..

--

2010

www.phoenixbooks.ru

 373.167.1:53
22.372
444
28

28

..
: / .. . /: , 2010. 416 .
( )
ISBN 978-5-222-16538-6

,
,

,

. ,
.

1011 ,
.

373.167.1:53
ISBN 978-5-222-16538-6

22.372

.., 2010
, , 2010

www.phoenixbooks.ru


!
,
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, - ,

.
,

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, ,
,

.
,
, ,
.
, , , , , :
1, 2530
;
2, 46 , ,
;
3, 6 ,
.
:
.

www.phoenixbooks.ru

1
, ,
,

. 2
, ..
. 3
,
,
. , :
1) ! , :
;
2) ;
3) ;
4) .

3
. ,
,
,
.

:
I.
II.
III.
IV. . . .
.
.
, ,
, . 1

www.phoenixbooks.ru

,
,
. 2
.. , 3 .

2 3.
,
. ,
, . , ,
, ,

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!

www.phoenixbooks.ru

 I.

x = x0 + vxt;

S = vt

x (), 0 (), vx (/), t (), S (), v

(/)

x = 0 + vOx t +
v = v0 + at;
S = vt;

axt2
;
2

'v
v  v0
=
;
t
t
at2
S = v0 t +
;
2
v v
v = 0
;
t

a=

v2 v02 = 2aS.
a (/2), 'v (/), v (/), v0
(/), v Ox
(/), ax -

www.phoenixbooks.ru

(/2).

v=

M
;
t
2SR
v=
;
T
Z = 2SQ;
t
1
T=
= ;
N
Q
2
v
a=
;
R
a = Zv

S
;
t

Z=

v = 2SRQ;

v = ZR;
2S
Z=
;
T
N
1
Q=
=
;
t
T
a = Z2R;

v (/), S
(), Z (/), M
(), S = 3,14 (),
(), Q (1), R (), N (), t ,
(/2)

m
V
U (/3), m (), V
(3)
U=

F = ma
F (), m (), a
(/2)

www.phoenixbooks.ru

 I.

F = PF
F (), P (), F ()

F = kx
F (), k
(/), x ()

m1m2
r2
F (), G = 6,67 1011 2/2
, m1 m2 (),
r ()
F=G

= mg
(), m (), g
(/2)

,

= m(g a)
(/2).

www.phoenixbooks.ru

10

,

= m(g + a)

P
mg
n (), (),
m (), g (/2)
n=

= Fl
( ), F , (), l ()

kx 2
2
(), F (), S
(), D
(), k (/),
()
= FS cos D;

A
;
N = F v cos D
t
N (), (), t
(), F (), v (/), D
()
N=

www.phoenixbooks.ru

 I.

11

mv 2
2
k (), m
(), v (/)
k =

,

= mgh
(), m (), g (/2), h
()

kx 2
2
k (/), x (),
()
=

= + k
(),
, k .

= 'k = k2 k1
(), 'k = k2 k1 ,
(), k1 , k2

www.phoenixbooks.ru

 II.

77

II





N
V
n (3), N (), V (3)
n=

m0
1
mC
12
r
(), m 0 (),
mC ()
r =

( )
m
M
Q ( )
(), m (),
(/)
Q=

www.phoenixbooks.ru

78

m
;
N

M
U
;
m0 =
NA
n
m0 (), m
(), N (),
M (/), NA = 6,02 1023 1
, U (/3), n
(3)
m0 =

m0=

m
m0
N (),
n ( 3), V ( 3),
Q ( ) (),
NA (1), m
(), m0 ()
N = nV;

N = QNA;

N=

v =

3RT
;
M

v =

3kT
R
, k =
m0
NA

v
(/), R = 8,31 /( ) , (), (/), k = 1,38 1023 / , m0 (),
NA (1)

M
U
V (3/), (/), U (/3)
V =

www.phoenixbooks.ru

 II.

