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University of' Veliko Tarnovo, '-'·· il ..-~. B·u..garla.

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• Roma and Romani Language • Romani bilingualism • Stan dla rdi za tti m f R- m a:n La ngu age..'. '"
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• Strategies for creating a standard common terminology 0',0 International level

• New' Terminology in Romani

• Conclusion

· r ,.-. .......···m··' . ·:-·.u g··.····.' Ro··.•·····m,a> a·~.··'0·'· d R··•••···o·•·· ····~a·~.··.n···'-·l· L...a'--·g.• .. · a'···.· e-.

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_ .... ·oma .~'-, ... , .e WI[I.. ' ...• ,.'_ . orlglo.. . man Wb. ,are th .e ·RI····...,... ?' .pe,o.p1 ... ith In··d·· .'_....".'": ._.,.' who left India, some 1 000 years ago. The total numbe..I' of Rom·· ·-'0·- Europe l~S··~",8: Ip·p'..'.r··o.·:.·X•.·.-lm-··· ,.._- ly :8:'··'··' .... 1·' a .. .... ate.. II. •• ....~~II-·~. munons. What is the Romani Language? - Indian based language-formed outside of India, Not standardized language. Influenced by Armenian, Greek, Romanian and Slavic languages. Two, main dialectgroups- Vlax and nOD-,VI.ax (influence of' Romanian language)
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Romani Bilingualism
• 'R,'.'. are b '1" Ii ng 1'1~]]'~', mul tI~ lin g,~r-u'-al S,-':,_ they speak ,!J(- least oma ,-, and 2 Romani dialects a:nd. the, officiallanguage of the country -',11 , -~I ~t... as we as some 0' th - :'nt - --~I'o"l ion al ] anguages as E -n,gisn me mtemat ona .. (~''~-r' Spanish, French o:rGerman • Alan Patten (200'3,:2.97) two principles of bilingualism: "The principle that citizens should enjoy the same set of .' ,'1.-., inth .. 1anguage ngJInts no matter w hiere they are In. '1,1- e country ts 1 -1-1,.1']-: _~c red ,0 : ,_~=e '1 common~y relerre" . tc..as the persona!!l" ity pr]nClp~e.,~~-TII'1f--~ __ j- 'j ~1\1(;; ',-" ','_-', --":' '",' ,--'"-, :," ,,1,,' that '-":,~ , rht snou ;:-11 opposing pnncipie.tnat ianguage ngn: S she '10. \ ary f":'--' ,'" _ -' irom region to rezion according to local conditions, ]S generally•. r ']- neieu fh·~ "territori al ity prin cip ~ ab ~~ me uerruortan ........•...•. !! 1'!!'!I;l',. ed ~""', _.1-11.=
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S· d di ,. 0'f R tandardizat on Roman ,. Languag .. ',e

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.. '. 9.,' _ . - 'L . - . - dl - tho -l'fst C' - .__ - -- - _.' f .. :111 1.·'.7'1" ]n.o:n,.,on,- . - 'I,-I .- e F-~ :. - .. ',- ongress - 0':1 tl1eInternational Romani Union (IRU)~ Linguists from. allover the world came together to discuss the issues of Roma'_." ,-,~, -- ...-- Roma language - rizhts, It was . -- " ,-0 .. rizhts including ' the ".-' ._."', "'-,.. --' "'--'-- ... '--:-.' "",.,..0 .-,~,,~. ,--~, 'taken a decision to, have 8, common orthography for all ~ h ~ countries w.l- ere R Roma ,are sttuat eel ~ ~ .. -~. in ,.'.,' ' -'U ~ ,a,rsaw-' 'It1J,~- o'l1,rUJl_o,u,gress ,.d,'e I·11 119· ]n. Warsa ""'.~ Foi I"":~ C"·'., ,-:",',- :~.'-- -".,~",-, 0 f 'IR" .....'':__, Decision, 'taken, for standardization of 'Rom, ani in, different parts of the world, Lllancock (1975;, 19,77 and 19'95) E, Ljungberg ,('19'77. 1984):" =="J~,., .. ~,,' '... "., . -. M'. Corthiade (1987) M'. Hubschrnanova and J. Neustupny (19'96) H'~, YlllChu,kov,(1'99'3;, 2003) K 5
'·9·:' '," r.: ·';"0'.. ' =~

