwood Village, CO80111
TEL:+1 3034598300
sales@quantapower.net
www.quantarenewable.com
Provides full engineering, procurement and
construction services with the fexibility
of single-services or complete program
management for the renewable energy
industry.
QUANTA SERVICES
2800 Post Oak Blvd, Suite 2600, Houston,
TX77056
CONTACT: Ben Bosco
TEL:+1 7136297600
FAX:+1 7136297676
questions@quantaservices.com
www.quantaservices.com
QUIXOTIC SYSTEMS INC
90 Bedford St, Suite A, New York, NY10014
CONTACT: Richard Klein
TEL:+1 2123679161
FAX:+1 2123679212
info@quixotic-systems.com
www.quixotic-systems.com
Designs, consults and installs PV, solar
thermal (heating, hot water, electricity)
and wind applications. Offers clients a
comprehensive high quality approach to
addressing their energy profle for any
property.
R
RADFORD INDUSTRIES INC
PO Box 2278, Santa Maria, CA93457
CONTACT: George Radford
TEL:+1 8059285577
FAX:+1 8053462119
gradford@impulse.net
Distributes domestic hot water and pool solar
heating equipment.
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RALPH BRILL ASSOCIATES
PO Box 200, Garrison, NY10524-0200
CONTACT: John Singleton
TEL:+1 8002942811
FAX:+1 8002942811
brill.group@verizon.net
Provides waste cellulose and cassava to
ethanol systems and fuel cells.
REELCRAFT INDUSTRIES INC
2842 E Business Hwy 30, Columbia City,
IN46725
TEL:+1 2602488188
FAX:+1 2602482605
reelcraft@reelcraft.com
www.reelcraft.com
REFLECTECH INC
18200 W Hwy 72, Arvada, CO80007
TEL:+1 3033300399
info@reflectechsolar.com
www.reflectechsolar.com
Makes and distributes RefecTech mirror
flm, a silvered polymer mirror flm used in
concentrating solar applications.
REIN AND ASSOCIATES
1026 12th St S, Moorhead, MN56560
CONTACT: David Rein
TEL:+1 2182338463
FAX:+1 2182338463
rein@cableone.net
Designs and operates domestic and
industrial wastewater treatment plants.
REIS ROBOTICS USA INC
28490 Westinghouse Pl, Unit 170, Valencia,
CA91355
CONTACT: Gard Van Antwerp
TEL:+1 6617020275
FAX:+1 6617021012
gvanantwerp@reisrobotics.com
www.reisroboticsusa.com
Specialises in turnkey integration with more
than 100 module lines installed worldwide
and 6 GW of installed capacity. Maximizes
investments, minimizes risks.
REMA TIP TOP NORTH
AMERICA
1500 Industrial Blvd, Madison, GA30650
CONTACT: Gary Barnes
TEL:+1 8003347362
FAX:+1 7067524015
www.rematiptop.com
www.rematiptop.com
REMTECH INC
2 Red Oak Rd, St James, NY11780
TEL:+1 3037726825
FAX:+1 3037726827
www.remtechinc.com
Manufactures and maintains the Remtech
Dopplar Sodar and the RASS.
RENEWABLEENERGYWORLD.
COM
375 Jaffrey Rd, Peterborough, NH03458
TEL:+1 6039244405
FAX:+1 6039244451
www.renewableenergyworld.com
Provides daily renewable energy news,
products and technology overview.
RENEWABLE ENERGY
WORLD-NORTH AMERICA
CONFERENCE & EXPO
CONTACT: Dick Rauner
TEL:+1 9188329249
www.renewableenergyworld-events.com
Hosts an exhibition designed to move
renewables into the mainstream of the energy
sector.
RENEWABLE TECHNOLOGIES
INC
PO Box 1569, Sutter Creek, CA95685
CONTACT: Darryl Conklin
TEL:+1 2092675225
FAX:+1 2092675552
sales@renewable.com
www.renewable.com
Designs, engineers, procures, and contracts.
Licensing classifcations: Class Ageneral
engineering contractor, and Class Bgeneral
building contractor. Additional classifcations:
C-10 electrical, C-39 roofng, and C-46 solar.
RES AMERICAS
11101 W 120th Ave, Suite 400, Broomfield,
CO80021
TEL:+1 3034394200
FAX:+1 3034394299
info@res-americas.com
www.res-americas.com
Develops, constructs, owns and operates
renewable energy projects. Over 3400 mW of
renewable projects have been constructed,
which represents approximately 14% of the
operating wind farms in the US.
RETUBECO INC
6024 Ooltewah-Georgetown Rd, Ooltewah,
TN37363
CONTACT: Ed Overmyer
TEL:+1 4232384814
FAX:+1 4232389028
sales@retubeco.com
www.retubeco.com
Provides specialized high production
retubing tool packages, technical assistance,
specifcations, planning, and turnkey services
to the level necessary to support condenser
or heat exchanger retubing/repair projects.
RJM ASSOCIATES
PO Box 353, Easley, SC29641-0353
CONTACT: Ron McCracken
TEL:+1 8644141068
rmccracken@rjmmfg.com
www.rjmmfg.com
Offers business and relationship
development with an emphasis on the waste
industry. Focuses on developing long-term
and go-to-market strategies.
ROSE INDUSTRIAL
MARKETING INC
10006 Cross Creek Blvd 423, Tampa,
FL33647
CONTACT: Gary Rose
TEL:+1 8134538419
FAX:+1 8139739035
info@roseindmktg.com
www.roseindmktg.com
ROUTERITE.COM SERVICE
ROUTE BILLING SOFTWARE
638 Lindero Canyon Rd #353, Oak Park,
CA91377
CONTACT: Ken McGee
TEL:+1 8188891361
sales@gopst.com
www.gopst.com
Provides route service customer routing and
billing software.
RTI INTERNATIONAL
PO Box 12194, Research Triangle Park,
NC27709-2194
CONTACT: David L Myers
TEL:+1 9195417044
crm@rti.org
www.rti.org
Offers innovative research and technical
solutions in health, pharmaceuticals,
education, training, surveys and statistics,
advanced technology, economic and
social policy, energy, the environment, and
laboratory and chemistry services.
RUD CHAIN INC
840 N 20th Ave, PO Box 367, Hiawatha,
IA52408
CONTACT: Marla Erickson
TEL:+1 3192940001
FAX:+1 3192940003
mike.mews@rudchain.com
www.rudchain.com
Offers high-quality conveyor chains for cargo
and bulk material in the form of round steel
link chains, central chains and components
designed to achieve maximum service life.
RUSSTECH LANGUAGE
SERVICES INC
1338 Vickers Rd, Tallahassee, FL32303
TEL:+1 8505629811
FAX:+1 8505629815
russtech@russtechinc.com
www.russtechinc.com
Operates as a full-service translation and
interpreting company with experienced
linguists for all major languages. Specialises
in the energy sector and are one of the
highest volume providers of language
services to the U.S. Department of Energy.
Helps meet international objectives through
consistent, high quality language support.
S
SAFWAY SERVICES LLC
N19 W24200 Riverwood Dr, Waukesha,
WI53188
CONTACT: Bob Viscomi
TEL:+1 2625236500
FAX:+1 2625239808
info_request@safway.com
www.safway.com
Provides scaffold sales, rental, labor services,
project management and training.
SAMCO TECHNOLOGIES INC
One River Rock Dr, Buffalo, NY14207
CONTACT: Robert Bellitto
TEL:+1 7167439000
FAX:+1 7167431220
sales@samcotech.com
www.samcotech.com
Manufactures pure/wastewater and process
fltration separation system solutions.
Offers DOW BD 10 dry and BD20 process
equipment and SG and MG fltration ion
exchange systems.
SANREX CORP
50 Seaview Blvd, Port Washington, NY11050
TEL:+1 5166251313
FAX:+1 5166258847
ps@sanrex.com
www.sanrex.com
Markets components, equipment and
systems, including discrete power
semiconductors and more.
SARGENT & LUNDY LLC
55 E Monroe St, Chicago, IL60603
TEL:+1 3122692000
FAX:+1 3122693680
thinkingpower@sargentlundy.com
www.sargentlundy.com
Offers engineering and consulting services
for development, operation, and ownership
of renewable generation assets, including
wind, solar, biomass, energy storage,
geothermal. Involved in engineering power
generation and transmission projects for
100+ years.
S & B ENGINEERS AND
CONSTRUCTORS
Power Div, 7809 Park Pl Blvd, Bldg B, PO
Box 266245, Houston, TX77087
CONTACT: Rodney Johnson
TEL:+1 7136454141
sbpower@sbec.com
www.sbec.com
Providing EPC services for power, oil/gas,
petrochemical, refning, bio-fuels, pulp/paper,
and infrastructure industries throughout
the continental US. Module design and
assembly capabilities also provided.
SCHLETTER INC
3761 E Farnum Pl, Tucson, AZ85706
CONTACT: Deidre Murphy
TEL:+1 5202898700
FAX:+1 5202898695
mail@schletter.us
www.schletter.us
Offers extensive, highly engineered and
customized solar mounting systems.
SCHNEIDER ELECTRIC
132 Fairgrounds Rd, W Kingston, RI02892
TEL:+1 4017895735
FAX:+1 4017893710
www.apc.com
Converts and controls raw electrical power
from any central, distributed, renewable
power source into high-quality power
required by the electricity grid. Pre-wired
integrated solution provides a complete
equipment package designed to meet the
growing demands of large scale grid-tie
solar farms and commercial rooftop solar
installations. A complete solution for
electrical distribution, automation, security,
monitoring and control.
SCHUTTE & KOERTING
2510 Metropolitan Dr, Trevose, PA19053
CONTACT: Caroline Nelson
TEL:+1 2156390900
FAX:+1 2156391597
sales@s-k.com
www.s-k.com
Manufactures power and process equipment.
SCHWEITZER ENGINEERING
LABORATORIES INC
2350 NE Hopkins Ct, Pullman, WA99163
TEL:+1 5093321890
FAX:+1 5093327990
info@selinc.com
www.selinc.com
Serves power utilities and industrial sites
worldwide through the design, manufacture,
and support of digital protective relays,
automation products, services for power
system protection, control, monitoring,
integration, and automation.
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A-Z LISTING
SCIENCE APPLICATIONS
INTERNATIONAL CORP
Advanced Engineering & Applied Science
Div, 10210 Campus Point Dr, San Diego,
CA92121
CONTACT: Robin Taylor
TEL:+1 8588269052
FAX:+1 8588265582
taylorro@saic.com
www.saic.com
Provides concentrating solar dish systems
incorporating stirling engine, photovoltaic
and hydrogen receivers.
SCIPAR INC
26 W Spring St, PO Box 400, Williamsville,
NY14231-0400
CONTACT: Walter Kammer
TEL:+1 7166313730
FAX:+1 7166313799
info@scipar.com
www.scipar.com
SEADS SOLAR
PO Box 192, Harrington, ME04643
TEL:+1 2074832764
seadssolar@hotmail.com
www.seadsoftruth.webs.com
Offers solar, PV-hybrids modular solar
greenhouse remediation system,
acquaculture.
SEVENTH GENERATION
ENERGY SYSTEMS INC
100 S Baldwin St, #308, Madison, WI53703
CONTACT: Laura Caspari
TEL:+1 8772299201
FAX:+1 8667627496
info@seventhgenergy.org
www.seventhgenergy.org
Designs and installs small-medium wind
and solar systems. Provides wind resource
assessments and met tower installations for
developers, tribes, schools and communities.
SIEMENS ENERGY, POWER
GENERATION
4400 Alafaya Trail, Orlando, FL32826
TEL:+1 4077362000
FAX:+1 4077363131
support.energy@siemens.com
www.usa.siemens.com/energy
Offers products, solutions and services for
the entire energy conversion chain from
power generation and transmission to
distribution.
SIEMENS INDUSTRY
SOLUTIONS AUTOMATION
AND DRIVE TECHNOLOGIES
Process Instrumenation & Analytics Div, 155
Plant Ave, Hauppauge, NY11788
TEL:+1 6312313600
FAX:+1 6312313334
info.ultrasonicflow@siemens.com
www.sea.siemens.com
Supplies clamp-on ultrasonic fowmeters.
