Partial Differential Equatio (PDE)

Partial Differential Equation (PDE)

Partial Differential Equatio (PDE)
l h s khuch tn (lin quan n s i lu )
c l tc truyn sng
M PHNG V M
Ni Dung
I. Phng php sai phn hu hn
II. Phng php phn t hu hn
III. ng dng PDE tool trong Matlab
IV.S dng phn mm ANSYS
Gii thiu
Phng trnh vi phn o hm ring (Partial
differential equations -PDEs) xut hin trong tt
c cc lnh vc ca khoa hc k thut.
Phn ln cc qu trnh vt l trong thc t c
biu din bi cc phng trnh vi phn o hm
ring.

PDE EQUATION
ELLIPTIC EQATION
Phng trnh trn gi l phng trnh Helmholtz

Nu g(x, y) = 0 th gi l phng trnh poisson

g(x, y) = 0 and f (x, y) = 0. th gi l phng trnh laplace
FINITE DIFFERENCE METHOD
FINITE DIFFERENCE METHOD
3
2 3 4
3
3
2 3 4
3
2 4
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1 1
( ) ( ) ( )
2! 3!
1 1
( ) ( ) ( )
2! 3!
( ) ( ) 2 ( ) ( )
( ) 2 ( ) ( )
U
x
U
x
U
x
U U
U x x U x x x x O x
x x
U U
U x x U x x x x O x
x x
U x x U x x U x x O x
U x x U x U x
x
U
x
x
c c
A = A + A A + A
c c
c c
+ A = + A + A + A + A
c c
+ A + A = + A + A
+
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
~
c
A + A
A
FINITE DIFFERENCE METHOD
DISCRETIZATION OF ELIPTIC EQUATION
LAPLACE EQUATION
BOUNDARY CONDITION
iu kin bin Dirichlet (function value fixed)
BOUNDARY CONDITION
iu kin bin Neumann
BOUNDARY CONDITION
BOUNDARY CONDITION
Nh vy vi iu kin bin Neumann ta c:
DISCRETIZATION OF LAPLACE EQUATION
BOUNDARY CONDITION
RESULT
clear all
clc
Lx=4;
Ly=4;
N=20;
dy=Ly/N;
dx=Lx/N;
rx=dx^2/(2*(dx^2+dy^2));
ry=dy^2/(2*(dx^2+dy^2));
step=500
for i=1:N+1
for j=1:N+1
u0(i,j)=0;
ut(i,j)=0;
end
end

Chng trnh gii gn ng phng trnh Laplace
for i=1:N+1
x(i)=(i-1)*dx;
y(i)=(i-1)*dy;
end
ut(1,:)=exp(y).*cos(0)-exp(0).*cos(y);
ut(N+1,:)=exp(y).*cos(4)-exp(4).*cos(y);
ut(:,1)=exp(0).*cos(x')-exp(x').*cos(0);
ut(:,N+1)=exp(4).*cos(x')-exp(x').*cos(4);
figure(1)
surf(x, y, ut)


Chng trnh gii gn ng phng trnh Laplace
Chng trnh gii gn ng phng trnh Laplace
for k=1:step
for j=2:N
for i=2:N
ut(i,j)=rx*(u0(i+1, j)+u0(i-1,j))+ry*(u0(i,j+1)+u0(i,j-1));
end
end
u0=ut;
end
figure(2)
[x,y]=meshgrid(0:Lx/N:Lx, 0:Ly/N:Ly);
surf(x, y, ut)


Bi tp ng dng
Tnh phn b nhit trong dy in tr c thit
din ngang nh hnh v (a=1.5 cm, b=1cm).
Bit phn b nhit tun theo phng trnh
poisson nh sau:


a
b
Q=400J/cm-s
K=0.4J/cm-s-c
Vi
Khi x= y chng ta c:
1 1 + +
A + =
k
ij
k
ij
k
ij
T T T
Start
Input parameters
Culculate Tij
Error <
yes
No
Display results or Save
End
Algorithm scheme