79

1
2
m0n v 2 ;
p = n Ek
3
3
p (), m0 (), n (3), v
p=

(/), Ek
()

Ek

m0v 2
2

Ek
(), m0 (), v
(/)

= t + 273q
(), t (q)

Ek =

3
kT
2

Ek
(), k (/), ()

www.phoenixbooks.ru

80

m
RT;
pV= QRT;
pV = RT
M
p (), V (3), m
(), M (/), R
(/( ), T (), Q
( ) (), V (3/)
V =

p1V1
pV
= 2 2
T1
T2
p1, V1, T1 (), (3) () , p2,
V2, T2 (), (3) ()
m = const

( )
T = const m = const p1V1 = p2V2
, m
(), 1 V1 () (3)
, p2 V2 () (3)

- ( )
V1
T
= 1
V2
T2
p (), m (),
V1 1 (3) ()
, V2 2 (3) ()
p = const m = const

www.phoenixbooks.ru

 II.

81

p1 T1
p2 T2
V (3), m (), 1
1 () ()
, 2 2 ()
()
V = const m = const

p = knT
p (), k (/), n (3),
T ()

U
p
100%; M =
100%
U
p
M (
%), U
(/3), U (/3),
p (), p
()


M=

= p'V = p(V2 V1)
(), p (),
'V (3), V1 V2 (3)

www.phoenixbooks.ru

 II.

147

III

q = Ne
q (), N q (), e =1,6 1019 ()

q
l
W (/), q
l (), l ()
W=

q
S
V (/2),
q (), S (2)
V=

q
V
U (/3), q
V (), V (3)
U=

www.phoenixbooks.ru

148

q1q2
q1q2
;
F=
Hr 2
4SH0 Hr 2
F (), k = 9 109 2/2 , q1 q2
(), H (), H0 = 8,85 1012 /
, r
()
F=k

F
q
E (/
/), F , (), q
()
=

q
q
;
E=
2
Hr
4SH0 Hr 2
E (/ /),
k ( 2/2),
q (), H (), H0
(/), r
q ()
=k

V
2H0 H

(/), V =

www.phoenixbooks.ru

 III.

149

(/2), H0 (/),
H ()

( )
V
H0 H
,
=

= qd
(),
(/ /),
q (), d ()

Wp
q
M (),
Wp (), q ,
()
M=

q
q
;
M=
Hr
4SH0 Hr
,

M=k

www.phoenixbooks.ru

150

A
q
M1 M2 = 'M
(), U (), A
(), q
()
M1 M2 = 'M = U =

U
M1  M2
;
E=
d
d
(/
/), M1 M2 (), U
(), d
()
E=

q
M
(), q (), M ()
C=

= 4SH0HR
(),
H0 (/), H (), R ()

www.phoenixbooks.ru

 III.

151

q
q
;
=
M1  M2
U
(), q
(), M1 M2 (), U ()
=

H0 HS
d
(), H0
(/), H
(), S (2), d
()
=

q
U = U1 + U2 + U3 + ... + UN
1
1
1
1
1
=
+
+
+ ... +
C
C1
C2
C3
CN

,
C
;
U = NU
=
N
q (), U
(), U1, U2, U3,
..., UN
(), N (),
(), 1, 2, 3,
..., N ()

www.phoenixbooks.ru

 IV. . ...

277

IV
. .
.

,
,


x = cos D;
x = A cos (Zt + D0);
x = A sin D;
x = A sin (Zt + D0)
x (),
(), D (), Z () (/), t (), D0
()

D = Zt + D0
D (), Z
(/), t (), D0 ()

2S
k
g
; Z=
; Z=

m
l
Z (/), Q (), (), k (/), m (),
g (/2), l
()


Z = 2SQ;

Z=

www.phoenixbooks.ru

278

t
1
m
l
;
= ; = 2S
; = 2S
N
Q
k
g
(), t (), N
(), Q ().