Levels of' the Standardization of ·· '. R .... ······ ···.om,a.nl

• According to the "territoriality principle" of A~Patten three levels of standardization; • I level: Standardization of Romani for Roma in. a particular country- Czech Republic, Sweden. or Romania, It means a, particular orthography a,n.d loan-words in.Romani language from. the majority contact languages. • 'nl ']1ev'e ,~'.-,_In_.ar, lza"lon·o .R·.~. ·,'i on.eglon.a '111 eve-1 ,:~']I'~ Sta"'"d rd,'i zationof n m ~'~" -'1 _ r.om.an] - n R'··· Balkan countries .... Bulgaria, Macedonia, Kosova and Serbia, • . level: Standardization of Romani for international purposes for communication between Rorna from different parts of the world,
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Country' level- Stockholm Conference- January, 2,007--International experts help the country' to start education in StandardRomani Regiona l level- Sk oie ·C:" Dece.. .==J~"= .,.,' .. '..... . . =Y:J ' '. 'onference ..' ,==ll.==J =!J~=l=" rnber ~ hb ~ '., di Experts c torm neighbonng countnes ,..lSC'U,SS ' 20·0· 6· E issue of cross-border communication between d C···'O;···'UIntries whiere Roma have sam'e·~ialectIl Intemational level- Strasbourg Conference- May t 2'007-Standardization of' Romani in such a level which allows to, 't,each Romani with same methodology
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['0' ,_-.-Nxanons '1 ] eve, - one 01 th e most ,-~. - ,-~ .. ils -,R:"',-",~,~. .. variety -I'~ ',-,..-..~. - .-el - '-~'-'. , .' --~ - .-·"t PIOP'IlJ, ar xomam " "'~-__. ·t·,· b"' of ~.,,-.: _'0. ~h dit ]8 d f ~".c: IS C,I- osen anc It i useo as a mean O;'_ comrnumcation, ror d h '. pu blicat _ tcations an,:I_.etc .., Th termmo 1ogy C,I- osen is thie most -11,-:J[J..[e .. o e-"' C- m p'~[re-,'ehe nisive for al 'I oth-~r:- groups, ['0'[0. xegiona "e,v[e - ~h---:simr a,(..Var1le" es W,JlIl-C ,I, e,XlS,_ :'-~ - -,-,," ..,-- "',r~':-"j eties ....t, ..ch -".,st In, rni] , i _ ',-.-R" -.~ionall tl. ie .,-e"' zhbo __ .~, :~'-~- I mes , __ neign _orlng coun.,-,t __"·~· -, are used fo__tanc annzauon. .,- I-TI11,.usee ,or s·,'t ..- .,-d ~"dl~~" fj~.ne ~','.---:.-.". ,-:--'. ~ ~-,--'--,~.' :',-~ .. -'d'" ..~., ··---: ,.-,~.' ~ common ttermmo o[gy is usee I as a ba - .... allv f__ a ease (usu y rom .. usua language which was in a contact with 'Romani in early ·C'.-t··ase of it,C': develo.. P ment, fO'T example from T'-· rkish) · •• ·U' In ~...'0'" "'= .....' =~ =- ~~. ~~ Balka..11 comntries where most ofthev Rom a. are Mu S-,]I"'m a nd·. l .•. .I .. ,1 th ,.' ,,',-,.. 1 "', ,- ,. - , ~T! 'ki sh ".'--" 'k ,.,., tln -,'..",-,.,_","-, attne..same nme .urxtsn speasmgtne common termin ,0···1·c.,) 1".-S, form Tu rkish .• O'Q'v =._ =~
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H~Kyuchukov (19'9'8) shows different lexicosemantic groups from Turkish:

Names of plants" flowers fruits. and vegetables; Names of animals;

Words from the nature:
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w Nam cs of foiods and .drinks: 'Names of plays and musical instruments

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Strategies for creating a standard common terminology on International level

d ,Tom A'rm,~nt.an .an.) , Greek, W"llC.1 are t:h sam,e tn a']-1] . d G k hi I . ..I, U· _Sln.g '],oall-w-or_·s f ..... "Ie var'-' 'ieties arou n-c,d-'], the- world _ , Roma 'in their way from India to Europe .IJ.. _JI." . ~ ~ .. come in cons act 'with Armenian and Greek in early 12 c ~ ,,
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Examples from Armenian:

• Parts of bumen body;

6ekat (forehead); morel (skin); koc (knee) ogi (soul)

• 'Names of vegetables and fruits: dndum (pamp kin) • Names of foods:

bokoli ( small flat loaf}; xumer (dough)

• 'Names of animals:
grast (horse); khuro (young horse); rikono (puppy)

10

Continuation of t e Strategies

'M",_,'
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amoni (anvil): kakavi (kettle): petalo (horseshoe): ,=karfin (nail): sviri (,' hammer) _'
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Standardization of Romani on ntcrnational lcvel

