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c o un nf i -d e n c e m t rh y c r t s i n d e v e l oo pft m De ee nf et Nn as v i gS aa tt i eo lnl i t e ( D N S S t)he. esm st ue da ide ds r ea sv sa er oide f t y d e r s t a tfn h due inn dg e sr yl y s i mod me l s .t e T c hh eno ifcq ou me p o ab r si ne tgre v is mt d p s a t ca tw i si tt hi c s h e S y sT o tn e g e t c o n f i g cu ar pa a imbo lnee se Dt iN S rSe q u i rae n med ve en nt st u a c l ol yn cproe pd ot st ao Tw oc -a I nl e- red s uc lot sm p f ur ot mem do du es lefs odd r e v em l oe (pni -.te . s, h ao n sd c o ar ep p r o aaucs nh a) c c e p t to f ng le l l ot w Vi e w( T I V Tr) a nT sh i nte . a mw eac sh o s oei nn d i ct ha D etN S rSe q m i e ec -ot sub l em ew t i t h a b A e s . s e sp rferomn g nmod ee il ns t h fe l i gt eh e st nt v i r o r ne m uge iunr eitd s a n c e - imn de ea ps u n ed - e n t t at u r n d l si a c q er o n tl w vo i s is b a l te e( il n i ot en st ort ah sae tl t e cr on na ct teeh pa t t s fr oe vuq i sru isibra el e de al lni t deh isat )t c o u ml d e n tisst uh f f i c i e nt ots ep pr eoa cur t aiths t ei eort niam n cpt o o n t r itb o us ty os rt isen ma c y.c u h eae xc i s t i n g y cl t w Tr e v o nl v a e t fur or tamhl al ey l r e o a p d e y r aTr ta i ons nsy ai st lt Wemc h. ot hs ce so n cb ee pc tai t wu sat ehs l eo w e s tr -a n i ng se t r u m( me ni stt rsaai tl ceaok nnit ndr ag j e sc t io mrwya al tasi or gn e) l y b pyr ar osd vya isrd t ea dn i dt w , a s e i i m s c o as pt p rt oma ec he Dt iN S rSe q u i r e m e n t s . ng n o c t l e a tr h ce toy h upa l rdt o tv h inde ee e m e e d a s ua rce c muo rer a n cct y o i nv t eh br ear ogo aec de t ae nas rt e a s . d T h a e b i l pi t ry o tv thiodr e e - d pi mo se i nt iso i ni tt -nhh raieen l qg ua icr ce ud r a tc wy s o a t ei spul l ois t siens s gi b l e I n e a 1 l9y 7 3 , ei n i t iaa t es tdt ouc o m cp r-a re n r ta n r ga edw a i T hI VTr a n m s ietrea m u e n t wo r w d yre u tr s o n bl y e c at uh m ei ro t r i eo ln at ot ai vu es i ses ri g n i Tf i hc ae l nt et c.r no na ct we p btr ase s oe nsd i m u l t a n ce a o pbu ai sl -i tn ir ee sl a tni oe ne S L oB aMc c ue r va act liyuo oan b- j e cT t hi vse te u s d. y s h o rtweh eosa udt al ty s se a e e ded t n ra n g e m t eo f ao su uar r t ee Sml li inet ctenhest e.s s e cw o en r coebet ep nt seb fyhi t i egr edh l am t i ov te ti oh ne ,y s a t e l l imt e e - ab sa us rey eds mt eo emm l dte e t re q f uu i tr ueArme L n s t es nt. ht SAT R A C oK n tc oe p t s c un P pre e ee d c i n c o r ps oa rt cae otl leni t sdte it oe anl lhtsa i -g ah l et i rt Tu hd hee i gr-. ah let ic t ou nd l sae t tei ol - ns se l we b ce etr ece adt hu es ye t h Ne a sv Sy t r a St ey g ti Pce rmo gs s r ftaia nmM sa y s a c h i te h vr eee qd ug il ro ce b od a v l e w r aiat sgh me a l l e ro sf na ut emT l hlbi cti es h rso .wi c aep s a m t loy t i bv yat ht ee d 1 9 7 3T .h pe r o p so ys se twde ams a s oe nda c us sa t t ode mel l is tpiega nt t ea rf n e e VTr a ns sa i t e l l i t e s , r b tT I r d i n c o ar rs es ce t s ts h msa ye sn tcteo msi nt sc r e a a sts hereedqre u dn u m o b fs e a r t e i nl reci ta e s sH do .wr, e v eb u s ti m p b l ytf hi e e d r oe af m n roye v q a u l i rf eo r m ae l n-p t toi ms i et si oe nr vi Ai cgs ei x. - 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All-in-vi G PS satellites ew (L-band signals) L-band low noise am plifier First IF and GPS signal filter S-band power am plifier

M1

M2

M issile Translator

O scillator and frequency synthesi zer (S -band signals)

p h at sr ae co k f i nG ghP eS -mt o i -s s i l e T hs ei g Pn Sa i lgspn. ha al s e t G s m e a s u (r ie. emi .n, et ene gt dsD a o t p- ps lee nr )s e c h ra a n n lgog ene s g r a e a cs hi g lni na oel fs i g t ho at s m f ar al l c o t fiao wn a v e (l ie . ea .g , t h n f e m i l l i m T eh tems r ees )a .ms ue r ne t - s ,a rc e o wm h piwca ihtrt heh ed i r w e v a l uc oe m pf ru otgmud i d s e

a n cs e n d s ao t r a s a npedol lsi ti ate i no dn e vs et il mp c raiot ye is d, e t o v m o os ft h ien f o r mR a nt mo ene .a s u r e i m t he ren ct re vnd eo i s e ig n o G P S a n od e s - i cg n a l s r g

(Signal Telem et ry Station Recordin g equipm ent data) APL postprocessing facility

i s o fs e c o n d a r y I niems sp eotnrh tceae n, sci ene ne. spr tor ivoa si -ld e r h i g h - f r m qo uti nieo fnnom c ya t bi oe nt ht eat rhn s e i g pn ra col e- s s e s , e rt h e o p p le r D in fo r m a t io n s e n ts he sesy s t ee mr r aao str sscao t cw i -dit t hhi ne e r t i a al nst dh ne s o r s , i e e r a n dg a ept ar o va i ndi n e i t i a l

Figure 1. SATRACK measurement concept. Signals transmitted from the Global Positioning System satellites are received at the missile, translated to another frequency, and relayed to the telemetry station, where they are recorded for later playback and postprocessing at APL.

