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Ek 1
ZELK TABLOLARI VE DYAGRAMLARI
Tablo A1
Tablo A2
Tablo A3
Tablo A4
Tablo A5
Tablo A6
Tablo A7
Tablo A8
Tablo A9
Tablo A10
Tablo A11
Tablo A12
Tablo A13
Tablo A14
Tablo A15
Tablo A16
Tablo A17
Tablo A18
Tablo A19

Mol ktlesi, gaz sabiti ve

kritik-nokta zellikleri
Bilinen baz gazlarn ideal-gaz
zgl snma
Bilinen baz sv, kat ve
yiyeceklerin zellikleri
Doymu su - Scaklk tablosu
Doymu su - Basn tablosu
Kzgn su buhar
Sktrlm sv su
Doymu buz - su buhar
Su iin T-s diyagram
Su iin Mollier diyagram
Doymu soutucu akkan134a Scaklk tablosu
Doymu soutucu akkan134a Basn tablosu
Kzgn soutucu akkan-134a
Soutucu akkan-134a nn P-h
diyagram
NelsonObert genelletirilmi
sktrlabilirlik diyagram
Yksek seviyelerde atmosferin
zellikleri
Havann mkemmel-gaz
zelikleri
N2, Azotun mkemmel gaz
zelikleri
O2, Oksijenin mkemmel gaz
zelikleri

Tablo A20
Tablo A21
Tablo A22
Tablo A23
Tablo A24
Tablo A25
Tablo A26

Tablo A27
Tablo A28
Tablo A29
Tablo A30
Tablo A31
Tablo A32

Tablo A33
Tablo A34

CO2, Karbondioksitin mkemmel

gaz zelikleri
CO, Karbonmonoksitin mkemmel
gaz zelikleri
H2, Hidrojenin mkemmel
gaz zelikleri
H2O, Su buharnn mkemmel
gaz zellikleri
O, Tek atomlu oksijenin mkemmel
gaz zellikleri
OH, Hidroksilin mkemmel
gaz zelikleri
25C, scaklk ve 1atm basnta
Oluum entalpisi, oluum Gibbs
fonksiyonu ve mutlak entropi
Bilinen baz yaktlarn ve
hidrokarbonlarn zelikleri
Kp denge sabitinin doal logaritmas
Genelletirilmi entalpi sapma
diyagram
Genelletirilmi entropi sapma
diyagram
1 atm toplam basn iin
Psikrometrik diyagram
k
1.4 olan bir ideal gaz iin
bir-boyutlu, izantropik sktrlabilir
ak fonksiyonlar
k
1.4 olan bir ideal gaz iin birboyutlu normal ok fonksiyonlar
k
1.4 olan bir ideal gaz iin
Rayleigh ak fonksiyonlar

883

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Termodinamik

TABLO A 1
Mol ktlesi, gaz sabiti ve kritik nokta zellikleri

Madde

Kimyasal
Forml

Mol ktlesi,
M kg/kmol

Gaz
sabiti,
R kJ/kg K*

Hava
Amonyak
Argon
Benzen
Bromin
n-Bten
Karbon dioksit
Karbon monoksit
Carbon tetrachloride
Klorin
Klorofrom
Dichlorodifluoromethane (R-12)
Dichlorofluoromethane (R-21)
Etan
Etit alkol
Etilen
Helyum
n-Heksan
Hidrojen (normal)
Kripton
Metan
Metil alkol
Metil klor
Neon
Nitrojen
Nitrous oxide
Azot oksit
Propan
Propilan
Kkrt dioksit
Tetrafluoroetan (R-134a)
Trichlorofluorometan (R-11)
Su
Xenon

NH3
Ar
C6H6
Br2
C4H10
CO2
CO
CCl4
Cl2
CHCl3
CCl2F2
CHCl2F
C2H6
C2H5OH
C2H4
He
C6H14
H2
Kr
CH4
CH3OH
CH3Cl
Ne
N2
N2O
O2
C3H8
C3H6
SO2
CF3CH2F
CCl3F
H2O
Xe

28.97
17.03
39.948
78.115
159.808
58.124
44.01
28.011
153.82
70.906
119.38
120.91
102.92
30.070
46.07
28.054
4.003
86.179
2.016
83.80
16.043
32.042
50.488
20.183
28.013
44.013
31.999
44.097
42.081
64.063
102.03
137.37
18.015
131.30

0.2870
0.4882
0.2081
0.1064
0.0520
0.1430
0.1889
0.2968
0.05405
0.1173
0.06964
0.06876
0.08078
0.2765
0.1805
0.2964
2.0769
0.09647
4.1240
0.09921
0.5182
0.2595
0.1647
0.4119
0.2968
0.1889
0.2598
0.1885
0.1976
0.1298
0.08149
0.06052
0.4615
0.06332

Kritik nokta zellekleri

Scaklk,
K
132.5
405.5
151
562
584
425.2
304.2
133
556.4
417
536.6
384.7
451.7
305.5
516
282.4
5.3
507.9
33.3
209.4
191.1
513.2
416.3
44.5
126.2
309.7
154.8
370
365
430.7
374.2
471.2
647.1
289.8

Basn,
MPa
3.77
11.28
4.86
4.92
10.34
3.80
7.39
3.50
4.56
7.71
5.47
4.01
5.17
4.48
6.38
5.12
0.23
3.03
1.30
5.50
4.64
7.95
6.68
2.73
3.39
7.27
5.08
4.26
4.62
7.88
4.059
4.38
22.06
5.88

Hacim,
m3/kmol
0.0883
0.0724
0.0749
0.2603
0.1355
0.2547
0.0943
0.0930
0.2759
0.1242
0.2403
0.2179
0.1973
0.1480
0.1673
0.1242
0.0578
0.3677
0.0649
0.0924
0.0993
0.1180
0.1430
0.0417
0.0899
0.0961
0.0780
0.1998
0.1810
0.1217
0.1993
0.2478
0.0560
0.1186

*Not: kJ/kg K birimi kJ/kg C birimi ile edeerdir. Gaz sabiti R
Ru /M den hesaplanr ve burada Ru
8.31447 kJ/kmol K ve M ise molar ktledir.
Kaynak: K. A. Kobe and R. E. Lynn, Jr., Chemical Review 52 (1953), pp. 117236; and ASHRAE, Handbook of Fundamentals (Atlanta, GA: American
Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1993), pp. 16.4 and 36.1.

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TABLO A2
Bilinen baz gazlarn mkemmel-gaz zgl slar
(a) 300 K scaklkta
Gaz

Kimyasal
forml

Hava
Argon
Btan
Karbon dioksit
Karbon monoksit
Etan
Etilen
Helyum
Hidrojen
Metan
Neon
Azot
Oktan
Oksijen
Propan
Su buhar

Ar
C4H10
CO2
CO
C2H6
C2H4
He
H2
CH4
Ne
N2
C8H18
O2
C3H8
H2O

Gaz sabiti, R
kJ/kg K

cp
kJ/kg K

cv
kJ/kg K

0.2870
0.2081
0.1433
0.1889
0.2968
0.2765
0.2964
2.0769
4.1240
0.5182
0.4119
0.2968
0.0729
0.2598
0.1885
0.4615

1.005
0.5203
1.7164
0.846
1.040
1.7662
1.5482
5.1926
14.307
2.2537
1.0299
1.039
1.7113
0.918
1.6794
1.8723

0.718
0.3122
1.5734
0.657
0.744
1.4897
1.2518
3.1156
10.183
1.7354
0.6179
0.743
1.6385
0.658
1.4909
1.4108

1.400
1.667
1.091
1.289
1.400
1.186
1.237
1.667
1.405
1.299
1.667
1.400
1.044
1.395
1.126
1.327

Not: kJ/kg K birimi kJ/kg C birimiyle edeerdir.

Kaynak: Chemical and Process Thermodynamics 3/E by Kyle, B. G., 2000. Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJnin izniyle uyumlanmtr.

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Termodinamik

TABLO A2
Bilinen baz gazlarn mkemmel-gaz zgl slar (Devam)
(b) Deiik scaklklarda

Scaklk,
K
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
900
1000

cp
kJ/kg K

cv
kJ/kg K

Hava
1.003
1.005
1.008
1.013
1.020
1.029
1.040
1.051
1.063
1.075
1.087
1.099
1.121
1.142

0.716
0.718
0.721
0.726
0.733
0.742
0.753
0.764
0.776
0.788
0.800
0.812
0.834
0.855

cp
kJ/kg K

14.051
14.307
14.427
14.476
14.501
14.513
14.530
14.546
14.571
14.604
14.645
14.695
14.822
14.983

9.927
10.183
10.302
10.352
10.377
10.389
10.405
10.422
10.447
10.480
10.521
10.570
10.698
10.859

Karbon dioksit, CO2

1.401
1.400
1.398
1.395
1.391
1.387
1.381
1.376
1.370
1.364
1.359
1.354
1.344
1.336

0.791
0.846
0.895
0.939
0.978
1.014
1.046
1.075
1.102
1.126
1.148
1.169
1.204
1.234

Hidrojen, H2
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
900
1000

cv
kJ/kg K

0.602
0.657
0.706
0.750
0.790
0.825
0.857
0.886
0.913
0.937
0.959
0.980
1.015
1.045

1.314
1.288
1.268
1.252
1.239
1.229
1.220
1.213
1.207
1.202
1.197
1.193
1.186
1.181

cp
kJ/kg K

1.039
1.039
1.041
1.044
1.049
1.056
1.065
1.075
1.086
1.098
1.110
1.121
1.145
1.167

0.742
0.743
0.744
0.747
0.752
0.759
0.768
0.778
0.789
0.801
0.813
0.825
0.849
0.870

Karbon monoksit, CO
1.039
1.040
1.043
1.047
1.054
1.063
1.075
1.087
1.100
1.113
1.126
1.139
1.163
1.185

Azot, N2
1.416
1.405
1.400
1.398
1.398
1.397
1.396
1.396
1.395
1.394
1.392
1.390
1.385
1.380

cv
kJ/kg K

0.743
0.744
0.746
0.751
0.757
0.767
0.778
0.790
0.803
0.816
0.829
0.842
0.866
0.888

1.400
1.399
1.398
1.395
1.392
1.387
1.382
1.376
1.370
1.364
1.358
1.353
1.343
1.335

Oksijen, O2
1.400
1.400
1.399
1.397
1.395
1.391
1.387
1.382
1.376
1.371
1.365
1.360
1.349
1.341

0.913
0.918
0.928
0.941
0.956
0.972
0.988
1.003
1.017
1.031
1.043
1.054
1.074
1.090

0.653
0.658
0.668
0.681
0.696
0.712
0.728
0.743
0.758
0.771
0.783
0.794
0.814
0.830

1.398
1.395
1.389
1.382
1.373
1.365
1.358
1.350
1.343
1.337
1.332
1.327
1.319
1.313

Kaynak: Kenneth Wark, Thermodynamics, 4th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1983), p. 783, Tablo A4M. lk olarak Tables of Thermal Properties of Gases,
NBS Circular 564, 1955) adl kaynakta yaynlanmtr.

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TABLO A2
Bilinen baz gazlarn mkemmel-gaz zgl slar (Devam)
(c) Scakln fonksiyonu olarak
_
cp
a  bT  cT 2  dT 3
(T K ve cp kJ/kmol K birimlerinde)
Kimyasal
Madde
Azot
Oksijen
Hava
Hidrojen
Karbon
monoksit
Karbon
dioksit
Su buhar
Azot oksit
Azot oksit
Azot
dioksit
Amonyak
Kkrt
Kkrt
dioksit
Kkrt
trioksit
Asetilen
Benzen
Metanol
Etanol
Hidrojen
klorr
Metan
Etan
Propan
n-Btan
i-Btan
n-Pentan
n-Heksan
Etilen
Propilen

forml

b
0.1571
1.520
0.1967
0.1916

Scaklk
aral, K

% hata
Maks. Ort.

102


 102
 102
 102

105

0.8081 
0.7155  105
0.4802  105
0.4003  105

109

2.873 
1.312  109
1.966  109
0.8704  109

2731800
2731800
2731800
2731800

0.59
1.19
0.72
1.01

0.34
0.28
0.33
0.26

N2
O2

H2

28.90
25.48
28.11
29.11

CO

28.16

0.1675  102

0.5372  105

2.222  109

2731800

0.89

0.37

CO2
H2O
NO
N2O

22.26
32.24
29.34
24.11

5.981  102
0.1923  102
0.09395  102
5.8632  102

3.501  105
1.055  105
0.9747  105
3.562  105

7.469
3.595
4.187
10.58

109
109
109
109

2731800
2731800
2731500
2731500

0.67
0.53
0.97
0.59

0.22
0.24
0.36
0.26

NO2
NH3
S2

22.9
27.568
27.21

5.715  102
2.5630  102
2.218  102

3.52  105
0.99072  105
1.628  105

7.87  109
6.6909  109
3.986  109

2731500
2731500
2731800

0.46
0.91
0.99

0.18
0.36
0.38

SO2

25.78

5.795  102

3.812  105

8.612  109

2731800

0.45

0.24

16.40
21.8
36.22
19.0
19.9

14.58  102
9.2143  102
48.475  102
9.152  102
20.96  102

105
105
105
105
105

32.42  109
18.21  109
77.62  109
8.039  109
20.05  109

2731300
2731500
2731500
2731000
2731500

0.29
1.46
0.34
0.18
0.40

0.13
0.59
0.20
0.08
0.22

1.327  105
1.269  105
6.406  105
15.72  105
18.34  105
23.01  105
22.46  105
28.65  105
8.344  105
12.18  105

4.338  109
11.01  109
7.285  109
31.74  109
35.00  109
49.91  109
42.29  109
57.69  109
17.67  109
24.62  109

2731500
2731500
2731500
2731500
2731500
2731500
2731500
2731500
2731500
2731500

0.22
1.33
0.83
0.40
0.54
0.25
0.56
0.72
0.54
0.73

0.08
0.57
0.28
0.12
0.24
0.13
0.21
0.20
0.13
0.17

SO3
C2H2
C6H6
CH4O
C2H6O
HCl
CH4
C2H6
C3H8
C4H10
C4H10
C5H12
C6H14
C2H4
C3H6

30.33
19.89
6.900
4.04
3.96
7.913
6.774
6.938
3.95
3.15

0.7620  102
5.024  102
17.27  102
30.48  102
37.15  102
41.60  102
45.43  102
55.22  102
15.64  102
23.83  102

11.20
6.527
31.57
1.22
10.38












Kaynak: B. G. Kyle, Chemical and Process Thermodynamics (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1984) izin alnarak kullanlmtr.TABLO

A3

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Termodinamik

TABLO A3
Bilinen baz sv, kat ve yiyeceklerin zellikleri
(a) Svlar
1 atm basnta kaynama verileri

Madde
Amonyak

Normal
kaynama
noktas, C
33.3

Argon
185.9
Benzen
80.2
Tuzlu su (Ktlesel %20
sodyum klorr)
103.9
n-Btan
0.5
Karbon dioksit
78.4*
Etanol
78.2
Etil alkol
78.6
Etilen glikol
198.1
Gliserin
179.9
Helyum
268.9
Hidrojen
252.8
zobtan
11.7
Kerosen
204293
Civa
356.7
Metan
161.5
Metanol
Azot
Oktan
Ya (hafif)
Oksijen
Petrol
Propan

1357

161.6
394

Donma verileri

Donma
noktas, C
77.7

189.3
5.5

Fzyon
gizli ss
hif , kJ/kg
322.4

28
126

385.2
230.5 (at 0C)
838.3
855
800.1
974
22.8
445.7
367.1
251
294.7
510.4

17.4
138.5
56.6
114.2
156
10.8
18.9

259.2
160
24.9
38.9
182.2

109
108
181.1
200.6

59.5
105.7

11.4
58.4

64.5
195.8

1100
198.6

97.7
210

99.2
25.3

124.8

306.3

57.5

180.7

218.8

13.7

187.7

80.0

183

42.1

Soutucu akkan-134a 26.1

Su

Buharlama
gizli ss
hfg , kJ/kg

100

212.7
230384
427.8

217.0

2257

96.6

0.0

80.3

333.7

Sv zellikleri
Scaklk,
C

Younluk
r, kg/m3

zgl
s
cp, kJ/kg K

33.3
20
0
25
185.6
20

682
665
639
602
1394
879

4.43
4.52
4.60
4.80
1.14
1.72

20
0.5
0
25
20
20
20
268.9
252.8
11.7
20
25
161.5
100
25
195.8
160
20
25
183
20
42.1
0
50
50
26.1
0
25
0
25
50
75
100

1150
601
298
783
789
1109
1261
146.2
70.7
593.8
820
13,560
423
301
787
809
596
703
910
1141
640
581
529
449
1443
1374
1295
1207
1000
997
988
975
958

3.11
2.31
0.59
2.46
2.84
2.84
2.32
22.8
10.0
2.28
2.00
0.139
3.49
5.79
2.55
2.06
2.97
2.10
1.80
1.71
2.0
2.25
2.53
3.13
1.23
1.27
1.34
1.43
4.22
4.18
4.18
4.19
4.22

* Sublimasyon scakl. (l-nokta basnc olan 518 kPa basncnn altndaki basnlarda karbon dioksit kat veya gaz durumundadr. Karbon dioksitin donma
noktas scakl da l-nokta scakl olan 56.5Cdir.