,A .group
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·R om a, acti V1StS anc 'I.~ . '. ~ d linguists mterestecd In, 'R' ~ ~ '. omam ~ ls _.- '-.r - nave b - _.. W'Ofrki -- - ior... '[.r - t 1'7' years In'-A U..I1-f~' :.- ._.( ~ anguage· .r neen ung ,C - aSI, .. rerem tm ..Iel~ ;r"D" ~,I.e..e .~:-,?i"'-"n~'e - d 'e-~- 'OP', rents Tlh' "-"' ·-·='" l~ S' co,u,nll"tries aLl,I"d th -'r - lS. SO,I,1.'_ "tlI,ew/.'_ve '1' -:-'m' I"'_" I,~_,~ '_'e" '1.'eve- '1' ] which the group of scholars accepted, are the following: fj'~;"~~' R" - .': liIf":~' - -~ -'",""'] • C~reatmg 0f" a common rcomanr anguage- on, ora I ] evespeakers of different Romani dialects from different parts of the world, corning together on. international events find, ways to communicate; ~ C' .... e·-=-a.···.- g' a···.·' 0'rnm'""1 - on ortho ~ ·'tl in' c·: •. · .•.·g~ra>l1nbyo:~ ····· ~, a common- grammar;r~ .': " ,"'. ,'. ":.:," - , '1. "'1 .~,' ... '-- ,It''== "m c..eatmg r 11 ..• '.' • C reatmg a common '1 '. exicon
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12

Methodolog
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Analyzes of documents from international meetings written in Standard Romani. Special attention is paid to 'English -root terminology, and trends for creation of' new' terminology in Romani ar'e observed.

13

.. 1.' R-' omam ew T ermmoiogy In '..•.... ,.

' n,~]'t1' ,!IC.'.,~ ".;;; " WI" uno '),~J' Ih Ma_JI,I~~j Fno] ,~,;J." '[e·rmi riC 'I( (l'V ,.0· -ra -, :J -t,

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ri" om R' ",tli':I,I"Ii;.!.I~,il~,

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Exam,.I" 'P'l,,'iii,: ("'-N'' - Olillns.:') es: " :., U.

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n ph .... ~'~"I'!JI,II.._.. compnter

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"iI.,.~ • if.. te ~;I"I'LOil.O ataaro

specialisto

min orite to
l! lemento

treno prezidenio
regtono

'[ra~:n,

~;eru)'ZJO

president

prit'tci.po
mediaioro nivelo diks: ionaro

va rian to
dialekto

karaktero semsnaro fonda

defkito
proceso

ftdao.r:o
p't() ble me

a lte ma tivo mandaJo intemeto

sistema

kong reso
testa
leksikono

analiza

1.4

C·O·.····.O'OO··t.l·n·>.·u.·at···0··.···.·.·0'00..
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Examples (Nouns)
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-IJ3,; -IIJle: Examples: (Nouns)

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ortografija strategija e ti molo g ija metodologija

grafija 1€'~·Sol"k g·raJ ,l).,a k «o ,.fi'

1.5

Continual" on of NTR
-alno: -alne "_',' Examples: (Adjectives)
_'_'

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emocionalno reg ion a ln 0 intemacioanlno loka In;0 :1['0: ""C~ ia:/:.'0: 'n spec ialno globalno spirituaino
.. , .. '.~ I~~._ •. _ ..•

c,

parcialno

leksikalno

1.6

C·O.·
I·., " -(8' .)"11"0" _ (8' .).''De" - I·.
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mtinu at·'·0···.·....·.·0'····· o N.:·:·::·:· .• .. T. ·····f····

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politikano ling 'V istikan 0'

g ram a tikano teh. nik a' n0'"

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1.7

,..,eij a; ..eij e' (..:zija,; ..:~j e)

Examples: (Nouns -i-Verbs) fonda ciJa
kondicija edukacija
organizacija

'V' ':u.. verts

re lac ija
11,n rv,~j(

:.":1 ~I~~: ~j.-:_.~' ~

acua-

populacija fun kc ija

kooperaciia

unifikac iJa standartizacija grafizac ija

komunikacija

deklarac iJa

partie ipac iJa

kO'.nzerv,ac~J.a

re zolj uc ija konfere fie iia

tradicija gene rae ija

de skripc ija
Ildf ,a;.J.'"
.; Il'Ii ,,,,,;,.; :i'~;i".'

if.'ii'~lr!l"l-tJ

fi-n'

i'w'l'acUJ

informac ija

propo ziciia

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ija: kala bo rae ija komp! lac ija

ratifikac

deskripcija
konvergencija

1.8

Nn n classlfl ~d'Ii>
IU· ,. :

ua!"-·, ._ . ~~. ,il

specs"f'·'k 'uca

lmgvistika

analiza/ anali zo si sterna/ si sterno baza

logika
'forma literatura
"I.. ~
,I~~,~., ,I~

leksika fonetika psihologija

1.9

Conclussio:n
These types of terminologies are effective and they' are used by interpreters during' international ill' '" eetings at C,.'·,'",,'Eand EU: in, publications by International organizations in school textbooks an,d academic books and dictionaries.
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20