c o n d f io ta ir ol l n d t yh ne a mm e i c s u rT eh mef ore erne-at , sn n.g oe i (s i e. e n. , o i is n et h e tr ra a n c gk ei n c ga rep st h f eu bl la n d ow tf ih dse te h l e rc a t ne od ee - c u l a t i o n ) . a r u gd mod l o o pc sa )b e s m o o o t vh teeh rdeu f l li g i nh tt eT r hv reaa l n. ng oe irse e m a a i n t i ehn pir gs r o ci ses sm s a l l e r T h t ee l e m a eat tar rey r e a c l so ofr odp r eo ds at fn l i ag Tl hy hts ei ds s .ae t a , w i G h lPo Sn pg h e amn ed r i s n f f d ta e t h ao nt hb ei ar s u - nl i kc e r t t ha sai ett th il ei ms o inat b s po lo u s t aet ci oc nu( re a. gs y.a , t pe ol l is t i et i o n ) . c l o dc ak ta a r u,e s et od p rt ro av ciadk i edi fn os tg rh p e o s rt fe l ci g ea h invt mde er a s ue r se t m m oet arh mtee i ss s i l e n i c i f nt T h SAT R A C K s tc eo mn f i g i us sr ha ot iwo n 2 . iSn i g Fnti g a .l sn s bm yGi tPt S da t ea l rl iet e pro c er. sR s ao twr a c d k ai nrf to agmt h pe o s rt ef l ci gea hir cvet oe r r ef oc rt ek dns yo sw t ne mr r( aoe tr. isgac .n, t e n n a e sy ra es s e t r a cb kyt eh dG P S r a c nk ei nt wgf o os r re k v de ar ay usl r r oi n u g nh de - i s t se i fsl e ti g T h h t te. r a c dk ai nt ag l e va er rmb e) f bo er ei pn ag s ts oe dm t hi s epro i lce er. sT s h o em i s pro i lc e e si ss o l raa rKg a e l mf i lat nh ra t e t s t m l s s e f r o t mh o i sp e r aa r tpei or on c et osd s ee r sdi va et e lpl iht ee m ne dcr il od e ks t i m t ha hat eta sv e h i g h t he soe tp e ro ant he resa gw u i d a en ncmse oe rera m ude an stt au p pb l yime di s t se i l ry. mWi et thth e d s ae at an d a c s s e p o s as ci bc l ue r a c ty h me i s f sl di gli eunh rt tien Tr gvh eae p . eh m e ar ind cdel os ec sk t i ma raue t se ebs dyt h e s a t e lpl i ht e am n ecd lr oi sec sk t i mt h a pe t re o s c , ce os m o prt hu ete ex sp e s c a t te emd l l ei t ae ms ue r ne tl s d a ta . p o s rt ef lci ge hi vm e irsp sar inol ed t eop s r so otv hi Se A T R A C K pt odar u cf to es r a fc l hi g h t . t c rd ed a T h e e s x e p e d c a tate acde o m pt ota hr e d as ac t ue al leilretae m u ea nn t dsh ,oe brvs eed d ir-f ef e n care s u s e d r m s e D u r t i hn mg i s sf l i i l ge h i tn , - v Ge PwSl al t s e i gl l inat ar rel es c e ai vt h m i s ts r i al e n , st ol Sa -t e d t od r it vh feei l mod ret oal b e e s st -i m o a ft th eue n d e gr uy i idn modn ecerro r s . e i as e ed e te l ag e l b a na dn ,rde t r a n t os t mh sei u t refs adt ca etTi oh ner . a ne sdGa Pt S i g na ar rel es c o vw e i tr he sed a m e A s s u m h itanh tgde a pt ar o c eh s a snsi on i tdg e n t si fy i es td ea ma i l.t e a. ,n e r rc oo r m p w ne el l n t t t l -s t f u( o s t a t t r i ao cn ak ni nt eg un sn efa od r t h am l l i s ts e i l e smi g e nTt arh ylt esr .a n G lPa S ei g ddn a tl as e p a a r re a ot eu dt si t ei sd x ep e p c et er f do r m h pae rn o c c e ed ) s,a st ea ed af f rcl oihgt meh ast rtu e s et od p r o v i do m a j oe rs t i m a t e s e s st t fe i n tr oa n s ga efa e n t ady c c uo r pa ec ry aT th i ro a n nss ga. ef eu tn y cprot i co en s s l eo r-w a ec ct uhG rePa S i yg -a l s c o n r - i b tu o it m r ps ma ci sFt si g. 3 rs eh o a wh sy p o dt hi a eg tu ri sca eam oda l l o cc oa nt et r i b oiu m t i po an cs t e s sc n t o u tl t t op r o va ri de ea l -t tr iam c s keo i nl u fg tot i ho r ena n c go em m T ah need a. l a- t ci m u fe ru a n c c iy st i op nr ob vy i d em d i Ts h m e ti hs b a s oe nd r o j ee ca t cei nhr crg o rn ut rt aiobnr -i d us n c e ir nt at ohi ni emt y p da oc m a i n . r r c s .e od p t t s i m s pa l m ap nl ir dne gc o r dGi nP gsS i g n(t iha. el bs. ,y s a m pt hl isen i g na ata lrs a tt he a t y T hf er s ta - l el o v c iesaal tt i ho s enu b s ly e s v(t e n lmi to i an ld ig t iu o i nd sa ,nn dcd e p l o ay nmr de e e n nat t r y ) ; i i c ,

Real time GPS satellites GPS tracking network Orbit/clo ck determination facility

Postflight

Epheme ris and clock estimates Test missile Postflight receiver Tracking antenna System models Preamplifier Tracker corrections Missile processor

Range safety system

Translator receiver

Telemet ry receiver

SATRACK recorder

Translator recorder

Telemet ry processor

Guidance data Estimated initial conditions

Figure 2. Basic SATRACK configuration. For a number of days surrounding the missile flight, GPS signals are received, tracked, and recorded at the GPS tracking sites. During the missile flight, GPS signals are received by the missile, translated in frequency, and transmitted to the surface station(s). A tracking antenna at the station receives the missile signals, separates the various components, and records the data. The postflight process uses the recorded data to give satellite ephemerides and clock estimates, tracked signal data from the postflight receiver, and missile guidance sensor data. After the signal tracking data are corrected, all the data elements and the system models are used by the missile processor to produce the flight test data products.