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Bilinen baz sv, kat ve yiyeceklerin zellikleri (Devam)

(b) Katlar (aksi belirtilmedii srece deerler oda scaklndadr.)
Younluk,
r kg/m3

Madde

zgl s,
cp kJ/kg K

Younluk,
r kg/m3

Madde

Metaller

zgl s,
cp kJ/kg K

Metal olmayanlar

Alminyum
200 K
250 K
300 K
350 K
400 K
450 K
500 K
Bronz (%76 Cu, %2 Zn,
%2 Al)
Pirin, sar (%65 Cu,
%35 Zn)
Bakr
173C
100C
50C
0C
27C
100C
200C
Demir
Kurun
Magnezyum
Nikel
Gm
elik, yumuak
Tungsten

8,280

0.797
0.859
0.902
0.929
0.949
0.973
0.997
0.400

8,310

0.400

2,700

Asfalt
Tula, bilinen
Tula, ate tulas (500C)
Beton
Kil
Elmas
Cam, pencere
Cam, atee dayankl
Grafit
Granit
Alta ve sva
Buz
200 K
220 K

0.254
240 K
0.367
0.381
0.386
0.393
0.403
0.45
0.128
1.000
0.440
0.235
0.500
0.130

0.342

8,900

7,840
11,310
1,730
8,890
10,470
7,830
19,400

2110
1922
2300
2300
1000
2420
2700
2230
2500
2700
800

0.920
0.79
0.960
0.653
0.920
0.616
0.800
0.840
0.711
1.017
1.09
1.56
1.71

1.86
260 K
273 K
Kireta
Mermer
Kontrplak (kknar)
Lastik (yumuak)
Lastik (sert)
Kum
Ta
Tahta, sert (akaaa, mee, vb.)
Tahta, yumuak (kknar, am, vb.)

2.01
2.11
0.909
0.880
1.21
1.840
2.009
0.800
0.800
1.26
1.38

921
1650
2600
545
1100
1150
1520
1500
721
513

(c) Yiyecekler
zgl s,
kJ/ (kg.K)

Yiyecek
Elma
Muz
Sr eti
Brokoli
Tereya
Peynir, swire
Kiraz
Pili
Msr
Yumurta, Tm
Dondurma

Fzyon
Su
gizli
ierii, Donma
Donma Donma ss,
% (ktle) noktas C nok. st. nok. alt. kJ/kg
84
75
67
90
16
39
80
74
74
74
63

1.1
0.8

0.6

10.0
1.8
2.8
0.6
0.6
5.6

3.65
3.35
3.08
3.86

2.15
3.52
3.32
3.32
3.32
2.95

1.90
1.78
1.68
1.97
1.04
1.33
1.85
1.77
1.77
1.77
1.63

281
251
224
301
53
130
267
247
247
247
210

zgl s,
kJ/ (kg.K)

Yiyecek

Su
ierii,
% (ktle)

Marul
St, tm
Portakal
Patates
Som bal
Karides
Ispanak
ilek
Domates, olgun
Hindi
Karpuz

95
88
87
78
64
83
93
90
94
64
93

Fzyon
gizli
Donma
Donma Donma ss,
noktas C nok. st. nok. alt. kJ/kg
0.2
0.6
0.8
0.6
2.2
2.2
0.3
0.8
0.5

0.4

4.02
3.79
3.75
3.45
2.98
3.62
3.96
3.86
3.99
2.98
3.96

2.04
1.95
1.94
1.82
1.65
1.89
2.01
1.97
2.02
1.65
2.01

317
294
291
261
214
277
311
301
314
214
311

Kaynak: Deerler eitli elkitaplarndan ve kaynaklardan alnm veya hesaplanmtr. Yiyeceklerin donma noktas ve su ierii verileri ASHRAE, Handbook of Fundamentals, SI version (Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1993), Blm 30, Tablo 1
adl kaynaktan alnmtr. Donma noktas, meyve ve sebzeler iin donmann balad scaklk, dier yiyecekler iin ise ortalama donma scakldr.

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Page 890

Termodinamik

TABLO A4
Doymu su Scaklk tablosu
zgl hacim,
m3/kg
Doymu Doymu
Scaklk., basnc., sv,
T C
Pdoy kPa vf

enerji,
kJ/kg

Entalpi,
kJ/kg

Entropi,
kJ/(kg.K)

Doymu
buhar,
vg

Doymu
Doymu Doymu
Doymu Doymu
Doymu
sv,
Buhar., buhar,
sv,
Buhar., buhar,
sv,
Buhar., buhar,
uf
ufg
ug
hf
hfg
hg
sf
sfg
sg
0.000
21.019
42.020
62.980
83.913

0.01
5
10
15
20

0.6117
0.8725
1.2281
1.7057
2.3392

0.001000
0.001000
0.001000
0.001001
0.001002

206.00
147.03
106.32
77.885
57.762

25
30
35
40
45

3.1698
4.2469
5.6291
7.3851
9.5953

0.001003
0.001004
0.001006
0.001008
0.001010

43.340
32.879
25.205
19.515
15.251

2374.9
2360.8
2346.6
2332.5
2318.4

2374.9
2381.8
2388.7
2395.5
2402.3

104.83
125.73
146.63
167.53
188.43

2304.3
2290.2
2276.0
2261.9
2247.7

2409.1
2415.9
2422.7
2429.4
2436.1

0.001
21.020
42.022
62.982
83.915

2500.9
2489.1
2477.2
2465.4
2453.5

2500.9
2510.1
2519.2
2528.3
2537.4

0.0000
0.0763
0.1511
0.2245
0.2965

9.1556
8.9487
8.7488
8.5559
8.3696

9.1556
9.0249
8.8999
8.7803
8.6661

104.83
125.74
146.64
167.53
188.44

2441.7
2429.8
2417.9
2406.0
2394.0

2546.5
2555.6
2564.6
2573.5
2582.4

0.3672
0.4368
0.5051
0.5724
0.6386

8.1895
8.0152
7.8466
7.6832
7.5247

8.5567
8.4520
8.3517
8.2556
8.1633

50
55
60
65
70

12.352
15.763
19.947
25.043
31.202

0.001012
0.001015
0.001017
0.001020
0.001023

12.026
9.5639
7.6670
6.1935
5.0396

209.33
230.24
251.16
272.09
293.04

2233.4
2219.1
2204.7
2190.3
2175.8

2442.7
2449.3
2455.9
2462.4
2468.9

209.34
230.26
251.18
272.12
293.07

2382.0
2369.8
2357.7
2345.4
2333.0

2591.3
2600.1
2608.8
2617.5
2626.1

0.7038
0.7680
0.8313
0.8937
0.9551

7.3710
7.2218
7.0769
6.9360
6.7989

8.0748
7.9898
7.9082
7.8296
7.7540

75
80
85
90
95

38.597
47.416
57.868
70.183
84.609

0.001026
0.001029
0.001032
0.001036
0.001040

4.1291
3.4053
2.8261
2.3593
1.9808

313.99
334.97
355.96
376.97
398.00

2161.3
2146.6
2131.9
2117.0
2102.0

2475.3
2481.6
2487.8
2494.0
2500.1

314.03
335.02
356.02
377.04
398.09

2320.6
2308.0
2295.3
2282.5
2269.6

2634.6
2643.0
2651.4
2659.6
2667.6

1.0158
1.0756
1.1346
1.1929
1.2504

6.6655
6.5355
6.4089
6.2853
6.1647

7.6812
7.6111
7.5435
7.4782
7.4151

100
105
110
115
120

101.42
120.90
143.38
169.18
198.67

0.001043
0.001047
0.001052
0.001056
0.001060

1.6720
1.4186
1.2094
1.0360
0.89133

419.06
440.15
461.27
482.42
503.60

2087.0
2071.8
2056.4
2040.9
2025.3

2506.0
2511.9
2517.7
2523.3
2528.9

419.17
440.28
461.42
482.59
503.81

2256.4
2243.1
2229.7
2216.0
2202.1

2675.6
2683.4
2691.1
2698.6
2706.0

1.3072
1.3634
1.4188
1.4737
1.5279

6.0470
5.9319
5.8193
5.7092
5.6013

7.3542
7.2952
7.2382
7.1829
7.1292

125
130
135
140
145

232.23
270.28
313.22
361.53
415.68

0.001065
0.001070
0.001075
0.001080
0.001085

0.77012
0.66808
0.58179
0.50850
0.44600

524.83
546.10
567.41
588.77
610.19

2009.5
1993.4
1977.3
1960.9
1944.2

2534.3
2539.5
2544.7
2549.6
2554.4

525.07
546.38
567.75
589.16
610.64

2188.1
2173.7
2159.1
2144.3
2129.2

2713.1
2720.1
2726.9
2733.5
2739.8

1.5816
1.6346
1.6872
1.7392
1.7908

5.4956
5.3919
5.2901
5.1901
5.0919

7.0771
7.0265
6.9773
6.9294
6.8827

150
155
160
165
170

476.16
543.49
618.23
700.93
792.18

0.001091
0.001096
0.001102
0.001108
0.001114

0.39248
0.34648
0.30680
0.27244
0.24260

631.66
653.19
674.79
696.46
718.20

1927.4
1910.3
1893.0
1875.4
1857.5

2559.1
2563.5
2567.8
2571.9
2575.7

632.18
653.79
675.47
697.24
719.08

2113.8
2098.0
2082.0
2065.6
2048.8

2745.9
2751.8
2757.5
2762.8
2767.9

1.8418
1.8924
1.9426
1.9923
2.0417

4.9953
4.9002
4.8066
4.7143
4.6233

6.8371
6.7927
6.7492
6.7067
6.6650

175
180
185
190
195
200

892.60
1002.8
1123.5
1255.2
1398.8
1554.9

0.001121
0.001127
0.001134
0.001141
0.001149
0.001157

0.21659
0.19384
0.17390
0.15636
0.14089
0.12721

740.02
761.92
783.91
806.00
828.18
850.46

1839.4
1820.9
1802.1
1783.0
1763.6
1743.7

2579.4
2582.8
2586.0
2589.0
2591.7
2594.2

741.02
763.05
785.19
807.43
829.78
852.26

2031.7
2014.2
1996.2
1977.9
1959.0
1939.8

2772.7
2777.2
2781.4
2785.3
2788.8
2792.0

2.0906
2.1392
2.1875
2.2355
2.2831
2.3305

4.5335
4.4448
4.3572
4.2705
4.1847
4.0997

6.6242
6.5841
6.5447
6.5059
6.4678
6.4302

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Ek 1

891

TABLO A4
Doymu su Scaklk tablosu
zgl hacim,
m3/kg
Doyma Doymu
Scaklk., basnc
sv,
T C
Pdoy kPa vf

Doymu
buhar,
vg

enerji,
kJ/kg

Entalpi,
kJ/kg

Doymu
Doymu
sv,
Buhar., buhar,
uf
ufg
ug

Entropi,
kJ/(kg.K)

Doymu
Doymu
sv,
Buhar., buhar,
hf
hfg
hg

Doymu
Doymu
sv,
Buhar., buhar,
sf
sfg
sg

205
210
215
220
225

1724.3
1907.7
2105.9
2319.6
2549.7

0.001164
0.001173
0.001181
0.001190
0.001199

0.11508
0.10429
0.094680
0.086094
0.078405

872.86
895.38
918.02
940.79
963.70

1723.5
1702.9
1681.9
1660.5
1638.6

2596.4
2598.3
2599.9
2601.3
2602.3

874.87
897.61
920.50
943.55
966.76

1920.0
1899.7
1878.8
1857.4
1835.4

2794.8
2797.3
2799.3
2801.0
2802.2

2.3776
2.4245
2.4712
2.5176
2.5639

4.0154
3.9318
3.8489
3.7664
3.6844

6.3930
6.3563
6.3200
6.2840
6.2483

230
235
240
245
250

2797.1
3062.6
3347.0
3651.2
3976.2

0.001209
0.001219
0.001229
0.001240
0.001252

0.071505
0.065300
0.059707
0.054656
0.050085

986.76
1010.0
1033.4
1056.9
1080.7

1616.1
1593.2
1569.8
1545.7
1521.1

2602.9
2603.2
2603.1
2602.7
2601.8

990.14
1013.7
1037.5
1061.5
1085.7

1812.8
1789.5
1765.5
1740.8
1715.3

2802.9
2803.2
2803.0
2802.2
2801.0

2.6100
2.6560
2.7018
2.7476
2.7933

3.6028
3.5216
3.4405
3.3596
3.2788

6.2128
6.1775
6.1424
6.1072
6.0721

255
260
265
270
275

4322.9
4692.3
5085.3
5503.0
5946.4

0.001263
0.001276
0.001289
0.001303
0.001317

0.045941
0.042175
0.038748
0.035622
0.032767

1104.7
1128.8
1153.3
1177.9
1202.9

1495.8
1469.9
1443.2
1415.7
1387.4

2600.5
2598.7
2596.5
2593.7
2590.3

1110.1
1134.8
1159.8
1185.1
1210.7

1689.0
1661.8
1633.7
1604.6
1574.5

2799.1
2796.6
2793.5
2789.7
2785.2

2.8390
2.8847
2.9304
2.9762
3.0221

3.1979
3.1169
3.0358
2.9542
2.8723

6.0369
6.0017
5.9662
5.9305
5.8944

280
285
290
295
300

6416.6
6914.6
7441.8
7999.0
8587.9

0.001333
0.001349
0.001366
0.001384
0.001404

0.030153
0.027756
0.025554
0.023528
0.021659

1228.2
1253.7
1279.7
1306.0
1332.7

1358.2
1328.1
1296.9
1264.5
1230.9

2586.4
2581.8
2576.5
2570.5
2563.6

1236.7
1263.1
1289.8
1317.1
1344.8

1543.2
1510.7
1476.9
1441.6
1404.8

2779.9
2773.7
2766.7
2758.7
2749.6

3.0681
3.1144
3.1608
3.2076
3.2548

2.7898
2.7066
2.6225
2.5374
2.4511

5.8579
5.8210
5.7834
5.7450
5.7059

305
310
315
320
325

9209.4
9865.0
10,556
11,284
12,051

0.001425
0.001447
0.001472
0.001499
0.001528

0.019932
0.018333
0.016849
0.015470
0.014183

1360.0
1387.7
1416.1
1445.1
1475.0

1195.9
1159.3
1121.1
1080.9
1038.5

2555.8
2547.1
2537.2
2526.0
2513.4

1373.1
1402.0
1431.6
1462.0
1493.4

1366.3
1325.9
1283.4
1238.5
1191.0

2739.4
2727.9
2715.0
2700.6
2684.3

3.3024
3.3506
3.3994
3.4491
3.4998

2.3633
2.2737
2.1821
2.0881
1.9911

5.6657
5.6243
5.5816
5.5372
5.4908

330
335
340
345
350

12,858
13,707
14,601
15,541
16,529

0.001560
0.001597
0.001638
0.001685
0.001741

0.012979
0.011848
0.010783
0.009772
0.008806

1505.7
1537.5
1570.7
1605.5
1642.4

993.5
945.5
893.8
837.7
775.9

2499.2
2483.0
2464.5
2443.2
2418.3

1525.8
1559.4
1594.6
1631.7
1671.2

1140.3
1086.0
1027.4
963.4
892.7

2666.0
2645.4
2622.0
2595.1
2563.9

3.5516
3.6050
3.6602
3.7179
3.7788

1.8906
1.7857
1.6756
1.5585
1.4326

5.4422
5.3907
5.3358
5.2765
5.2114

355
360
365
370
373.95

17,570
18,666
19,822
21,044
22,064

0.001808
0.001895
0.002015
0.002217
0.003106

0.007872
0.006950
0.006009
0.004953
0.003106

1682.2
1726.2
1777.2
1844.5
2015.7

706.4
625.7
526.4
385.6
0

2388.6
2351.9
2303.6
2230.1
2015.7

1714.0
1761.5
1817.2
1891.2
2084.3

812.9
720.1
605.5
443.1
0

2526.9
2481.6
2422.7
2334.3
2084.3

3.8442
3.9165
4.0004
4.1119
4.4070

1.2942
1.1373
0.9489
0.6890
0

5.1384
5.0537
4.9493
4.8009
4.4070

Kaynak: A4 - A8 Tablolar, S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado tarafndan gelitirilen Engineering Equation Solver (EES) yazlm kullanlark retilmitir.
Hesaplarda, yksek doruluktahebap yapan Steam_(IAPWS) tarafndan yaynlanan 1995 Formulation for the Thermodynamic Properties of Ordinary
Water Substance for General and Scientific Use adl yayna dayaldr. Bu yayndaki formlasyon, ayn zamanda EES yazlmda da STEAM rutini olarak
kullanlabilir olan, Hear, Gallagher ve Kellin 1984 fomlasyonunun (NBS/NRC Steam Tables, Hemisphere Publishing Co., 1984) yerini almtr. Yeni formlasyon Saul ve Wagnerin (J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 893, 1987) korelasyonlarna dayanmakta olup, Internatonal Temperature Scale of 1990a gre
dzenlenmitir. Sz konusu dzenlemeler Wagner ve Pruss (J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 22, 783, 1993) tarafndan aklanmtr. Buzun zellikleri Hyland
ve Wexlere (Formulations for the Thermodynamic Properties of the Saturated Phases of H2O from 173.15 K to 473.15 K, ASHARE Trans., Part 2A,
Paper 2793, 1983) dayaldr.

ek

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Page 892

Termodinamik

TABLO A5
Doymu su - Basn tablosu
zgl hacim,
m3/kg
Doyma Doymu
Basn., scakl., sv,
P kPa Tdoy C vf

Doymu
buhar,
vg

enerji,
kJ/kg

Entalpi,
kJ/kg

Entropi,
kJ/(kg.K)

Doymu
Doymu
sv,
Buhar., buhar,
uf
ufg
ug

Doymu
Doymu Doymu
Doymu
sv,
Buhar., buhar, sv,
Buhar., buhar,
hf
hfg
hg
sf
sfg
sg