=

N
1
1 k
1 g
;
Q=
;
Q=
; Q=
t
T
2S m
2S l
Q (), N ,
(), S = 3,14 , t (), k (/),
m (), g
(/2), l
Q=

v = xc = ZA sin (Zt + D0); vmax = ZA
v (/), xc
(/), Z (/), A (),
D0 (), vmax (/)

a = vc = Z2A cos (Zt + D0) amax = Z2A

a (/2), vc
(/2), amax (/2).

www.phoenixbooks.ru

 IV. . ...

279

v
Q
O (), v
(/), (), Q ()


O = QT;

O=

O
= kO
2
O
min: 'r = (2k + 1)
2
'r (), k = 0; 1; 2; 3;
... (), O ()
max: 'r = 2k

,
,
q = qm cos (Zt + D0);
u = Um cos(Zt + D0);

i = Im sin (Zt + D0);

e =Em sin (Zt + D0), Em = BZS;
q
Um = m
C
q (), qm (), Z
(/), t (), D0
(), i (), Im (), u (),
Um (), e
(), Em (), S
(2), ()

www.phoenixbooks.ru

280

,

( )
1
1
;
Q=
LC
2S LC
(), L (), C (),
Z (/), Q ()
= 2S LC ;

Z=

i = qc;
Im = Zqm
i (), qc
(), Im (), qm ()

Im
U
E
;
U= m ;
E= m
2
2
2
I
(), Im (),
U (), Um (), E (),
Em ()
I=

,

1
;
Z = R 2  (XL  XC )2
ZC
XL (), XC
(), Z (/), Z (), R ()
XL = ZL;

XC =

www.phoenixbooks.ru

 IV. . ...

281

I=

U
R 2  (XL  XC )2

Um

Im =

R 2  (XL  XC )2

I (), U
(), Im (), Um
().

= U I cos M
(), U
(), I
(), s M
(), M
()

s M =

R
=
Z

R
2

R 2  ZL 

ZC

x.

U1
N
= 1
U2
N2
k (), U 1 (), U2
(), N1
(), N2 ()
k=

www.phoenixbooks.ru

 IV. . ...

381

0U, kU, - 0,
-
0Pu = 0U + kU + 0 + k.
EkU = 0Pu 0U 0 k = mPu2 mU2
(1)
mHe2 k .
-,
:
mUvU = mHevHe.
,
-,
:
m m v2
mU mU vU2
= He He He
2
2

mUEk U = mHe k ,

mU
.
(2)
mHe
(2) (1):
m
EkU = mPu2 mU2 mHe2 EkU U .
mHe

2 (mPu  mU  mHe )
m (m  mU  mHe )
= c2 He Pu
.
EkU =
mU
mHe  mUi
1
mHe
,
, -
:
4,00260 ... = 4,00260 1,67 1027 = 6,7 1027 .
:

EkU = 91016

k = EkU

6,7 10 27 (244,0642  235,1175  4,0026)

=
4,0026  235,1175

= 1,2 1011 .
: EkU = 1,2 1011 .

www.phoenixbooks.ru

382

3,5 .
. 1 25 30
4 ,
. 1 (125)
1
, , , .
2 5 ,
.
2, ,
, .

.
3 6 ,
.
3, . ,
. ,
, ,
.
,
. . . ,

www.phoenixbooks.ru

383

,
.
.
, ,
.
10 /2.

1
A1. . 188 v ,
- x c
8
.
6
4 ?
4
1) 12 /;
2) 8 /;
2
3) 6,4 /; 4) 5,5 /.
A2.
0
1 2 3 4 5 t, c
, . 188
, , . ,
. :
1) ;
2) ;
3) ;
4) .
A3. . 189

vx, c
2
. - 15
10
, , :
5
1) 2,5 ;
2) 30 ;
0
3) 15 ;
4) 10,5 .

2 4

6 8

. 189

www.phoenixbooks.ru

t, c

411

.................................................................................. 3
I. ................................................................ 7

...............................................7
...................................................... 7
.............................. 7
................ 8
................................................................. 8
...................................................... 8
..................................................................... 9
....................................................................... 9
.............................................. 9

................................................................. 9
,
................................... 9
,
....................................10

.................................................10
...................................................................10
...........................................................10
......................................................10
......................................................11
, ..............11
................11
..........................................11
......................11
....................12
..................................................................12
.................................................................12
...........................................................12
................................................12
() ...................................13
( ) ...............13
........................................................13

........................................... 13
1. .................................................................13
2. ...................................................................21
3. ......................................................................29
4. ............................................................30

1 ............ 34
1 ...........................................................................34
2 ...........................................................................42
3 ...........................................................................44