Uncertainty in initial conditions estimate

Velocity Initial conditions Crossrange miss Guidance Observed impact

( 1 )g a i n i inn sg i g h wt hw a i antn st eo e df oei rm p r ao cv ce ud r a c y d a n d d 2e )v e a o na di n e gqa uc a ut er va ac y us a ts itoS nA - . ( l p c l y em T R A Ca Ksi t,e v o l ivs teh df eu, f li -l l m e n s t e c o mfn da otj hb reo j e c t SATe R. A CI pK r o v e i dtc o up lr dot hav adi dte e qe us ta i t- e m a t e s iv o fg u i d sa un bc se ye sr tr e m s o r

Impact uncertainties Uncertainty in guidance estimate

Total SATRACK uncertainty Downrange miss

Estimated SATRACK impact

Figure 3. Hypothetical example of SATRACK impact evaluation. Each error estimate provided by the SATRACK process is projected into the impact domain, showing its downrange and crossrange contribution to impact miss (the center of the coordinate system is the aim point). Uncertainties for each estimate are also projected. The estimated errors and their uncertainties are tested for statistical consistency with system models and other independently measured results (e.g., the initial conditions derived from launch area instrumentation).

f o i n d i v f il d g uI htw t lsa a .sp i r i a o n e ee rf ifinn gtr ht ba ot t h e o t r a c mk i od tgsha n td h lerag e en K a l m f i al t ne rr o c e t se s c i n -g p h n i q uw e e ps r ue s h i sn tga t e -t oh fe th e -a rt. T h se e c o n d( SAT pR hAa Cs K e I I )w aa sm a uj op rg ir nar d e p o n s e es t ot h se t r i nm g e an st ur er e- m e n t q u i r e sm e bet ynt ht sAe c c u r a c y E v a l u S a y t si ot sen tmu 5 d T h e y. s t u ed sy t a bt hl i tseo h wea edl a s py os intne s mt r u m e eqe-numt i are t ni o t n t r s f o t r h Tr i d eI I n( D 5 m iss i-l ei n e t ) a c c wo ir tsdhp a e n c c i fe i e d a c c u er v ac yl u a t i o i n c lo u bd j ei nR gtAi vCa eKsws , e l l a s o t h e r a SAT c p r e l a i un n- f clai hgnreed tn , at rr yei n a s t r u m SA-n t a t i o n . ,h e

I s 1e s e c ol en vd e r lo v d i d feoamr a ej or rg o r ro w pi tesh a i n h s ( ue b. gsa .yc, sc t ee l m rAo t mh liere dt ve er sl , T . R A CI hK a b s e eo np e r a it ni oc n9 a8 l7 . p a t s u c e ) n o s t h o iwn t nh f ei re u,pro d u ce es st i mo f au t ne mds ae -ne tr atr reom r os f g t uh ied a n c (ee . ga . n, m o d eA l g e n ue pr ag lrh aa bds e ei nn i t it ao rt ee pd l a c e g l a c c e l e sr co am la eec et eor rr Io n r ) . a S A Tt Ro An C, K o v ai dp eo sien st t i m t ah itene i ct ioa nl o - f a g i cn og m p oo nft h D 5st e s yt s t Te hmne e w f d d i- i p r eet n . d i t i oa n sda pre - d e p l oe ys m i mhe ona wr,e ei ;t pvs re i n pc ui p r api slo est veo a gl uu ai dt sea un bc se ey rr. rt oe mSAT R A C Ku nre dc o r ed qi nu gi p i mc ree rn t l y t t s gro s u T h r ee s f ur ol et ms a fc l hi gare hc th e cf oks ret tadi s- tc i oc n sl i w t iietnhnd ce y p em n ed ae osnifum rp e- a s ci nt ,i t i a li n t h f ei n s at al og cf e h s e c uk po gu rtaa, ttdh pi eno gs t a s t c o n d a t n osd ne sv o,e t rhf aae l cr t o r s . i i f l i gf ah c ti si wl i t eay ll lo an n pd, r e l i m ei ns oiagf r ny g d A s n o t pe rde y, il oi mu si t l oa tf ie o gs n e s o m i el l t rp oy r bo sh e i br ovi atfa el tl ri ori nna r snss yi n f gl i lgte eh s t t . re p l a c m mi s t ese ncsl etot m p oi snb e ng ti sn F nr- i n g . v t w o e i u H o wr, e ivn eec a fc l hi gp hr ot vo i bdr-sev esa t ioo ft nh sue n d e mr l yi s igsn uigl ied a n mod r -e l s , d at ht ae t h e r m f of hr are t vs e ef on c u f so terh dl ea s et v e r a l s e e r r co e e o b , f r o mm a f nl i ygt eh ct a sbn ec o m bT i h f ei n dc a.u l m ua l na ta i lv yf elsi git seh dst at pto arfdo u- ca eg s u i d a n cy ee oa nras n e G P S r a n s s y l sa tt oeos mru p Tr oi - r t st n w t p erro rm o d o et r hl Tr i d eWe a pS oy ns t I et cmo m bo ibn se es r fvr ao tmi o f nl i esgt aodh cet hr ai vt ae c t i c a dl l ey ren etry nbod yt e s tT i nh uge p. g r sa yd s ew ed i ml f e n t . t t l r e p r e s me ni s tgsa ult ei d ea n cb e a sme o d md epol n f tl ieg t l ehy dst ta tT a h . mod ei s lu s e d o t h e wr n i to oh t n mod e r tn h i fzea e c hi rdai twy aa n sd o f t w a r e i v c o e is ly l re s i m i l a r sl yu b ds emodi tveet eol dmd e v ep l oa pn fna i cn tg o tr osa su sswi eg edn a s py os n ae rmg e t s . y rs s t f u n c ti ti wo nai l sl ss, ou b s te a x n t teSATldRy A C K ia l n SAT R A Ch K es v o lov ve aed qr rt eac r e y. tTu hro e r i g di ne av le l of op t mh eTr ind t eI m t i s s i l p e r f o rc ma pa an bc iel i t i e s . a u n r e n e 4 ( C 4 b) e g i a en a r ni n e1 s9t 7. 4T h C 4 v e r s( SATnR A C) K a as t e c h n d o el ov ge yl o p m e n t n e io I w p r o g a r i am ma e t d