1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0

6.97
13.02
17.50
21.08
24.08

0.001000
0.001001
0.001001
0.001002
0.001003

129.19
87.964
66.990
54.242
45.654

29.302
54.686
73.431
88.422
100.98

2355.2
2338.1
2325.5
2315.4
2306.9

2384.5
2392.8
2398.9
2403.8
2407.9

29.303
54.688
73.433
88.424
100.98

2484.4
2470.1
2459.5
2451.0
2443.9

2513.7
2524.7
2532.9
2539.4
2544.8

0.1059
0.1956
0.2606
0.3118
0.3543

8.8690
8.6314
8.4621
8.3302
8.2222

8.9749
8.8270
8.7227
8.6421
8.5765

4.0
5.0
7.5
10
15

28.96
32.87
40.29
45.81
53.97

0.001004
0.001005
0.001008
0.001010
0.001014

34.791
28.185
19.233
14.670
10.020

121.39
137.75
168.74
191.79
225.93

2293.1
2282.1
2261.1
2245.4
2222.1

2414.5
2419.8
2429.8
2437.2
2448.0

121.39
137.75
168.75
191.81
225.94

2432.3
2423.0
2405.3
2392.1
2372.3

2553.7
2560.7
2574.0
2583.9
2598.3

0.4224
0.4762
0.5763
0.6492
0.7549

8.0510
7.9176
7.6738
7.4996
7.2522

8.4734
8.3938
8.2501
8.1488
8.0071

20
25
30
40
50

60.06
64.96
69.09
75.86
81.32

0.001017
0.001020
0.001022
0.001026
0.001030

7.6481
6.2034
5.2287
3.9933
3.2403

251.40
271.93
289.24
317.58
340.49

2204.6
2190.4
2178.5
2158.8
2142.7

2456.0
2462.4
2467.7
2476.3
2483.2

251.42
271.96
289.27
317.62
340.54

2357.5
2345.5
2335.3
2318.4
2304.7

2608.9
2617.5
2624.6
2636.1
2645.2

0.8320
0.8932
0.9441
1.0261
1.0912

7.0752
6.9370
6.8234
6.6430
6.5019

7.9073
7.8302
7.7675
7.6691
7.5931

75
91.76
100
99.61
101.325 99.97
125
105.97
150
111.35

0.001037
0.001043
0.001043
0.001048
0.001053

2.2172
1.6941
1.6734
1.3750
1.1594

384.36
417.40
418.95
444.23
466.97

2111.8
2088.2
2087.0
2068.8
2052.3

2496.1
2505.6
2506.0
2513.0
2519.2

384.44
417.51
419.06
444.36
467.13

2278.0
2257.5
2256.5
2240.6
2226.0

2662.4
2675.0
2675.6
2684.9
2693.1

1.2132
1.3028
1.3069
1.3741
1.4337

6.2426
6.0562
6.0476
5.9100
5.7894

7.4558
7.3589
7.3545
7.2841
7.2231

175
200
225
250
275

116.04
120.21
123.97
127.41
130.58

0.001057
0.001061
0.001064
0.001067
0.001070

1.0037
0.88578
0.79329
0.71873
0.65732

486.82
504.50
520.47
535.08
548.57

2037.7
2024.6
2012.7
2001.8
1991.6

2524.5
2529.1
2533.2
2536.8
2540.1

487.01
504.71
520.71
535.35
548.86

2213.1
2201.6
2191.0
2181.2
2172.0

2700.2
2706.3
2711.7
2716.5
2720.9

1.4850
1.5302
1.5706
1.6072
1.6408

5.6865
5.5968
5.5171
5.4453
5.3800

7.1716
7.1270
7.0877
7.0525
7.0207

300
325
350
375
400

133.52
136.27
138.86
141.30
143.61

0.001073
0.001076
0.001079
0.001081
0.001084

0.60582
0.56199
0.52422
0.49133
0.46242

561.11
572.84
583.89
594.32
604.22

1982.1
1973.1
1964.6
1956.6
1948.9

2543.2
2545.9
2548.5
2550.9
2553.1

561.43
573.19
584.26
594.73
604.66

2163.5
2155.4
2147.7
2140.4
2133.4

2724.9
2728.6
2732.0
2735.1
2738.1

1.6717
1.7005
1.7274
1.7526
1.7765

5.3200
5.2645
5.2128
5.1645
5.1191

6.9917
6.9650
6.9402
6.9171
6.8955

450
500
550
600
650

147.90
151.83
155.46
158.83
161.98

0.001088
0.001093
0.001097
0.001101
0.001104

0.41392
0.37483
0.34261
0.31560
0.29260

622.65
639.54
655.16
669.72
683.37

1934.5
1921.2
1908.8
1897.1
1886.1

2557.1
2560.7
2563.9
2566.8
2569.4

623.14
640.09
655.77
670.38
684.08

2120.3
2108.0
2096.6
2085.8
2075.5

2743.4
2748.1
2752.4
2756.2
2759.6

1.8205
1.8604
1.8970
1.9308
1.9623

5.0356
4.9603
4.8916
4.8285
4.7699

6.8561
6.8207
6.7886
6.7593
6.7322

700
750

164.95
167.75

0.001108
0.001111

0.27278
0.25552

696.23
708.40

1875.6
1865.6

2571.8
2574.0

697.00
709.24

2065.8
2056.4

2762.8
2765.7

1.9918
2.0195

4.7153
4.6642

6.7071
6.6837

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Ek 1

893

TABLO A5
Doymu su - Basn tablosu (Devam)
zgl hacim,
m3/kg
Doyma
Doymu
Basn., scakl., Sv,
P kPa
Tdoy C vf

enerji,
kJ/kg

Entalpi,
kJ/kg

Entalpi,
kJ/(kg.K)

Doymu
buhar,
vg

Doymu
Doymu Doymu
sv,
Buhar., buhar,
sv,
Buhar.,
uf
ufg
ug
hf
hfg

Doymu Doymu
Doymu
buhar, lsv,
Buhar., buhar,
hg
sf
sfg
sg

800
850
900
950
1000

170.41
172.94
175.35
177.66
179.88

0.001115
0.001118
0.001121
0.001124
0.001127

0.24035
0.22690
0.21489
0.20411
0.19436

719.97
731.00
741.55
751.67
761.39

1856.1
1846.9
1838.1
1829.6
1821.4

2576.0
2577.9
2579.6
2581.3
2582.8

720.87
731.95
742.56
752.74
762.51

2047.5
2038.8
2030.5
2022.4
2014.6

2768.3
2770.8
2773.0
2775.2
2777.1

2.0457
2.0705
2.0941
2.1166
2.1381

4.6160
4.5705
4.5273
4.4862
4.4470

6.6616
6.6409
6.6213
6.6027
6.5850

1100
1200
1300
1400
1500

184.06
187.96
191.60
195.04
198.29

0.001133
0.001138
0.001144
0.001149
0.001154

0.17745
0.16326
0.15119
0.14078
0.13171

779.78
796.96
813.10
828.35
842.82

1805.7
1790.9
1776.8
1763.4
1750.6

2585.5
2587.8
2589.9
2591.8
2593.4

781.03
798.33
814.59
829.96
844.55

1999.6
1985.4
1971.9
1958.9
1946.4

2780.7
2783.8
2786.5
2788.9
2791.0

2.1785
2.2159
2.2508
2.2835
2.3143

4.3735
4.3058
4.2428
4.1840
4.1287

6.5520
6.5217
6.4936
6.4675
6.4430

1750
2000
2250
2500
3000

205.72
212.38
218.41
223.95
233.85

0.001166
0.001177
0.001187
0.001197
0.001217

0.11344
0.099587
0.088717
0.079952
0.066667

876.12
906.12
933.54
958.87
1004.6

1720.6
1693.0
1667.3
1643.2
1598.5

2596.7 878.16
2599.1 908.47
2600.9 936.21
2602.1 961.87
2603.2 1008.3

1917.1
1889.8
1864.3
1840.1
1794.9

2795.2
2798.3
2800.5
2801.9
2803.2

2.3844
2.4467
2.5029
2.5542
2.6454

4.0033
3.8923
3.7926
3.7016
3.5402

6.3877
6.3390
6.2954
6.2558
6.1856

3500
4000
5000
6000
7000

242.56
250.35
263.94
275.59
285.83

0.001235
0.001252
0.001286
0.001319
0.001352

0.057061
0.049779
0.039448
0.032449
0.027378

1045.4
1082.4
1148.1
1205.8
1258.0

1557.6
1519.3
1448.9
1384.1
1323.0

2603.0
2601.7
2597.0
2589.9
2581.0

1049.7
1087.4
1154.5
1213.8
1267.5

1753.0
1713.5
1639.7
1570.9
1505.2

2802.7
2800.8
2794.2
2784.6
2772.6

2.7253
2.7966
2.9207
3.0275
3.1220

3.3991
3.2731
3.0530
2.8627
2.6927

6.1244
6.0696
5.9737
5.8902
5.8148

8000
9000
10,000
11,000
12,000

295.01
303.35
311.00
318.08
324.68

0.001384
0.001418
0.001452
0.001488
0.001526

0.023525
0.020489
0.018028
0.015988
0.014264

1306.0
1350.9
1393.3
1433.9
1473.0

1264.5
1207.6
1151.8
1096.6
1041.3

2570.5
2558.5
2545.2
2530.4
2514.3

1317.1
1363.7
1407.8
1450.2
1491.3

1441.6
1379.3
1317.6
1256.1
1194.1

2758.7
2742.9
2725.5
2706.3
2685.4

3.2077
3.2866
3.3603
3.4299
3.4964

2.5373
2.3925
2.2556
2.1245
1.9975

5.7450
5.6791
5.6159
5.5544
5.4939

13,000
14,000
15,000
16,000
17,000

330.85
336.67
342.16
347.36
352.29

0.001566
0.001610
0.001657
0.001710
0.001770

0.012781
0.011487
0.010341
0.009312
0.008374

1511.0
1548.4
1585.5
1622.6
1660.2

985.5
928.7
870.3
809.4
745.1

2496.6
2477.1
2455.7
2432.0
2405.4

1531.4
1571.0
1610.3
1649.9
1690.3

1131.3
1067.0
1000.5
931.1
857.4

2662.7
2637.9
2610.8
2581.0
2547.7

3.5606
3.6232
3.6848
3.7461
3.8082

1.8730
1.7497
1.6261
1.5005
1.3709

5.4336
5.3728
5.3108
5.2466
5.1791

18,000
19,000
20,000
21,000
22,000
22,064

356.99
361.47
365.75
369.83
373.71
373.95

0.001840
0.001926
0.002038
0.002207
0.002703
0.003106

0.007504
0.006677
0.005862
0.004994
0.003644
0.003106

1699.1
1740.3
1785.8
1841.6
1951.7
2015.7

675.9
598.9
509.0
391.9
140.8
0

2375.0
2339.2
2294.8
2233.5
2092.4
2015.7

1732.2
1776.8
1826.6
1888.0
2011.1
2084.3

777.8
689.2
585.5
450.4
161.5
0

2510.0
2466.0
2412.1
2338.4
2172.6
2084.3

3.8720
3.9396
4.0146
4.1071
4.2942
4.4070

1.2343
1.0860
0.9164
0.7005
0.2496
0

5.1064
5.0256
4.9310
4.8076
4.5439
4.4070

ek

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894

10:15

Page 894

Termodinamik

TABLO A6
Kzgn su buhar
T
C

u
kJ/kg

v
m3/kg

h
kJ/kg

s
v
kJ/kg  K m3/kg

P
0.01 MPa (45.81C)*

Doymu 14.670
50
100
150
200
250
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300

2437.2
2443.3
2515.5
2587.9
2661.4
2736.1
2812.3
2969.3
3132.9
3303.3
3480.8
3665.4
3856.9
4055.3
4260.0
4470.9
4687.4

14.867
17.196
19.513
21.826
24.136
26.446
31.063
35.680
40.296
44.911
49.527
54.143
58.758
63.373
67.989
72.604

2583.9
2592.0
2687.5
2783.0
2879.6
2977.5
3076.7
3280.0
3489.7
3706.3
3929.9
4160.6
4398.3
4642.8
4893.8
5150.8
5413.4

8.1488
8.1741
8.4489
8.6893
8.9049
9.1015
9.2827
9.6094
9.8998
10.1631
10.4056
10.6312
10.8429
11.0429
11.2326
11.4132
11.5857

P
0.20 MPa (120.21C)

Doymu
150
200
250
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300

0.88578
0.95986
1.08049
1.19890
1.31623
1.54934
1.78142
2.01302
2.24434
2.47550
2.70656
2.93755
3.16848
3.39938
3.63026

Doymu
200
250
300
350
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300

0.37483
0.42503
0.47443
0.52261
0.57015
0.61731
0.71095
0.80409
0.89696
0.98966
1.08227
1.17480
1.26728
1.35972
1.45214

2529.1
2577.1
2654.6
2731.4
2808.8
2967.2
3131.4
3302.2
3479.9
3664.7
3856.3
4054.8
4259.6
4470.5
4687.1

2706.3
2769.1
2870.7
2971.2
3072.1
3277.0
3487.7
3704.8
3928.8
4159.8
4397.7
4642.3
4893.3
5150.4
5413.1

7.1270
7.2810
7.5081
7.7100
7.8941
8.2236
8.5153
8.7793
9.0221
9.2479
9.4598
9.6599
9.8497
10.0304
10.2029

P
0.50 MPa (151.83C)

2560.7
2643.3
2723.8
2803.3
2883.0
2963.7
3129.0
3300.4
3478.6
3663.6
3855.4
4054.0
4259.0
4470.0
4686.6

2748.1
2855.8
2961.0
3064.6
3168.1
3272.4
3484.5
3702.5
3927.0
4158.4
4396.6
4641.4
4892.6
5149.8
5412.6

6.8207
7.0610
7.2725
7.4614
7.6346
7.7956
8.0893
8.3544
8.5978
8.8240
9.0362
9.2364
9.4263
9.6071
9.7797

u
kJ/kg

Belirtilen basnta doymu buharn zelikleri.

s
kJ/kg  K

P
0.05 MPa (81.32C)

v
m3/kg

u
kJ/kg

h
s
kJ/kg kJ/(kg.K)

P
0.10 MPa (99.61C)

3.2403

2483.2

2645.2

7.5931

1.6941

2505.6

2675.0

3.4187
3.8897
4.3562
4.8206
5.2841
6.2094
7.1338
8.0577
8.9813
9.9047
10.8280
11.7513
12.6745
13.5977
14.5209

2511.5
2585.7
2660.0
2735.1
2811.6
2968.9
3132.6
3303.1
3480.6
3665.2
3856.8
4055.2
4259.9
4470.8
4687.3

2682.4
2780.2
2877.8
2976.2
3075.8
3279.3
3489.3
3706.0
3929.7
4160.4
4398.2
4642.7
4893.7
5150.7
5413.3

7.6953
7.9413
8.1592
8.3568
8.5387
8.8659
9.1566
9.4201
9.6626
9.8883
10.1000
10.3000
10.4897
10.6704
10.8429

1.6959
1.9367
2.1724
2.4062
2.6389
3.1027
3.5655
4.0279
4.4900
4.9519
5.4137
5.8755
6.3372
6.7988
7.2605

2506.2
2582.9
2658.2
2733.9
2810.7
2968.3
3132.2
3302.8
3480.4
3665.0
3856.7
4055.0
4259.8
4470.7
4687.2

2675.8 7.3611
2776.6 7.6148
2875.5 7.8356
2974.5 8.0346
3074.5 8.2172
3278.6 8.5452
3488.7 8.8362
3705.6 9.0999
3929.4 9.3424
4160.2 9.5682
4398.0 9.7800
4642.6 9.9800
4893.6 10.1698
5150.6 10.3504
5413.3 10.5229

P
0.30 MPa (133.52C)

0.60582
0.63402
0.71643
0.79645
0.87535
1.03155
1.18672
1.34139
1.49580
1.65004
1.80417
1.95824
2.11226
2.26624
2.42019

2543.2
2571.0
2651.0
2728.9
2807.0
2966.0
3130.6
3301.6
3479.5
3664.3
3856.0
4054.5
4259.4
4470.3
4686.9

2724.9 6.9917
2761.2 7.0792
2865.9 7.3132
2967.9 7.5180
3069.6 7.7037
3275.5 8.0347
3486.6 8.3271
3704.0 8.5915
3928.2 8.8345
4159.3 9.0605
4397.3 9.2725
4642.0 9.4726
4893.1 9.6624
5150.2 9.8431
5413.0 10.0157

P
0.60 MPa (158.83C)

0.31560
0.35212
0.39390
0.43442
0.47428
0.51374
0.59200
0.66976
0.74725
0.82457
0.90179
0.97893
1.05603
1.13309
1.21012

*Parantez iinde verilen scaklklar, belirtilen basntaki doyma scakldr.

h
kJ/kg

2566.8
2639.4
2721.2
2801.4
2881.6
2962.5
3128.2
3299.8
3478.1
3663.2
3855.1
4053.8
4258.8
4469.8
4686.4

2756.2
2850.6
2957.6
3062.0
3166.1
3270.8
3483.4
3701.7
3926.4
4157.9
4396.2
4641.1
4892.4
5149.6
5412.5

6.7593
6.9683
7.1833
7.3740
7.5481
7.7097
8.0041
8.2695
8.5132
8.7395
8.9518
9.1521
9.3420
9.5229
9.6955

7.3589

P
0.40 MPa (143.61C)

0.46242
0.47088
0.53434
0.59520
0.65489
0.77265
0.88936
1.00558
1.12152
1.23730
1.35298
1.46859
1.58414
1.69966
1.81516

2553.1
2564.4
2647.2
2726.4
2805.1
2964.9
3129.8
3301.0
3479.0
3663.9
3855.7
4054.3
4259.2
4470.2
4686.7