SIERRA CAPITAL SERVICES
PO Box 19637, Reno, NV89511
CONTACT: Tim Young
TEL:+1 7758528826
FAX:+1 7758528829
timyoung@sierracapitalservices.com
www.sierracapitalservices.com
Specialises in providing innovative fnancing
services for renewable energy systems.
SIERRA INSTRUMENTS INC
5 Harris Ct, Bldg L, Monterey, CA93940
TEL:+1 8008660200
FAX:+1 8313734402
info@sierrainstruments.com
www.sierrainstruments.com
Designs and manufactures high performance
fow instrumentation for gas, liquid and
steam applications commonly found in the
semiconductor, environmental, scientifc
research, petrochemical, energy, aerospace,
and general manufacturing industries.
SIERRA SOLAR SYSTEMS
563 C Idaho Maryland Rd, Grass Valley,
CA95945
CONTACT: Jonathan Hill
TEL:+1 5302736754
FAX:+1 5302731760
solarjon@sierrasolar.com
www.sierrasolar.com
Provides solar electric, wind and hydropower,
gas heaters and solar water pumping.
SIKA CORP
30800 Madison Hwy, Madison Heights, MI
48071
TEL: +1 248 577 0020
www.usa.sika.com
Offers products and solutions to the wind
turbine industry from the foundations of the
turbine to fabrication of the blades.
SILICONSULTANT
PO Box 1453, Evergreen, CO80437-1453
CONTACT: Ted F Ciszek
TEL:+1 3036743424
ted_ciszek@siliconsultant.com
www.siliconsultant.com
Provides silicon crystal growth, PV materials,
defect and impurities and consulting
services.
SINDAL BUSINESS AND
MARKET DEVELOPMENT
Renewable Energy Div, 36945 Silk Tree Ct,
Winchester, CA92596
CONTACT: Anne-Marie Howe
TEL:+1 9517603895
FAX:+1 9513258011
info@sindal-lundsberg.com
www.sindal-lundsberg.com
Offers tools for navigating international
wind energy development. Has 30 years
experience working in international wind
energy markets and expertise in international
business administration and management.
SMA AMERICA LLC
(sub of SMA Solar Technology AG), 6020 W
Oaks Blvd, Suite 300, Rocklin, CA95765
CONTACT: Jim Morgenson
TEL:+1 9166250870
FAX:+1 9166250871
sales@sma-america.com
www.sma-america.com
SMA America is the US-based subsidiary of
global solar leader SMA Solar Technology
AG and provides solar inverters, control and
monitoring products for all PV power classes
in North America.
SNAP-ON INDUSTRIAL
(div of Snap-on Inc), 2801 80th St, Kenosha,
WI53143
CONTACT: John Tremblay
TEL:+1 8777401900
FAX:+1 8777401880
industrial.inquiry@snapon.com
www.snapon.com/industrial
Offers products and services including hand
and power tools, torque and calibration
equipment, tool storage, diagnostics
software, information and management
systems for feet repair, industry, government,
agriculture, aviation and natural resources.
SODIMATE INC
639 W Diversey Pkwy, Suite 219, Chicago,
IL60614
CONTACT: Patrick Esor
TEL:+1 7736658800
FAX:+1 7736658805
p.esor@sodimate.com
www.sodimate-inc.com
Provides fue gas treatment/desulfurization
(FGD) specialist for dry/semi-dry chemical
handling systems.
SOHRE TURBOMACHINERY
INC
128 Main St, Monson, MA01057
TEL:+1 4132670590
FAX:+1 4132670592
tsohre@sohreturbo.com
www.sohreturbo.com
Offers grounding brushes, earthing brushes
for turbines, generators and more.
SOLAIRGEN
PO Box 1109, 119 Hwy 52 W, Dahlonega,
GA30533
CONTACT: Kelly Provence
TEL:+1 7068670678
FAX:+1 7068649162
koprovence@solairgen.com
www.solairgen.com
Offers photovoltaic and solar thermal training
classes and workshops.
SOLARBRIDGE
TECHNOLOGIES
9229 Waterford Centre Blvd, Bldg C, Suite
110, Austin, TX78758
CONTACT: Joe Scarci
TEL:+1 5126376860
FAX:+1 5126376878
info@solarbridgetech.com
www.solarbridgetech.com
Enables a new generation of AC modules
with patented microinverter technology.
Offers the module-integrated microinverters
which makes solar more affordable by
simplifying installation, increasing energy
harvest and improving reliability.
THE SOLAR CENTER INC
PO Box 290, Rockaway, NJ07866
TEL:+1 9736277730
FAX:+1 9736277735
info@thesolarcenter.com
www.thesolarcenter.com
Designs and installs residential and
commercial solar electricity (PV) and solar
hot water.
SOLAR CONNEXION AND
MOONLIGHT SOLAR
PO Box 10095, Blacksburg, VA24062-0095
CONTACT: Bryan Walsh
TEL:+1 5409615120
adam@solarconnexion.com
solarconnexion.com
Provides photovoltaic and electrical
contracting and solar equipment
troubleshooting in mid-eastern USA.
SOLAR CONSULTING
SERVICES - SCS
PO Box 392, Colebrook, NH03576
CONTACT: Chris Gueymard
TEL:+1 3864028949
chris@solarconsultingservices.com
www.solarconsultingservices.com
Provides expert assistance to large solar
projects that need bankable solar resource
assessment reports including weather station
installation, satellite-based modeled radiation
data, correction of measured data, future
projections and more.
SOLAR DESIGN ASSOCIATES
INC
280 Ayer Rd, PO Box 242, Harvard,
MA01451-0242
CONTACT: Steven Strong
TEL:+1 9784566855
FAX:+1 9787729715
sda@solardesign.com
www.solardesign.com
Offers architects/engineers designing
environmentally responsive buildings and
power systems.
SOLAR ELECTRIC
109 E 17th St, Suite 109, Cheyenne,
WY82001
CONTACT: Damian Gutierrez
TEL:+1 8585810051
FAX:+1 8008425678
solar@solarelectricinc.com
www.solarelectricinc.com
Offers solar electric and alternative energy
systems and components including solar
modules, inverters, controllers, meters,
batteries, system design and engineering,
project fnancing, training and more.
SOLAR ELECTRIC LIGHT FUND
1612 K St NW, Suite 402, Washington,
DC20006
CONTACT: Robert Freling
TEL:+1 2022347265
FAX:+1 2023289512
info@self.org
www.self.org
Provides and promotes PV for rural
electrifcation in the developing world.
SOLAR ELECTRIC POWER
ASSOCIATION - SEPA
1220 19th St NW, Suite 401, Washington,
DC20036
TEL:+1 2028570898
FAX:+1 2025592035
info@solarelectricpower.org
www.solarelectricpower.org
Works with energy service providers to
accelerate commercialization of PV.
SOLAR ELECTRIC POWER CO
- SEPCO
7986 SW Jack James Dr, Stuart, FL34997
CONTACT: Steve Robbins
TEL:+1 7722206615
FAX:+1 7722208616
info@sepconet.com
www.sepconet.com
Supplies and designs complete photovoltaics
systems for lighting applications.
SOLARH2OT LTD
2800 Perimeter Park Dr, Suite A, Morrisville,
NC27560
CONTACT: Jeanette Gretsch
TEL:+1 9194392387
FAX:+1 9195730719
sales@solarhotusa.com
www.solarhotusa.com
Manufactures and distributes solar thermal
systems.
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SOLARHOT
2800 Perimeter Park Dr, Suite A, Morrisville,
NC27560
TEL:+1 9194392387
sales@solarhotusa.com
www.solarhot.com
Designs, manufactures and wholesales solar
water heating equipment for residential,
commercial and industrial applications. The
packaged systems insure installations that
are cost effective and effcient.
SOLAR ILLUMINATIONS
14965 Technology Ct, Units 3-6, Ft Myers,
FL33912
TEL:+1 2394615522
FAX:+1 2393377887
sales@solarilluminations.com
www.solarilluminations.com
Sells solar lights and solar powered outdoor
lighting fxtures. Secure online ordering.
Worldwide shipping.
SOLAR INTERNATIONAL
MANAGEMENT INC
SolarBank Program Div, PO Box 34911,
Bethesda, MD20827
TEL:+1 2022991603
info@solarbank.com
www.solarbank.com
Finances solar electricity.
SOLAR LIBERTY
6500 Sheridan Dr, Suite 120, Buffalo,
NY14221
TEL:+1 18668073639
sales@solarliberty.com
www.solarliberty.com
Operates as a large-volume solar wholesaler
and distributor.
SOLARONE SOLUTIONS INC
330 Reservoir St, Needham, MA02494
CONTACT: IIze Greene
TEL:+1 3392254530
FAX:+1 3392254539
info@solarone.net
www.solarone.net
Manufactures commercial-grade solar
powered LED outdoor area lighting.
SOLAR RATING AND
CERTIFICATION CORP SRCC
1679 Clearlake Rd, Cocoa, FL32922-5703
CONTACT: Jim Huggins
TEL:+1 4357522521
FAX:+1 4357522860
byard.wood@usu.edu
www.solar-rating.org
Offers a solar collector and solar water
heating certifcation program.
SOLAR SOURCE
10840 Endeavour Way, Largo, FL33777
CONTACT: Rachel Doll
TEL:+1 7275724247
FAX:+1 7275442763
info@solarsource.net
www.solarsource.net
Specialises in swimming pools, water heating
and photovoltaics.
SOLAR TRACKING BY
SOLARICHARD
2037 S 7th St, Tacoma, WA98405
CONTACT: SolaRichard Thompson
TEL:+1 2535729220
solarrichard@aol.com
www.solarrichard.com
Designs, installs and repairs solar tracking
photovoltaic systems.
SOLAR TURBINES
(sub of Caterpillar Inc), 2200 Pacific Hwy, PO
Box 85376, San Diego, CA92186
TEL:+1 6195445352
FAX:+1 8586946715
powergen@solarturbines.com
www.solarturbines.com
Provides gas turbines for 150 MW power
projects. Offers clean, effcient, and
sustainable power for landfll gas, digester
gas, biogas and bio-diesel applications.
SOLAR WATER
TECHNOLOGIES INC
317 S Sidney Baker, Suite 400-112, Kerrville,
TX78028
TEL:+1 8303702021
FAX:+1 8308952208
swt@solarwater.com
www.solarwater.com
Offers systems integrator for solar and wind
powered water pumping equipment.
SOLFOCUS INC
3333 Coyote Hill Rd, Palo Alto, CA94304
CONTACT: Robert MacDonald
TEL:+1 6508124000
info@solfocus.com
www.solfocus.com
Supplies solar energy solutions for a variety
of power plant applications.
SOL INC
3210 SW 42nd Ave, Palm City, FL34990
CONTACT: Audwin Cash
TEL:+1 5612122280
FAX:+1 7722869616
info@solarlighting.com
www.solarlighting.com
Offers commercial-grade outdoor solar
LED lighting systems for parking lots,
pathways, parks, trails, roadways, boat
launches, campus areas, perimeter
security, signs, billboards, transit, shelters,
evacuation-collection areas and other remote
applications.
SOLMETRIC CORP
117 Morris St, Suite 100, Sebastopol,
CA95472
TEL:+1 7078234600 x204
FAX:+1 7078234620
info@solmetric.com
www.solmetric.com
Provides measurement tools for solar energy
installers. Solutions include the SunEye 210
shade tool and the PV analyzer for measuring
I-V curves during verifcation.
SOLON
6950 S Country Club Rd, Tucson, AZ85756
TEL:+1 5208071300
solon.info@solon.com
www.solon.com
Provides utility-scale and commercial
photovoltaic systems. Delivers cost-
effective turnkey solutions to partners with
a streamlined approach from design and
construction to fnancing and operation.
SOLUTIONS IN SOLAR
ELECTRICITY
PO Box 5089, Culver City, CA90231
CONTACT: Joel Davidson
TEL:+1 3102027882
FAX:+1 3102021399
solar@solarsolar.com
www.solarsolar.com
Specialises in the feld of photovoltaics.