S A T R AECVKO L U T I O N
S A T R AI C K

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p arnt s To m i n i m h ipez re o b la e s ms os cw i airet thm do av n nt g p n h n aea sf ef ei n c t th spe o s t pr, r o c e r se s q o u eM ne c ai es us o.r etf h e tesw nesoti sg ny ai e l sal dm e ed a o s rfu e r fer aa cl ot tinoh gsne i g pn aa btl he t w e e n t e. t e i e f m o p p op s a i ti rae s n t eo wfn ne sarues m tmof oe rdm eo l -e mi n e t ne tr f eo rr oi em 9 e0 etf erd or esm a co ht r.h e t h me i s as ni ltdeh pe s e u d oT sh aedt seaeglt l aa t ve en s t i m tf ah ete el e c t r o pn r oi nf tidlh eer e en gso i fot yn tw nt i a. o T h t er a n s l aw t aot isr m mi ne up lut it b e e t xwt ehetdew inno t e r f e Tr ho tmi m em et eu rl tsr i .pa wtl e as x e h t i g h t h m i s f sl ii glpe ha ttT hh . pe r o wf i al te sh eu ns et od d j ou usb rt e as vt a i loa nb orees modh e wl , h wc a s p l e e s e a l p i h e n o ut og b h e to hu bet as in d d e w fti h s e i hg tn r aa lc l ok ion sp gost h a t i nb po uct hot su bl det r a c k e t dh ea np p t l oi e de st th ir me f ar at ec t i o f no e r ac cG hrPr S ac t ei o l lni t eL1- st oi g - pm a i tslT hsh .i e e rmi - a r y o dt e o se n lp s i m u l t a n e t oh use is g l ynw a e lssr tewr eh ne gn uH g o hwr,. et hv te r a c dk ai nut ags eb d y t h se y s -s t e mp s e u d so isg ainstsae i lml i ti te ah G P t S1 s i g n a ls . e c Top hn s ede u d so i sg aw taaes lslelai ttt e o n e - f o u r t h o o l l re L o n K a l mf i latwn er s r ee l e tco it ne cd l o n tery a i cn kg - f r do t ah rteea g oi o ef n a s ac hn t e wn hn teah p e h a s e t h Le1 s i g fn r ae lq u ( et hnL1ec/ 4 s i g na an li d)t w a mod u l aw t e at dh2 0 0 - Kb Ha zn d rwa ind gt h- i n g e udl m r y , s i eff e cw trese w eu l nl d od (r is. e ao. ,w frao ymt h e r ne ug li loA nl tsh ) o.t hu wi gs aha sr e a s oc no am bmpl eri so e- cod e A. n o nt ha et uur sr oe fl L1t /h4 se i g wn aaf olsSr L B rMa n s ga y.f eB tya d d ei nx gL1r/ a4 p s e u d o e t a e t w i t t hh isen ec t o n s ti tr a itl neo atd na , n t ed ne ns wa g ia tnv h e p r oy go ar o i nv a el a r r g e ( i r. et h.g ,sei op ne c i f i e ad t ea lst l ie t el e sr c a t ne s gdi te te hs ree, q u (i lr oer-wda ec c u rr ea ac lyt- tr) iamryj eme c etreoa ms uei snd ter- tme i n e d s i s g a wn a ms o t rhe a1n4 d B b e l a nwi d ei s a o l t ra on pt ec n0 nd aB , io, v 1 5 % o ft h ce o v e r a ign er e l a t to it oh nte h r oe rm o pr e e u d l o c a tTei ohl lnir i sats en. s g a e f se yt sy twe amq s u a d i fu i ere idna gr l y i o i er e s s l r e g i To hn pi)s.o g a icn o , u pw l et d l e v oe fGs P S a t se i g l inrt ea pl s r ,e a s ec nh ta ecl doe n dgf oi tnri o C 4 f l i g wh th s w,c eh er q u i pw pi bte hod t rh a l na st ao- nr Csd - b a r na ddt r aa r n s p ( oA nl t dh eto hruseag. nh g e or i h l s l l gn i e r s i g tnr a lc k i n g . s a f se yt sy ts e h ma c r oe m p o wn ieS hA tTs R A Ci tKi s,n o r mt r ae laal ytsae s d e p as yr as ta e n wd e s tn m S i g nr ea f l r a c t ito h ni eo nt ho rs opa uth hgGehrPe S r i m r e q u (L1 n=c 1 5 7 5 . 4 2H izs ) w ni l lo d t i s c i ut f rust hr. )e e p f e y M s s i g cn ai fnai -tn, i dt m u b s ect o r r ef ocprt re e d c pi so i so i nt i o n i n G Pa Sp r po lvia cisdae et ciso n sd . f r e qT uh Leea n b c oy pr ar ot ov ori dyv ee dr a l l d ti re teci och f-nno t ri hc SAT R A Cs K s ta en md e v e lao np de d g p ea l y s i g (L2 a=l 1 2 2 7 . 