2738.1
2752.8
2860.9
2964.5
3067.1
3273.9
3485.5
3703.3
3927.6
4158.9
4396.9
4641.7
4892.9
5150.0
5412.8

6.8955
6.9306
7.1723
7.3804
7.5677
7.9003
8.1933
8.4580
8.7012
8.9274
9.1394
9.3396
9.5295
9.7102
9.8828

P
0.80 MPa (170.41C)

0.24035
0.26088
0.29321
0.32416
0.35442
0.38429
0.44332
0.50186
0.56011
0.61820
0.67619
0.73411
0.79197
0.84980
0.90761

2576.0
2631.1
2715.9
2797.5
2878.6
2960.2
3126.6
3298.7
3477.2
3662.5
3854.5
4053.3
4258.3
4469.4
4686.1

2768.3
2839.8
2950.4
3056.9
3162.2
3267.7
3481.3
3700.1
3925.3
4157.0
4395.5
4640.5
4891.9
5149.3
5412.2

6.6616
6.8177
7.0402
7.2345
7.4107
7.5735
7.8692
8.1354
8.3794
8.6061
8.8185
9.0189
9.2090
9.3898
9.5625

ek

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10:15

Page 895

Ek 1

895

TABLO A6
Kzgn su buhar (Devam)
T
C

u
kJ/kg

v
m3/kg

h
kJ/kg

s
v
kJ/(kg.K) m3/kg

P
1.00 MPa (179.88C)

Doymu 0.19437
200
0.20602
250
0.23275
300
0.25799
350
0.28250
400
0.30661
500
0.35411
600
0.40111
700
0.44783
800
0.49438
900
0.54083
1000
0.58721
1100
0.63354
1200
0.67983
1300
0.72610

2582.8
2622.3
2710.4
2793.7
2875.7
2957.9
3125.0
3297.5
3476.3
3661.7
3853.9
4052.7
4257.9
4469.0
4685.8

2777.1
2828.3
2943.1
3051.6
3158.2
3264.5
3479.1
3698.6
3924.1
4156.1
4394.8
4640.0
4891.4
5148.9
5411.9

6.5850
6.6956
6.9265
7.1246
7.3029
7.4670
7.7642
8.0311
8.2755
8.5024
8.7150
8.9155
9.1057
9.2866
9.4593

2594.8
2645.1
2692.9
2781.6
2866.6
2950.8
3120.1
3293.9
3473.5
3659.5
3852.1
4051.2
4256.6
4467.9
4684.8

2792.8
2857.8
2919.9
3035.4
3146.0
3254.9
3472.6
3693.9
3920.5
4153.4
4392.6
4638.2
4890.0
5147.7
5410.9

6.4200
6.5537
6.6753
6.8864
7.0713
7.2394
7.5410
7.8101
8.0558
8.2834
8.4965
8.6974
8.8878
9.0689
9.2418

0.16326
0.16934
0.19241
0.21386
0.23455
0.25482
0.29464
0.33395
0.37297
0.41184
0.45059
0.48928
0.52792
0.56652
0.60509

2602.1
2604.8
2663.3
2762.2
2852.5
2939.8
3026.2
3112.8
3288.5
3469.3
3656.2
3849.4
4049.0
4254.7
4466.3
4683.4

2801.9
2805.5
2880.9
3009.6
3127.0
3240.1
3351.6
3462.8
3686.8
3915.2
4149.2
4389.3
4635.6
4887.9
5146.0
5409.5

6.2558
6.2629
6.4107
6.6459
6.8424
7.0170
7.1768
7.3254
7.5979
7.8455
8.0744
8.2882
8.4897
8.6804
8.8618
9.0349

2587.8
2612.9
2704.7
2789.7
2872.7
2955.5
3123.4
3296.3
3475.3
3661.0
3853.3
4052.2
4257.5
4468.7
4685.5

s
v
kJ/(kg.K) m3/kg

2783.8
2816.1
2935.6
3046.3
3154.2
3261.3
3477.0
3697.0
3922.9
4155.2
4394.0
4639.4
4891.0
5148.5
5411.6

6.5217
6.5909
6.8313
7.0335
7.2139
7.3793
7.6779
7.9456
8.1904
8.4176
8.6303
8.8310
9.0212
9.2022
9.3750

P
1.80 MPa (207.11C)

0.11037
0.11678
0.12502
0.14025
0.15460
0.16849
0.19551
0.22200
0.24822
0.27426
0.30020
0.32606
0.35188
0.37766
0.40341

P
2.50 MPa (223.95C)

Doymu 0.07995
225
0.08026
250
0.08705
300
0.09894
350
0.10979
400
0.12012
450
0.13015
500
0.13999
600
0.15931
700
0.17835
800
0.19722
900
0.21597
1000
0.23466
1100
0.25330
1200
0.27190
1300
0.29048

h
kJ/kg

P
1.20 MPa (187.96C)

P
1.60 MPa (201.37C)

Doymu 0.12374
225
0.13293
250
0.14190
300
0.15866
350
0.17459
400
0.19007
500
0.22029
600
0.24999
700
0.27941
800
0.30865
900
0.33780
1000
0.36687
1100
0.39589
1200
0.42488
1300
0.45383

u
kJ/kg

2597.3
2637.0
2686.7
2777.4
2863.6
2948.3
3118.5
3292.7
3472.6
3658.8
3851.5
4050.7
4256.2
4467.6
4684.5

2795.9
2847.2
2911.7
3029.9
3141.9
3251.6
3470.4
3692.3
3919.4
4152.4
4391.9
4637.6
4889.6
5147.3
5410.6

6.3775
6.4825
6.6088
6.8246
7.0120
7.1814
7.4845
7.7543
8.0005
8.2284
8.4417
8.6427
8.8331
9.0143
9.1872

P
3.00 MPa (233.85C)

0.06667

2603.2

0.07063
0.08118
0.09056
0.09938
0.10789
0.11620
0.13245
0.14841
0.16420
0.17988
0.19549
0.21105
0.22658
0.24207

2644.7
2750.8
2844.4
2933.6
3021.2
3108.6
3285.5
3467.0
3654.3
3847.9
4047.7
4253.6
4465.3
4682.6

2803.2
2856.5
2994.3
3116.1
3231.7
3344.9
3457.2
3682.8
3912.2
4146.9
4387.5
4634.2
4886.7
5145.1
5408.8

u
kJ/kg

h
kJ/kg

s
kJ/(kg.K)

P
1.40 MPa (195.04C)

0.14078
0.14303
0.16356
0.18233
0.20029
0.21782
0.25216
0.28597
0.31951
0.35288
0.38614
0.41933
0.45247
0.48558
0.51866

2591.8
2602.7
2698.9
2785.7
2869.7
2953.1
3121.8
3295.1
3474.4
3660.3
3852.7
4051.7
4257.0
4468.3
4685.1

2788.9
2803.0
2927.9
3040.9
3150.1
3258.1
3474.8
3695.5
3921.7
4154.3
4393.3
4638.8
4890.5
5148.1
5411.3

6.4675
6.4975
6.7488
6.9553
7.1379
7.3046
7.6047
7.8730
8.1183
8.3458
8.5587
8.7595
8.9497
9.1308
9.3036

P
2.00 MPa (212.38C)

0.09959
0.10381
0.11150
0.12551
0.13860
0.15122
0.17568
0.19962
0.22326
0.24674
0.27012
0.29342
0.31667
0.33989
0.36308

2599.1
2628.5
2680.3
2773.2
2860.5
2945.9
3116.9
3291.5
3471.7
3658.0
3850.9
4050.2
4255.7
4467.2
4684.2

2798.3
2836.1
2903.3
3024.2
3137.7
3248.4
3468.3
3690.7
3918.2
4151.5
4391.1
4637.1
4889.1
5147.0
5410.3

6.3390
6.4160
6.5475
6.7684
6.9583
7.1292
7.4337
7.7043
7.9509
8.1791
8.3925
8.5936
8.7842
8.9654
9.1384

P
3.50 MPa (242.56C)

6.1856

0.05706

2603.0

2802.7 6.1244

6.2893
6.5412
6.7450
6.9235
7.0856
7.2359
7.5103
7.7590
7.9885
8.2028
8.4045
8.5955
8.7771
8.9502

0.05876
0.06845
0.07680
0.08456
0.09198
0.09919
0.11325
0.12702
0.14061
0.15410
0.16751
0.18087
0.19420
0.20750

2624.0
2738.8
2836.0
2927.2
3016.1
3104.5
3282.5
3464.7
3652.5
3846.4
4046.4
4252.5
4464.4
4681.8

2829.7
2978.4
3104.9
3223.2
3338.1
3451.7
3678.9
3909.3
4144.6
4385.7
4632.7
4885.6
5144.1
5408.0

6.1764
6.4484
6.6601
6.8428
7.0074
7.1593
7.4357
7.6855
7.9156
8.1304
8.3324
8.5236
8.7053
8.8786

ek

11/6/08

896

10:15

Page 896

Termodinamik

TABLO A6
Kzn su buhar (Devam)
T
C

u
kJ/kg

v
m3/kg

h
kJ/kg

s
v
kJ/(kg.K) m3/kg

u
kJ/kg

P
4.0 MPa (250.35C)

Doymu 0.04978
275
0.05461
300
0.05887
350
0.06647
400
0.07343
450
0.08004
500
0.08644
600
0.09886
700
0.11098
800
0.12292
900
0.13476
1000
0.14653
1100
0.15824
1200
0.16992
1300
0.18157

2601.7
2668.9
2726.2
2827.4
2920.8
3011.0
3100.3
3279.4
3462.4
3650.6
3844.8
4045.1
4251.4
4463.5
4680.9

2800.8
2887.3
2961.7
3093.3
3214.5
3331.2
3446.0
3674.9
3906.3
4142.3
4383.9
4631.2
4884.4
5143.2
5407.2

6.0696
6.2312
6.3639
6.5843
6.7714
6.9386
7.0922
7.3706
7.6214
7.8523
8.0675
8.2698
8.4612
8.6430
8.8164

P
6.0 MPa (275.59C)

Doymu 0.03245
300
0.03619
350
0.04225
400
0.04742
450
0.05217
500
0.05667
550
0.06102
600
0.06527
700
0.07355
800
0.08165
900
0.08964
1000
0.09756
1100
0.10543
1200
0.11326
1300
0.12107

2589.9
2668.4
2790.4
2893.7
2989.9
3083.1
3175.2
3267.2
3453.0
3643.2
3838.8
4040.1
4247.1
4459.8
4677.7

2784.6
2885.6
3043.9
3178.3
3302.9
3423.1
3541.3
3658.8
3894.3
4133.1
4376.6
4625.4
4879.7
5139.4
5404.1

5.8902
6.0703
6.3357
6.5432
6.7219
6.8826
7.0308
7.1693
7.4247
7.6582
7.8751
8.0786
8.2709
8.4534
8.6273

P
9.0 MPa (303.35C)

Doymu 0.020489
325
0.023284
350
0.025816
400
0.029960
450
0.033524
500
0.036793
550
0.039885
600
0.042861
650
0.045755
700
0.048589
800
0.054132
900
0.059562
1000
0.064919
1100
0.070224
1200
0.075492
1300
0.080733

2558.5
2647.6
2725.0
2849.2
2956.3
3056.3
3153.0
3248.4
3343.4
3438.8
3632.0
3829.6
4032.4
4240.7
4454.2
4672.9

2742.9
2857.1
2957.3
3118.8
3258.0
3387.4
3512.0
3634.1
3755.2
3876.1
4119.2
4365.7
4616.7
4872.7
5133.6
5399.5

5.6791
5.8738
6.0380
6.2876
6.4872
6.6603
6.8164
6.9605
7.0954
7.2229
7.4606
7.6802
7.8855
8.0791
8.2625
8.4371

h
kJ/kg

s
v
kJ/kg  K m3/kg

P
4.5 MPa (257.44C)

0.04406
0.04733
0.05138
0.05842
0.06477
0.07076
0.07652
0.08766
0.09850
0.10916
0.11972
0.13020
0.14064
0.15103
0.16140

2599.7
2651.4
2713.0
2818.6
2914.2
3005.8
3096.0
3276.4
3460.0
3648.8
3843.3
4043.9
4250.4
4462.6
4680.1

2798.0
2864.4
2944.2
3081.5
3205.7
3324.2
3440.4
3670.9
3903.3
4140.0
4382.1
4629.8
4883.2
5142.2
5406.5

6.0198
6.1429
6.2854
6.5153
6.7071
6.8770
7.0323
7.3127
7.5647
7.7962
8.0118
8.2144
8.4060
8.5880
8.7616

P
7.0 MPa (285.83C)

0.027378
0.029492
0.035262
0.039958
0.044187
0.048157
0.051966
0.055665
0.062850
0.069856
0.076750
0.083571
0.090341
0.097075
0.103781

2581.0
2633.5
2770.1
2879.5
2979.0
3074.3
3167.9
3261.0
3448.3
3639.5
3835.7
4037.5
4245.0
4457.9
4676.1

2772.6
2839.9
3016.9
3159.2
3288.3
3411.4
3531.6
3650.6
3888.3
4128.5
4373.0
4622.5
4877.4
5137.4
5402.6

5.8148
5.9337
6.2305
6.4502
6.6353
6.8000
6.9507
7.0910
7.3487
7.5836
7.8014
8.0055
8.1982
8.3810
8.5551

P
10.0 MPa (311.00C)

0.018028
0.019877
0.022440
0.026436
0.029782
0.032811
0.035655
0.038378
0.041018
0.043597
0.048629
0.053547
0.058391
0.063183
0.067938
0.072667

2545.2
2611.6
2699.6
2833.1
2944.5
3047.0
3145.4
3242.0
3338.0
3434.0
3628.2
3826.5
4029.9
4238.5
4452.4
4671.3

2725.5
2810.3
2924.0
3097.5
3242.4
3375.1
3502.0
3625.8
3748.1
3870.0
4114.5
4362.0
4613.8
4870.3
5131.7
5398.0

5.6159
5.7596
5.9460
6.2141
6.4219
6.5995
6.7585
6.9045
7.0408
7.1693
7.4085
7.6290
7.8349
8.0289
8.2126
8.3874

u
kJ/kg

h
s
kJ/kg kJ/(kg.K)

P
5.0 MPa (263.94C)

0.03945
0.04144
0.04535
0.05197
0.05784
0.06332
0.06858
0.07870
0.08852
0.09816
0.10769
0.11715
0.12655
0.13592
0.14527

2597.0
2632.3
2699.0
2809.5
2907.5
3000.6
3091.8
3273.3
3457.7
3646.9
3841.8
4042.6
4249.3
4461.6
4679.3

2794.2
2839.5
2925.7
3069.3
3196.7
3317.2
3434.7
3666.9
3900.3
4137.7
4380.2
4628.3
4882.1
5141.3
5405.7

5.9737
6.0571
6.2111
6.4516
6.6483
6.8210
6.9781
7.2605
7.5136
7.7458
7.9619
8.1648
8.3566
8.5388
8.7124

P
8.0 MPa (295.01C)

0.023525
0.024279
0.029975
0.034344
0.038194
0.041767
0.045172
0.048463
0.054829
0.061011
0.067082
0.073079
0.079025
0.084934
0.090817

2570.5
2592.3
2748.3
2864.6
2967.8
3065.4
3160.5
3254.7
3443.6
3635.7
3832.7
4035.0
4242.8
4456.1
4674.5

2758.7
2786.5
2988.1
3139.4
3273.3
3399.5
3521.8
3642.4
3882.2
4123.8
4369.3
4619.6
4875.0
5135.5
5401.0

5.7450
5.7937
6.1321
6.3658
6.5579
6.7266
6.8800
7.0221
7.2822
7.5185
7.7372
7.9419
8.1350
8.3181
8.4925

P
12.5 MPa (327.81C)

0.013496

2505.6

2674.3 5.4638

0.016138
0.020030
0.023019
0.025630
0.028033
0.030306
0.032491
0.034612
0.038724
0.042720
0.046641
0.050510
0.054342
0.058147

2624.9
2789.6
2913.7
3023.2
3126.1
3225.8
3324.1
3422.0
3618.8
3818.9
4023.5
4233.1
4447.7
4667.3

2826.6
3040.0
3201.5
3343.6
3476.5
3604.6
3730.2
3854.6
4102.8
4352.9
4606.5
4864.5
5127.0
5394.1

5.7130
6.0433
6.2749
6.4651
6.6317
6.7828
6.9227
7.0540
7.2967
7.5195
7.7269
7.9220
8.1065
8.2819

ek

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Page 897

Ek 1

897

TABLO A6
Kzgn su buhar
T
C

u
kJ/kg

v
m3/kg

h
kJ/kg

s
v
kJ/(kg.K) m3/kg

P
15.0 MPa (342.16C)

Doymu0.010341
350 0.011481
400 0.015671
450 0.018477
500 0.020828
550 0.022945
600 0.024921
650 0.026804
700 0.028621
800 0.032121
900 0.035503
1000 0.038808
1100
0.042062
1200 0.045279
1300 0.048469

2455.7
2520.9
2740.6
2880.8
2998.4
3106.2
3209.3
3310.1
3409.8
3609.3
3811.2
4017.1
4227.7
4443.1
4663.3

375
400
425
450
500
550
600
650
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300

0.001978
0.006005
0.007886
0.009176
0.011143
0.012736
0.014140
0.015430
0.016643
0.018922
0.021075
0.023150
0.025172
0.027157
0.029115

1799.9
2428.5
2607.8
2721.2
2887.3
3020.8
3140.0
3251.9
3359.9
3570.7
3780.2
3991.5
4206.1
4424.6
4647.2

375
400
425
450
500
550
600
650
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300

0.001641
0.001911
0.002538
0.003692
0.005623
0.006985
0.008089
0.009053
0.009930
0.011521
0.012980
0.014360
0.015686
0.016976
0.018239

