PIit t b mHaibeSr b

AiBij ray
Vim balaedeSr kiF jnipy iban samiykIet (saeys wyah, Aeabr sKYa,
2006) maiFBas sa kiF lKay nePSn ba mHaPIit iney ikCuFa Velacna
keriClam| GB mHaPIitr aviYvwU btmaen pdaTibaen Kub jnipy| e wevbxB
AvR gb Kib GK KviY-wenxb KvqvUvg dvKPzqkbi (Quantum Flactuation) ga
w`q GB gnvwek mw nZ cvi, hv cieZxZ m gnvwekK xwZi (Inflation) w`K Vj
w`qQ, Ges Aviv ci c`v_ Avi KvVvgv Zwii c_ myMg KiQ| Gjv Kvb KKvwnbx
bq| gnvwek h k~b _K Drcb nZ cvi c_g G aviYvwU e KiwQjb GWIqvW wUqb
1973 mvj bPvi bvgK weLvZ evwbK Rvbvj 1 | teb tarw Veg "ibg-bYaer
jnk' gYaemar maTaetw DarNaiF esiCl| gYaema tar "My World line' ge 1940
sael VnsFaenr saeT keTapkTenr kiF GFna eLK kern| gYaema Kub Haa
cael sidn VnsFanek beliCeln, "Vmar k Ca sidn Vpnar smIkrn
ela iney naRacaRa kret igey dKela Z kiF nQ ik sP SUnY Tek ut
Het paer, karN Vpnar smIkren vNatMk maDYakxN Si DNatMk Br-Siek
iniy ker dy|' en VnFan kFu Tmek daRaeln| gYaema bleln, "Vmra
w smy dujen raa par HiClam, Vr t gaiR GaRar BIer Vmaedr kTa Sx
pZ Hairey gl' |
wUqebr DarNa AnuZayI Vmaedr mHaibeSr b HeyeC SUnYaba Tek bR sR k
BYakyam PakcueySenr mDY idey| Vsel kayaFam tanuZayI SUnYtaek Venk
tapZpUN bel men kra Hy| SUnYta maen VQirk AeT SUnY ny- pdaT ibanIedr
met Z SUnYedSek VpatW diFet Sa, smaiHt men HeC, tar sUQer sbsmy
nanan piya GeF celeC| r meDY iniHt Si Tek pdaTkNa tWPtBaeb otrI
HeC, Vbar tara inejek s Siet iblIn ker ideC| Zmn, SUnYaba Tek
samanY smeyr Jlkainr meDY elkFn b pijFn (pdaT-pit pdaT Zugl) Tek
pdaT otrI Hey Vbar ta SUnYtay imiley Zet paer| eln b pijFenr
1

Is the Universe a Vacuum Fluctuation?, Edward P. Tryon, Nature, vol. 246, pp. 396-397(1973)

mDYkar bYbDan Taek 10-10 siFimFaerrw km, Vr puera bYaparFar aiytkal ma

-21
10 sek |

ic 1 : ibanIra deKeCn, Z SUnYedSek VpatW diFet Sa, smaiHt men HeC, tar sUQer sbsmy nanan
piya GeF celeC| r meDY iniHt Si Tek pdaTkNa tWPtBaeb otrI HeC, Vbar tara inejek s
Siet iblIn ker ideC| piyaiFr mUel reyeC "rHsYmy' kayaFam PakcueySn ba "ijera peyF naij'|
piyay pdaT w pitpdaT Zugelr Vkaer Z Asd kiNka (virtual particle) pitinyt otir HeC ta
Haejnbaegr Aincyta t AnuZayI pa Dbekr pirsImar meDY iblIn Hey Zay|

