Nu c im sinh vt trong mi bc hnh ?

Cng loi
Cng khng gian sng
C quan h rng
buc (m - con;
c ci ) qua
nhiu th h
C vn gen chung
QUN TH
SINH VT
L G?
CHNG III : DI TRUYN HC QUN TH
BI: 16
CU TRC DI TRUYN CA QUN TH
I. Cc c trng di truyn ca qun th.
Cc c trng ca qun th giao phi l g?
Dn tc Vit Nam
Cng khng gian sng
(lnh th)
Quan h rng buc
(4000 nm)
Nhng ngi Vit Nam
Hnh thi Tr tu
Bn lnh
H gen Vit Nam
(Genomic)
Kiu hnh, kiu gen
dn tc VN tuy a
dng, nhng c t l
c trng, phn bit
vi cc dn tc khc
Hnh thi, tr tu, bn
lnh ngi VN, do 1 s
gen in hnh chi phi
Tn s cc alen ny v
t l cc kiu gen do
chng to ra, c
trng cho dn tc VN
CHNG III : DI TRUYN HC QUN TH
BI: 16
CU TRC DI TRUYN CA QUN TH
I. Cc c trng di truyn ca qun th
Mi qun th c mt vn gen c trng, cc c trng di truyn
ca qun th th hin qua tn s cc alen in hnh, t l cc kiu gen
c trng ca qun th .
V d (SGK). Mt vn u H Lan c: 500 cy kiu gen AA,
200 cy kiu gen Aa v 300 cy kiu gen aa. Tnh t l mi loi KG,
tn s mi alen v xc nh cu trc di truyn ca qun th?
Vn gen ca qun th l tp hp ton b cc alen m qun th
c c ti thi im xc nh, s lng alen ny l cc ln v
lun thay i. V vy, trn thc t ta khng th xc nh c tn
s ca tt c cc alen, m ch c th xc nh tn s ca 1 s alen
in hnh, 1 s KG c trng m ta ang quan tm.
Ta c th vit : 500(AA) + 200(Aa) + 300(aa) = 1000 cy.
T l kiu gen AA = 500 : 1000 = 0,5.
T l kiu gen Aa = 200 : 1000 = 0,2.
T l kiu gen aa = 300 : 1000 = 0,3.
Cu trc di truyn ca qun th: 0,5AA + 0,2Aa + 0,3aa = 1,0
T l (tn s) alen A = 0,50 + 0,2/2 = 0,6
T l (tn s) alen a = 0,30 + 0,2/2 = 0,4
Tn s ca 1 alen l t l gia alen trn tng s cc alen trong
qun th (tng t vi tn s ca 1KG). V vy gi tn s hay t l
l ty thuc trng hp c th.
Th no l qun th t th
phn?
II. CU TRC DI TRUYN CA QUN TH T TH PHN
V QUN TH GIAO PHI GN
1. Qun th t th phn.
V d (SGK). Gi s mt qun th cy u H Lan c KG Aa t th
phn. Hy xc nh t l cc loi kiu gen AA; Aa; aa sau 1, 2, 3,
n th h?
S t th phn v t l d hp, ng hp t P n F
n
?
1
1
(50%)
2
| |
|
\ .
1
1
1 (50%)
2
| |

|
\ .



F
1
:
p: Aa x Aa
Ta c :
D hp ng
hp
0,0(0%) 1,0(100%)
1 2 1
AA + Aa + aa
4 4 4

F
1
:
1
(AA x AA)
4
+
1
(Aa x Aa)
2
+
1
(aa x aa)
4
F
2
:
1
AA
4
+
1
2
1
aa
4
+
1
AA
8
1
AA
4
1
Aa
4
1
aa
8
1
aa
4
+ + + +
3
AA
8
1
Aa
4
3
aa
8
+ +
1 2 1
AA + Aa + aa
4 4 4
| |
|
\ .
2
1
(25%)
2
| |
|
\ .
2
1
1 (75%)
2
| |

|
\ .

F
2
:
3
8
(AA x AA)
1
4
(Aa x Aa)
3
(aa x aa)
8
+ +
3
AA
8
1
4
3
aa
8
+ +
+ +
1 2 1
AA + Aa + aa
4 4 4
| |
|
\ .
F
3
:
3
AA
8
1
AA
16
1
Aa
8
3
aa
8
1
aa
16
+ +
7
AA
16
1
Aa
8
7
aa
16
+ +
3
1
(12, 5%)
2
| |
|
\ .
3
1
1 (87, 5%)
2
| |

|
\ .

F
1
:
F
2
:
F
3
:
P:
Th h T l d hp T l ng hp
1
1
2
n
| |

|
\ .
1,0(100%) 0,0(0%)
1
1
(50%)
2
| |
|
\ .
1
1
1 (50%)
2
| |

|
\ .
2
1
(25%)
2
| |
|
\ .
2
1
1 (75%)
2
| |

|
\ .
3
1
(12, 5%)
2
| |
|
\ .
3
1
1 (87, 5%)
2
| |

|
\ .
T l ng hp tri(AA) lun bng t l ng hp ln(aa).
Ta c:

lim
n
n
F

=
1
2
n
| |
|
\ .
0(0%) =
lim
n
n
F

=
1
1
2
n
| |

|
\ .
1(100%) =
1
1 -
2
2
n
| |
|
\ .
2 1
2 .2
n
n

=
1
2 1
2
n
n+

=

F
n
(AA = aa)


=
1
2
n
| |
|
\ .
Fn (Aa) = Fn (AA+ aa) =
II. CU TRC DI TRUYN CA QUN TH T TH PHN
V QUN TH GIAO PHI GN
1. Qun th t th phn.
Khi t th phn lin tip nhiu th h, thnh phn kiu gen
ca qun th thay i nh th no?
Khi t th phn lin tip nhiu h, t l KG d hp gim dn,
t l KG ng hp tng dn.
ngha ca hin tng t th phn trong t nhin v sn xut
ging?
Trong t nhin, qun th t th phn bao gm nhiu dng thun
v cc KG khc nhau. Trong sn xut ging, c th t th phn
bt buc nhng cy giao phn khi cn to dng thun.
Th no l giao phi gn? Khc vi t th phn c im
no?
Trong chn nui, giao phi gn c ngha g? Trong lut hn nhn
v gia nh, ti sao li cm kt hn gn?
vt nui, a s l hu tnh giao phi, d cc c th gn v
huyt thng n u vn l nhng KG khc nhau. Tuy nhin s
ging nhau v KG, giao phi gn d to ra cc cp gen ng hp,
trong chn nui tnh trng do gen quy nh l thun chng,
trong hn nhn ngi, s t hp cc gen ln c hi thnh cp
lm xut hin tnh trng xu
2. Qun th giao phi gn.
Mt qun th t th phn c KG l Bb. Tnh t l KG d hp,
ng hp v t l KG ng hp ln th h th 5?
p dng cng thc:
F
5
(Bb) =
F
5
(BB + bb) =
5
5
1 1 1
0.031259( 3,1%)
2 2 32
| |
= = = ~
|
\ .
5
1 1
1 1 0.96875( 96,9%)
2 32
| |
= = ~
|
\ .
F
5
(BB = bb)


5
5 1
2 1 31
0.484375( 48,4%)
2 64
+

= = = ~
Tr li cu hi v lm bi tp tr 70
SGK.