1677.0
1855.0
2097.5
2364.2
2681.6
2875.1
3026.8
3159.5
3282.0
3511.8
3733.3
3952.9
4173.7
4396.9
4623.3

2610.8
2693.1
2975.7
3157.9
3310.8
3450.4
3583.1
3712.1
3839.1
4091.1
4343.7
4599.2
4858.6
5122.3
5390.3

s
v
kJ/(kg.K) m3/kg

u
kJ/kg

h
s
kJ/kg kJ/(kg.K)

P
20.0 MPa (365.75C)

5.3108
5.4438
5.8819
6.1434
6.3480
6.5230
6.6796
6.8233
6.9573
7.2037
7.4288
7.6378
7.8339
8.0192
8.1952

0.007932

2390.7 2529.5 5.1435

0.005862

2294.8

2412.1

4.9310

0.012463
0.015204
0.017385
0.019305
0.021073
0.022742
0.024342
0.027405
0.030348
0.033215
0.036029
0.038806
0.041556

2684.3
2845.4
2972.4
3085.8
3192.5
3295.8
3397.5
3599.7
3803.5
4010.7
4222.3
4438.5
4659.2

5.7211
6.0212
6.2424
6.4266
6.5890
6.7366
6.8735
7.1237
7.3511
7.5616
7.7588
7.9449
8.1215

0.009950
0.012721
0.014793
0.016571
0.018185
0.019695
0.021134
0.023870
0.026484
0.029020
0.031504
0.033952
0.036371

2617.9
2807.3
2945.3
3064.7
3175.3
3281.4
3385.1
3590.1
3795.7
4004.3
4216.9
4433.8
4655.2

2816.9
3061.7
3241.2
3396.2
3539.0
3675.3
3807.8
4067.5
4325.4
4584.7
4847.0
5112.9
5382.7

5.5526
5.9043
6.1446
6.3390
6.5075
6.6593
6.7991
7.0531
7.2829
7.4950
7.6933
7.8802
8.0574

4.0345
5.1400
5.4708
5.6759
5.9643
6.1816
6.3637
6.5243
6.6702
6.9322
7.1668
7.3821
7.5825
7.7710
7.9494

0.001792
0.002798
0.005299
0.006737
0.008691
0.010175
0.011445
0.012590
0.013654
0.015628
0.017473
0.019240
0.020954
0.022630
0.024279

3.9313
4.4758
5.1473
5.4422
5.7956
6.0403
6.2373
6.4074
6.5599
6.8301
7.0695
7.2880
7.4906
7.6807
7.8602

0.001701
0.002105
0.003434
0.004957
0.006933
0.008348
0.009523
0.010565
0.011523
0.013278
0.014904
0.016450
0.017942
0.019398
0.020827

1702.8
1914.9
2253.3
2497.5
2755.3
2925.8
3065.6
3190.9
3308.3
3531.6
3749.0
3965.8
4184.4
4406.1
4631.2

3.8290
4.1145
4.5044
4.9449
5.4744
5.7857
6.0170
6.2078
6.3740
6.6613
6.9107
7.1355
7.3425
7.5357
7.7175

0.001560
0.001731
0.002009
0.002487
0.003890
0.005118
0.006108
0.006957
0.007717
0.009073
0.010296
0.011441
0.012534
0.013590
0.014620

3.7642
4.0029
4.2746
4.5896
5.1762
5.5563
5.8245
6.0373
6.2179
6.5225
6.7819
7.0131
7.2244
7.4207
7.6048

0.001503
0.001633
0.001816
0.002086
0.002952
0.003955
0.004833
0.005591
0.006265
0.007456
0.008519
0.009504
0.010439
0.011339
0.012213

1609.7
1745.2
1892.9
2055.1
2393.2
2664.6
2866.8
3031.3
3175.4
3432.6
3670.9
3902.0
4130.9
4360.5
4591.8

2902.4
3111.4
3276.7
3423.6
3561.3
3693.8
3823.5
4079.3
4334.6
4592.0
4852.8
5117.6
5386.5

P
30.0 MPa

P
40.0 MPa
1742.6
1931.4
2199.0
2511.8
2906.5
3154.4
3350.4
3521.6
3679.2
3972.6
4252.5
4527.3
4801.1
5075.9
5352.8

h
kJ/kg

P
17.5 MPa (354.67C)

P
25.0 MPa
1849.4
2578.7
2805.0
2950.6
3165.9
3339.2
3493.5
3637.7
3776.0
4043.8
4307.1
4570.2
4835.4
5103.5
5375.1

u
kJ/kg

1738.1
2068.9
2452.9
2618.9
2824.0
2974.5
3103.4
3221.7
3334.3
3551.2
3764.6
3978.6
4195.2
4415.3
4639.2

1791.9
2152.8
2611.8
2821.0
3084.8
3279.7
3446.8
3599.4
3743.9
4020.0
4288.8
4555.8
4823.9
5094.2
5367.6

P
35.0 MPa

P
50.0 MPa
1638.6
1787.8
1960.3
2160.3
2528.1
2769.5
2947.1
3095.6
3228.7
3472.2
3702.0
3927.4
4152.2
4378.6
4607.5

1716.6
1874.4
2060.7
2284.7
2722.6
3025.4
3252.6
3443.5
3614.6
3925.8
4216.8
4499.4
4778.9
5058.1
5338.5

1762.4
1988.6
2373.5
2671.0
2997.9
3218.0
3399.0
3560.7
3711.6
3996.3
4270.6
4541.5
4812.4
5085.0
5360.2

3.8724
4.2144
4.7751
5.1946
5.6331
5.9093
6.1229
6.3030
6.4623
6.7409
6.9853
7.2069
7.4118
7.6034
7.7841

P
60.0 MPa
1699.9
1843.2
2001.8
2180.2
2570.3
2901.9
3156.8
3366.8
3551.3
3880.0
4182.1
4472.2
4757.3
5040.8
5324.5

3.7149
3.9317
4.1630
4.4140
4.9356
5.3517
5.6527
5.8867
6.0814
6.4033
6.6725
6.9099
7.1255
7.3248
7.5111

ek

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898

10:15

Page 898

Termodinamik

TABLO A7
Sktrlm sv buhar
T
C

u
kJ/kg

v
m3/kg

h
kJ/kg

s
v
(kJ/kg.K) m3/kg

P
5 MPa (263.94C)
Doymu 0.0012862
0
0.0009977
20
0.0009996
40
0.0010057
60
0.0010149
80
0.0010267
100
0.0010410
120
0.0010576
140
0.0010769
160
0.0010988
180
0.0011240
200
0.0011531
220
0.0011868
240
0.0012268
260
0.0012755
280
300
320
340

1148.1
1154.5
0.04
5.03
83.61
88.61
166.92
171.95
250.29
255.36
333.82
338.96
417.65
422.85
501.91
507.19
586.80
592.18
672.55
678.04
759.47
765.09
847.92
853.68
938.39
944.32
1031.6
1037.7
1128.5
1134.9

u
kJ/kg

1785.8
0.23
82.71
165.17
247.75
330.50
413.50
496.85
580.71
665.28
750.78
837.49
925.77
1016.1
1109.0
1205.6
1307.2
1416.6
1540.2
1703.6

1826.6
20.03
102.57
185.16
267.92
350.90
434.17
517.84
602.07
687.05
773.02
860.27
949.16
1040.2
1134.0
1231.5
1334.4
1445.5
1571.6
1740.1

s
v
kJ/kg  K m3/kg

P
10 MPa (311.00C)
2.9207
0.0001
0.2954
0.5705
0.8287
1.0723
1.3034
1.5236
1.7344
1.9374
2.1338
2.3251
2.5127
2.6983
2.8841

0.0014522
0.0009952
0.0009973
0.0010035
0.0010127
0.0010244
0.0010385
0.0010549
0.0010738
0.0010954
0.0011200
0.0011482
0.0011809
0.0012192
0.0012653
0.0013226
0.0013980

P
20 MPa (365.75C)
Doymu 0.0020378
0
0.0009904
20
0.0009929
40
0.0009992
60
0.0010084
80
0.0010199
100
0.0010337
120
0.0010496
140
0.0010679
160
0.0010886
180
0.0011122
200
0.0011390
220
0.0011697
240
0.0012053
260
0.0012472
280
0.0012978
300
0.0013611
320
0.0014450
340
0.0015693
360
0.0018248
380

h
kJ/kg

1393.3
0.12
83.31
166.33
249.43
332.69
416.23
500.18
584.72
670.06
756.48
844.32
934.01
1026.2
1121.6
1221.8
1329.4

1407.9
10.07
93.28
176.37
259.55
342.94
426.62
510.73
595.45
681.01
767.68
855.80
945.82
1038.3
1134.3
1235.0
1343.3

u
kJ/kg

P
15 MPa (342.16C)
3.3603
0.0003
0.2943
0.5685
0.8260
1.0691
1.2996
1.5191
1.7293
1.9316
2.1271
2.3174
2.5037
2.6876
2.8710
3.0565
3.2488

0.0016572
0.0009928
0.0009951
0.0010013
0.0010105
0.0010221
0.0010361
0.0010522
0.0010708
0.0010920
0.0011160
0.0011435
0.0011752
0.0012121
0.0012560
0.0013096
0.0013783
0.0014733
0.0016311

P
30 MPa
4.0146
0.0005
0.2921
0.5646
0.8208
1.0627
1.2920
1.5105
1.7194
1.9203
2.1143
2.3027
2.4867
2.6676
2.8469
3.0265
3.2091
3.3996
3.6086
3.8787

0.0009857
0.0009886
0.0009951
0.0010042
0.0010155
0.0010290
0.0010445
0.0010623
0.0010823
0.0011049
0.0011304
0.0011595
0.0011927
0.0012314
0.0012770
0.0013322
0.0014014
0.0014932
0.0016276
0.0018729

0.29
82.11
164.05
246.14
328.40
410.87
493.66
576.90
660.74
745.40
831.11
918.15
1006.9
1097.8
1191.5
1288.9
1391.7
1502.4
1626.8
1782.0

29.86
111.77
193.90
276.26
358.86
441.74
525.00
608.76
693.21
778.55
865.02
952.93
1042.7
1134.7
1229.8
1328.9
1433.7
1547.1
1675.6
1838.2

h
s
kJ/kg (kJ/kg.K)

1585.5
0.18
83.01
165.75
248.58
331.59
414.85
498.50
582.69
667.63
753.58
840.84
929.81
1021.0
1115.1
1213.4
1317.6
1431.9
1567.9

1610.3
15.07
97.93
180.77
263.74
346.92
430.39
514.28
598.75
684.01
770.32
858.00
947.43
1039.2
1134.0
1233.0
1338.3
1454.0
1592.4

3.6848
0.0004
0.2932
0.5666
0.8234
1.0659
1.2958
1.5148
1.7243
1.9259
2.1206
2.3100
2.4951
2.6774
2.8586
3.0410
3.2279
3.4263
3.6555

P
50 MPa
0.0003
0.2897
0.5607
0.8156
1.0564
1.2847
1.5020
1.7098
1.9094
2.1020
2.2888
2.4707
2.6491
2.8250
3.0001
3.1761
3.3558
3.5438
3.7499
4.0026

0.0009767
0.0009805
0.0009872
0.0009962
0.0010072
0.0010201
0.0010349
0.0010517
0.0010704
0.0010914
0.0011149
0.0011412
0.0011708
0.0012044
0.0012430
0.0012879
0.0013409
0.0014049
0.0014848
0.0015884

0.29
80.93
161.90
243.08
324.42
405.94
487.69
569.77
652.33
735.49
819.45
904.39
990.55
1078.2
1167.7
1259.6
1354.3
1452.9
1556.5
1667.1

49.13 0.0010
129.95
0.2845
211.25
0.5528
292.88
0.8055
374.78
1.0442
456.94
1.2705
539.43
1.4859
622.36
1.6916
705.85
1.8889
790.06
2.0790
875.19
2.2628
961.45
2.4414
1049.1
2.6156
1138.4
2.7864
1229.9
2.9547
1324.0
3.1218
1421.4
3.2888
1523.1
3.4575
1630.7
3.6301
1746.5
3.8102

ek

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10:15

Page 899

Ek 1

899

TABLO A8
Doymu buz - su buhar
zgl hacim,
m3/kg

enerji,
kJ/kg

Entalpi,
kJ/kg

Entropi,
kJ/(kg.K)

Doymu Doymu
Scaklk.,basnc, buz,
T C
Pdoy kPa vi

Doymu Doymu
Doymu Doymu
Doymu Doymu
Doymu
buhar,
buz,
Sbl., buhar, buz,
Sbl., buhar,
buz,
Sbl., buhar,
vg
ui
uig
ug
hi
hig
hg
si
sig
sg

0.01
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40

205.99
206.17
241.62
283.84
334.27
394.66
467.17
554.47
659.88
787.51
942.51
1131.3
1362.0
1644.7
1992.2
2421.0
2951.7
3610.9
4432.4
5460.1
6750.5
8376.7

0.61169
0.61115
0.51772
0.43748
0.36873
0.30998
0.25990
0.21732
0.18121
0.15068
0.12492
0.10326
0.08510
0.06991
0.05725
0.04673
0.03802
0.03082
0.02490
0.02004
0.01608
0.01285

0.001091
0.001091
0.001091
0.001090
0.001090
0.001090
0.001089
0.001089
0.001088
0.001088
0.001088
0.001087
0.001087
0.001087
0.001087
0.001086
0.001086
0.001086
0.001085
0.001085
0.001085
0.001084

333.40
333.43
337.63
341.80
345.94
350.04
354.12
358.17
362.18
366.17
370.13
374.06
377.95
381.82
385.66
389.47
393.25
397.00
400.72
404.40
408.07
411.70

2707.9
2707.9
2709.4
2710.8
2712.2
2713.5
2714.8
2716.1
2717.3
2718.6
2719.7
2720.9
2722.0
2723.1
2724.2
2725.2
2726.2
2727.2
2728.1
2729.0
2729.9
2730.7

2374.5
2374.5
2371.8
2369.0
2366.2
2363.5
2360.7
2357.9
2355.2
2352.4
2349.6
2346.8
2344.1
2341.3
2338.5
2335.7
2332.9
2330.2
2327.4
2324.6
2321.8
2319.0

333.40
333.43
337.63
341.80
345.93
350.04
354.12
358.17
362.18
366.17
370.13
374.06
377.95
381.82
385.66
389.47
393.25
397.00
400.72
404.40
408.07
411.70

2833.9
2833.9
2834.5
2835.0
2835.4
2835.8
2836.2
2836.6
2836.9
2837.2
2837.5
2837.7
2837.9
2838.1
2838.2
2838.3
2838.4
2838.4
2838.5
2838.4
2838.4
2838.3

2500.5
2500.5
2496.8
2493.2
2489.5
2485.8
2482.1
2478.4
2474.7
2471.0
2467.3
2463.6
2459.9
2456.2
2452.5
2448.8
2445.1
2441.4
2437.7
2434.0
2430.3
2426.6

1.2202
1.2204
1.2358
1.2513
1.2667
1.2821
1.2976
1.3130
1.3284
1.3439
1.3593
1.3748
1.3903
1.4057
1.4212
1.4367
1.4521
1.4676
1.4831
1.4986
1.5141
1.5296

10.374
10.375
10.453
10.533
10.613
10.695
10.778
10.862
10.947
11.033
11.121
11.209
11.300
11.391
11.484
11.578
11.673
11.770
11.869
11.969
12.071
12.174

9.154
9.154
9.218
9.282
9.347
9.413
9.480
9.549
9.618
9.689
9.761
9.835
9.909
9.985
10.063
10.141
10.221
10.303
10.386
10.470
10.557
10.644

60 0

h = 40

2400

1800

2600

00

328200

3000

50%

5
550
0
20

00

3200

3400

4000
3800
3600

4500

h = 4200 kJ/
kg

00

00

0k

70

24

00

DSo
aytu
mra
ute
dbu
vha
apro
r

22

100 k
g/m 3

0
10
80 0
6

0
80
0
60
0
50
0
40 0
35 00
3 0
25 0
20
0
15

5
Entropi, (kJ/kg.K)

18

J/ k

20 0

h=

26

3 kg/m 3

10 kg
/m 3

k J/k
g
Ku
ruQ
luuk
aldiet r
ye=ce
80%
9s0i=%%

00

0.3
kg/m 3

1 kg/m 3

90

2650
h = 2600
2650 kJ/kg
2550

2800

2900

3000

3100

3200

3300

3400

3500

3600

3700

3800

3900

4000

4100

4200

4300

4400

4500

4600

4700

4800

4900

5000

h = 5000 kJ/kg

1100

0
10

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

10
1200

Kaynak: NBS/NRC Steam Tables/1 by Lester Haar, John S. Gallagher, and George S. Kell.. Copyright 1984. Reutledge/ Taylor Francis Books, Inc.den izin
alnarak baslmtr.