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p o s p f rl iog c hewt s asi nsi pn lga t cose u p tpw oCor 3 t t D A S Oe sa t ns C 4 t e sb t es g i nw n i iCnh 4 X - 1 3 . t d t g ( T h eX fl i gd he ts i g a n pa pt ilode n s v e l o p m e n t a l oi e f l i gt eh sct to s n d uf rc o ta ml ad u np ca hdI n. a) lsl ,i x e C 3r a r,d t aw C 3r a d a r / T t D Co 4M XSa r,,d s a i x o wM r C 4 X a d a r / T s Di CM 4 M- PS E,PM u c Et i vo an l u r x ( rod a t i M ni s sr ai l d )a r / T aD nMtdhM rC 4 - D A S O o e S ,e e r a d a r / T f Di gMeh Mstw tSse pr er o c ew s i st he ed l t m o d SATeRd A Cp K s tp f rl iog ch est so s f it nw g a r e . ifi o T h l ea ts ht rCe 4 Xf l i g a h n t ads lt l h C 4 - P E M / D A S O e e f l i gp hr ot sc ew s i tst hher ead d a r / Ts D sMwt eMe mS e y r a l s pro c e s ws ei ttd hh G P SATSR A C s Ky s t e m . o e / T D M M rSo c ew s ais mi n pg r oo nvCe 4df l i g b h e t -s p s y o nC d4 X - 1b 9yu s i an t gr a n s s i lg a nkt an lro, aw st nh e o p i lco atr,r fr oi te rh De o p m l ee ar s ur ra et tmh e ae r nn t p h t h t ee l e sm i ge nt ra y l . T h oe v e or rfl a pd a r / Ta Dn G PM S S e a s u r e M m d m e wn taes s x t e tn ood ve ed r tc hol eimm eni t ue m b e r d o G P S a t ea lvl i at eti lhas rb ot l hue e eg a hC l4t e s t s ; f s r y i t a l sp or o v ai dno e p d p o tr otc u o n mi t tpyh aG r P S e e p r o c er es s wiun il rtg ahs da an rda d a r / T r D -M M S e s u Il n ts h. e e s a eC l4t e st ht sf ei,n b a e le s st t i m a t e s t r y o fm i s ss yi lse p ee mr f o rwm e adr ne cr i evr eo ad t f m p r o ct eh ca sot m b t ihn dee ad ft ra o m a v a ai l al l b l e s m e t shH. o wr, e v ect he se a t se ul l rt t re oa c h e d od on pi pe t h ee x p e l ec tv eiet da s c, c u w r a s csu y f f i sc u e pn e t -l y ls i r i ot ort h rea d a r / Tt D taMh t M r Saen s ol o n ag ne yr h ew b e n f re of t imht ce o m b p i nr oi ncRge as ds .a r / T D M M S p r o c ey si es ilod nge aldyp a o r tft h t eo vt aa l l i d a t i o n n a c t ai v s i st yo w i iaSAT R A C K v e l o p m e n t . c t th e d d e I t i s e a ns yo two f o r hg oe mt u oc fth h ti es c h n o l o g y w w ay set otb ep r o vw e h nSAT R A C K v e l o p m e n t e n de s t a rGt P S . ai nsa c o n cd e e pmt o np sh t ar as e i ,o n e dw t t h me i s t s r ial en a s nl add ti go p ir to a s l t fr l ai gc hk ti n g c a p a wb ei ul ir tne i et esas nt tedh dKe ,a l mf i lapt ner o r c e s st ei n c gh nw i qe bur ee i en xg t e sn i dg en di f i c a n t l y s b e y ot hn eed x i ss t t i an tg e - oT f h- SATe R- aA rCt .K te h D e v e l oP pr om gienr nc mua ds e db s et af ftnoo t r i ta l a tl u v a l i ad al l st ep eo cfi t tas s c c u ( ri .a e cw. y, eh a tdo v a l i td h ave t a e l i d s ay ts i ot6 enI nma )d . d ti toti oh n e r a d a r / T wD o MSAT , R A Ca K c u w r a v csa y l i r kM S c d a twe idat hc o m p r es h me n ssl ayi vts ieaoennmdh e i u t t u s oe af u n i qSATe R A C eKss at t e l l i t e . u t A h a r d w a r e s - ii m - ut hl aae ct -iwli oloi ntao ysp n f d e v e t l ho papodrte ud c s e i m ud l a i tn aep df uo at rsl l d t h m a pj or or c ee s l e imn oge ft nh tse sy s tf re om m e s s o f t sw i ma r ue lo a G iP S as t m l loi tt eai on nad s f t o sn e t e ms t i s f sl i i gtl erh a t y.e T c ht soe o r f t sw i ma rue l a t i o n j p od u cGe P S a t te r l al i ct dek ai fnt i agl ei ns c, l u d i n g r ds s i m u e l ar r taoe isrfdts h , w yep r re o v i dt he Gd P S b y e e t r a c f ka icn i Tg i ht i es ssi m. u l a wt ee sdr ee tndo t a t a l e t h Ne a vS au l r fWarfcraee C e n ( tNe S W f Cpro a r o )r c e s s ( iun sg i pn rg o t os o yf tp bwe ea i rd eg v e l o p e d t ne f o SAT R A C pK e r aNt SoW tCh. eprod u cs ea dt r o i n) n e l lpi t oe s ai t ni ovd ne l oe cs i tt i ym i .aeet. ep sh e m e r i ( , d e sa )n cd l o f ci lkte h s wa te r r ee t u t r ont he Ad P L e