"rHsYmy' SUnY Si ikba BYakyam PakcueySenr obaink iBiiF geR efeC

Haejnbaegr ibKYat Aincyta ter kaeD Br ker| 1927 sael jaman pdaTibd
wyanar Haejnbag gainitkBaeb pmaN ker dKan Z, kan br Aban b
Brebg Zugp ksaeT inict Baeb inNy kra sb ny| br Aban ifk fak mt
mapet gel dKa Zaeb, Brebegr tTY ZaeC Hairey, Vbar Brebg culecra Baeb
pirmap kret gel br Aban Ajana Tek Zaeb| kaej Haejnbaegr sU
sitY Hey Takel, mnik prm SUenYw kiF kNar "PakcueySn' bjay Takar kTa,
karN kNaiF incl Hey Zawyar AT Heb r Aban b Brebg se Vmaedrek
inict tTY jainey dwya, Za pkarer Haejnbaegr Aincyta ter lGn|
BYakyam PakcueySn pKIraj GaRar mt kan rpkTar jIb ny, ny kbl
gainitk ibmUt mtbad; ibanIra ik bYbHairkBaeb r pmaN peyeCn| kiF

pmaN HeC "lYa iSPF', Za ViHt prmaNur mDYit dueFa er Sir tartmY pkaS
ker| teb kayaFam PakcueySenr sbecey jardar pmaN pawya geC ibKYat
"kaisimerr pBab' Tek| 1948 sael hac pdaTibd HnirK kaisimr beln,
kayaFam PakcueySn sitY Hey Takel dueFa Datb pat Kub kaCakaiC Vna Hel dKa
Zaeb tara ek AnYek DIer DIer VkxN kereC| r karN HeC, Datb pat elar
mDYkar sIN aniFet BYakyam PakcueySenr Pel Kub c kpaer tiRcumbkIy
"mah'-r b GeF Za Datb patelaek ek Aperr idek VkxeN baDY kreb|
bYapariF prbtIet maks pYaeN, iB lemara pmuK ibanIedr prIQay
pmaiNt Hy|

ic 2 : kaisimr eP: kayaFam PakcueySenr kiF prIQal bab pmaN| duiF smaral Datb paetr sttW

srN Tek kayaFam PakcueySenr pmaN pawya geC| iFB lemara (btmaen ls AYamals nYaSnal
lYaberFrIet kmrt) bYbt daln iney prIQa-inrIQar smy sbpTm r san pan|

teb wUqb pTem Z Baeb BYakyam PakcueySenr mDY idey mHaibS siF HeyeC bel
DarNa keriCeln, taet bS ikCu smsYa iCl| pTmtW piyay 1300 kaiF bCr
Vegkar piTbIr ebr sabnaiF Kub km| karN PakcueySnela saDarNt Hy
Kub AayI| s iHeseb kiF PakcueySn pay 1300 kaiF bCr iFek Takar sabna
pay Asb bYapar blet Heb| Vsel PakcueySenr aiyt ba jIbnkal inBr ker
r Berr pr| Br Zt bR Heb, PakcueySenr jIbnIkal tt km Heb| dKa geC
kiF PakcueySnek trS kaiF bCr iFek Taket Hel r Br 10-65 gaemr ceyw
CaF Het Heb, Za kiF elkFenr Berr 1038 N CaF| Vr itIytW mHaibS
Zid SUnYaba (empty space) Tek siF Hey Taek, teb pS Tek Zay- Videt
s SUnYaba ba ela kaTa Tek (VnFaenr VepiQk t AnuZayI, ps ba
SUnYabak ik dS kaelr btar pirmaep pkaS kra Hy)| pTm smsYaiFr
smaDan iFyn inej ideyiCeln| iFyn VepiQkt ibeSx delr (Zmn pdaTibd
ipFar bagmYan) saeT s smy Velacna ker bueJiCeln, kiF Vb mHaibeS
vNatMk maDYakxN Si DNatMk Br Siek iniy ker dy| ATa mHaibeS
maFSir pirmaN (b Sir smtulY pdaeTr pirmaN) SUnY 2 | ATa BrSUnY
Aba Tek Zaa r krel kiF PakcueySn AsImkal iFek Takeb|
1982 sael Velkjadar iBelin (Alexander Vilenkin) itIy smsYaiFr kiF
smaDan dwyar cFa kern Baeb - mHaibS sF HeyeC kayaFam PakcueySenr mDY
idey VQirk AeT "SUnY' Tek - teb SUnYaba Du "pdaTibHIn' SUnYaba ny,
br ssaeT smySUnYta b anSUnYtaw beF| iBelin kayaFam Faenil r
DarNaek wUyenr r ter saeT jueR idey bleln, mHaibS Zaa r kereC k
SUnY jYaimit (empty geometry) Tek b kayaFam Faenil r mDY idey eairt
HeyeC ASUnY Vbay (non-empty state) Vr AbeSex nePSenr mDY idey bluenr
mt Vkaer beR Vjekr Abaen es daiReyeC 3 |
2