20

%0
1%01

80 0

0
0

Ku

u
rul

eitsyi
eacl
Qeru
d
k

1 00 0

0
100

vid
iqsu
dul
m
e
t
y
uroa
atD

0
120

0
140

1600

kJ/
2200 kg
h=
0
0
0
2

00

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1 20

60%

EKL A9
Su iin T-s diyagram

Scaklk, C

= kg
/m 3
sity
Den

50
0

10
0

1000

300 k
g/m 3

1100

14

30
%

kg/m 3

0
1200

P=
300
20 00 b
1 000 ar
5
100 000
80000
0
50
4 00 6000
30000
0
20 0
15 00
00

0
16

40%

30 kg
/m 3

40
30
20
15
10

3k
g/m 3
8
6
4
3
2
1.5
0.8
1.0
0.6
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
5
0.08 0.
1
6
0.
0
0.04
3
0.0
0 2
.
0
15
YDoe

0.1

0.0

900

nusni
t
l
y
u
k
=
=00.0
.011k
kgg//mm33

10:15

.00
8

11/6/08

0.
0 006
0 .0
.
0 04
0. 03
00
2

ek
Page 900

Termodinamik

11/6/08

10:15

Page 901

Ek 1
5000

C
1100C

10
5000

C
0
10
=1

C
1000C

0C
400

98%
Ku
96%
rul
uku
Q
94%
adleitr
yec=e 92%
s9i0=
%%
90
88
86% %
84%
82%
80
78% %
76
74 %
72 %
70 %
68 %
%

0C
T = 300

2000

3000

0.
0. 3
0
0. .08 0.12
0
0. 6 0.1 5
04
0.0
0.0 5
0. 3
01
0. 5
01

0
0. .8
0.4 6

8
6
4

0C
500

3
2
1.5
1.0

Yoe
D
nusin
tylu=k
0=.

0.1
kg

/m 3

01.0k1
gk/m
3 3
g /m

/m 3

6000C

3000

1 kg

150
00

200
00

250
00

C
800C

300
00
bar

4000

C
700C

P=

Doenus
Y
100
intylu=
00
k=1010
0 0kgk/gm
800
/m3 3
0
600
500 0
40000
3000
20
15 00
800 10 00
00
6
40000 5
00
300
200
1 00
k g/ m 3
80 150
60 100
40
50
30
20
15
10 k
10
g/ m 3

C
900C

4000

Entalpi, kJ/kg

ek

02
0.

r
ba
08
0
.
0

2000

%
66 %
64 %
62
%
60 %
58
56%
54%
52%
50%
48%
46%
44%
42%
40%

1000

6
Entalpi, kJ/(kg.K)

1000
10

EKIL A-10
Su iin Mollier diyagram
Kaynak: NBS/NRC Steam Tables/1 by Lester Haar, John S. Gallagher, and George S. Kell. Copyright 1984.Routledge/Taylor & Francis Books, Inc.izin
alnarak balmtr.

901

ek

11/6/08

902

10:15

Page 902

Termodinamik

TABLO A11
Doymu soutucu akkan- 134a - Scaklk tablosu
zgl, hacim
m3/kg

enerji
kJ/kg

Entalpi
kJ/kg

Entropi,
kJ/(kg.K)

Doyma Doymu
Scak., basnc., sv
T C Pdoy kPa vf

Doymu Doymu
Doymu Doymu
Doymu Doymu
Doymu
buhar,
sv,
Buhar., buhar, sv, Buhar., buhar,
sv,
Buhar., buhar,
vg
uf
ufg
ug
hf
hfg
hg
sf
sfg
sg

40
38
36
34
32

51.25
56.86
62.95
69.56
76.71

0.0007054
0.0007083
0.0007112
0.0007142
0.0007172

0.36081
0.32732
0.29751
0.27090
0.24711

0.036
2.475
4.992
7.517
10.05

207.40
206.04
204.67
203.29
201.91

207.37
208.51
209.66
210.81
211.96

0.000
2.515
5.037
7.566
10.10

225.86
224.61
223.35
222.09
220.81

225.86
227.12
228.39
229.65
230.91

0.00000
0.01072
0.02138
0.03199
0.04253

0.96866
0.95511
0.94176
0.92859
0.91560

0.96866
0.96584
0.96315
0.96058
0.95813

30
28
26
24
22

84.43
92.76
101.73
111.37
121.72

0.0007203
0.0007234
0.0007265
0.0007297
0.0007329

0.22580
0.20666
0.18946
0.17395
0.15995

12.59
15.13
17.69
20.25
22.82

200.52
199.12
197.72
196.30
194.88

213.11
214.25
215.40
216.55
217.70

12.65
15.20
17.76
20.33
22.91

219.52 232.17
218.22 233.43
216.92 234.68
215.59 235.92
214.26 s237.17

0.05301
0.06344
0.07382
0.08414
0.09441

0.90278
0.89012
0.87762
0.86527
0.85307

0.95579
0.95356
0.95144
0.94941
0.94748

20
18
16
14
12

132.82
144.69
157.38
170.93
185.37

0.0007362
0.0007396
0.0007430
0.0007464
0.0007499

0.14729
0.13583
0.12542
0.11597
0.10736

25.39
27.98
30.57
33.17
35.78

193.45
192.01
190.56
189.09
187.62

218.84
219.98
221.13
222.27
223.40

25.49
28.09
30.69
33.30
35.92

212.91
211.55
210.18
208.79
207.38

238.41
239.64
240.87
242.09
243.30

0.10463
0.11481
0.12493
0.13501
0.14504

0.84101
0.82908
0.81729
0.80561
0.79406

0.94564
0.94389
0.94222
0.94063
0.93911

10
8
6
4
2

200.74
217.08
234.44
252.85
272.36

0.0007535
0.0007571
0.0007608
0.0007646
0.0007684

0.099516
0.092352
0.085802
0.079804
0.074304

38.40
41.03
43.66
46.31
48.96

186.14
184.64
183.13
181.61
180.08

224.54
225.67
226.80
227.92
229.04

38.55
41.19
43.84
46.50
49.17

205.96
204.52
203.07
201.60
200.11

244.51
245.72
246.91
248.10
249.28

0.15504
0.16498
0.17489
0.18476
0.19459

0.78263
0.77130
0.76008
0.74896
0.73794

0.93766
0.93629
0.93497
0.93372
0.93253

0
2
4
6
8

293.01
314.84
337.90
362.23
387.88

0.0007723
0.0007763
0.0007804
0.0007845
0.0007887

0.069255
0.064612
0.060338
0.056398
0.052762

51.63
54.30
56.99
59.68
62.39

178.53
176.97
175.39
173.80
172.19

230.16
231.27
232.38
233.48
234.58

51.86
54.55
57.25
59.97
62.69

198.60
197.07
195.51
193.94
192.35

250.45
251.61
252.77
253.91
255.04

0.20439
0.21415
0.22387
0.23356
0.24323

0.72701
0.71616
0.70540
0.69471
0.68410

0.93139
0.93031
0.92927
0.92828
0.92733

10
12
14
16
18

414.89
443.31
473.19
504.58
537.52

0.0007930
0.0007975
0.0008020
0.0008066
0.0008113

0.049403
0.046295
0.043417
0.040748
0.038271

65.10
67.83
70.57
73.32
76.08

170.56
168.92
167.26
165.58
163.88

235.67
236.75
237.83
238.90
239.96

65.43
68.18
70.95
73.73
76.52

190.73
189.09
187.42
185.73
184.01

256.16
257.27
258.37
259.46
260.53

0.25286
0.26246
0.27204
0.28159
0.29112

0.67356
0.66308
0.65266
0.64230
0.63198

0.92641
0.92554
0.92470
0.92389
0.92310

ek

11/6/08

10:15

Page 903

Ek 1

903

TABLO A11
Doymu soutucu akkan- 134a - Scaklk tablosu (Devam)
Specific volume,
m3/kg
Doyma Doymu
Scak., basnc., sv,
T C Pdoy kPa vf

Internal energy,
kJ/kg

Enthalpy,
kJ/kg

Entropy,
kJ/kg K

Doymu
buhar,
vg

Doymu
Doymu Doymu
Doymu Doymu
Doymu
sv,
Buhar., buhar,
sv,
Buhar., buhar, sv,
Buhar., buhar,
uf
ufg
ug
hf
hfg
hg
sf
sfg
sg

20
22
24
26
28

572.07
608.27
646.18
685.84
727.31

0.0008161
0.0008210
0.0008261
0.0008313
0.0008366

0.035969
0.033828
0.031834
0.029976
0.028242

78.86
81.64
84.44
87.26
90.09

162.16
160.42
158.65
156.87
155.05

241.02
242.06
243.10
244.12
245.14

79.32
82.14
84.98
87.83
90.69

182.27
180.49
178.69
176.85
174.99

261.59
262.64
263.67
264.68
265.68

0.30063
0.31011
0.31958
0.32903
0.33846

0.62172
0.61149
0.60130
0.59115
0.58102

0.92234
0.92160
0.92088
0.92018
0.91948

30
32
34
36
38

770.64
815.89
863.11
912.35
963.68

0.0008421
0.0008478
0.0008536
0.0008595
0.0008657

0.026622
0.025108
0.023691
0.022364
0.021119

92.93
95.79
98.66
101.55
104.45

153.22
151.35
149.46
147.54
145.58

246.14
247.14
248.12
249.08
250.04

93.58
96.48
99.40
102.33
105.29

173.08
171.14
169.17
167.16
165.10

266.66
267.62
268.57
269.49
270.39

0.34789
0.35730
0.36670
0.37609
0.38548

0.57091
0.56082
0.55074
0.54066
0.53058

0.91879
0.91811
0.91743
0.91675
0.91606

40
42
44
46
48

1017.1
1072.8
1130.7
1191.0
1253.6

0.0008720
0.0008786
0.0008854
0.0008924
0.0008996

0.019952
0.018855
0.017824
0.016853
0.015939

107.38
110.32
113.28
116.26
119.26

143.60
141.58
139.52
137.42
135.29

250.97
251.89
252.80
253.68
254.55

108.26
111.26
114.28
117.32
120.39

163.00
160.86
158.67
156.43
154.14

271.27
272.12
272.95
273.75
274.53

0.39486
0.40425
0.41363
0.42302
0.43242

0.52049
0.51039
0.50027
0.49012
0.47993

0.91536
0.91464
0.91391
0.91315
0.91236

52
56
60
65
70
75

1386.2
1529.1
1682.8
1891.0
2118.2
2365.8

0.0009150
0.0009317
0.0009498
0.0009750
0.0010037
0.0010372

0.014265
0.012771
0.011434
0.009950
0.008642
0.007480

125.33
131.49
137.76
145.77
154.01
162.53

130.88
126.28
121.46
115.05
108.14
100.60

256.21
257.77
259.22
260.82
262.15
263.13

126.59
132.91
139.36
147.62
156.13
164.98

149.39
144.38
139.10
132.02
124.32
115.85

275.98
277.30
278.46
279.64
280.46
280.82

0.45126
0.47018
0.48920
0.51320
0.53755
0.56241

0.45941
0.43863
0.41749
0.39039
0.36227
0.33272

0.91067
0.90880
0.90669
0.90359
0.89982
0.89512

80
85
90
95
100

2635.3
2928.2
3246.9
3594.1
3975.1

0.0010772
0.0011270
0.0011932
0.0012933
0.0015269

0.006436
0.005486
0.004599
0.003726
0.002630

171.40
180.77
190.89
202.40
218.72

92.23
82.67
71.29
56.47
29.19

263.63
263.44
262.18
258.87
247.91

174.24
184.07
194.76
207.05
224.79

106.35
95.44
82.35
65.21
33.58

280.59
279.51
277.11
272.26
258.37

0.58800
0.61473
0.64336
0.67578
0.72217

0.30111
0.26644
0.22674
0.17711
0.08999

0.88912
0.88117
0.87010
0.85289
0.8

Kaynak: A11 - A13 Tablolar, S? A-? Klean ve F? L? Alvarado tarafndan gelitirilen Engineering Equation Solver (EES) yazlm kullanlarak
retilmitir. Hesaplarda R134a rutini kullanlmtr. Bu rutin R. Tillner-Roth ve H? D? Baehr tarafndan gelitirilen temel durum denklemlerine dayaldr
(An International Standart Formulation for the Thermodynamic Properties of 1,1,1,2- Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) for Temperatures from 170 K 455 K
and Pressures up to 70 MPa, J. Phys. Chem, Ref. Data, Vol. 23, No. 5, 1994). Doymu svnn entalpi ve entropisine40C (and 40F) scaklkta sfr
deeri verilmitir.

ek

11/6/08

904

10:15

Page 904

Termodinamik

TABLO A12
Doymu soutucu akkan-134a Basn tablosu
zgl Hacim,
m3/kg
Doyma Doymu
Basn., Scak., sv,
P kPa Tsat C vf

Doymu
buhar,
vg

enerji,
kJ/kg

Entalpi,
kJ/kg

Entropi,
kJ/kg

Doymu
Doymu Doymu
Doymu Doymu
buz,
Buhar., buhar, sv,
Buhar., buhar, sv,
uf
ufg
ug
hf
hfg
hg
sf

Buhar.,
sfg

Doymu
buhar,,
sg

60
70
80
90
100

36.95
33.87
31.13
28.65
26.37

0.0007098
0.0007144
0.0007185
0.0007223
0.0007259

0.31121
0.26929
0.23753
0.21263
0.19254

3.798
7.680
11.15
14.31
17.21

205.32
203.20
201.30
199.57
197.98

209.12
210.88
212.46
213.88
215.19

3.841
7.730
11.21
14.37
17.28

223.95
222.00
220.25
218.65
217.16

227.79
229.73
231.46
233.02
234.44

0.01634
0.03267
0.04711
0.06008
0.07188

0.94807
0.92775
0.90999
0.89419
0.87995

0.96441
0.96042
0.95710
0.95427
0.95183

120
140
160
180
200

22.32
18.77
15.60
12.73
10.09

0.0007324
0.0007383
0.0007437
0.0007487
0.0007533

0.16212
0.14014
0.12348
0.11041
0.099867

22.40
26.98
31.09
34.83
38.28

195.11
192.57
190.27
188.16
186.21

217.51
219.54
221.35
222.99
224.48

22.49
27.08
31.21
34.97
38.43

214.48
212.08
209.90
207.90
206.03

236.97
239.16
241.11
242.86
244.46

0.09275
0.11087
0.12693
0.14139
0.15457

0.85503
0.83368
0.81496
0.79826
0.78316

0.94779
0.94456
0.94190
0.93965
0.93773

240
280
320
360
400

5.38
1.25
2.46
5.82
8.91

0.0007620
0.0007699
0.0007772
0.0007841
0.0007907

0.083897
0.072352
0.063604
0.056738
0.051201

44.48
49.97
54.92
59.44
63.62

182.67
179.50
176.61
173.94
171.45

227.14
229.46
231.52
233.38
235.07

44.66
50.18
55.16
59.72
63.94

202.62
199.54
196.71
194.08
191.62

247.28
249.72
251.88
253.81
255.55

0.17794
0.19829
0.21637
0.23270
0.24761

0.75664
0.73381
0.71369
0.69566
0.67929

0.93458
0.93210
0.93006
0.92836
0.92691

450
500
550
600
650

12.46
15.71
18.73
21.55
24.20

0.0007985
0.0008059
0.0008130
0.0008199
0.0008266

0.045619
0.041118
0.037408
0.034295
0.031646

68.45
72.93
77.10
81.02
84.72

168.54
165.82
163.25
160.81
158.48

237.00
238.75
240.35
241.83
243.20

68.81
73.33
77.54
81.51
85.26

188.71
185.98
183.38
180.90
178.51

257.53
259.30
260.92
262.40
263.77

0.26465
0.28023
0.29461
0.30799
0.32051

0.66069
0.64377
0.62821
0.61378
0.60030

0.92535
0.92400
0.92282
0.92177
0.92081

700
750
800
850

26.69
29.06
31.31
33.45

0.0008331
0.0008395
0.0008458
0.0008520

0.029361
0.027371
0.025621
0.024069

88.24
91.59
94.79
97.87

156.24
154.08
152.00
149.98

244.48
245.67
246.79
247.85

88.82
92.22
95.47
98.60

176.21
173.98
171.82
169.71

265.03
266.20
267.29
268.31

0.33230
0.34345
0.35404
0.36413

0.58763
0.57567
0.56431
0.55349

0.91994
0.91912
0.91835
0.91762

900
950
1000
1200
1400

35.51
37.48
39.37
46.29
52.40

0.0008580
0.0008641
0.0008700
0.0008934
0.0009166

0.022683
0.021438
0.020313
0.016715
0.014107

100.83
103.69
106.45
116.70
125.94

148.01
146.10
144.23
137.11
130.43

248.85
249.79
250.68
253.81
256.37

101.61
104.51
107.32
117.77
127.22

167.66
165.64
163.67
156.10
148.90

269.26
270.15
270.99
273.87
276.12

0.37377
0.38301
0.39189
0.42441
0.45315

0.54315
0.53323
0.52368
0.48863
0.45734

0.91692
0.91624
0.91558
0.91303
0.91050

1600
1800
2000
2500
3000

57.88
62.87
67.45
77.54
86.16

0.0009400
0.0009639
0.0009886
0.0010566
0.0011406

0.012123
0.010559
0.009288
0.006936
0.005275

134.43
142.33
149.78
166.99
183.04

124.04
117.83
111.73
96.47
80.22

258.47
260.17
261.51
263.45
263.26

135.93
144.07
151.76
169.63
186.46

141.93
135.11
128.33
111.16
92.63

277.86
279.17
280.09
280.79
279.09

0.47911
0.50294
0.52509
0.57531
0.62118

0.42873
0.40204
0.37675
0.31695
0.25776

0.90784
0.90498
0.90184
0.89226
0.87894

ek

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Page 905

Ek 1

905

TABLO A13
Kzgn soutucu akkan-134a
T
C

v
m3/kg

u
kJ/kg

h
kJ/kg

s
kJ/(kg.K)

P
0.06 MPa (Tdoy
36.95C)

Doymu 0.31121
20
0.33608
10
0.35048
0
0.36476
10
0.37893
20
0.39302
30
0.40705
40
0.42102
50
0.43495
60
0.44883
70
0.46269
80
0.47651
90
0.49032
100
0.50410

209.12
220.60
227.55
234.66
241.92
249.35
256.95
264.71
272.64
280.73
288.99
297.41
306.00
314.74