SOLVAIR SOLUTIONS/SOLVAY
CHEMICALS INC
3333 Richmond Ave, Houston, TX77098
CONTACT: Mike Wood
TEL:+1 7135256500
FAX:+1 7135256759
mike.wood@solvay.com
www.solvair.us
Offers products for effective emissions
control of air pollution from fue gas.
SOUND POWER INC
2819 280th Ave NE, Redmond, WA98053
CONTACT: David Trione
TEL:+1 4258804280
dtrione@seanet.com
www.soundpower.us
Designs and installs PV and wind systems.
SOUTHPORT EQUIPMENT
5704 Fairview Pl, Agoura Hills, CA91301
CONTACT: Tim Buttke
TEL:+1 8187061400
FAX:+1 8185938618
tbuttke@southportequipment.com
www.southportequipment.com
Manufacturers representatives specialising in
the power/process industries.
SOUTHPORT PARTNERSHIP
LLC
PO Box 1167, Southport, CT06890-2167
CONTACT: Norman Marsilius
TEL:+1 2032568849
Offers architectural design and consulting on
energy effciency and sustainable material
use.
SOUTHWEST RESEARCH
INSTITUTE
6220 Culebra Rd, PO Box 28510, San
Antonio, TX78228-0510
CONTACT: Mike Ladika
TEL:+1 2106845111
FAX:+1 2105223547
bd@swri.org
www.swri.org
Provides an independent applied engineering
and physical sciences research and
development organisation.
SPINCRAFT
(div of Standex Intl), 500 Iron Horse Park,
North Billerica, MA01862
CONTACT: Geri Hayes
TEL:+1 9786672771
FAX:+1 9786673899
ghayes@spincraft.net
www.spincraft.net
Provides integrated engineering solutions for
a range of industries.
SPIRE CORP
One Patriots Pk, Bedford, MA01730-2396
CONTACT: Peter DiSessa
TEL:+1 7812756000
FAX:+1 7812757470
pvsales@spirecorp.com
www.spirecorp.com
Provides simulators, stringers/tabbers,
laminators, EL test systems, back-end
solutions (framing, trimming, junction box),
and semi-automated to fully automated
turnkey PV module lines.
S-PRODUCTS INC
141 Kings Hwy E, Fairfield, CT06825
CONTACT: Randolph Bush
TEL:+1 2033319546
FAX:+1 2033352723
s-products@usa.net
www.s-products.com
STANLEY CONSULTANTS INC
5775 Wayzata Blvd, Suite 300, Minneapolis,
MN55416-1270
CONTACT: Craig Johnson
TEL:+1 9525463669
FAX:+1 9525464279
info@stanleygroup.com
www.stanleyconsultants.com
Offers a range of professional engineering
and environmental permitting services.
STELLAR SUN
2121 Watt St, Little Rock, AR72227-4000
CONTACT: William Ball
TEL:+1 5012250700
FAX:+1 5012252920
bill@stellarsun.com
www.stellarsun.com
Provides solar energy engineering, design,
equipment sales and service.
STI TECHNOLOGIES INC
1800 Brighton-Henrietta Town Line Rd,
Rochester, NY14623
CONTACT: Dennis Peel
TEL:+1 5854242010
FAX:+1 5852727201
info@sti-tech.com
www.sti-tech.com
Analyses and tests rotating mechanical
equipment.
STORK H&E TURBO BLADING
334 Comfort Rd, Ithaca, NY14850
CONTACT: Joe Walker
TEL:+1 6073517418
FAX:+1 6072771193
joe.walker@storkhe.com
www.he-machinery.com
Manufactures new high quality replacement
turbine blades and buckets.
STORK MATERIALS
TECHNOLOGY
662 Cromwell Ave, St Paul, MN55114
TEL:+1 6516453601
FAX:+1 6516597348
info.tct@us.stork.com
www.storksmt.com
Helps meet quality standards for materials
and products with accurate testing,
inspection and consulting. Experts help
protect products and business.
STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY
ASSOCIATES INC
5215 Hellyer Ave, San Jose, CA95138
CONTACT: Vicki Douglass
TEL:+1 8774747693
info@structint.com
www.structint.com
Consults on analysis, control, and prevention
of structural failures. Serves nuclear power,
fossil power, pipeline services and expert
testimony.
SULZER TURBO SERVICES
11518 Old La Porte Rd, La Porte, TX77571
TEL:+1 7135672700
FAX:+1 7135672830
sulzertshouston@sulzer.com
www.sulzerts.com
Provides full-service manufacturing,
engineering, repair, reconditioning, balancing,
and coating for turbomachinery including
steam and gas turbines, components,
centrifugal, axial and screw compressors,
expanders, and at-speed balancing.
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SUNDANCE SOLAR DESIGNS
Renewable Energy Systems Div, PO Box 750,
Olathe, CO81425
CONTACT: Kerry Kalarney
TEL:+1 8887863374
FAX:+1 8887863374
solar4u@starband.net
www.sundancesolardesigns.com
Provides solar photovoltaic, wind and
thermal system design consulting, sales and
installation.
SUN KING INC
PO Box 330879, Kahului, HI96733-0879
CONTACT: Paul Spencer
TEL:+1 8088719721
FAX:+1 8088779088
sunking@shaka.com
www.sunkinghawaii.com
Offers solar energy and water treatment.
SUNNYSIDE SOLAR INC
1014 Green River Rd, Guilford, VT05301
TEL:+1 8022544670
FAX:+1 8022544670
sunnysde@sover.net
www.sunnysidesolar.com
Offers consulting, engineering, design,
installation, service and now principally
education in photovoltaic technologies and
renewable energy.
SUNRISE ENGINEERING
25 E 500 N, Fillmore, UT84631
CONTACT: Nate Pilcher
TEL:+1 8015230100
FAX:+1 8015230990
npilcher@sunrise-eng.com
www.sunrise-eng.com
Studies, designs and manages civil, electrical
and other engineering projects.
SUNRNR OF VIRGINIA INC
PO Box 102, Port Republic, VA24471
CONTACT: Scott French
TEL:+1 5402713403
info@sunrnr.com
www.sunrnr.com
Manufactures portable renewable
energy generators including heavy duty
construction, 3500W of AC 110 Vt or 220 Vt
available, 2000 watthours of stored power
and one 135W solar panel included.
SUN SOLAR
771 Jamacha Rd, Suite 250, San Diego,
CA92019
CONTACT: Crystal Phelps
TEL:+1 8478100136
FAX:+1 8662085041
solar@gosunsolar.com
www.gosunsolar.com
Offers mobile, residential and commercial
solar applications: design, integration and
more.
SUPER RADIATOR COILS
104 Peavey Rd, Chaska, MN55318
CONTACT: Jim St Martin
TEL:+1 9525563330
FAX:+1 9525563331
mninfo@superradiatorcoils.com
www.superradiatorcoils.com
Provides heat exchanger coils for
cogeneration.
SYMBIONT
6737 W Washington St, Suite 3440, West
Allis, WI53214
CONTACT: Jeff Van Voorhis
TEL:+1 4142918840
FAX:+1 4142918841
www.symbiontonline.com
Provides turnkey systems for industrial
wastewater and facilities.
SYMCOM INC
222 Disk Dr, United States, Rapid City,
SD57701
TEL:+1 6053485580
FAX:+1 6053485685
customerservice@symcom.com
www.symcom.com
Provides electronic motor control and
protection under MotorSaver and
PumpSaver.
SYNERGY INTERNATIONAL INC
Renewable/Regenerative Systems Div, (sub
of Reinholdings Inc), 124 Washington Ave,
Suite B-2, Richmond, CA94801
TEL:+1 4152904990
FAX:+1 4158877591
synergyca@earthlink.net
www.synergyii.com
Designs and manufactures building-
integrated wind, solar and aeroponic
systems.
SYSTEM ONE
12 Federal St, Suite 205, Pittsburgh,
PA15212
CONTACT: Gary Valentine
TEL:+1 4129951900
FAX:+1 4129951901
inquiry@systemoneservices.com
www.systemoneservices.com
Offers renewables outsourcing and careers.
Has helped energy and power clients
engage skilled professionals and improve
productivity.
T
TANK CONNECTION AFFILIATE
GROUP
(div of Tank Connection), 3609 N 16th St, PO
Box 579, Parsons, KS67357
CONTACT: Bill Neighbors
TEL:+1 6204233010
FAX:+1 6204233999
sales@tankconnection.com
www.tankconnection.com
Offers bolted, feld-weld, shop-weld and
hybrid storage tanks for liquid and dry bulk
applications.
TATSOFT
908 Town & Country Blvd, Suite 120,
Houston, TX77024
TEL:+1 7139837516
FAX:+1 713984 7576
info@tatsoft.com
www.tatsoft.com
TECHNOLOGY TRANSITION
CORP
1211 Connecticut Ave NW, Suite 600,
Washington, DC20036
TEL:+1 2024570868
FAX:+1 2022235537
info@ttcorp.com
www.ttcorp.com
Provides advocacy and consulting services
to the renewable and clean energy industries.
TECHNOSPIN
601 W 26th St, Room 1260, New York,
NY10001-1129
TEL:+1 2127518336
FAX:+1 2126561444
info@tswind.com
www.tswind.com
Develops, manufactures and sells small wind
turbines which are not limited to the areas
with strong winds. Provides green energy
solutions for residential and commercial use,
water heating and telecommunications.
TECH PRODUCTS INC
105 Willow Ave, Staten Island, NY10305
CONTACT: Daniel OConnor
TEL:+1 7184424900
FAX:+1 7184422124
team@techproducts.com
www.techproducts.com
Makes signs and markers for the utility
industry.
TE CONNECTIVITY
MS 258-23, PO Box 3608, Harrisburg,
PA17105-3608
CONTACT: Teresa Wilson
TEL:+1 8005226752
tawilson@tycoelectronics.com
www.tycoelectronics.com/adm
Offers reliable UL- and TV-certifed, high-
quality products to support the photovoltaic
and solar thermal industry.
TELEFONIKA CABLE
AMERICAS
1160 Pierson Dr, Batavia, IL60510
CONTACT: Ron Luczak
TEL:+1 6304572035
FAX:+1 6304066574
ron@tfcable.com
www.tfcable.com
Manufactures electrical cable in rubber
construction types: SJOOW/SOOW, G, GGC,
SHD-GC, W, welding cable and more.
TERRACON
2855 Premier Pkwy, Suite C, Duluth,
GA30097
TEL:+1 7706230755
FAX:+1 7706239628
www.terracon.com
THERMAFIN MANUFACTURING
1057 N Ellis Rd, Unit #2, Jacksonville,
FL32254
CONTACT: Billy Byrom
TEL:+1 9047818305
FAX:+1 9047811911
billy@aetsolar.com
www.thermafin.com
Provides fn tubes for solar collectors.
Effcient heat conducting bond is produced
by high frequency welding of the fn tube.
Fin becomes one piece when the process is
complete. 30-year warranty.
THIRD SUN SOLAR AND WIND
POWER LTD
340 W State St, Unit 25, Athens, OH45701
CONTACT: Geoffrey Greenfield
TEL:+1 7405973111
FAX:+1 7405971548
info@third-sun.com
www.third-sun.com
Provides full-service solar power design,
sales and installation contractor, serving
commercial, institutional and residential
markets.
3TIER INC
2001 6th Ave, Suite 2100, Seattle, WA98121
CONTACT: Todd Stone
TEL:+1 2063251573
FAX:+1 2063251618
info@3tier.com
www.3tier.com
Offers resource assessment and forecasting
based on state-of-the-art weather science
to help the global energy market manage
renewable energy risk anywhere on earth,
across all time horizons.
TIC - THE INDUSTRIAL CO
2211 Elk River Rd, Steamboat Springs,
CO80487
CONTACT: Melinda Reed Weber
TEL:+1 9708792561
reedweber@ticus.com
www.tic-inc.com
Provides capabilities to execute major
industrial projects in a diversifed
marketplace.
TIER ELECTRONICS
N94 W14588 Garwin Mace Dr, Menomonee
Falls, WI53051
TEL:+1 2622516900
FAX:+1 2622501999
sales@tellc.com
www.tierelectronics.com
Provides semicustomized state-of-the-art
power conversion designs for OEMs.