Vb mHaibeS maF Si Z SUnY Taek ta iFyenr smy ibanIra janetn| Zmn ibKYat pdaTibd l ih lYaha b
m ilPiHs 1962 sael lKa "The Classical Theory of Fields' pafY bey iF bYaKYa keriCeln| ik iFyn
sbtW s se Abgt iCeln na|
PIit ba nePSn ter VibBaebr pr VDuink pdaTiban Kub pirarBaeb Vmaedr diKeyeC mHaibeS maF Sir
pirmaN SUnY; mHaibeSr maF gitSi b maDYakxeNr vNatMk Si prprek iniy ker dy| smeyr ibKYat
jYaitpdaTibanI iFePn Hik tar bl pcairt "ibP iHiF Ab Fam' - sudrBab eLK kereCn (New York:
Bantam, 1988, p. 129.) | r maen HeC mHaibS "siF'r jnY baer Tek Vlada kan Si VmdanI krar peyajn
Hy in| sHj kTay, nePSn GFaet Zid Sir nIF bYy Zid SUnY Hy, teb baer Tek kan Si VmdanI krar peyajn
peR na| AYalan T b FnHaF in iPij janael (1989) diKeyeCn, nePSenr jnY kan tapgtIy kaejr
drkar peR na|
3

Alexander Vilenkin, "Creation of Universe from Nothing" Physics letters 117B (1982) 25-28 dKun|

ic 3 : (k) per, Velkjadar iBelin paibt mehel DarNa kra Hy, mHaibS Zaa r kereC k SUnY

jYaimit Tek b kayaFam Faenil r mDY idey eairt HeyeC ASUnY Vbay Vr AbeSex nePSenr
mDY idey bluenr mt Vkaer beR Vjekr Abaen es daiReyeC, (K) nIec, kayaFam Faenil, kayaFam
blibdYa pmaN kereC Z kiF kiNka baDar (Sir) pacIr Bd ker birey Zet paer, b sabna
pirpameZagY|

iBelienr dwya prm SUenYr DarNaiFek (absolute nothingness) VtM kra

Vmaedr jnY kFu kifn beF! karN Vmra nYaba ba psek sbsmy pCenr
pFBUim iHeseb ica ker esiC- bYapariF Vmaedr Aietr saeT mnBaeb imeS
geC Z ek menr Vina Tek ek taRaena pay Asb bYapar| maC Zmn jl
CaRa inejr Ait kpna kret paer na, ifk tmin ps b smy CaRa kan
GFnapbaeHr sgfn Zn Vmaedr mans-kpNar baer| teb kiF paey
"AYabsuluF naiTens'-r DarNaiFek buJbar cFa kra Zet paer| Zid puera
mHaibSiFek ssIm Vytenr kiF Vb Q iHeseb ica kra Hy, b r Vytn
Zid DIer DIer kimey SUenY naimey Vna Zay, teb paik bYaparFaek "AYabsuluF
naiTens' iHeseb Der nwya Zet paer| Vmra CibiFek Vmaedr manspeF kpNa
kret pair Vr na pair, iBelin ik pmaN kereCn, "AYabsuluF naiTens'r DarNa gainitkBaeb susaiyt, Vr DarNaiFek "siFr' xalg iHseb pyag
kra Zet paer|
CaRa 1981 sael iFePn Hik b jms HaFil iBBaeb smsYaiFr smaDan
kern| taedr mehl pdaTibaenr jget "na baharI' pabna iHeseb iciHt Hey
VeC 4 | iBelin paibt mehelr meta mehliFw pakitkBaeb (ATa kan
Drenr Sirk HeQp CaRa) mHaibeSr bek bYaKYa kreC| teb Hik-HaFil
mehelr saeT iBelienr mehelr paTkY Hl, Hik-HaFil mehel iBelienr meta
"prm SUnY'-r DarNa gHN krar drkar n|
tarpr Avwki `kK AYaeln T b ilehr klYaeN xwZ Zi Avwefvei ci
_KB e wevbx cv_wgK KvqvUvg dvKPzqkbi aviYvK xwZ Zi mv_ Ryo w`q
gWj ev cwZic wbgvY KiQb| g~jZt xwZ-ZK mvcwZKKvj ek wKQy cixvi
gyLvgywL nZ nqQ, Ges mejvZB GB Z AZ mvdji mv_ G ch DxY
nqQ| 5