227.79
240.76
248.58
256.54
264.66
272.94
281.37
289.97
298.74
307.66
316.75
326.00
335.42
344.99

0.9644
1.0174
1.0477
1.0774
1.1066
1.1353
1.1636
1.1915
1.2191
1.2463
1.2732
1.2997
1.3260
1.3520

P
0.18 MPa (Tdoy
12.73C)

Doymu 0.11041
10
0.11189
0
0.11722
10
0.12240
20
0.12748
30
0.13248
40
0.13741
50
0.14230
60
0.14715
70
0.15196
80
0.15673
90
0.16149
100
0.16622

222.99
225.02
232.48
240.00
247.64
255.41
263.31
271.36
279.56
287.91
296.42
305.07
313.88

242.86
245.16
253.58
262.04
270.59
279.25
288.05
296.98
306.05
315.27
324.63
334.14
343.80

0.9397
0.9484
0.9798
1.0102
1.0399
1.0690
1.0975
1.1256
1.1532
1.1805
1.2074
1.2339
1.2602

P
0.28 MPa (Tdoy
1.25C)

Doymu 0.07235
0
0.07282
10
0.07646
20
0.07997
30
0.08338
40
0.08672
50
0.09000
60
0.09324
70
0.09644
80
0.09961
90
0.10275
100
0.10587
110
0.10897
120
0.11205
130
0.11512
140
0.11818

229.46
230.44
238.27
246.13
254.06
262.10
270.27
278.56
286.99
295.57
304.29
313.15
322.16
331.32
340.63
350.09

249.72
250.83
259.68
268.52
277.41
286.38
295.47
304.67
314.00
323.46
333.06
342.80
352.68
362.70
372.87
383.18

0.9321
0.9362
0.9680
0.9987
1.0285
1.0576
1.0862
1.1142
1.1418
1.1690
1.1958
1.2222
1.2483
1.2742
1.2997
1.3250

v
m3/kg

u
kJ/kg

h
kJ/kg

s
kJ/(kg.K)

P
0.10 MPa (Tdoy
26.37C)

0.19254
0.19841
0.20743
0.21630
0.22506
0.23373
0.24233
0.25088
0.25937
0.26783
0.27626
0.28465
0.29303
0.30138

215.19
219.66
226.75
233.95
241.30
248.79
256.44
264.25
272.22
280.35
288.64
297.08
305.69
314.46

234.44
239.50
247.49
255.58
263.81
272.17
280.68
289.34
298.16
307.13
316.26
325.55
334.99
344.60

0.9518
0.9721
1.0030
1.0332
1.0628
1.0918
1.1203
1.1484
1.1762
1.2035
1.2305
1.2572
1.2836
1.3096

P
0.20 MPa (Tdoyt
10.09C)

0.09987
0.09991
0.10481
0.10955
0.11418
0.11874
0.12322
0.12766
0.13206
0.13641
0.14074
0.14504
0.14933

224.48
224.55
232.09
239.67
247.35
255.14
263.08
271.15
279.37
287.73
296.25
304.92
313.74

244.46
244.54
253.05
261.58
270.18
278.89
287.72
296.68
305.78
315.01
324.40
333.93
343.60

0.9377
0.9380
0.9698
1.0004
1.0303
1.0595
1.0882
1.1163
1.1441
1.1714
1.1983
1.2249
1.2512

P
0.32 MPa (Tdoy
2.46C)

v
m3/kg

u
kJ/kg

h
kJ/kg

s
kJ/(kg.K)

P
0.14 MPa (Tdoy
18.77C)

0.14014

219.54

239.16

0.9446

0.14605
0.15263
0.15908
0.16544
0.17172
0.17794
0.18412
0.19025
0.19635
0.20242
0.20847
0.21449

225.91
233.23
240.66
248.22
255.93
263.79
271.79
279.96
288.28
296.75
305.38
314.17

246.36
254.60
262.93
271.38
279.97
288.70
297.57
306.59
315.77
325.09
334.57
344.20

0.9724
1.0031
1.0331
1.0624
1.0912
1.1195
1.1474
1.1749
1.2020
1.2288
1.2553
1.2814

P
0.24 MPa (Tdoy
5.38C)

0.08390

227.14

247.28

0.9346

0.08617
0.09026
0.09423
0.09812
0.10193
0.10570
0.10942
0.11310
0.11675
0.12038
0.12398

231.29
238.98
246.74
254.61
262.59
270.71
278.97
287.36
295.91
304.60
313.44

251.97
260.65
269.36
278.16
287.06
296.08
305.23
314.51
323.93
333.49
343.20

0.9519
0.9831
1.0134
1.0429
1.0718
1.1001
1.1280
1.1554
1.1825
1.2092
1.2356

P
0.40 MPa (Tdoy
8.91C)

0.06360

231.52

251.88

0.9301

0.051201

235.07

255.55

0.9269

0.06609
0.06925
0.07231
0.07530
0.07823
0.08111
0.08395
0.08675
0.08953
0.09229
0.09503
0.09775
0.10045
0.10314

237.54
245.50
253.50
261.60
269.82
278.15
286.62
295.22
303.97
312.86
321.89
331.07
340.39
349.86

258.69
267.66
276.65
285.70
294.85
304.11
313.48
322.98
332.62
342.39
352.30
362.35
372.54
382.87

0.9544
0.9856
1.0157
1.0451
1.0739
1.1021
1.1298
1.1571
1.1840
1.2105
1.2367
1.2626
1.2882
1.3135

0.051506
0.054213
0.056796
0.059292
0.061724
0.064104
0.066443
0.068747
0.071023
0.073274
0.075504
0.077717
0.079913
0.082096

235.97
244.18
252.36
260.58
268.90
277.32
285.86
294.53
303.32
312.26
321.33
330.55
339.90
349.41

256.58
265.86
275.07
284.30
293.59
302.96
312.44
322.02
331.73
341.57
351.53
361.63
371.87
382.24

0.9305
0.9628
0.9937
1.0236
1.0528
1.0814
1.1094
1.1369
1.1640
1.1907
1.2171
1.2431
1.2688
1.2942

ek

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906

10:15

Page 906

Termodinamik

TABLO A13
Kzgn soutucu akkan-134a (Devam)
T
C

v
m3/kg

u
kJ/kg

h
s
kJ/kg kJ/(kg.K)

P
0.50 MPa (Tdoy
15.71C)

Doym.
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160

0.041118
0.042115
0.044338
0.046456
0.048499
0.050485
0.052427
0.054331
0.056205
0.058053
0.059880
0.061687
0.063479
0.065256
0.067021
0.068775

Doym.
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180

0.025621
0.027035
0.028547
0.029973
0.031340
0.032659
0.033941
0.035193
0.036420
0.037625
0.038813
0.039985
0.041143
0.042290
0.043427
0.044554

Doym.
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180

0.016715
0.017201
0.018404
0.019502
0.020529
0.021506
0.022442
0.023348
0.024228
0.025086
0.025927
0.026753
0.027566
0.028367
0.029158

238.75
242.40
250.84
259.26
267.72
276.25
284.89
293.64
302.51
311.50
320.63
329.89
339.29
348.83
358.51
368.33

259.30
263.46
273.01
282.48
291.96
301.50
311.10
320.80
330.61
340.53
350.57
360.73
371.03
381.46
392.02
402.72

0.9240
0.9383
0.9703
1.0011
1.0309
1.0599
1.0883
1.1162
1.1436
1.1705
1.1971
1.2233
1.2491
1.2747
1.2999
1.3249

P
0.80 MPa (Tdoy
31.31C)

246.79
254.82
263.86
272.83
281.81
290.84
299.95
309.15
318.45
327.87
337.40
347.06
356.85
366.76
376.81
386.99

267.29
276.45
286.69
296.81
306.88
316.97
327.10
337.30
347.59
357.97
368.45
379.05
389.76
400.59
411.55
422.64

0.9183
0.9480
0.9802
1.0110
1.0408
1.0698
1.0981
1.1258
1.1530
1.1798
1.2061
1.2321
1.2577
1.2830
1.3080
1.3327

P
1.20 MPa (Tdoy
46.29C)

253.81
257.63
267.56
277.21
286.75
296.26
305.80
315.38
325.03
334.77
344.61
354.56
364.61
374.78
385.08

273.87
278.27
289.64
300.61
311.39
322.07
332.73
343.40
354.11
364.88
375.72
386.66
397.69
408.82
420.07

0.9130
0.9267
0.9614
0.9938
1.0248
1.0546
1.0836
1.1118
1.1394
1.1664
1.1930
1.2192
1.2449
1.2703
1.2954

v
m3/kg

u
kJ/kg

h
kJ/kg

s
kJ/(kg.K)

P
0.60 MPa (Tdoy
21.55C)

v
m3/kg

u
kJ/kg

h
s
kJ/kg kJ/(kg.K)

P
0.70 MPa (Tdoy
26.69C)

0.034295

241.83

262.40

0.9218

0.029361

244.48

265.03

0.9199

0.035984
0.037865
0.039659
0.041389
0.043069
0.044710
0.046318
0.047900
0.049458
0.050997
0.052519
0.054027
0.055522
0.057006

249.22
257.86
266.48
275.15
283.89
292.73
301.67
310.73
319.91
329.23
338.67
348.25
357.96
367.81

270.81
280.58
290.28
299.98
309.73
319.55
329.46
339.47
349.59
359.82
370.18
380.66
391.27
402.01

0.9499
0.9816
1.0121
1.0417
1.0705
1.0987
1.1264
1.1536
1.1803
1.2067
1.2327
1.2584
1.2838
1.3088

0.029966
0.031696
0.033322
0.034875
0.036373
0.037829
0.039250
0.040642
0.042010
0.043358
0.044688
0.046004
0.047306
0.048597

247.48
256.39
265.20
274.01
282.87
291.80
300.82
309.95
319.19
328.55
338.04
347.66
357.41
367.29

268.45
278.57
288.53
298.42
308.33
318.28
328.29
338.40
348.60
358.90
369.32
379.86
390.52
401.31

0.9313
0.9641
0.9954
1.0256
1.0549
1.0835
1.1114
1.1389
1.1658
1.1924
1.2186
1.2444
1.2699
1.2951

P
0.90 MPa (Tdoy
35.51C)

0.022683
0.023375
0.024809
0.026146
0.027413
0.028630
0.029806
0.030951
0.032068
0.033164
0.034241
0.035302
0.036349
0.037384
0.038408
0.039423

248.85
253.13
262.44
271.60
280.72
289.86
299.06
308.34
317.70
327.18
336.76
346.46
356.28
366.23
376.31
386.52

269.26
274.17
284.77
295.13
305.39
315.63
325.89
336.19
346.56
357.02
367.58
378.23
389.00
399.88
410.88
422.00

0.9169
0.9327
0.9660
0.9976
1.0280
1.0574
1.0860
1.1140
1.1414
1.1684
1.1949
1.2210
1.2467
1.2721
1.2972
1.3221

P
1.40 MPa (Tdoy
52.40C)

P
1.00 MPa (Tdoy
39.37C)

0.020313
0.020406
0.021796
0.023068
0.024261
0.025398
0.026492
0.027552
0.028584
0.029592
0.030581
0.031554
0.032512
0.033457
0.034392
0.035317

250.68
251.30
260.94
270.32
279.59
288.86
298.15
307.51
316.94
326.47
336.11
345.85
355.71
365.70
375.81
386.04

270.99
271.71
282.74
293.38
303.85
314.25
324.64
335.06
345.53
356.06
366.69
377.40
388.22
399.15
410.20
421.36

0.9156
0.9179
0.9525
0.9850
1.0160
1.0458
1.0748
1.1031
1.1308
1.1580
1.1846
1.2109
1.2368
1.2623
1.2875
1.3124

P
1.60 MPa (Tdoy
57.88C)

0.014107

256.37

276.12

0.9105

0.012123

258.47

277.86

0.9078

0.015005
0.016060
0.017023
0.017923
0.018778
0.019597
0.020388
0.021155
0.021904
0.022636
0.023355
0.024061
0.024757

264.46
274.62
284.51
294.28
304.01
313.76
323.55
333.41
343.34
353.37
363.51
373.75
384.10

285.47
297.10
308.34
319.37
330.30
341.19
352.09
363.02
374.01
385.07
396.20
407.43
418.76

0.9389
0.9733
1.0056
1.0364
1.0661
1.0949
1.1230
1.1504
1.1773
1.2038
1.2298
1.2554
1.2807

0.012372
0.013430
0.014362
0.015215
0.016014
0.016773
0.017500
0.018201
0.018882
0.019545
0.020194
0.020830
0.021456

260.89
271.76
282.09
292.17
302.14
312.07
322.02
332.00
342.05
352.17
362.38
372.69
383.11

280.69
293.25
305.07
316.52
327.76
338.91
350.02
361.12
372.26
383.44
394.69
406.02
417.44

0.9163
0.9535
0.9875
1.0194
1.0500
1.0795
1.1081
1.1360
1.1632
1.1900
1.2163
1.2421
1.2676

10:15

Page 907

Ek 1
350

400

110
0
105
0
10
00
95
0
90
0
85
0
80
0

kg/m 3
115
0

1250

300

1200

1350

250

1300

1450

200

1400

10

150

1500

100
20

450

500

550

600

650

60

10

100

120

90
70
60
50
40

2
40

32
24

20

T = 0
0C
0C

750
20

/m33
kg/m
2000 kg
luhk == 20
sity
enun
Do
Y
160

0
50

60

R-134a

907

300

400

70

700

80

16
12

0.4

0.4

2.4
8

2.4
0

2
2.3

2.2
4

s=

2.0
8

1.92

2.00

1.76

1.84

1.68

1.60

1.52

1.36

1.44

1.28

1.12

1.20

0.96

1.04

0.80

0.72

2.4

0.1

250

350

500

550

300

280

260

240

0.04

0.6

600

650

2.7
2

2.6
4

2.5
6
s=

2.4
8

400
450
Entalpi, kJ/kg

220

200

180

T = 160C
160
160C

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

20
20

40
40

300

0.8

0.4

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.6

60
60

200

sdaotuyrm
ate
udbvua
hpaorr

1.2

0.02

150

0.2

1.6

X=0
.5

0.64

0.04

0.01
100

4
3.2

40
40

0.1

0.88

20
20

0.2

2.1
6k
J/k
g
K

satu
doryam
tedulis
qv
uid
s

11/6/08

Basn, MPa

ek

700

0.02

0.3

0.01
750

EKIL A14
Soutucu akkan 134ann P-h diyagram.
Not: Diyagram iin kullanlan referans noktas, R- 134a tablolarnda kullanlandan farkldr. Bu nedenle problemler zlrken zelik verilerinin tamam
ya tablolardan, ya da diyagramlardan alnmal, her ikisi birlikte kullanlmamaldr.
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., Atlanta, GAnn izni alnarak baslmtr.

Termodinamik
(a) D k basnlar, 0 < PR < 1.0
TR = 5.00
3.00

1.0
5 070
0.7 .
5
0.6
0.60

0.9

8.0 0 .0 0
6

5.0 0

2.00

4.0 0 3.5 0

3.0 0
2 .6 0 2 .4 0 .2 0
2
2.0 0
1.8 0

0.
80

1.60

1.40
1 .6 0 .5 0
1
1.4 0
1.3 0

0.8
5

0.8

0. 9

1.30

1.2 0

1.20
1.15

1 .1 0
1.00

Pv
RT

0.90

TR = 2.5 Z 1.00
TR = 15 TR = 3.00

NOTE

0.7

0.9
5

v R=
1.00

0.95

20

5
0.6

15

0.4

0.90
0.00

10

0.80

vRr

0.05

0.75
0.10

PR

1953

0.3
0.0

0.85
12

0
0.7

v
SANK-NDRGENM HACM, v =
R
RTcr / Pcr

DYAGRAM
No.
1

00..60

T
NDRGENM SICAKLIK, T =
R
Tcr

1.0

30

P
Pcr

NDRGENM BASIN, P =

0.5

0 .7

2.00
1.60
1.40
1.20
1.10
1.05
1.00
0.95
0.90

NELSON OBERT
GENELLETRLM
SIKITIRILABLRLK DYAGRAMI

0.6

1.10
0.80
1.0
5

---DEVIATION > 1.0%

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

NDRGENM BASIN, P

(b) Orta basnlar, 0 < PR < 7

3.50

1.10
TR = 5.00
00

2.50
2.00

00

00 60 1.40
1.
20
1.

1.80

2.

53.

1.00

3.

0.90

Page 908

SIKI TIRILAB L RL K FAKTR, Z =

908

10:15

RT

11/6/08

Pv
SIKITIRILABLRLK FAKTR, Z =

ek

0
1 .0
80 70
0
.9 0 . 0 .

0 .6

0.80

1.60

.5 0
=0
v R 0.45
0
0.4

1.50
1.40
0
0.3
1.30 0.25

0 .3

0.70

=0
vR

0.60

.2 0

1.20
0.50

NELSON OBERT

1.15

GENELLETRLM
SIKITIRILABLRLK DYAGRAMI

1.10

0.40

NDRGENM SICAKLIK,

v
SANK-NDRGENM HACM, v =
R
RTcr / Pcr

1.05
0.30

0.5

1.0

DYAGRAM
No.

1953

TR = 1.00
0.20
0.0

P
Pcr
T
TR =
Tcr

NDRGENM BASIN, P =

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

NDRGENM BASIN, P

EKL A15
NelsonObertin genelletirilmi sktrlabilirlik diyagram.
Dr. Edward E. Obert, University of Wisconsinin izni alnarak kullunlmtr.