TIMBER WOLF LLC
PO Box 470065, Charlotte, NC28247
CONTACT: Ken Nahas
TEL:+1 7044427440
FAX:+1 7043641400
timberwolfprod@earthlink.net
www.timberwolfhandcleaner.com
Manufactures and distributes a
multifunctional waterless hand cleaner that
cleans and moisturizes the skin, repels
mosquitoes, and prevents and relieves
symptoms of poison ivy, oak, and sumac.
TRELLEBORG OFFSHORE
(div of Trelleborg AB), 519 N Sam Houston
Pkwy E, Suite 200, Houston, TX77060
TEL:+1 8324568300
FAX:+1 2819993451
offshore@trelleborg.com
www.trelleborg.com/offshore
A global industrial group whose leading
positions are based on advanced polymer
technology and applications know-how.
Develops high-performance solutions
that damp, seal and protect in demanding
environments.
TRIBCO INC
18901 Cranwood Pkwy, Cleveland,
OH44128
CONTACT: Nick Bade
TEL:+1 2164862000
FAX:+1 2164862099
nb@tribco.com
www.tribco.com
Makes turbine brake pads that last 3 to 5
times longer than conventional brake pads,
are nonabrasive and eliminate dust problems
because they are lined with Braketex, 100%
Kevlar lining.
TRINA SOLAR US INC
100 Century Center, Suite 340, San Jose,
CA95112
CONTACT: Victoria Vestal
TEL:+1 8006967114
FAX:+1 8006960166
usa@trinasolar.com
www.trinasolar.com
Manufactures solar panels. Fully vertically
integrated from ingots to modules in both
mono and multicrystalline technologies. Has
shipped more than 1 GW of solar panels
worldwide.
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A-Z LISTING
TROJAN BATTERY CO
12380 Clark St, Santa Fe Spring, CA90670
CONTACT: Lore McKenna
TEL:+1 5622363000
FAX:+1 5622363273
re@trojanbattery.com
www.trojanbattery.com
Manufactures deep-cycle batteries, offering
a complete portfolio of technologically-
advanced deep-cycle fooded, AGM and gel
batteries that provide maximum long-lasting
performance to meet the requirements of
advancing renewable energy systems.
TUNGSTONE POWER INC
623 Main St, Woburn, MA01801
CONTACT: Richard Jacobs
TEL:+1 7819370011
FAX:+1 7819373499
www.tungstonepower.com
Supplies batteries, battery chargers and
inverters.
TURBOCARE
2140 Westover Rd, Chicopee, MA01022
TEL:+1 4135930500
FAX:+1 4135933424
sales@turbocare.com
www.turbocare.com
Offers aftermarket service and repair
solutions for rotating equipment.
TWO-PHASE ENGINEERING &
RESEARCH
Geothermal, 3209 Franz Valley Rd, Santa
Rosa, CA95404
CONTACT: Doug Jung
TEL:+1 7075234585
FAX:+1 7075282071
two-phase@juno.com
www.two-phase.com
Specialises in geothermal technical
production, facility design and enhancement.
TWR LIGHTING INC
4300 Windfern Rd, #100, Houston, TX77041
TEL:+1 7139736905
FAX:+1 7139739372
sales@twrlighting.com
www.twrlighting.com
Introduces the new L450 FAA LED all in one
solution. A built in power module, controller
and synchroniser make these lights simple
to install and enable them to operate
reliably under the harshest conditions
while minimising capital costs and cost of
ownership.
U
UL
333 Pfingsten Rd, Northbrook, IL60062
CONTACT: Matthew Sallee
TEL:+1 8472728800
lumen.insights@us.ul.com
www.ul.com/lighting
Provides wind turbine certifcation services.
UNITED TRANSMISSION
EXCHANGE
24147 E 6th St, San Bernardino, CA92410
CONTACT: Bill Schmits
TEL:+1 9093848140
FAX:+1 9093848145
sales@utxchange.com
www.unitedtransmissionexchange.com
Remanufactures Allison transmissions and
parts.
UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA
Dept of Mechanical and Aerospace
Engineering, PO Box 116300, Gainesville,
FL32611-6300
CONTACT: S. Sherif
TEL:+1 3523927821
FAX:+1 3523921071
sasherif@ufl.edu
www.mae.ufl.edu/facultylist
Offers education.
UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO
School of Architecture & Planning, MSC
0425, 2401 Central Ave, NE, Albuquerque,
NM87131
CONTACT: Paul Lusk
TEL:+1 5058773107
FAX:+1 5052770076
plusk@unm.edu
www.unm.edu
Provides architectural faculty and a design
studio.
US BATTERY
1675 Sampson Ave, Corona, CA92879
TEL:+1 9513718090
FAX:+1 9513714671
www.usbattery.com
Manufactures deep cycle batteries
specifcally for solar power, renewable
energy, golf car batteries, marine, wind
power, energy storage, sweeper batteries,
scrubber batteries, automotive, and more.
US DIGITAL
1400 NE 136th Ave, Vancouver, WA98684
CONTACT: Mohit Abraham
TEL:+1 3602602468
FAX:+1 3602602469
sales@usdigital.com
www.usdigital.com
Manufactures position sensors for CSP and
CPV solar tracking. Offers a line of motion
control products, specialising in competitive
pricing, quick delivery and customer service.
US ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION AGENCY - US
EPA
Chief Financial Office, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave
NW, Ariel Rios Bldg, Washington, DC20460
TEL:+1 2025641601
FAX:+1 2025641842
www.epa.gov
Researches and sets national standards for a
variety of environmental programs.
US RENEWABLE ENERGY
ASSOCIATION
6697 Lakeshore Rd, PO Box 0550,
Lexington, MI48450
TEL:+1 8103592250
sales@usrea.org
www.usrea.org
Is a volunteer renewable energy advocacy
organisation made up of members from
across the USA. Relies on input, news and
perspective from members and partner
companies to help spread the word about
technologies that are revolutionary, and have
the potential to change the future of power.
V
VALDES ENGINEERING CO
100 W 22nd St, Suite 185, Lombard,
IL60148
CONTACT: Thomas Zimmermann
TEL:+1 6307921886
FAX:+1 6307921986
tzimmermann@valdeseng.com
www.valdeseng.com
Provides feasibility studies, detailed
engineering, project management,
scheduling, cost control and cost estimating.
VALENTIN SOFTWARE INC
701 Palomar Airport Rd, Suite 300, Carlsbad,
CA92011
TEL:+1 7069315680
FAX:+1 8587775526
info@valentin-software.com
www.valentin-software.com
Develops solar PV and thermal design,
simulation, and sells software since 1989.
VAWT MANUFACTURING INC
411 McKinney Pkwy, McKinney, TX75071
CONTACT: Ken Smith
TEL:+1 2145449503
FAX:+1 2145449419
ksmith@vawt.com
www.vawt.com
Provides mechanical and electrical
manufacturing and assembly services for
renewable energy devices in the wind, solar,
and biomass arenas.
VECTOR SYSTEMS INC
411 McKinney Pkwy, McKinney, TX75071
CONTACT: Ken Smith
TEL:+1 2145449500
FAX:+1 2145449532
info@vectorsystems-usa.com
www.vectorsystems-usa.com
Specialises in skidded systems and process
controls for the renewable energy industry.
VERDANT POWER INC
The Octagon, 888 Main St, New York,
NY10044
CONTACT: Trey Taylor
TEL:+1 2128888887
FAX:+1 2128888897
ttaylor@verdantpower.com
www.verdantpower.com
Offers kinetic hydropower (damless)
systems applicable to oceans, tides, rivers,
and canals. Both a technology provider
and project developer, including resource
assessments, site analysis, and feasibility
studies.
VESTAS
(sub of American Wind Technology Inc),
1881 SW Naito Pkwy, Suite 100, Portland,
OR97201
TEL:+1 5033272000
FAX:+1 5033272001
vestas-americas@vestas.com
www.vestas.com
Develops, manufactures, sells and maintains
systems that use wind energy to generate
electricity.
VITAL TECHNOLOGIES INC
1400 Hotel Rd, Auburn, ME04210
CONTACT: Bede Wellford
TEL:+1 2075133397
FAX:+1 2073333845
bwellford@vital-air.com
www.vital-air.com
Manufactures energy-effcient
dehumidifcation solutions with heat recovery.
Distributes and supports Viessmann wood
pellet and chip boiler systems in New
England. Distributes AET solar thermal
components in Maine and New Hampshire.
VOONER FLOGARD CORP
4729 Stockholm Ct, Charlotte, NC28273
CONTACT: Jason Devinney
TEL:+1 7045529314
FAX:+1 7045548230
info@vooner.com
www.vooner.com
Offers liquid ring vacuum pumps for
condenser gas extraction, FGD gypsum
dewatering flters, stainless-steel for
conveying and geothermal condenser
vacuum exhausters. Complete system
packages are available.
VQ WIND
Small Wind/Alternative Energy Solutions Div,
4417 Headen Ave, Santa Clara, CA95054
CONTACT: Malcolm Davies
TEL:+1 4152991924
FAX:+1 4155321681
mdavies@vqwind.com
www.vqwind.com
Sells, installs and services VAWT small wind
turbines (112 kW).
W
WANZEK CONSTRUCTION INC
16553 37R St SE, Fargo, ND58103
CONTACT: Jason Kaufman
TEL:+1 7012826171
FAX:+1 7012826166
www.wanzek.com
Offers wind energy construction services.
WARREN & BAERG
MANUFACTURING INC
39950 Rd 108, Dinuba, CA93618
CONTACT: Randy Baerg
TEL:+1 5595916790
FAX:+1 5595915728
info@warrenbaerg.com
www.warrenbaerg.com
Manufactures densifcation equipment that
converts waste into cubed energy such as
paper, cardboard, plastic, sludge, wood,
and biomass materials. Also manufactures
horizontal biomass grinding systems and
conveying systems.
WAVEBERG DEVELOPMENT
LTD
73 W 47th St, Suite 3, New York City,
NY10036
CONTACT: Paul Wegener
TEL:+1 2128821788
FAX:+1 2123546412
pwegener@waveberg.com
www.waveberg.com
Develops wave energy devices.
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A-Z LISTING
WEIMA AMERICA INC
3678 Centre Cir, Ft Mill, SC29715
CONTACT: Madison Burt
TEL:+1 8038027170
FAX:+1 8038027098
info@weimaamerica.com
www.weimaamerica.com
Manufactures shredding, grinding and
briquetting equipment for the production of
refuse-derived fuel.
WEIR AMERICAN HYDRO
CORP
135 Stonewood Rd, PO Box 3628, York,
PA17402
CONTACT: Douglas Miller
TEL:+1 7177555300
FAX:+1 7177555522
doug.miller@weirgroup.com
www.weirgroup.com
Manufactures hydro turbines and related
equipment.
WESTINGHOUSE SOLAR
16005 Los Gatos Blvd, Los Gatos, CA95032
TEL:+1 8883952248
sales@westinghousesolar.com
www.westinghousesolar.com
Offers systems which are safer, powerful and
reliable, backed by proven quality. Stands
for reliability and innovation for more than
a century.
WEST SALEM MACHINERY CO
665 Murlark Ave NW, PO Box 5288, Salem,
OR97304
CONTACT: Mark Lyman
TEL:+1 5033642213
FAX:+1 5033641398
info@westsalem.com
www.westsalem.com
Offers fber preparation and processing
machinery and complete systems including
feeders, pre- and post-screeners, grinders,
shredders, hammermills. Experts with over
60 years experience of manufacturing with
customised installations worldwide.
WINDGUARD NORTH AMERICA
INC
(sub of Deutsche WindGuard GmbH), 7670
Northern Oaks Ct, Springfield, VA22153
m.schmidt-bremer@windguard.de
www.windguard.de/english
Has over 25 years of experience in all
areas of on- and offshore wind energy
utilization including site assessment, due
diligence, technical inspection/management,
measurement of wind turbines, and
anemometer calibrations.
WINDLAND INC
7669 W Riverside Dr, Suite 102, Boise,
ID83714
CONTACT: Bjorn Doskeland
TEL:+1 2083777777
FAX:+1 2083752894
wind@windland.com
www.windland.com
Develops wind farms in the western US.