1 ........................................... 46
2 ................................................ 59
3 ................................................ 67

www.phoenixbooks.ru

412

II. ........ 77

....................................................... 77
.......................................77
.....................77
( ) ...............77
.......................................78
...........................................78
..............78
......................................................78
....79
................79
.......................................79

........................79

..................................................80
.......80
( ) ...............80
- ( ).............................80
..................................................................81

...................................................81
...................................81
.....................81
..............82
...........................................82

.......................................82

.........................................................82

........................................................83

.............................................................83
............83
.........84

.......................................................................84

....................................................... 84
1. ..................................................84
2. .......................................................... 102

II
......................................... 110
1 ......................................................................... 110
2 ......................................................................... 117
3 ......................................................................... 119

II
................. 122

www.phoenixbooks.ru

413

1 .............................................. 122
2.................................................... 131
3.................................................... 137

III. .......................................... 147

..................................... 147
.................................... 147
............................................ 147
..................................... 147
............................................. 147
................................................................ 148
............................... 148
............................. 148

................................................... 148


(
)................................................................ 149

....................................................... 149
...................................... 149
.................................... 149
.................................................... 150

.................................... 150
............................................ 150
................................... 150
.................................................... 151
....................................... 151
.................... 151
.......................... 152
........... 152
........ 152
.................... 153
............. 153
....................................................... 153
................................................ 154
............................... 154

............................................................. 154
......................... 154
....................... 155
............................ 155
...................... 156
................................................................ 156
................................................ 156
...................................... 157
....................... 157
............... 157
................................................................... 157

www.phoenixbooks.ru

414

.
.............................................................. 158
.................................................... 158
()
............................................................................. 158
...................................... 158
............................... 159
................................................... 159
,
............................................... 159
, ,
....................................... 160
........................................... 160
...................... 160
,
..................................... 160
,
........................................................... 161
........................................... 161
................. 161
.................................. 161
.... 162

............................ 162
1. .......................................................... 162
2. ......................................................... 181
3. ................................................................. 209

III
................................................. 239
1 ......................................................................... 239
2 ......................................................................... 246
3 ......................................................................... 248

1 ......................................... 250
2 ......................................... 260
3 .............................................. 267

IV. . .
. ................. 277
, ,
.................. 277
................................ 277
............................................... 277
....................................... 277
.......................................... 278
.......................................... 278
................... 278
......... 278
.................................................. 279
....279
,
, ................................................ 279

www.phoenixbooks.ru

415

,

( ) ......................................................... 280
..................................... 280
......................... 280
,
........................................................... 280
................... 281
...................... 281
........................ 281
.................. 281

() ........................................................ 282
............... 282
........................................................... 282
........................................................ 282
.. 283

................................................................. 283

........... 283
.................. 283
............................................................. 284
.................................... 284
........................................... 284
............................................. 284
................ 284
........................................................... 285
............................. 285

................................................................. 285
................................................. 285
.................................................. 286
.......... 286
.................................. 286
............................... 287
....................................... 287
................................................... 287
, ............................... 287
............................................... 288
................. 288
........................................ 288
................................................. 288
, () ........ 288
,
() .......................................... 289
..................................... 289
................................................ 289
.................. 289

www.phoenixbooks.ru

416

, ,
............................ 290
1. ................................ 290
2. .......................... 299
3. . ................................... 304
4. ...................................... 323
5. .............................................. 331
6. ........................................................ 336

IV
. . .
..................................................... 343
1 ......................................................................... 343
2 ......................................................................... 349
3 ......................................................................... 351

III .
. . ..... 353
1 .............................................. 353
2.................................................... 365
3.................................................... 371

.......................... 381
.......................... 381
1 ......................................................................... 382
2 ......................................................................... 388
1 ............................ 390
2 ............................ 390
3 ......................................................................... 391
3 ............................ 392

......................................................................... 399

,
............................................... 399

.
.
.
.
. , .
25.06.2009. 15.01.2010.
84 u 108 1/32. 2. SchoolBook.
. . . . 21,84. 2500 .


344082, . --, . , 80.

344019, . --, . , 57.

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