James B. Hartle and Stephen W. Hawking, "Wave Function of the Universe," Physical
Review D28 (1983): 2960-75.
5
wevwiZ Z_i Rb The Inflationary Universe: The Quest for a New Theory of Cosmic Origins, Alan
H. Guth, Perseus Books Group (March 1, 1998) dKun|

Ve ileh (baey) b AYalan T (haen) : PIit ter du paNpurx

Vsel nePSn ba PIit iney Ve ileh Vr tar dlbelr sapitk gebxNar

PlaPl Zid sitY Hey Taek teb sitYkar AeT s ibg bYa - Zar mDY
idey mHaibS otrI HeyeC bel DarNa kra Hy, taek ibday janaenar smy es
igeyeC| karN, sapitk gebxNa bleC, ibg bYa idey mHaibeSr r ny, br
mHaibeSr r HeyeC nePSn idey| ATa, ibgbYa r per nePSenr maDYem
mHaibS otrI (Za ikCuidn Vegw sitY bel Baba Ht) Hyin, br nePSenr
PlSitet ik ibgbYa HeyeC, tarpr sF HeyeC Vmaedr mHaibS | Ve ilehr
kTay 6 :
"Inflation is not a part of big-bang theory as we thought 15 years ago. On
the contrary, the big-bang is the part of inflationary model'

Vrw mjar bYapar Hl, w nePSenr Pel Du Z kbar ibgbYa ba

mHaibeParN GeFeC ta ik ny, rkm ibg bYa ik Hajar Hajar, kaiF kaiF
mnik AsIm-sKYkbar GFet paer; otrI Het paer AsKY "pekF mHaibS'| Vmra
sbtW mn kiF pekF-mHaibeS Aban kriC baikelar Ait se at na
Hey ( ibxyiFek "maliFBas' bla Hy)| nIecr CibiF dKel ilehr sapitk
PIit tiF (ZiFr namkrN kra HeyeC Chaotic inflation) ik blet caeC se
Hyt ikCuFa DarNa pawya Zaeb|
6

Self Reproducing Inflationary Universe, Andrei Linde, Scientific American, 1998

Picture Courtesy: Scientific American

dKa ZaeC, t AnuZayI kwiFk nePSenr Pel siF HeyeC AsKY spsairt
buud (expanding Bubbles) b pitiF spsairt bud Vbar jnM ideyeC k
kiF "ibg-bYa'-r| Vr s k kiF ibg-bYa pireSex jnM ideyeC k kiF
pekF mHaibeSr| Vmra Drenr kiF pekF mHaibeS bas kriC| t Vj
Aenekr maeJ otrI kereC "siF sueKr Laes kapa' k sabjnIn daSink
Vebdenr- mHaibS Zid kan idn Dbs Hey Zayw, jIbenr mUl sa Hyt iFek
Takeb AnY kan mHaibeS, Hyt AnY kan Baeb, AnY kan pirser |
ilehr met ter smaDaniF tFa srl Z, r Veg iF ibanIedr maTay
kn Ves in ta Beb ileh inej Abak Hey igeyeCn| ileh men kern AQmtar
puera bYapariF ekbaer manisk| "ibg bYa' ter gOrbmy saPlY ibanIedr
ekbaer semaiHt ker reKiCela| sbikCu s mHaibePareNr maDYem
ksaeT siF HeyeC, Vr tar Veg ikCu iCela na, mn Babna Zn ibanIra
AenkFa tWis iHeseb gHN ker ineyiCeln keykdSk Der| ksimk
maeaweyB bYkgah riheySenr ptYQ pmaN pey Aenek Vbar ibg-bYa

iTwrIr meDY ekbaer "Serr pitCib' pZ dKet peyiCeln7 | mnik inj

ekr mt mYagaijn 1998 saelr 20 neBr spadkIy CepiCela bel
iban naik Srek pey geC!