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s a t et r l al i tj e mc teo ar sy u tr he camot eb nect so m a- r we id t hr a r- ds el a r ti vor ae jde m c te o a r sy u f ro e r m pe r no tvst i hd eei nx gp e a c ct cey.ud Irnat h ee a dr lay yw s ce, r o s s - c eh pe hc ek dm adfet r aro iN S W wC i t h u ld p n c e sm d a f rt ao m G P tSh ea sC t oe nr St rt oa lt( it oh one f f si c y i sa tl e m a n wds oi dt uha rptc ar eo )v b i dyA e e d r o s p a c e M v a l i d p a ut ri op no s e s . r de e e Tr a n ws al ast u n icn hO ec dt o1b9e7rb7 e fao nrGey P S a t ew l le iatr eve sa i Il an e b a l Ner loy v er, m b Ce o r p o A ac ta i or aen nf .ua ol l yfa s lt il hs ae v a idl aa i bnt alde i c t ah ta eht G P S p h e em r rewo r rei sar b o u t s . 3 t i m l ea sr tg h e aer nx p e fco t re pd e r i o d C c4 oXv- 1( 8iwnGo P Ss a t e Cl i4 eX s- 1(, 9 h r e e he e rt g l t ) t t h s ea t w l al ci sthe e co k u e n dt h Tr a n ms iot td o e e r i if ty wtr hea as t tdos yu p op po er t r an t ai ov ni g a a l t i o n e it e v G P S a t e al l ni t de s4 ) X - 2( 1o G P Ss a t e f l l l i gt e h 7s tTt) sh .l ei m nt u m o bfs ea rt ea l nl i tdhe es s C , f ur i e d t u s e I rt ws .a t h es nw i t ct oht he Trd a n ms ao t da en i ,nd i t ei a sw l t es cr oe n d u ci tt heAd P t ph se e u d o sl raga r-et -t h a n - e e p eh ce etmer rdewo r eri tsrh e e d mi fc faui -j lot air el l s o;a ts hp eeo r tcf ht sse y s pt ee mr f oa r s m e d s e w L x e l l Ti t roe u. g ha 1y 9 7 8 ,a n ws a p ts r i m u as tre oi d ye es tq u i p a mt he een a t s at en rwdn e s tt ee sr tn e x p e c t e d . h M Tr lt r a ne gs T .- h et se eps tr so v i d c e a d p at obc i hl ti het ryce ska y l s dt ea mt a iun s t iepn rsgf ea uc d os s w ti et hl l i t e T s hi gp nr oa close fes vs a l us o u i rn c gee ps h ee omr fr ceo orr inss t i n hu r eo du eg nh od 1t 9 8 18; t o e a e at t f he s w W i i a ne m p oh nar as inss g a ef se y t sy t e m tTri na gsn a.a- t l sp or o vt oeb dea ne f f e tc o t foi ovcl reh e co ktf o u t 1 0d i f f e r e n c t o n of i fg t uw r aea rret eei vo an l su a ht t ehl edei s.v a l uw a atb si oe ncn og n d ut ch tiene idt i, a l s he io i a t T D M MH So . wr, e a e i d o a fGt iPo Sn r a c ko inn cgwe p uth slad tv oew au i nt at itl le at w ts o a t w l el i rt e bs a s e lpi nh ee gm e en re issr oa ft tww anba ser emn g i n t ha ir noa eulf dll g i ght eh st ot t sh ta i m He o. ew vr,- ei n vvl t o s e J a nry u1 a9 8 2a ,n e b a s ew l ians se l e tc h tpaeodtd u c ae nid m ro pv e mo f e n ata bf ao cuo tt f2 r. 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c a p at obp i el i tr iym ni to s cp o h r er er Tcc ht iG P S i. g sn t ar ul cw t eu r ree v s i ei nwa se ed ro i efm s e e t i n ag ns dt e l e m e ht ray r d sr wet aq t rui eoi rnw mu repe nd ta ts to e d i n t ch lm do ed i f i ca an tdti ho A P ,L o i eo n s a e e eu en s w i t h G P So i pn rt o gs rt aaUm nf . l ti k L1 s i g tnh aLe2 l s, i g cn oa ul l d b em o on dl yub l yae ti te th dh e e r s i m u f la a c twi loaiutnsyp d at ot e sd ud pe pv oemrl toe opn ft-t h pe o s t p r o a c ce i sT i sth i den esg v e l o fp hm e e n t e j f he f l . t n ro rw b Ca /nAcd o d o e rt h we i d e bP ac no dd Te h.p e o s so i fb i tl ei t m p o rt aot hr Cel y/ Ac os dw e i t cu hp ign rgpa od se t dp r o a c cewi sl iast ysihn eb ne g Tu hnne. e m i s hs ia l er d t we eas qrt eu i p cmo ne fnti git o u n r a a y i f g w m o d uo l nL2t ti o s nu p Tr oi d r et en swt t ac so n es ri dei m-d p r ab ce t c i cao autf lhs ee f f oe nco tt hu es re r s .w a a s g ap i rn o v wi d i te thdh i Le o c k h ei se asd nl Sed p a Cc o m pd ae nv ye l o c po mn tear na tcd t , t h e a p s n M i s e n F u t su a r te em l l ii gt eah sbtv e e n t mi n oc dlt uhi fdei eu da l -c ca o p d aoe bnbi l oi t ftreh q u e n co i w er,e . v - t e l e m eu tp r yg rwsa tedpa r erteoiso v wn i d i tte h dI inen t e Er sl et ac t Cer oo nr pi c ocs ro a nt ti or an c t . h o y H es t h j eo i pro t g r sa fft ms u g g ae nsa tl e ed r t nh waa tot i vu els ad et h Gr dP Sr e q u(Le) .nT ch yti rs a n ss i m ni s - T h m ah j a r d w a r e e d f efa ovAr eP lfLo pc mo s nea nre t d e s SATn R A C K s t fr l ai gc hk ti n g n a t i f o e o t t u e d ig e d p o 3 s e r va en do n p o sp i ut i ro pnI ot iwns egu s. s eo dn i nl yrm e i ty,t ei t w tald s e r ifrvo emtd h se a mf r e q u e nc co yn f i gt ue r na ht iao nn c e a n td ha rc oc uuT grh ahtercp ayu c t k. i n gw a u s ps yg sr at oedt me a 1c 2 d u a l a t n o r d k s o u ar cst eh pe o s i t si oi gn ni ana ngl isdt c, o uh l a vt heCe / Ac o dmod u l aa t pi op nl i e n e we dfh oe r d f r e q u l ien nfk rcso yr mi g ah nt -d d e d n cl ei r f ct pu h ol a l arn tl rdry i az n ds l a t( ei . de 4. ,8s r iag nn ga elas- nc orra d e e r e cdi Tr i d et en st u p .pT oh ai s p p r wo a acs gh r te oea, dn i tdb e c at m e e b G P eS li g n cne oa nl c f eo pr t t r a c l ko ion pSg si my, itl ha tre rl a c d k aect dao r e c at i no edn d i ts i on fgtww ae sn eh a t noi n e ldau ud t eo m a t i c t rt h as s i ). rar cc