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
0
0.5
1
1.5
0
50
100
20
20
2
0
2
0
20
20
2
0
40 40
4
0
40
40
4
0
6
0
60
6
0
60
6
0
8
0
8
0
80
8
0
1
0
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
0
0.5
1
1.5
T
x
y
The distribution of Temperature
N=40, va N=80 Step=500
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0
0.5
1
1.5
0
20
40
60
80
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0
0.5
1
1.5
0
5
10
15
20
N=40 va N=80, step=2000
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0
0.5
1
1.5
0
20
40
60
80
100
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0
0.5
1
1.5
0
20
40
60
80
N=40 va 80 Step =3000
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0
0.5
1
1.5
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0
0.5
1
1.5
0
20
40
60
80
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0
0.5
1
1.5
0
20
40
60
80
100
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0
0.5
1
1.5
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
PARABOLIC PDE (1D)
PARABOLIC PDE 1D
PARABOLIC PDE
APPLICATION
th phn b nhit
Chng trnh
L=1
t0=0.1;
N=100; M=20;
dt=t0/N;
dx=L/M;
U0(1,1)=0;
U0(M,1)=0;
x(1)=0;
x(M+1)=1;
r=dt/dx^2;
for j=1:N
for i=1:M+1
x(i)=(i-1)*dx; U(i,j)=0;
end
end


for i=1:M
U(i, 1)=sin(pi*x(i));
end

for j=2:N+1
for i=2:M
U(i, j)= r*(U(i+1, j-1)+ U(i-1, j-1)) +(1-2*r)*U(i,
j-1);
end
end
[x, t]= meshgrid(0:dx:L, 0:dt:t0);
surf(t, x, U')
XLabel( 'Toa do x')
YLabel( 'Thoi gian t')
ZLabel ('Nhiet Do')

Bi tp
1)
2)
3)
BOUNDARY CONDITION
iu kin bin Neumann
2
1 1
2
t
u u
e
x
t
t

=
A
2
1 1
2 . .
t
u u x e
t
t

= A
( )
( )
2
1
0 1 1 0
. 2 . . 1 2
k k k k
t
r x e r
u u u u
t
t
+

= + A +
( )
( )
2
1
0 1 1 0
. 2 . . 1 2
k k k k
t
r x e r
u u u u
t
t
+

= + A +
Two-Dimensional Parabolic PDE
( ) ( )
1
, , 1 , 1 1, 1, ,
2 2
k k k k k k k k
x y i j i j ij i j i j ij i j i j
u u u u u u u u r r
+
+ +
= + + + +
APPLICATION
th phn b nhit
T=150
T=500
th phn b nhit
T=2000
T=5000
Chng trnh
clear all
clc
Lx=4;
Ly=4;
N=40;
T=5000;
dy=Ly/N;
dx=Lx/N;
dt=10;
a=1.e-4;
rx=a*dt/dx^2;
ry=a*dt/dy^2;

for i=1:N+1
for j=1:N+1
u0(i,j)=0;
ut(i,j)=0;
end
end
for i=1:N+1
x(i)=(i-1)*dx;
y(i)=(i-1)*dy;
end

ut(1,:)=exp(y).*cos(0)-exp(0).*cos(y);
ut(N+1,:)=exp(y).*cos(4)-exp(4).*cos(y);
ut(:,1)=exp(0).*cos(x')-exp(x').*cos(0);
ut(:,N+1)=exp(4).*cos(x')-exp(x').*cos(4);
figure(1)
surf(x, y, ut)


for k=1:T/dt
for i=2:N
for j=2:N
ut(i,j)=rx*(u0(i+1, j)-2*u0(i,j)+u0(i-1,j))+ry*(u0(i,j+1)-2*u0(i,j)+u0(i-1,j))+u0(i,j);
end
end
u0=ut;
end
figure(2)
[x,y]=meshgrid(0:Lx/N:Lx, 0:Ly/N:Ly);
surf(x, y, ut)

HYPERBOLIC PDE
iu kin bin
Discretization
X0=0 Xf t=0 t=T
Ti k=0 ta c






iu kin n nh nghim
V d phng trnh HYPERBOLIC 1 chiu
0 x 1
V d phng trnh HYPERBOLIC 1 chiu
V d phng trnh HYPERBOLIC 1 chiu
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
V d phng trnh HYPERBOLIC 1 chiu
clear all
L=1;
T=1;
N=100;
dx=L/N;
dt=T/2/N;
r=dt/dx;
u=zeros(N+1,2*N+1);
for i=1:N+1
x(i)=(i-1)*dx;
u(i,1)=x(i)*(1-x(i));
end

for i=1:2*N+1
t(i)=(i-1)*dt
end
for i=2:N
u(i,1)=x(i)*(1-x(i));
u(i, 2)= 0.5*r*(u(i+1, 1)+u(i-1, 1))+(1-r)*u(i,1);
end;
for k=2:2*N
for i=2:N
u(i,k+1)=r*(u(i+1, k)+u(i-1, k))+2*(1-r)*u(i,k)-u(i, k-1);
end
end;
surf(x, t, u')



