http://en.wikipedia.

org/wiki/Casting_out_nines

Addition
In each addend, cross out all 9's and pairs of digits that total 9, then add together what remains. These new values are called excesses. Add up leftover digits for each addend until one digit is reached. Now process the sum and also the excesses to get a final excess. 2 and 4 add up to 6 8+1=9 and 4+5=9; there are no digits left 2, 4, and 6 make 12; 1 and 2 make 3. 2 and 0 are 2. 7, 3, and 1 make 11; 1 and 1 add up to 2.

The excess from the sum should equal the final excess from the addends.

Subtraction
First, cross out all 9's and digits that total 9 in both minuend and subtrahend (italicized). Add up leftover digits for each value until one digit is reached. Now follow the same procedure with the difference, coming to a single digit. Because subtracting 2 from zero gives a negative number, borrow a 9 from the minuend. The difference between the minuend and the subtrahend excesses should equal the difference excess.

Multiplication
First, cross out all 9's and digits that total 9 in each factor (italicized). Add up leftover digits for each multiplicand until one digit is reached. Multiply the two excesses, and then add until one digit is reached. Do the same with the product, crossing out 9's and getting one digit.
* *

The excess from the product should equal the final excess from the factors.

8 times 8 is 64; 6 and 4 are 10; 1 and 0 are 1

Division
= r.
Cross out all 9's and digits that total 9 in the divisor, quotient, and remainder. Add up all uncrossed digits from each value to a single digits.

+
Add pen is at the end.

The dividend excess should equal the final excess from the other values.