WINDLOGICS INC
1021 Bandana Blvd E, Suite 111, St Paul,
MN55108
CONTACT: Grant Brohm
TEL:+1 6515564200
FAX:+1 6515564210
info@windlogics.com
www.windlogics.com
Combines deep operating expertise with
leading scientifc analysis to help meet the
most demanding requirements for renewable
project planning, development and operation.
WINDURANCE
1300 Commerce Dr, Coraopolis,
PA15108-4747
TEL:+1 4124248900
FAX:+1 4124248919
meisenman@windurance.com
www.windurance.com
Designs, delivers and support customized AC
or DC servo pitch systems to manufacturers
of both multi-megawatt and sub-megawatt
land and offshore turbines.
WSB - HAWAII
46-040 Konane Pl #3816, Kaneohe, HI96744
TEL:+1 8082477753
wsb@lava.net
Offers renewable energy advocacy, policy
advancement, project permitting and
development.
Y
YANMAR AMERICA
101 International Pkwy, Adairsville, GA30103
TEL:+1 7708779894
www.yanmar.com
Designs and manufactures advanced
performance diesel engines and diesel-
powered equipment for a multitude of market
segments.
YOKOGAWA CORP OF
AMERICA
2 Dart Rd, Newnan, GA30265
CONTACT: Allan Rainwater
TEL:+1 7702540400
FAX:+1 7702541337
info@us.yokogawa.com
www.yokogawa.com/us
Provides analyzers, fowmeters, transmitters,
controllers, recorders, data acquisition
products, meters, instruments, distributed
control systems, and more.
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________________________
Ten tips for retaining
the neXt generation
PowerGen International
Show Grid
For t he i ndus t r y s c ar eer - mi nded pr of e s s i onal s WINTER 2011
A s uppl ement t o PennWel l publ i c at i ons | www. PennEner g yJ OBS. c om
POWERING AMERICA:
The Critical Need
for Transmission
Investment to
Spur Growth
Primer on Global
Natural Gas Pricing
Energy to Succeed
Breaking up is
hard to do but
will be beautiful
to job seekers!
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______________________
2 EDITORS LETTER
Recognizing the need for change
Dorothy Davis, PennWell
4 ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE
Powering America: The Critical Need for
Transmission Investment to Spur Growth
PennEnergy.com
6 NATURAL GAS
Primer on Global Natural Gas Pricing
Vivek Chandra
11 HR INSIGHTS
Ten tips for retaining the neXt generation
Justin G. Roy, SullivanKreiss
13 ENERGY INSIGHTS
Breaking up is hard to do but will
be beautiful to job seekers!
Volker Rathmann, President of Collarini Energy Staffng Inc.
14 TRAINING INSIGHTS
Energy to Succeed: The path to energy training is
out there for those ready to take the frst step
Hilton Price, PennWell
16 POWERGEN INTERNATIONAL SHOW GRID
w w w . P e n n E n e r g y J O B S . c o m
WINTER 2011
A PENNWELL PUBLI CATI ON
Stacey Schmidt, Publisher
staceys@pennwell.com
Dorothy Davis, Senior Editor
dorothyd@pennwell.com
Hilton Price, Editor
hiltonp@pennwell.com
Meg Fuschetti, Art Director
megf@pennwell.com
Daniel Greene, Production Manager
danielg@Pennwell.com
Tommie Grigg,
Audience Development Manager
tommieg@pennwell.com
PennWell Corporation
1421 South Sheridan Road
Tulsa, Oklahoma 74112
918 835 3161
PennWell.com
Recruitment Advertising Sales:
Brent Eklund
Petroleum Account Executive
720.535.1264
beklund@pennwell.com
Adv er t i s er s
I ndex Arizona Public Service Company .......................................................................... 5
BP ........................................................................................................................ 7
CH2M Hill ........................................................................................................... 12
Chevron ............................................................................................................ 1, 3
Invensys Process Systems ................................................................................. 13
Nor Cal Controls ................................................................................................... 9
PennEnergy Career Fair ..................................................................................... C4
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EnergyWorkforce
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FOR JOB OPPORTUNITIES, VISIT www.PennEnergyJOBS.com
|
Winter 2011 2
Edi t or s
Let t er
S
INCE the only constant is change, it is important for the energy industry to remain
fexible and ahead of the curve to ensure long term success. And as changes occur,
it is also imperative that our industry makes a strong commitment toward improving our
infrastructure. Learn how investment in U.S. Transmission & Distribution will not only
strengthen reliability, but also help to create jobs and grow our domestic economy on page 4.
One of the more recent changes in energy is the rapid growth of natural gas. A
combination of soaring U.S. natural gas resources and stricter new emissions regulations
are putting natural gas back in the spotlight. Understand how this resource is priced and
impacts the global market on page 6.
While those already working within
the energy industry are contemplating the
question of what changes come next, there
also remains the question of who comes
next. Preparing the next generation of energy
professionals will require a balance of time-
tested techniques and a push toward new
innovation. Find out what resources are
available to gain the knowledge base necessary
to thrive in the energy sector on page 14.
The resources are available to train the next generation of energy professionals, but
how do we recruit and retain them? While the recent economic downturn has presented
employment challenges, the need for new talent is still an urgent one. This is more apparent
than ever within energy sectors, where the gap between those entering the industry and
seasoned professionals is becoming wider by the year. Gain valuable insights into some of
the simpler methods for helping the next generations thrive in the workplace on page 11.
Recognizing the need for change is a strength. A good example of this is the pipeline
industry. Sometimes a split in focus and assets is not only benefcial to the corporate bottom
line, but to job seekers as well. Find out how recent changes in this sector may offer long
term benefts for the career-minded on page 13.
The best aspect of change is perhaps the prospect for opportunity. No matter what side
of the industry you are on, PennEnergys Energy Workforce magazine is your resource to
maximize your every potential.
Carpe diem!
Dorothy Davis
Recognizing the
need for change
It is important for the
energy industr y to remain
fexible and ahead of the curve
to ensure long term success
Do you have a
career development
story to share?
Send me an e-mail at
dorothyd@pennwell.com.
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4 Winter 2011
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EnergyWorkforce
E
CONOMIC investment has been
a common theme in Washing-
ton, D.C., over the past few
years as the country struggles to re-
cover from the blow it took in the re-
cent fnancial downturn. Politicians
are pushing for expanded research and
development, while physical capital
investments have largely centered on
base infrastructure such as bridges and
outdated rail systems. But surprisingly
little attention has been paid, at times,
to the critical issue of electricity trans-
mission and distribution.
The Department of Energy (DOE)
reports that the U.S. electricity grid
spans more than 300,000 miles of trans-
mission lines connecting more than 1
terawatt-worth of generation capacity
to hundreds of millions of homes and
businesses. While the DOE suggests
the system is still 99.97 percent reliable,
outages still cost more than $150 billion
a year and appear to be steadily impact-
ing more and more people.
With electricity demand outpacing
investments in transmission capac-
ity by nearly 25 percent a year for the
past three decades and peak demand
expected to increase another 20 per-
cent in the next 10 years, the problem
only stands to worsen. It is time to stop
taking our energy infrastructure for
granted.
Energizing Employment
While our transmission and distribution
systems serve to bring us the power we
have come to rely on for almost every
aspect of our daily lives, it is also a sig-
nifcant source of employment. Electri-
cal grid workers are no small part of the
U.S. economy. The Bureau of Labor
Statistics (BLS) reports that occupations
related to electric power generation,
transmission and distribution accounted
for over 300,000 jobs nationwide with a
mean annual salary of over $65,000.
The Working Group for Investment
in Reliable and Economic Electric Sys-
tems (WIRES) suggests that the country
could see a major surge in employment
with only a relatively modest investment
in our electric infrastructure system.
WIRES projects that barring regulatory
and permitting issues, the transmission
sector is likely to spend between $12-16
billion per year on upgraded transmis-
sion. This level of investment would lead
directly to between 51,000 and 68,000
full-time jobs annually, with anywhere
from 150,000 to 200,000 total full-time
jobs produced a year as a result. The total
economic return on these investments is
estimated at around 250 percent.
In large part this is because transmis-
sion, unlike many sectors, is an eminently
local industry. The group estimates do-
mestic costs at roughly 82 percent of the
Powering America
The critical need for transmission
investment to spur growth
total, with construction, design, permit-
ting and most other facets entirely con-
tained within the U.S. Even materials,
which account for 45 percent of total costs
are still estimated at 61 percent domestic.
This kind of investment could prove
particularly important for the struggling
construction sector, which the BLS re-
ports saw an unemployment rate of 14.2
percent in October 2011. The broad instal-
lation category saw a far lower rate of 7.2
percent, which still leaves 388,000 people
in that sector out of work, though this also
includes workers from multiple industries.
Vital to Green Energy
While traditional power sources face
many of the strains imposed by an outdat-
ed grid, the current limitations of the U.S.
transmission system pose an even greater
problem for renewable power. Renew-
able energy sources like solar and wind
power must contend with intermittency,
generating electricity in inconsistent and
often unpredictable patterns. With lim-
ited transmission capacity, these power
sources can overload the grid at times of
unusually high production.
Yet WIRES notes that current stan-
dards on how much power must come
from renewable sources already require
doubling the amount of renewable gen-
eration by the end of this decade. Under
a stricter 20 percent national standard,
Energy
INFRASTRUCTURE
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APS is hiring
ARIZONA AND NEW MEXICO
APS is the largest electric utility in the state of Arizona
and serves over one million customers. The Company
was established in 1886 and employs more than 6000
people. At APS youll nd we ofer career opportunities
in a variety of elds with competitive compensation and
benets. Youll also experience a challenging and creative
work environment, along with opportunities for career
development with a company that believes in doing
business the right way.
We have opportunities in Fossil, Engineering,
Environmental, Renewables, Nuclear, Energy Delivery,
Regulatory, Supply Chain Management and Planners
throughout the state of Arizona and the Four Corners
Region of New Mexico.
Visit us at Booth #1760
and register to win Kindles
or visit our website at aps.jobs
for additional information
about APS.
EnergyWorkforce
|
|
Winter 2011 5
this growth would be more than 350
percent by 2020 and 450 percent by
2025. Under the more modest current
standards the U.S. would still need near-
ly $60 billion in transmission upgrades
by 2025 just to accommodate growing
renewables. At the stricter standard, that
number would be more than $100 bil-
lion. Either way a signifcant investment
in our energy infrastructure is going to
be required to sustain reliability.
Facing the Issues
WIRES suggests that transmission com-
panies are likely to spend billions on
expanding and developing the grid in
coming years, which might lead some be-
lieve the issue is well in hand. But these
investments are only likely to come with
the resolution of some serious issues in the
development process. Because transmis-
sion lines cross numerous political bound-
aries and are often seen as unsightly, these
projects can become major targets of pro-
test, extending the approval process and
dramatically raising costs. Many compa-
nies also have no realistic ways to recoup
the costs of building further transmission
lines, as the systems in place are designed
at the state or lower levels with monolithic
utilities in mind.
The Federal Energy Regulatory Com-
mission attempted to address some of the
prevailing concerns with an approval pro-
cess over the summer, introducing Order
No. 1,000 in June. The regulatory agency
imposed new rules requiring a greater de-
gree of regional collaboration on transmis-
sion development, though also required
the costs of these projects be targeted
specifcally at those who directly beneft
from them and that utilities consider non-
transmission alternatives frst. However,
one crucial development for easing the
approval process was ending the practice
of granting local utilities the frst right of
refusal on transmission projects.
In addition to these more recent chang-
es, the American Recovery and Reinvest-
ment Act of 2009 (ARRA) set aside more
than $1.9 billion for distribution and reli-
ability improvements to the grid, but many
of the procedural concerns loom larger in
the industrys eyes than the outright costs.
Nevertheless, a paper produced by
the Federal Reserve Bank of San Fran-
cisco found the infrastructure invest-
ment of the ARRA resulted in substan-
tial job gains in the years since, making
addressing the lingering issues in the
electrical distribution system an impor-
tant point for encouraging economic
and job growth in the country.
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6 Winter 2011
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EnergyWorkforce
NATURAL Gas
T
HE basis on which natural gas is
sold and priced varies dramati-
cally between global markets.
As natural gas becomes an increas-
ingly important source of energy, un-
derstanding of gas pricing concepts is
crucial for energy producers, consum-
ers, and regulators.