SAT R A CI I K . e d i tai n agd n a l y s t c- i an pt ea Trbahi cl eipt oi ve s est .f l i g sh o t f t twwr aaa scsruke bi n s git m np t ri oa vl l ye ad a u s in g T h i em p l e m ea n t da ut iao l n- Gr P S oa pf-e a n b nc i yla i t yua rf fa e la lcoyl tl te ha d se pr oe fc st yhs t se - m m o d au r l ca hr i at en cdb t eu mte eo r d te e l ic nh g n Hi qo uwr,e ets hv. me o ss i tg n di f ei cv a e n l ota pc m io v ef i n y t f ecu q tr e t t h a r d c wo a rf ieg Tu hr ae dt i do oint afi. on no t h e hr as nti gont nhe mel l i s t sr ial en cs ol aui tnl odc r r t eh aoe su et p u SAT R A CI I K a t sh ie m pml e e - n to a ftt hi oce nu m u f l ai g t ihe v tsae tc c u er a uac y - t i oc an p y.a b i l i t n a c a t w v la b a n d rwe iqd ut hi ra e n mad fe f ten h tcte te l e- m se t ta r rte i oc o r r de i qn ug i rHe om wr,e ewn vrte e. c o gt hn ai z t e d y n At el td h o u g h d cu orSATcgRe A C udK ae lvi ze el oda pf rom ea nl t , t bh ae f so i srt esd tei cs ai gn nidt s inn p tI l t h te w G P S i g nc ao lusb l eo v e i rn laa ci do m m r o n cs hl aa t noT nrh ese li .g nc ao lusb l es e p a r a o s d t a d s u b s e i m u p e l en m w e ecn roteam t ipao l spne rtat oe tfdh SAT R A C I dK e v e l po rp omg e an mt . q t e I r d u r i n s gi g t nr ta h lcoek p i ne grb a yvtr-i ot un oe tf h deff iree n c i ne t sh ce oi r ds et r reu scb ,t uua ttt h ee x p eo nf s e T h e p a d -e l av u n o cDh 5ef ldei gtn ehtbsa et l s g i an J na n u 9 r8y(7D 5 X a 1n )ed n d i n d el pm t 1a e i n c r en ao s i esn ed a sc ihg nA an l o. b t h ne o re tf hf i ote v e wr l at hy a tSATt hR eA C rKec -o r wd o nru o d t e s I e l n e em d o d i f We aa t l isro eon a .t l hi z taeh t rde a n s ga e f te r ta y c c k a i np gac bo iulbi lt eb a so en tdh te r a n s l a J tae nd u a r y ic dy G P Ss i g n t ah lias t, h ci sh ow i co eu l d m t i hn nea et ef odt rh Le1/ 4 t r a n s il ga c nhe aadl nT nh ieen l .i t i a l1 9 8 (9D 5 X - 2D 0u ) r. ti nh tga i m Ge P, S a t se ul l ppi t o-ew r ta s y ec nto on tt i an nu ndo oau ttl sle sc to s u l d e i t t s s y s dt ee ms wi g abn sa s e td h c eo om n m h o a n n nP eS l p p r ow ah cwi ch eth, e s t A P LH . ao twr, e v e b e c o n wd iut thc h ti tnei m p eeod r pro v i dm i na gx is ma tuce ml l vi t ee r a g e . o n t l hy FBe ul or I ctI shk ae t r - m o r e , c G a ed at e d i o t h ce o m p o l fte h tpei or en ryi dm e i sn pi agh na s eSAT R tAh CIe I K a s ew l a e s se tl ai s bh w- e i dat hs e p a r a t e l , b in el l l ih t ae tdsh de u rea ql - uf e s ni gc cny aa ply.a Tb hi l eli it sm e i t wa te imor eni t s i gb ayn t e dd u a l - f r p s eu ue -n c y w eq c h a nL1/L3ec l o n f i g au nrt ah ter i ao n sg, ae f se yt ys t we m bs a s eo dn G Pt hS1e C / As i g n a n d a L d o s a tb e u tl tlhy,t eet os o,w ree b e i innrodt u c oe ndt h r ea n dg ue r ti hn D 5 X e s et r De es s. tp h i te e i , g g t e i a lo n e . c o v el i rm a igt e t i sot srn ai lsryje ,e ucrt tna o ic n eat bit e o sdd ey p l o f yo m f ei rfnsi hvtt ee w t es f r eo 1m 3t o2 0f t am r t s A n o t mh ea rej o f rf ion re t s t a b t l hi s S A n- g eh i i n p o s iat no 0n . 0 3 o 0 . 1 2 t /i sn v e y.o Hc iot wr, fe r vo etm h se e v e t ne tosh tn t, h ue n c e r t a i n t i e s i d t f l T R A CI I K a s ec loi n ec et rh nme e i ds a s ni l te e n n a b i m p rt o 4v teo 1 1 f t i n p o s at ni o0n. 0 0 t6o 0 .0 1 f 4t /i nv e y.o1 0cT i th pe o s ai t ni ovd ne l o c i t y d i d s l c o n f i g Au cr a tr sieot funuod.l ft yh pe h an s o e ics hr- a e re qre um i e s nef tot s r SAT hR e A CI I K y s twereem2 0 f t a n 0 . 0 1t /r se , s p y.e Wc trehi vae es t l h e s e t s d f a c t e or ifs s et iv ccesa r na dl ci do a tf eg eu vr a n i o un - s n i et t re qre um i ew n e tmrs eea dt e p l o yt hm ew ey enb r te , i en xg c e ien d eb tdoh oe s t Cr err eg y,ni ot thnl ses y. s t e m u a l ley td ot h c e h o o i acf we r ro p an dn t earrny.n a a u a i s pro v i dv i en l goa ccci -tu y r ba ec y0 .w0 1 t /i n a lf l l i gr eh gt i toh npe so ; s ai tc i o uni sr na oc lwe ts hs a3 n lo f s c y T h di s e s wi g asn se l e bc et ce aid t u s i en i m hi za es de m p f t T. h pi s e r f o rg ma wian an p sc r ei m a rt iol G P Sm u p e r o v ( m mos ea entl ett slea- sn dm o ar ec c u r a t e y id e r i v a r i ai n tt iho men is s r so pi l el a na ep f,a r ro ts mm a l l e p h e m e r id e s ) . a n g r ue lga i rno t nh ne o sa en td a d i li r e cT t hi o i sn s . s T h f ei r c s ut m ue l va at ilvuo eatf ht Do 5nM i sF s l i glTeh stP t r o g w r a b ma s oe nd 9 t e st ht sha at d ie e s 1 c h o wi c aae sl si mo p o t rot t har ena nt s ga efc e o t ny f i g u s re d r e s pe odn ut ac tg i vuo eind sa yn sc t eT h si se .t p r em s u r a tn i o bnt e, c ao uf s ea c cc ou nr sa icd ybe ur at t i o n s b e c ai tua sl leo fw o ser m or, om t reo ce o n t i n u o u s d h p e r f o ro mtf h ar een ac le-s ti ig mtn r ea lcl o on p g s . ki T h ew s e i me p ob r utr ate nl at st ti vr ae il gy h t f o r w a r d r u p g rt aot dh SAT R A C sKy s tAe ltmh me. i s s i l e ee s I l