(k) FYahah ibg-bYa mehl : ZiF men ker Ait Gn, k Abar meDY idey Vmaedr
mHaibeSr jnM HeyeC| (K) "iban Srek pey geC'- dabI ker inj-ekr kiF kKYat
pcarNa|

tarpr Ztidn geC ejna Vr "semaHenr Bab' DIer DIer iTitey eseC| Vr
tarpr ibanIra inejra deKeCn ibg bYa -r FYahah mehl Vsel sb smsYar
smaDan idet paer na| Zmn, FYahah ibg bYa t "mYageniFk menaepal' smsYar
kan smaDan idet paerin| paTimk kiNkater saeT smint kra mHaibeParN t
obduYitk-cukIy VDanZu Ait BarI ikCu kiNkar pacuZ Takbar BibxYbanI
keriCela, Za pmaiNt Hyin; blet paer in kn Vmaedr mHaibS Aitmaay PYaF ba
samtilk (1028 siFimFar el), idet paerin dIg ba Hairjn smsYar sucar
smaDanw; mnik Vmaedr mHaibS kn eta bR - smsYa smaDaenw t pT
Hairey PeleC A piTekr mt| dKa geC FYahah ibg bYa t manet igey Ait
Gn, k Abar meDY idey Zid Vmaedr mHaibeSr jnM Hey Taek, teb dKa
geC (paTimk ai Gnt Vr pYaer Gnetr smint smIkrNela gNna ker)
iF kbl ma kiF, Kub bSI Hel ma dSiF - paTimk kiNka otrI krar mt Q
otrI kret paer| Vr ta idey kjn mu-mna pafekrw maTa jbar fa Heb na,
taedr ekk jenr deH Z reyeC pay 1029iF Amntr paTimk kiNka!
blabalY, PIit t ba nePSn perr sbela smsar sucar smaDan idet
7

When the results of the Cosmic Microwave Background Explorer (COBE) satellite first became
public in 1992, mission scientist George Smoot remarked, "If you're religious, it's like looking at
God". The media loved it. One tabloid front page showed the face of Jesus outlined on a blurry
picture of the cosmos; Ref. Has Science Found God?, Victor Stenger, http://www.muktomona.com/Articles/vstenger/has_science_found_god50106.htm

pereC| mnik sapitk gebxNay iF ter saeTw ek smint kra geC 8 Za

ibanIedr AcIer ibSbaehr kiF cURa t pawyar bYapaer VSabadI ker
tueleC| AYaeln T, Zaek "nePSn ter jnk' iHeseb AiBiHt kra Hy, tar dY
nePSnair inBas bey ibSsiFek kiF "VliFemF i la' iHeseb AiBiHt
ker beln,
Most important of all, the Question of the Origin of the matter in the
Universe is no longer thought to be beyond of science. If inflation is
correct, then the inflationary mechanism is responsible for creation of
essentially all the matter and energy in the Universe. After two thousand
years of scientific research, it now seems likely that Lucretius (who said
Nothing can be created from nothing) was wrong. Conceivably,
everything can be created from nothing. And everything might include a
lot more than what we can see. In the context of inflationary cosmology, it
is fair to say that Universe is the ultimate free lunch!

Aenk ibanI b daSinekra men kern, kayaFam PakcueySenr DarNar saeT

smint kra nePSn t ZKn ekbaer SUnY Tek ibSsiFr kiF pakitk b
ZOik smaDan idet pareC, tKn mHaibS "siF'r pCen kan buidI saek
kpna kra sbt kiF "baRit HaepaiTiss' CaRa Vr ikCu ny|
pera pbiF kFu pirbitt Vkaer maisk saeys wyahr ihesr sKYay (bx 5, sKYa
60, ihesr 2006) "nePSn iTwir : FYahah ibg bYa mehelr ibday ik teb Vs?'
iSeranaem pkaiSt HeyiCl|
pbiFr pr saeys wyaehr k pafekr pitiya pRun : Kaen |

AiBij ray, pSay pekOSlI b iban lKk| pkaiSt g : "Vela Haet cilyaeC
VDaerr ZaI'| eml : charbak_bd@yahoo.com ;

Current understanding of inflation, Andrei Linde, New Astronomy Reviews 49 (2005) 3541