Though natural gas and oil share
many characteristics (both are hydro-
carbons, both are found and produced
using similar methods and equipment,
and both are often produced simulta-
neously) they contrast in the way they
are sold and priced.
Oil is sold by volume or weight, typi-
cally barrels or tons. By contrast, natural
gas is sold by unit of energy. Common
energy units include British Thermal
Units (Btu), Therms, and Joules (J). Nat-
ural gas, when produced
from the reservoir, con-
tains majority methane plus various oth-
er hydrocarbons and, undesirably, some
impurities. Natural gas liquids (NGLs),
a term that includes ethane, propane,
butane, and condensates, are composed
of longer chains of carbon molecules
than methane, and thus, per unit vol-
ume, they burn hotter than methane.
Because they burn hotter, NGLs have
a higher energy content than methane
and even small quantities of NGLs in a
natural gas fow can have a large impact
on the overall energy contained in the
natural gas. By contrast, impurities such
as carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide
and nitrogen are largely non-combusti-
ble. The presence of these compounds
has the overall effect of reducing the en-
ergy content of the natural gas fow.
If suffcient quantities of NGLs exist
in the natural gas, it is often more eco-
nomic for the feld operator to remove
the NGLs from the natural gas fow for
direct sale. NGLs are desired by global
markets to produce various petrochemi-
cal products, to be blended with crude
oil to make more valuable products, and
can also be combusted directly. Read-
ers would be familiar with using Lique-
fed Petroleum Gas (LPGs), which is a
subsector of NGL containing propane
and butane, for domestic cooking gas
as well as transport fuel in many coun-
tries. NGLs prices tend to track crude
oil prices and thus are much more
valuable sold separately than sold with
the majority methane natural gas fow.
Removing NGLs requires relatively so-
phisticated gas processing units which
may not be economic to construct if
the particular natural gas fow does
not contain suffcient quantities of the
more valuable NGLs. Since NGLs are
easier to transport than methane (which
requires either a pipeline, or expensive
Primer on Global
Natural Gas Pricing
By Vivek Chandra
t
Though natural ggas
and oil share maannyy
characteristics, they
contrast in the way they
are sold and priced.
VIVEK K CHA C NDR NDRAA iiss an an iint nter erna na ati ti tion on nn on on onnal al al al al al a ooooooiil il il iil aand nd nd nddddddd nd gggggggas as aas as pppppppro ro rrrofe fe f ssio oooona nnnnn l wi w th h
over 20 years extens nsiv ivee ex expe peri rien ence innnnn US US US S,,, Al Al Al Al Alas as as s as as as ska ka ka kkkkkka kk ,,, SE SE SE SS Asi si sia, , a, a, , MMMMMMMid d id id iddl dl dl dl dleeeee EEEa Ea E sst,
and Australia. He is currently worki king ng iinn Au Aust stra rali liaa fo fo fo fo fo forrrr aaaaa mi mmi mi mmmm d- dd- d-si si si ssi s ze zeee zeee zeedddddddd AAAAAAu AAAAu t st stra ali li li iiaaaaan a oill il ill aaaaaaand nd
ggas company. He previously served d aass th thee Ch Chie ieff St S ra rate tegy gg OOff ff fffccceeerr ffor o Dubai aii ai a EEEEEEEnne ne erg rg rg rg rgy, a
ggo g vernment-owned energgyy investment compa p ny nyyy.. Pr PPrio ioooorrr to to o to o DDDDDub ub ub ub ubai ai ai ai EEEEEne ne ne ne eerg rg rg rg rg rg rggyy, yyyy hhhhhhe hha ha h ss wo wo oooorked in
commercial, technical, and strategic rolles es s es wwwwit it ithhhh AR AR AR AR R AR ARCO CO CO CO CO CO COO CO IIInter erna naaaati ti ti i t on oon on on o al al al al aaaand nd nd wwwit it ithh Sc Sc Schl h umberger.
In 2006, Vivek Chandra authored a best st-s -sel elli ling ng ng bbboo ookkkkkkk eenn enti ti ti tti ti ttitl tl tl l tl l tl tl d ed ed ed ed ed ed ed ed Fu FFu FFFund nd ndam am amen enta tals of Natural
Gas which was published by Pennwell. He al lsoo mmai ai aint nt ntai ai ai a nnns a natural gas information website
(www.natgas.info) and runs industry training courses on natural gas that have been held
over 14 times in 9 countries over the past few years. Vivek is also the creator of GasUnits,
an iPhone App that converts natural gas units. Vivek has degrees from Colorado School of
Mines, University of Pennsylvania and the Institut Francais du Petrole IFP in France.
Vivek can be contacted by email (vchand a@natgas.info). Vivek can be contacted by email (vchandra@natgas.info).
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Are you up
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bp.com/upstream/ewm
From Alaska to Australia, from offshore
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8 Winter 2011
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EnergyWorkforce
compression or liquefaction transforma-
tion), NGL prices are more infuenced
by global prices. If NGL relative vol-
umes are low, they are usually left in the
natural gas stream and sold at gas prices.
A large majority of crude oil is bought
and sold directly or indirectly through
highly liquid global markets. Quoted oil
prices usually refer to a specifc type of
crude oil (with unique characteristics) at
a specifc delivery location. For example,
in the United States, crude oil price usu-
ally refers West Texas Intermediate, a
specifc type of oil, sold at a defned lo-
cation in Oklahoma. Any oil traded in
the United States would benchmarked
against this value, and be sold at a premi-
um or discount to this benchmark price.
In contrast, because natural gas is
diffcult to transport, natural gas pric-
es tend to be set locally or regionally.
The large majority (over 90%) of traded
natural gas is transported by pipeline.
A pipeline may connect a single pro-
ducer with a single buyer of gas such
as a case of a gas feld supplying to a
dedicated power plant or may con-
sist of a sophisticated grid connecting
thousands of individual gas producers
and thousands (or even in the case of
a urban grid - millions of gas consum-
ers). Natural gas prices in the frst case,
involving a single producer and single
buyer, would be negotiated between
the parties. The seller would require a
price that covers his capital and operat-
ing costs, as well as compensate him for
the risks that he took to discover the gas
feld, plus a suffcient proft to please
his shareholders. The buyer (electricity
generator) would agree to pay a price
that allows him to earn a suffcient
margin (ie: differential between the
price he receives for the generate elec-
tricity and the total costs of generation,
including capital and operating costs,
plus his gas fuel costs) that give him a
suffcient proft to please his sharehold-
ers. The price of other fuels, such as
diesel or coal, would also factor into his
decision to buy gas from the producer
however, if the electricity generator
does not have the ability to substitute
gas for these other fuels, the infuence
of diesel or coal prices may be limited.
In the second case, where there are
many buyers and sellers of gas, traded
prices are most infuenced by supply and
demand. If the weather is cold, and most
of the gas is used for space heating, gas
prices may rise in the winter months. If
most of the gas is used to generate power
mainly used for air conditioning, gas de-
mand would rise in the hotter summer
months. If gas is used, either directly or
indirectly, by industrial consumers, infu-
ence of weather would have a minimal
impact on gas demand. Disruptions in gas
supply (due to offshore hurricanes in the
US Gulf of Mexico, for instance) would
limit supplies and thus increase prices.
Most gas markets in the world are
between the two extremes as described
above. The graphic above divides the
world gas markets into four groupings;
GROUP 1:
Gas-on-gas pricing:
This group, which includes North Ameri-
ca and UK, are the most liberal and liquid
gas markets. The regions are character-
ised by large numbers of buyer and sellers
largely competing without governmental
intervention. There are well established
quoted benchmark prices in the United
States this is the Henry Hub price which
is a theoretical price of gas in Louisiana
and in the UK it the NBP price at a de-
fned point in the gas grid set by trans-
parent markets such as New York Mercan-
tile Exchange (NYMEX). Because gas
prices are set in relation to gas supply and
demand, this system is also referred to as
gas-on-gas markets.
Because North America, and to a
lesser extent, UK, have an extensive
pipeline and gas storage system, with
opportunities to both export and im-
port gas from outside the markets, gas
can be traded on both current and fu-
ture contracts. It is possible for a buyer
to buy a certain volume of gas, to be
delivered at a certain point on the gas
grid, at a date fve years the future, at a
NATURAL GAS continued
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Power Plant Controls, Engineering
and Training Services
Nor Cal Controls ES, Inc. is a
professional, customer-focused company
offering consulting, engineering and
training services to the power generation
industry. We offer Competitive Salary,
Medical, Dental, Life, Disability, Paid
Vacation, Paid Sick Leave, 401(k) & Profit
Sharing. To apply for these positions,
please visit our website at
http://norcalcontrols.net/ or email a
resume and salary requirements to
hr@norcalcontrols.net.
CONTROLS ENGINEER
I&C TECHNICIAN
EnergyWorkforce
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Winter 2011 9
known price today. This sophistication
allows the market to be very effcient
by maximizing usage of infrastructure
and allowing both buyers and sellers to
plan their fnancial future. Risks can
be managed but the gas price tends to
be volatile, continuously reacting to
supply and demand sentiments.
An added advantage of a highly liq-
uid system is the spread of infrastructure
over the entire country. A new gas feld
can be developed and marketed relative-
ly quickly, assuming that the pipeline
grid is within a short distance. No long
gas marketing efforts are required be-
cause the market sets the price, and all
new gas volumes can usually be absorbed
by the system without the requirements
to negotiate long-term purchase agree-
ments. In theory, no individual supplier
or buyer is able to control prices and the
presence of intermediary parties, such
as gas traders, usually results in more ef-
fcient markets and lower prices.
GROUP 2:
The second group of gas markets in-
cludes the situation in continental Eu-
rope, and to a lesser extent, in south-east
Asia. In these regions, there is a limited,
but growing, gas grid. There are some
gas storage facilities, and developing gas
market. However, most gas is priced in
relation to other fuels, usually crude oil
or oil products. Thus, gas prices would
be quoted by a formula which indexes
or is derived from oil prices. The net
effect is that gas is usually, though not
always, sold at a discount on an equiva-
lent energy basis to oil and oil products.
The reasons for this are largely histori-
cal gas production and consumption
began after oil markets were established
and by linking the markets, gas produc-
ers could convince producers to switch
between the fuels and also because oil
markets are global and transparent, gas
prices could be derived from traded oil-
price fnancial instruments. When oil
prices rise, oil-linked gas prices would
also rise, and vice-versa.
Gas producers in Norway, Algeria,
and especially, Russia, encouraged this
pricing scheme. They, and their govern-
ment treasuries, understood oil markets
and thus could use the same concepts to
negotiate gas sales contracts. During the
period when oil and gas prices in the US
largely tracked each other, on an energy
equivalent basis, this system suited both
buyers and sellers. However, once oil
prices began to rise in 2008, the spread
between oil and gas prices has wid-
ened dramatically. For example, when
oil prices are $120/bbl, the theoretical
energy equivalent gas price should be
approximately $20/MMbtu. Gas prices
have been a quarter of that level for
the past few years. This discrepancy is
encouraging buyers of oil-linked gas
contracts to question the value of link-
ing the price of the commodities. Dur-
ing the same period, Europe witnessed
the construction of many LNG import
facilities operated by aggressive trading
or utility companies motivated to source
cheaper (and at prices not linked to oil
prices) LNG volumes, displacing the
comparatively expensive pipeline gas for
the traditional suppliers (Norway, North
Africa,and Russia) who have been reluc-
tant to drop their oil price linkage.
As the number of buyers and sellers
of gas in these markets increase, the link
to oil prices will weaken and, in time,
this markets in this group will begin to
resemble the more liberal and open gas-
on-gas markets of Group 1.
GROUP 3:
This group is characterised by the tra-
ditional LNG markets of north Asia,
especially Japan. Japan has very limited
energy resources and does not have the
ability to import gas by pipeline. Almost
all of Japans gas is delivered to the is-
lands via LNG. The LNG was initially
sourced from Alaska and south-east Asia
but current suppliers also include the
Middle East and Australia.