i n c l u4 do etf hd e d e s5c Xrl i bg a ehn dt1ds 5l a P eE rMD ,A S Oa ,n Cd o m m i n -nC dEhevi ea f l u a t t i ho t ines s t e x dp ee mr i eo nn t csh est er u a pt e o drGi oP r Sio t vy er ar d f oa er v a l u i na te i m t giea al s u rn e i tm e n t D f t r- a f rn Te s f tl i g.1 1 E t xs c e re l lse uw l t esor b t a wi n i te h d i s e va er lsry ya m ea psn lst d u , b s ee qv ua el unh ata t vi oe n hs a r d e w r raIonr rae s d . d i i tt wo anc so n c lt uh Ga et dw o u lr do vh i dg aeh cl yc ui nr as tt ae n itma p n-a e c ot u s h n e t e i , d PS p c o n t r si bi g u n t ieft idoci ma np tr l oy vi ne t mu een nd te swr l e ai nsp gyo s nterro m e As c. o m p a a r nt ii co l nep o idn at f to ar ra n s g a y.f1e2 ,1A3 l t h so u cg wh eaa sscs h i w vi t ehSAT hR eA C K p r to h aP ece ha ,c e k e e p e r h y e rmod l e t c e dt ap ( C o l e am n Sd nm kt hi ni i ss s, ud e )s c t rhis bei ge ns i f i c a n at c ch oi ben yvt hre ci edbu um t i uo lna st i v e p r o gcw re asm m ei n e igt soi n b g j e cw t i tv hea sv t ah irel a db al e r i n s t Tr u em r et hnfAoet iraFr eto ,i rohc nae .nd o ai ss h m e t hy.o d o l o g m o t i vt oa c t hi oa nni t gse ev a l a aro tp ai ocHnh o. wr, eA vi Fre o rrec prt so r e c o gt nh t iahz tSAT R A C K up e ed m od t oh l ou gn ycre o d va pe r e v ui on ud se lityn e i ct itoaenl dderror. i To n fi isn d l ei ntdoag re a s s e os fst hm e e n t e it h g r a mv i ot yidn e hl l ea u nare c ah n i dt is n f l u oe nnt hc Pe e a c e gk ue i ed pmod rce el . t a en O t hA ep r p l i c a t i o n s A at b ot hus eta mt i m SAT aR sA CIdKe v em l oe pn -tab s e g i n t nh iRen ag n, Ag pe p l i cJ o it ni ot n s e e I w a P r o gO r fa f mcR eA J Pi nO i t) ida et ev de l oo pfa tmr a e n n s gt l ae tn ome r ri asf tosl eri als ept p l i cAa Pt pL or o v .i d eSd A T R AI ICI K (i i ns t e c h sn u i cp atp ol oR rAt J P aO n , tdh ee yv et un -a l l y a c i no in t itwar atiI tenc h dt e rE s l et ac tt er o n i c t so C o r p To hr Ne ta i ow y ic l lo n t it no tue eas nt ed v a tl uh Trae i td e eWe a p So yn s twe im h pe r i mg oa aor ylf s a vn n t t p od u ca eb a l l i s t ti cr a m ( sBls Ms t isTlo ey)r s tf eo gm e n e r a rl -a p n ug pepp ol iscTeah tBei oM nTp s r. o v i d ed det -e c c i hn ag nt ogs ey s tp ee mr f o rc ma ua bsn eyca deg c no gm p o n ae sn s tes s s i modg i f i sc ya st it oe nm s r n i a r ar t i a d n a n i m p o t r et as tn t cf aon pr u a mb ieNl irtaoy t ui Ms ni saD l iel ef e ( nN sM D e) fs l ti gt hh wt steh a vb e e n n e ee dd t - oe x t ei t ns d l iI fnet ht ri ims g e w. r ede , c o t gh nSAT e A C K a l ui s ao tn i ol yn perta o f o s e t a e a r a i tz R e v s u p p so irnt cti nhe ge a 1 l 9 9 0As s. p e ac di a a l p ot aft ht iBo M w a a s l s u o s ef od t r w A o iFr o r c e s y s at ec cm ua r sa s ce y s s m a ec nc tua, r sa s ca y n i sdomn a el py n a to r ft t to h twea el a ps yo sn te ev ma l u a t i o n . r y e n T es P e a c e I C eB eMp gt eeh rts tht tsah Lt ea b o s r ua pt op roy r t e d . k fli E q du ial i l g i esnn ec ee di n ea dal l s p e mc t os n iato onfmrdi na g n tt ah Trn i id n esg yn st t e m . i ie T h fei r N tM D e s ut p w oep r rt o v wi d ae so dt r w o e x o - a r te me inon tstrpey hrs ceu erbp cs t y s t e m C o n t i nDu5ea dc c u re a v c a y l u sa ut ipo pnw o rerl tlm at hi npe r i m o ab rj ey fc o tSAT eR A C K . s t p f i i ri v ( E R tI S )fs l ti g i hn Jt as n u1 a9 r9y a n d 1M9 a9 r2c .h et es esd t es m o nt hs tda r tiaf ft ee G e PnS t i a Hl o w er, v n-p a r wa il tl eh al c y,t i w i ehts a vi d e e n a tn i fa i et eu dxr at el no SAT R A C aK p a tb h i lai tt i e s e 1 T rd ei t hv sf i o n c m e a s u r e m a eninn tt se rbac en tpdw t re ge e ea n ce ,hq u i pw piateth d a r, cs lo a utr loed s to hl iven e t e r c e cp a ts nu p p or er tc i n it oe nre c v e a p l ut a nt iao tnaos nntdha el fao t re mr i s dsb ieal efl el i fsnl itsgit eceh st Tt h .i s e a o r t r n s i s v e cg t eo or e mt wr -y i ts hu b m a ec ct y.u Trr h e re cf to dl li o p wr o- oj efn c tp o s t fal i ng adh n t a s l tu r spa i pcs ok irrnte ga l i gz ar eto iwou o tn fo u Er R If Sl i g t he e tx p e ar ine don ucs reu p tp oto h r Set t r a t e g i cI n iDt iea ft ei vn es e e ac y st t oN M Ds c o n t i nw ui ti n m , o r se t c ien nt te rt ec s es e tp r ti e s i np tl1o 9 9 9 .dh Ee R I tSe s t s O r g a nf oi tz r ha det e o v n e l oo pfa m r ee nc itinsr-ti coe en tp e tcs at p a f ob t rih l Bi et ry i l Pl i e nb b l e sB o P t rh o g r a m . i hg e a n n eT i p a t a c t e ads p r ai ns tg oabs oe aor irfe d sd e p ree ns dea eandnrdcet hv e l o( IpR m& aeDcn) t t i dv i tr ie e c sat ec h i e v ai ont ftgh ep s r eo jae nc tdths e c o s n u t pi nop ufo eMtd D e s t o hb aj e v wc e t i ,Nvh ae vc yo n c u tr ar ek n c e , n d Nr t it s en i n t e rv c e e c p t teo ro ma ce ct ru yor afl e c sy s 2 c hmaT .nh ae b it l oi at yc h it eh vlaeet v o e fa l c c u wr aa cs y a d v a no tft ah ge en i q Au P L a c i dl i te i veo esp l e- f d Tr i d eA n s t n. o t ien da c o m p aartn i ci ol en g t u ef o r d e m n - 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