HYPERBOLIC PDE 2D
Discretization
Discretization
iu kin n nh
APPLICATION
Discretization
x=2/20; y=2/20 t=2/20
0
1
2
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
-0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
t=0
0
1
2
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
t=2
0
1
2
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
-0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
t=0
0
1
2
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
t=2
Chng trnh 2D
clear all;
clc
L=2;T=2;N=30;dx=L/N;dy=L/N;A=1/4;dt=T/N/2;
rx=A*(dt/dx)^2; ry=A*(dt/dy)^2;
r=4*A*dt*dt/(dx*dx+dy*dy);
k1=N*2;
for i=1:N+1
x(i)=(i-1)*dx;
y(i)=(i-1)*dy;
end
k=1;

Chng trnh 2D
for i=1:N+1;
for j=1:N+1
if ((i==1)|(j==1)|(j==(N+1))|(i==(N+1)))
u(i,j,1)=0;
else
u(i,j,1)=0.1*sin(pi*x(j)/2)*sin(pi*y(i));
end
end
end
k=2;
for i=2:N
for j=2:N
u(i,j,k)=1/2*(rx*(u(i, j+1,1)+u(i, j-1, 1))+ry*(u(i+1,j, 1)+u(i-1,j, 1)))+2*(1-rx-
ry)*u(i,j, 1);
end
end

Chng trnh 2D
for k=3:k1
for i=2:N
for j=2:N
u(i,j, k)=rx*(u(i, j+1,k-1)+ u(i, j-1, k-1))+2*(1-rx-ry)*...
u(i,j, k-1)+ry*(u(i+1,j, k-1)+u(i-1,j, k-1))-u(i,j, k-2);
end
end
end
subplot(2,1,1)
surf(x, y, u(:,:,1));
axis([0 2 0 2 -0.2 0.2])
title 't=0'
k=2;
subplot(2,1,2)
surf(x, y, u(:,:,k1));
axis([0 2 0 2 -1 1])
title 't=2'


Finite Element Method FEM)
Phng php phn t hu hn (Finite Element
Method FEM) l mt phng php s c bit c
hiu qu tm dng gn ng ca n hm cha bit
trong min xc nh V ca n. Tuy nhin, FEM
khng tm dng xp x ca n hm trn ton min V
m ch tm trong tng min con Ve. FEM c th p
dng cho rt nhiu bi ton k thut v nht l i vi
bi ton kt cu, trong n hm cn tm c th c
xc nh trn cc min phc tp vi nhiu iu kin
bin khc nhau.
Chia min thnh nhiu min con Ve
Finite Element Method (FEM)
Phng Php FEM gii gn ng phng trnh
PDE. Nghim gn ng ny l t hp tuyn
tnh ca cc hm th c lp. Cc hm th ny
thng thng l cc hm a thc.
minh ha chng ta s gii gn ng phng
trnh PDE sau:
y +Qy=F

Cc phng php
The Collocation Method

Cc bc gii bng phng php ny nh sau:
1. Xc nh phng trnh cn gii (v d)

2. Gi s dng hm ca nghim gn ng nh sau


Chn cc hm th y
i
(x) p lp tuyn tnh v tha
mn iu kin bin
3. Thay nghim gn ng vo phng trnh vi phn
v xc nh R(x) nh sau:



4. t R(x, C
1
, C
2
. C
i
)=0 tt c I gi tr ca x
5. Gii h phng trnh trn tm C
i
(i=1, 2, 3I)
V d
0.0
1.0
1/3 2/3



p dng iu kin bin ta suy ra:


Xc nh R(x)

Vi x=1/3 ta c
Vi x=2/3 ta c
p dng
=>Ta c F=0
Phn B Nhit
100
o
C 0
o
C
p dng PDE TOOL
C bn v PDETOOL
PDE toolbox trong matlab c th gii cc phng trnh sau
1. Elliptic PDE

Trn min
Vi iu kin bin
hu = r (Dirichlet)
(generalized Neumann)
-div(c*grad(u))+au=f
2. Parabolic PDE




iu kin bin v iu kin ban u
Hyperbolic PDE




over a domain and for a time range 0 t T
Khi ng PDETOOL

APPLICATION FOR ELLIPTIC PDE
APPLICATION FOR PARABOLIC

APPLICATION FOR HYPERBOLIC PDE