Prior to the introduction of LNG,
Japanese power utilities relied on im-
ported crude oil and coal for their
power generation. Similar to the Euro-
pean experience, these risk-averse buy-
ers insisted on a guaranteed discount to
convince them to substitute liquid and
solid fuel for LNG sourced from poten-
tially instable and risky countries such
as Indonesia and Malaysia. The 1973 oil
shock convinced them to take a chance
on this new fuel, but only if the prices
are linked to oil and guaranteed a dis-
count at all oil prices. They also wanted
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a ceiling concept to be introduced to
that future oil shocks would not trans-
late into higher gas prices.
The solution was the innovative S
curve concept. In this system, a graph
with a horizontal axis showing the
weighted average of Japan crude oil im-
port price, known as the Japan Crude
Cocktail (JCC) price is plotted against
the LNG import gas price. The middle
section of the line is the range where
changes in the JCC have a direct impact
on LNG prices. The slope of this section
of the line determines the relationship
between the two prices. If the slope is
16.7%, LNG prices are equal, on an en-
ergy equivalent basis, to crude oil. Slopes
less than 16.7% imply that LNG is sold at
a discount to oil, and slopes greater than
16.7%, though rare, imply that LNG
will sell at a premium price to oil. In the
1970s to 2000 period, the slope was in
the 14% range, implying a large LNG
price discount. As the markets tightened
in the period between 2006 and 2008,
the slope increased to 16% and in some
cases, exceed the 16.7% threshold. The
slope for new LNG contracts signed in
2011 is in the 14.5% - 15% range.
Because the S curve equations uses
a weighted average price of oil (over pe-
riods of a month or more and over differ-
ent grades of oil), the equation helped to
protect Japan against sudden or regional
crude oil price shocks.
The lower slope sections below and
above the kink points in the line are
the S curve legs. If these sections are
horizontal, they would be foor and
ceiling prices where LNG prices are
fat and thus no longer linked to oil
prices. The foor prices protect the
LNG seller the seller is guaranteed
a certain minimum price irrespective
if the oil prices drop below the kink-
point. The ceiling price, on the other
hand, protects the LNG buyer, who is
guaranteed a maximum price for the
LNG, even if oil prices rise over the de-
fned kink-point. The S curve model
has been followed by most of the LNG
contracts to Japan, Korea and Taiwan.
This model allowed long-term contracts
and fnancing arrangements that facili-
tated multi-billion dollar investments in
LNG chain.
Emerging buyers of LNG, such as
China and India, are resisting the explic-
it link to oil prices as they see a future
period of high oil price and relatively low
gas prices thus they see no beneft in
linking the cheaper gas to more expen-
sive oil. LNG is used by gas combusting
power generators who do not have the
ability to burn oil as a substitute for gas
making the link harder to justify.
The Japanese market is characterized
by a handful of LNG buyers, each who
operate a local pipeline grid radiating
from their own LNG receiving termi-
nals. There is no real national pipeline
grid in Japan and it is relatively diffcult
to trade gas from one companys system
to another. The consequence of this is
that there is no national gas market and
high ineffciencies in the system. The
few gas trading companies are relegated
to trading LNG cargoes, not actual pipe-
line gas deliveries.
The situation in Korea and Taiwan
is even more dominated by the market
leaders. In both markets, one company
effectively controls the entire the pipe-
line grid and buys a majority of the
LNG cargoes imported by the country.
If the current dynamic of high oil
prices and low gas prices (in markets
such as the US) continue, LNG import-
ers in north Asia may demand a weak-
ening of the link to oil prices. However,
since the utilities are effectively all state
controlled and have the ability to pass
increased costs to their customers, it is
unlikely that this driver will result in a
rapid change in the status-quo.
GROUP 4:
Regulated markets dominate much of
the other regions of the world. In these
regions, the gas markets are relatively
immature and largely controlled by the
State. The gas prices may be nationally
set (by decree in many cases) and all
supply in entered into a gas pool. The
state manages the differences in sup-
ply prices, and may chose to sell gas at
prices less than the average pool price
for political reasons. There is no trans-
parency in prices, no markets, and very
little incentive unless they receive spe-
cial licence from the government for
private sector investment in supply or in-
frastructure. If the mandated gas prices
are artifcially low, such as in the Middle
East, ineffcient consumption of energy
often occurs.
In the future, natural gas pricing
around the world will continue to be
divergent and unlinked between mar-
kets. As the LNG industry grows and
links more and more markets, there
may be some convergence at the mar-
gins however, since a large majority of
gas will continue to be transported by
pipeline, the overall impact of this will
be limited.
NATURAL GAS continued
In the future,
natural gas pricing
around the world
will continue to be
divergent and unlinked
bet ween markets.
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Winter 2011 11
HR Insights
G
ENERATIONS X and Y will contin-
ue to challenge us as frm owners
and managers; they will test the
waters and will sometimes go overboard.
However, their style is here to stay, and
trying to ft them into the what-worked-
before model will only cause headaches.
Of course, we all know there are fewer
people in the next generations, making
it that much more important to focus on
recruiting and retaining them. How can
a frm overhaul its entire approach to em-
ployee recruiting and retention when half
their staff is still sold on and used to the
old way? Baby steps, thats how.
Here are some tips to implement into
your day-to-day retention strategy.
1. Encourage them to use online
social networks. Take the site-block off
of MySpace and Facebook and Linke-
dIn. These sites offer more than one
would think; besides a good way to blow
off steam during the day (we all need a
5-minute break), they offer much more.
As online social network-
ing grows, these sites be-
come much larger hubs of information,
which, when used correctly, can beneft
your frm. The sites allow people to keep
in touch and see what their friends and
connections are up to. Within a few min-
utes, you could know who is looking to
make a job change (great recruiting strat-
egy), who is relocating to your area, what
frms are hiring, etc.
2. Flex time. The option to come
in early and leave early or come in late
and leave later is very appealing to these
generations. Some are trying to balance
a social life, while others are trying to
balance their family life. Offering your
employees the beneft of arriving at work
an hour early or later gives them the
fexibility to schedule life issues such
as daycare, eldercare, or doctor appoint-
ments. With this fexibility also comes a
great beneft to the employer; it allows
the employee to be in the offce for a
full shift rather than having to take
extra time off for an appointment.
3. Flex offce. If I can get it done,
and get it done well, why does it mat-
Ten tips for retaining
the neXt generation
By Justin G. Roy, SullivanKreiss
JUSTIN G. ROY is the chief operating offcer of SullivanKreiss, a national
executive search frm that serves the engineering, environmental consulting
engineering, planning, architecture, and landscape architecture sectors. He is responsible for
th thee ma mana nage geme ment nt ooff re recr crui uiti ting ng o ope pera rati tion onss, aalo long ng wwit ithh cl clie ient nt aand nd ppro roje ject ct ddev evel elop opme ment nt. Ro Royy al also so
advises clients on recruitment strategy, compensation, relocation, outplacement, and other
human resources issues. He is also the cofounder of Networking for a Cause, a non-proft
organization dedicated to raising awareness for non-profts and like-minded people. Roy has
a BA in international business with a concentration in Spanish studies from Assumption
College in Worcester, Mass. He was the recipient of the 2004 Crown and Shield Award for his
civic and global service and leadership. civic and global service and leadership.
ter where I work? From working at a
coffee shop to working from home, the
technology age has allowed us to be
more mobile than ever. Put together a
laptop, cellular telephone, and an inter-
net connection, and you have an instant
offce. In fact, most people will never
know that you are not in the offce (with
calls forwarded to the cell phone).
4. Reward based on merit. More
and more people in the workforce do
not believe in the old equation of time
put in = promotion. They look at their
individual contribution to the com-
pany and to the team as a metric for
promotion and merit rewards.
5. Be a socially conscious organiza-
tion. Sustainability and green are the
hot words today. The younger genera-
tions are very interested in social and en-
vironmental happenings, both through
the media as well as through their em-
ployer. Communicate what your frm
does to better society and beneft the en-
vironment. If you come up empty-hand-
ed, ask your employees to come up with
a program. It can be as simple as volun-
teering at a reading program, spending
a day rebuilding or renovating a house
for somebody in your community, plan-
ning ways to make your offce green.
Get everybody involved, and you create
emotional equity, making it a bit more
diffcult for these folks to leave your frm.
6. Training. Offer opportunities for
your staff to further their knowledge, for
work-related functions as well as career-
focused training. People are always ex-
cited and interested in furthering their
knowledge and see it as a huge beneft
when a frm offers these courses. If you
cannot afford to hold them at your of-
fce, send candidates out to a training
program for a day or two out of the of-
fce; when they come back, ask them to
make a presentation to the rest of the
company about what they learned.
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Delivering bright futures
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12 Winter 2011
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7. Management style.Flat-line man-
agement is top choice lately, and for a lot
of good reasons. How many times have
you been on top ofor at the bottom
ofa delivered message, only to fnd out
the end person heard a very different
version? This is a good example of the
telephone game.
8. Spend time and mentor. Make sure
you spend time with every employee, on
a project, by the water cooler, or even
at a one-on-one lunch. These conversa-
tions will help others understand who
and what management is and will help
you create a bond with your employees.
The same adage goes with being a man-
ager as it does with networking: If you
do not know three things about the oth-
er person that are not work-related, then
you need to rethink your style.
9. iPod Friday. Quite a few frms have
been banning the use of iPods in the
offce, noting the loss of collaboration
opportunities between colleagues, loss
of communication, and missed mentor-
ing opportunities that could have been
seized by simply listening to more expe-
rienced staff in the offce. The younger
generations, however, justify the use of
iPods, saying they help concentration,
allow them to be more creative, and
help get the job done faster. Allow your
employees to bring in and wear their
iPods on Friday (or another day). Make
known the expectation that it should not
hinder their work or ability to get the job
done. Of course, guidelines will need to
be set, such as volume (so they can still
hear the telephone), but try to work with
rather than against them.
10. Gym membership. Offer discount-
ed or free membership to a local gym, or
build your own. While our belts seems to
be getting tighter by the day, this genera-
tion is growing up with the overhaul in the
fast food industry. Ask any of them who
Jared (Fogle) is; I bet you they will men-
tion Subway. Take a look at the McDon-
alds menu nowthey are offering fruit
and milk Obesity and healthy eating are
todays headlines. I have seen this beneft
sway a potential employee to signing the
papers with one company versus the other.
It is also no secret that healthy employees
tend to take less time off and have fewer
health problems. This beneft is one that
can add to your bottom line.
Are some of these ideas and tips ex-
tremely wild? Of course they are. But so
is the next generation. Being proactive
on retention today will yield a much
higher return than the frms who are re-
active tomorrow.
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EnergyWorkforce
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Winter 2011 13
ENERGY Insights
T
HE recent announcements of
energy companies to split down-
stream, midstream and upstream
businesses into two separate units should
have positive effects on job seekers in
the E&P market, and here is why:
Departures throughout the compa-
nies during the transition will occur;
it is reasonable to assume that some
employees will take this change as
an opportunity to make a change in
their own careers.
A number of positions may need to
be reflled after all is said and done:
Two organizations now have to com-
plete their rosters, and key person-
nel will have to stay on with either
of the companies. This will mostly
affect corporate oversight roles, HR,
IT, SCM, and similar, as technical
experts will probably make the move
with the assets.
While the organizations are recom-
pleted, it is very likely that changes
previously postponed and not actu-
ally related to the split
will be taken care of at
the same time as well. This could
affect all departments, commercial
and technical and create additional
hiring opportunities.
Once the reorganizations are com-
plete, it is easy to foresee a period of
asset re-evaluations, as the new com-
panies make sense of their balance
sheets and their competitive advan-
tages with the assets in their respec-
tive markets. Changes of this kind
will require business development
and transactional experience that
may or may not currently exist.
The period of asset re-evaluation will
result in newly required operational
expertise. This will cause healthy de-
mand within the next two years after
the reorganization.
Each of the above has an effect on
all those who support companies in
a major reorganization from the ser-
vice side. While certain aspects and
work processes will stay in-house, one
can naturally assume that some out-
side help in refocusing the organiza-
tions activities will be required.
In short, changes always create op-
portunities. Keep your eyes and ears
open to events in the marketplace and
read between the lines as press releas-
es are issued by the companies of your
interest.
Breaking up is hard to
do but will be beautiful
to job seekers!
By Volker Rathmann, President of Collarini Energy Staffng Inc.
VOLKER RATHMANN is the President of Collarini Energy Staffng Inc. He
joined the frm in 2001. Prior to joining CESI, he held the position of Chief
Financial Offcer for INTEC Engineering, a provider of specialized engineering services in
gglobal frontier and deep-water projects. Before INTEC Engineering, Volker held a number of
leading positions in operations, marketing, and fnance within the Daimler AG. Volker earned
a Bachelo s deg ee in business administ ation in Be lin, Ge many. a Bachelors degree in business administration in Berlin, Germany.
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14 Winter 2011
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EnergyWorkforce
TRAINING Insights
T
HE constant evolution and in-
novation of the energy industry
presents an ongoing challenge
for both new and experienced work-
ers. For graduating students entering
the industry, there is a need to supple-
ment education with specifc training,
to ensure they will have the necessary
skills as they begin their new careers.
For the existing workforce, the need to
stay up-to-date is constant, and work-
ers who dont stay current risk missed
advancement opportunities or even
replacement. Luckily, both groups are
being served by training and certifca-
tion courses available across the coun-
try, and abroad. Whether its long-form
basic training in a specifc energy seg-
ment, or short courses providing the
latest in industry advances, students of
all levels have many choices.
Choosing a Provider
The frst step in the path to continued
education or training is making choic-
es. Prospective students need to know
exactly what they hope to achieve.
Most facilities are clear about exactly
what their classes will offer. Compar-
ing whats available against a students
needs is crucial to making the best use
of ones time and training.
Determining Needs
Students in need of comprehensive
energy education are only one seg-
ment of the potential trainee pool.
A glance at Pennenergy.coms home
page shows how fast the industry
is evolving. That constant change
means nearly everyone in the industry
could beneft from supplemental edu-
cation. Thats available in a variety of
forms, from short training classes with
only a single session to lengthy cours-
es requiring a weekly commitment for
several months.
Energy to Succeed
The path to energy training is out there
for those ready to take the frst step
By Hilton Price
Training Opportunities for the Energy Industry
Power Generation University
Comprehensive continuing
education courses for power
generation professionals
http://www.powergenu.com/default.aspx
Everblue
Training institute focused on
solar and wind power.
http://www.everblue.edu/
Heatspring Learning Institute
Provides courses in solar
and geothermal energy
http://www.heatspring.com/
California Wind Tech
Provides entry-level wind training
http://www.californiawindtech.com/
Cleanedison
Offers training in solar and
other green energy sources
http://www.cleanedison.com/
B&W Babcock & Wilcox
Offers training seminars in
Biomass boiler technology.
http://www.babcock.com/
Solar Energy International
Renewable energy education available
from certifed solar energy trainers
and certifed Solar installers.
http://www.solarenergy.org/
National Alternative Fuels
Training Consortium
Based out of West Virginia
University, this group offers
training in alternative fuels.
http://www.naftc.wvu.edu/
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EnergyWorkforce
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Winter 2011 15
Making a Switch
There are also people interested in
switching companies, or even moving
to a different energy industry altogether.
For them, comparing the offerings of a
specifc class or course against the re-
quirements of a current or desired job
can help make the best choice. Train-
ing is available in every segment of the
industry, from introductions to renew-
ables to intense studies on the growth of
the petroleum industry.
Going the Distance
There is also a question of location.
With training facilities located around
the country and the world, there is no
shortage of available educational oppor-
tunities located close to some of the in-
dustrys biggest employers. Likewise, for
students and trainees unable or unwill-
ing to travel far, a facility within a reason-
able distance is almost a guarantee.
Paying the Bills
Finally, theres the issue of fnancing.
Some facilities offer fnancial assistance,
while some require greater out-of-pock-
et expense. This information is read-
ily available. Knowing ones fnancial
resources and whats available within
those restraints can make the decision
for some students before any other fac-
tors are considered. Luckily, even within
those constraints, students should still be
able to fnd multiple choices.
Begin the Journey
Whether its a complete informational
overhaul or a simple supplement to years
of training, education is out there. Indus-
try, location, cost, and course contents;
these factors are easy to fnd online and
by request. Weve provided a list below to
get you started. Whether youre ready to
begin your journey into natural gas or add
the latest hydropower research to your
personal knowledge base, in the end, the
most important energy is your own.
While this piece examines only 20
educational facilities, prospective stu-
dents of petroleum and power-genera-
tion will fnd prestigious opportunities
in both public and private institutions
across the US and internationally.
Biocom Institute
provides comprehensive education
as a bridge between university
training and industry positions.
http://biocominstitute.org/
Airstreams Renewables, Inc.
Offers accelerated career training
programs in wind and renewable energy.
http://www.air-streams.com/
Petroleum Education Workshops
Education and training for
oil and gas personnel
http://www.petroleumeducation.com/index.php
Society of Petroleum Engineers
Offer training and professional
competency programs.
http://www.spe.org/training/
American Petroleum Institute
Offers training and certifcation classes.
http://www.api.org/certifcations/
Petroskills
Provides training in topics spanning
the industry, from Exploration &
Production to Surface Facilities,
Operations & Maintenance, and HSE.
http://www.petroskills.com/
Opito
Provides oil $ gas skill training
and workforce development.
http://www.opito.com/
Peice
The Petroleum Institute for Continuing
Education is a privately held training
organization established in 1998,
offering short courses and seminars.
http://www.peice.com/
petroEDGE
PetroEdge is a specialist Oil & Gas
training provider headquartered in Asia.
http://www.petroedgeasia.net/
GTI
GTI provides education and training
in gas distribution, transmission,
supply, and marketing.
http://www.gastechnology.org/
Industrial Training Services
Provides training and qualifcation
for the gas industry.
http://www.its-training.com/
Southern Gas Association
Offers natural gas education
and training.
http://www.southerngas.org/
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__________________
SUNDAY, DECEMBER 11, 2011 COMPETITIVE POWER COLLEGE PRE-CONFERENCE WORKSHOPS
8:00 AM 5:00 PM
CPC 101; Room N101 CPC 102; Room N102 CPC103; Room N103
Power Plant Construction
Management: A Guide for Survival
Turbine Generator Failures:
Prediction and Prevention
HRSG Fundamentals
Design and Commissioning of
Combined Cycle HRSGs
8:00 AM 5:00 PM
SUNDAY & MONDAY, DECEMBER 11 & 12, 2011 COMPETITIVE POWER COLLEGE PRE-CONFERENCE WORKSHOPS
CPC 204; Room N110
Boiler Water Treatment Technology
MONDAY, DECEMBER 12, 2011 COMPETITIVE POWER COLLEGE PRE-CONFERENCE WORKSHOPS
8:00 AM 5:00 PM
CPC 301;
Room N101
CPC 302;
Room N102
CPC 303;
Room N103
CPC 304;
Room N107
CPC 305;
Room N111
CPC 306;
Room N113
Capital
Investment
Analysis for Power
Plant Projects
Harness Your
Heatrate and
Unleash the Power
of Your Data
Strategy for
Securing Nuclear
Opportunities
Beyond the
Generator:
Transformer
Considerations
for Generating
Stations
Basic Gas Turbine
Metallurgy and
Component Repair
IEEE Power
System Relaying
Committee
Tutorial on the
Protection of
Synchronous
Generators
TUESDAY, DECEMBER 13, 2011
9:30 AM 11:30 AM
OPENING KEYNOTE ADDRESS Las Vegas Hilton; Barron Room
Mr. David Walsh Senior VP of Service and Manufacturing; Mitsubishi Power Systems America
Mr. Don Karner President & CEO; ECOtality North America
Mr. Elmo Collins Regional Administrator; U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
CONFERENCE TRACKS
& SESSIONS
Industry Trends/
Competitive
Power
Generation I
Room N111
Industry Trends /
Competitive Power
Generation II
Room N113
Environmental
Issues I
Room N109
Environmental
Issues II
Room N103
Fossil
Technologies I
Room N107
Fossil
Technologies II
Room N108
1:30 PM 3:30 PM
1A - Macro-Trends
Affecting U.S.
Power Projects
Panel Discussion
2A - Flexible Gas-
Fired Generation in
a Rapid Response
World - Panel
Discussion
3A - CO2 Capture
Technology Update
4A - Recent
Experience in
Multi-Pollutant
Control
5A - Performance
Issues Facing
Modern Coal
Plants
6A - Material and
Construction
WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 14, 2011
7:30 AM 9:00 AM
Networking Breakfast Ballroom C, Las Vegas Hilton
9:30 AM 11:30 AM
1B - Marginal
Fossil Units
Revive, Repower
or Retire
2B - Project
Execution:
Successfully
Managing Risks
and Uncertainties
Panel Discussion
3B - Regulatory
Issues and
Environmental
Compliance
4B - Utility MACT
Environmental
Compliance
5B - Material
Handling
Challenges and
Solutions
6B - Major CCS
Demonstration
Projects
1:30 PM 3:30 PM
1C - Future
Directions in
Generation
Capacity Panel
Discussion
2C - Asset
Management for
Load-Following
and Cycling
3C -
Advancements in
Mercury Control
4C - SO2 Control
Technology Update
5C - Integrated
Gasifcation
Combined Cycle
(IGCC): Technology
Update
6C - Emissions
Control
Technology
Improvements
THURSDAY, DECEMBER 15, 2011
7:30 AM 9:00 AM Networking Breakfast Ballroom C, Las Vegas Hilton
9:00 AM 9:45 AM PLENARY SESSION: Room N111 State of the Economy in 45 Minutes
10:00 AM 11:30 AM Mega-Session I; Room N110 Mega-Session II; Room N112
Grid Integration of Large Amounts of Renewable Energy Large Frame Gas Turbines
December 13 15, 2011
Las Vegas Convention Center Las Vegas, Nevada USA
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HALF-DAY WORKSHOPS
CPC 104; Room N109
1:00 PM 5:00 PM
CPC 201; Room N108 CPC 202; Room N107
Basic Hydraulics & Optimizing Pump
Performance and Reliability
Improving Handling and
Storage of Coal and
Other Bulk Materials
DCS End-of-Life Survival Guide
TWO-DAY WORKSHOP
HALF-DAY WORKSHOPS
8:00 AM 12:00 PM
CPC 401;
Room N108
CPC 402;
Room N109
1:00 PM 5:00 PM
CPC 501;
Room N108
CPC 502;
Room N109
Turbine Generator
Torsional Vibration
Failure Prevention
Specialized
Marketing, Sales
& Communication
Techniques to the
Power Generation
Market
Gas Turbine
Combustion:
Emissions, Operability
and Combustion
Dynamics
Indian Power
Generation Market
Strategic Review &
Forecast - 2011
Gas Turbine
Technologies
Room N110
Renewable Energy I
Room N112
Renewable Energy II
Room N114
On-Site Power
Room N117
Plant Performance I
Room N101
Plant Performance II
Room N102
7A - Advances
in Gas Turbine
Operations and
Maintenance
8A - Bulk Energy
Storage Solutions
for Transmission
Challenges
9A - The Future of
Renewable Energy
Trends in Policy,
Financing & Technology
Panel Discussion
10A - Building
Blocks of On-Site
Power: Microgrids,
Distributed
Generation
11A - Gas Turbine
Optimization and
Performance
Evaluation
12A - Asset
Betterment
7B - Combined
Cycle
8B - Technology and
Market Advances
for Utility Scale
Solar Power
9B - Cutting-Edge
Biomass Applications
for Power Generation
10B - Increase Profts
by Reducing Costs
11B - Effective
Maintenance
Strategies
12B - Combustion,
Coal-Flow and Soot-
Blowing Optimization
7C - Gas Turbine
Technology and
Applications
8C - Small-Scale
Energy Storage
Technologies:
Whats Working?
9C - U.S. Wind
Power Update
10C - Current
Trends Impacting
On-Site Power
Panel Discussion
11C - Steam Turbine
Reliability, Availability
and Effciency
12C - Performance
Improvement through
Instruments, Controls
and Electrical Systems
Mega-Session III; Room N114
Asia Report - Impact of China and India Energy Sector Development
on the Global Power Industry Panel Discussion
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________________________________
___________________________________________________

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JANUARYFEBRUARY 2012 VOLUME 15NUMBER 1

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