5.5

6.0

6.5

7.0

ek

11/6/08

10:15

Page 909

Ek 1

909

TABLO A16
Yksek seviyede atmosferin zelikleri
Scaklk,
C

Basn,
kPa

Yer ekimi
g, m/s2

Ses hz,
m/s

Younluk,
kg/m3

viskozite,
m, kg/(m.s)

Isl
letkenlik,
W/m K

0
200
400
600
800

15.00
13.70
12.40
11.10
9.80

101.33
98.95
96.61
94.32
92.08

9.807
9.806
9.805
9.805
9.804

340.3
339.5
338.8
338.0
337.2

1.225
1.202
1.179
1.156
1.134

1.789  105
1.783  105
1.777  105
1.771  105
1.764  105

0.0253
0.0252
0.0252
0.0251
0.0250

1000
1200
1400
1600
1800

8.50
7.20
5.90
4.60
3.30

89.88
87.72
85.60
83.53
81.49

9.804
9.803
9.802
9.802
9.801

336.4
335.7
334.9
334.1
333.3

1.112
1.090
1.069
1.048
1.027

1.758  105
1.752  105
1.745  105
1.739  105
1.732  105

0.0249
0.0248
0.0247
0.0245
0.0244

2000
2200
2400
2600
2800

2.00
0.70
0.59
1.89
3.19

79.50
77.55
75.63
73.76
71.92

9.800
9.800
9.799
9.799
9.798

332.5
331.7
331.0
330.2
329.4

1.007
0.987
0.967
0.947
0.928

1.726  105
1.720  105
1.713  105
1.707  105
1.700  105

0.0243
0.0242
0.0241
0.0240
0.0239

3000
3200
3400
3600
3800

4.49
5.79
7.09
8.39
9.69

70.12
68.36
66.63
64.94
63.28

9.797
9.797
9.796
9.796
9.795

328.6
327.8
327.0
326.2
325.4

0.909
0.891
0.872
0.854
0.837

1.694  105
1.687  105
1.681  105
1.674  105
1.668  105

0.0238
0.0237
0.0236
0.0235
0.0234

4000
4200
4400
4600
4800

10.98
12.3
13.6
14.9
16.2

61.66
60.07
58.52
57.00
55.51

9.794
9.794
9.793
9.793
9.792

324.6
323.8
323.0
322.2
321.4

0.819
0.802
0.785
0.769
0.752

1.661  105
1.655  105
1.648  105
1.642  105
1.635  105

0.0233
0.0232
0.0231
0.0230
0.0229

5000
5200
5400
5600
5800

17.5
18.8
20.1
21.4
22.7

54.05
52.62
51.23
49.86
48.52

9.791
9.791
9.790
9.789
9.785

320.5
319.7
318.9
318.1
317.3

0.736
0.721
0.705
0.690
0.675

1.628  105
1.622  105
1.615  105
1.608  105
1.602  105

0.0228
0.0227
0.0226
0.0224
0.0223

6000
6200
6400
6600
6800

24.0
25.3
26.6
27.9
29.2

47.22
45.94
44.69
43.47
42.27

9.788
9.788
9.787
9.786
9.785

316.5
315.6
314.8
314.0
313.1

0.660
0.646
0.631
0.617
0.604

1.595  105
1.588  105
1.582  105
1.575  105
1.568  105

0.0222
0.0221
0.0220
0.0219
0.0218

7000
8000
9000

30.5
36.9
43.4

41.11
35.65
30.80

9.785
9.782
9.779

312.3
308.1
303.8

0.590
0.526
0.467

1.561  105
1.527  105
1.493  105

0.0217
0.0212
0.0206

10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000

49.9
56.5
56.5
56.5
56.5

26.50
19.40
14.17
10.53
7.57

9.776
9.770
9.764
9.758
9.751

299.5
295.1
295.1
295.1
295.1

0.414
0.312
0.228
0.166
0.122

1.458  105
1.422  105
1.422  105
1.422  105
1.422  105

0.0201
0.0195
0.0195
0.0195
0.0195

Ykseklik,
m

Kaynak: U.S. Standard Atmosphere Supplements, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1966. Deerler 45enlemindeki koullarn yl boyu ortalamalarna dayaldr
ve yln herhangi bir anna ve hava yapsna bal olarak deiir. Deniz seviyesindeki (z
0) koullar P
101.325 kPa, T
15C, r
1.2250 kg/m3,
g
9.80665 m/s2 olarak alnmtr.

ek

11/6/08

910

10:15

Page 910

Termodinamik

TABLO A17
Havann mkemmel-gaz zeliktleri
T
K

h
kJ/kg

Pr

u
kJ/kg

vr

s
kJ/(kg.K)

T
K

h
kJ/kg

Pr

u
kJ/kg

vr

s
kJ/(kg.K)

200
210
220
230
240

199.97
209.97
219.97
230.02
240.02

0.3363
0.3987
0.4690
0.5477
0.6355

142.56
149.69
156.82
164.00
171.13

1707.0
1512.0
1346.0
1205.0
1084.0

1.29559
1.34444
1.39105
1.43557
1.47824

580
590
600
610
620

586.04
596.52
607.02
617.53
628.07

14.38
15.31
16.28
17.30
18.36

419.55
427.15
434.78
442.42
450.09

115.7
110.6
105.8
101.2
96.92

2.37348
2.39140
2.40902
2.42644
2.44356

250
260
270
280
285

250.05
260.09
270.11
280.13
285.14

0.7329
0.8405
0.9590
1.0889
1.1584

178.28
185.45
192.60
199.75
203.33

979.0
887.8
808.0
738.0
706.1

1.51917
1.55848
1.59634
1.63279
1.65055

630
640
650
660
670

638.63
649.22
659.84
670.47
681.14

19.84
20.64
21.86
23.13
24.46

457.78
465.50
473.25
481.01
488.81

92.84
88.99
85.34
81.89
78.61

2.46048
2.47716
2.49364
2.50985
2.52589

290
295
298
300
305

290.16
295.17
298.18
300.19
305.22

1.2311
1.3068
1.3543
1.3860
1.4686

206.91
210.49
212.64
214.07
217.67

676.1
647.9
631.9
621.2
596.0

1.66802
1.68515
1.69528
1.70203
1.71865

680
690
700
710
720

691.82
702.52
713.27
724.04
734.82

25.85
27.29
28.80
30.38
32.02

496.62
504.45
512.33
520.23
528.14

75.50
72.56
69.76
67.07
64.53

2.54175
2.55731
2.57277
2.58810
2.60319

310
315
320
325
330

310.24
315.27
320.29
325.31
330.34

1.5546
1.6442
1.7375
1.8345
1.9352

221.25
224.85
228.42
232.02
235.61

572.3
549.8
528.6
508.4
489.4

1.73498
1.75106
1.76690
1.78249
1.79783

730
740
750
760
780

745.62
756.44
767.29
778.18
800.03

33.72
35.50
37.35
39.27
43.35

536.07
544.02
551.99
560.01
576.12

62.13
59.82
57.63
55.54
51.64

2.61803
2.63280
2.64737
2.66176
2.69013

340
350
360
370
380

340.42
350.49
360.58
370.67
380.77

2.149
2.379
2.626
2.892
3.176

242.82
250.02
257.24
264.46
271.69

454.1
422.2
393.4
367.2
343.4

1.82790
1.85708
1.88543
1.91313
1.94001

800
820
840
860
880

821.95
843.98
866.08
888.27
910.56

47.75
52.59
57.60
63.09
68.98

592.30
608.59
624.95
641.40
657.95

48.08
44.84
41.85
39.12
36.61

2.71787
2.74504
2.77170
2.79783
2.82344

390
400
410
420
430

390.88
400.98
411.12
421.26
431.43

3.481
3.806
4.153
4.522
4.915

278.93
286.16
293.43
300.69
307.99

321.5
301.6
283.3
266.6
251.1

1.96633
1.99194
2.01699
2.04142
2.06533

900
920
940
960
980

932.93
955.38
977.92
1000.55
1023.25

75.29
82.05
89.28
97.00
105.2

674.58
691.28
708.08
725.02
741.98

34.31
32.18
30.22
28.40
26.73

2.84856
2.87324
2.89748
2.92128
2.94468

440
450
460
470
480

441.61
451.80
462.02
472.24
482.49

5.332
5.775
6.245
6.742
7.268

315.30
322.62
329.97
337.32
344.70

236.8
223.6
211.4
200.1
189.5

2.08870
2.11161
2.13407
2.15604
2.17760

1000
1020
1040
1060
1080

1046.04
1068.89
1091.85
1114.86
1137.89

114.0
123.4
133.3
143.9
155.2

758.94
776.10
793.36
810.62
827.88

25.17
23.72
23.29
21.14
19.98

2.96770
2.99034
3.01260
3.03449
3.05608

490
500
510
520
530

492.74
503.02
513.32
523.63
533.98

7.824
8.411
9.031
9.684
10.37

352.08
359.49
366.92
374.36
381.84

179.7
170.6
162.1
154.1
146.7

2.19876
2.21952
2.23993
2.25997
2.27967

1100
1120
1140
1160
1180

1161.07
1184.28
1207.57
1230.92
1254.34

167.1
179.7
193.1
207.2
222.2

845.33
862.79
880.35
897.91
915.57

18.896
17.886
16.946
16.064
15.241

3.07732
3.09825
3.11883
3.13916
3.15916

540
550
560
570

544.35
555.74
565.17
575.59

11.10
11.86
12.66
13.50

389.34
396.86
404.42
411.97

139.7
133.1
127.0
121.2

2.29906
2.31809
2.33685
2.35531

1200
1220
1240

1277.79
1301.31
1324.93

238.0
254.7
272.3

933.33
951.09
968.95

14.470
13.747
13.069

3.17888
3.19834
3.21751

ek

11/6/08

10:15

Page 911

Ek 1

911

TABLO A17
Havann mkemmel-gaz zelikleri (Devam)
T
K

h
kJ/kg

Pr

u
kJ/kg

vr

s
kJ/(kg.K)

T
K

h
kJ/kg

Pr

u
kJ/kg

vr

s
kJ/(kg.K)

1260
1280

1348.55
1372.24

290.8
310.4

986.90
1004.76

12.435
11.835

3.23638
3.25510

1600
1620

1757.57
1782.00

791.2
834.1

1298.30
1316.96

5.804
5.574

3.52364
3.53879

1300
1320
1340
1360
1380

1395.97
1419.76
1443.60
1467.49
1491.44

330.9
352.5
375.3
399.1
424.2

1022.82
1040.88
1058.94
1077.10
1095.26

11.275
10.747
10.247
9.780
9.337

3.27345
3.29160
3.30959
3.32724
3.34474

1640
1660
1680
1700
1750

1806.46
1830.96
1855.50
1880.1
1941.6

878.9
925.6
974.2
1025
1161

1335.72
1354.48
1373.24
1392.7
1439.8

5.355
5.147
4.949
4.761
4.328

3.55381
3.56867
3.58335
3.5979
3.6336

1400
1420
1440
1460
1480

1515.42
1539.44
1563.51
1587.63
1611.79

450.5
478.0
506.9
537.1
568.8

1113.52
1131.77
1150.13
1168.49
1186.95

8.919
8.526
8.153
7.801
7.468

3.36200
3.37901
3.39586
3.41247
3.42892

1800
1850
1900
1950
2000

2003.3
2065.3
2127.4
2189.7
2252.1

1310
1475
1655
1852
2068

1487.2
1534.9
1582.6
1630.6
1678.7

3.994
3.601
3.295
3.022
2.776

3.6684
3.7023
3.7354
3.7677
3.7994

1500
1520
1540
1560
1580

1635.97
1660.23
1684.51
1708.82
1733.17

601.9
636.5
672.8
710.5
750.0

1205.41
1223.87
1242.43
1260.99
1279.65

7.152
6.854
6.569
6.301
6.046

3.44516
3.46120
3.47712
3.49276
3.50829

2050
2100
2150
2200
2250

2314.6
2377.7
2440.3
2503.2
2566.4

2303
2559
2837
3138
3464

1726.8
1775.3
1823.8
1872.4
1921.3

2.555
2.356
2.175
2.012
1.864

3.8303
3.8605
3.8901
3.9191
3.9474

Not: Pr (bal basn) ve vr (bal zgl hacim) zelikleri, izantropik durum deiimlerinin zmlemesinde kullanlan boyutsuz byklklerdir. Basn ve
zgl hacim zelikleriyle kartrlmamaldr.
Kaynak: Kenneth Wark, Termodinamik, 4th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1983), pp. 78586, tablo A5. lk olarak J. H. Keenan and
J. Kaye, Gas Tables (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1948)adl kaynakta yaynlanmtr.

ek

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Page 912

Termodinamik

TABLO A18
N2 , Azotun mkemmel gaz zelikleri
_
_
T
h
u
K
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol

_
s
kJ/(kmoI.K)

T
K

0
220
230
240
250

0
6,391
6,683
6,975
7,266

0
4,562
4,770
4,979
5,188

0
182.639
183.938
185.180
186.370

260
270
280
290
298

7,558
7,849
8,141
8,432
8,669

5,396
5,604
5,813
6,021
6,190

300
310
320
330
340

8,723
9,014
9,306
9,597
9,888

350
360
370
380
390

_
h
kJ/kmol

_
u
kJ/kmol

_
s
kJ/(kmol .K)

600
610
620
630
640

17,563
17,864
18,166
18,468
18,772

12,574
12,792
13,011
13,230
13,450

212.066
212.564
213.055
213.541
214.018

187.514
188.614
189.673
190.695
191.502

650
660
670
680
690

19,075
19,380
19,685
19,991
20,297

13,671
13,892
14,114
14,337
14,560

214.489
214.954
215.413
215.866
216.314

6,229
6,437
6,645
6,853
7,061

191.682
192.638
193.562
194.459
195.328

700
710
720
730
740

20,604
20,912
21,220
21,529
21,839

14,784
15,008
15,234
15,460
15,686

216.756
217.192
217.624
218.059
218.472

10,180
10,471
10,763
11,055
11,347

7,270
7,478
7,687
7,895
8,104

196.173
196.995
197.794
198.572
199.331

750
760
770
780
790

22,149
22,460
22,772
23,085
23,398

15,913
16,141
16,370
16,599
16,830

218.889
219.301
219.709
220.113
220.512

400
410
420
430
440

11,640
11,932
12,225
12,518
12,811

8,314
8,523
8,733
8,943
9,153

200.071
200.794
201.499
202.189
202.863

800
810
820
830
840

23,714
24,027
24,342
24,658
24,974

17,061
17,292
17,524
17,757
17,990

220.907
221.298
221.684
222.067
222.447

450
460
470
480
490

13,105
13,399
13,693
13,988
14,285

9,363
9,574
9,786
9,997
10,210

203.523
204.170
204.803
205.424
206.033

850
860
870
880
890

25,292
25,610
25,928
26,248
26,568

18,224
18,459
18,695
18,931
19,168

222.822
223.194
223.562
223.927
224.288

500
510
520
530
540

14,581
14,876
15,172
15,469
15,766

10,423
10,635
10,848
11,062
11,277

206.630
207.216
207.792
208.358
208.914

900
910
920
930
940

26,890
27,210
27,532
27,854
28,178

19,407
19,644
19,883
20,122
20,362

224.647
225.002
225.353
225.701
226.047

550
560
570
580
590

16,064
16,363
16,662
16,962
17,262

11,492
11,707
11,923
12,139
12,356

209.461
209.999
210.528
211.049
211.562

950
960
970
980
990

28,501
28,826
29,151
29,476
29,803

20,603
20,844
21,086
21,328
21,571

226.389
226.728
227.064
227.398
227.728

ek

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Page 913

Ek 1

913

TABLO A18
N2 , Azotun mkemmel gaz zelikleri (Devam)
_
_
_
T
h
u
s
K
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
kJ/(kmoI.K)

T
K

1000
1020
1040
1060
1080

30,129
30,784
31,442
32,101
32,762

21,815
22,304
22,795
23,288
23,782

228.057
228.706
229.344
229.973
230.591

1100
1120
1140
1160
1180

33,426
34,092
34,760
35,430
36,104

24,280
24,780
25,282
25,786
26,291

1200
1220
1240
1260
1280

36,777
37,452
38,129
38,807
39,488

1300
1320
1340
1360
1380

_
h
kJ/kmol

_
u
kJ/kmol

_
s
kJ/(kmol .K)

1760
1780
1800
1820
1840

56,227
56,938
57,651
58,363
59,075

41,594
42,139
42,685
43,231
43,777

247.396
247.798
248.195
248.589
248.979

231.199
231.799
232.391
232.973
233.549

1860
1880
1900
1920
1940

59,790
60,504
61,220
61,936
62,654

44,324
44,873
45,423
45,973
46,524

249.365
249.748
250.128
250.502
250.874

26,799
27,308
27,819
28,331
28,845

234.115
234.673
235.223
235.766
236.302

1960
1980
2000
2050
2100

63,381
64,090
64,810
66,612
68,417

47,075
47,627
48,181
49,567
50,957

251.242
251.607
251.969
252.858
253.726

40,170
40,853
41,539
42,227
42,915

29,361
29,378
30,398
30,919
31,441

236.831
237.353
237.867
238.376
238.878

2150
2200
2250
2300
2350

70,226
72,040
73,856
75,676
77,496

52,351
53,749
55,149
56,553
57,958

254.578
255.412
256.227
257.027
257.810

1400
1420
1440
1460
1480

43,605
44,295
44,988
45,682
46,377

31,964
32,489
33,014
33,543
34,071

239.375
239.865
240.350
240.827
241.301

2400
2450
2500
2550
2600

79,320
81,149
82,981
84,814
86,650

59,366
60,779
62,195
63,613
65,033

258.580
259.332
260.073
260.799
261.512

1500
1520
1540
1560
1580

47,073
47,771
48,470
49,168
49,869

34,601
35,133
35,665
36,197
36,732

241.768
242.228
242.685
243.137
243.585

2650
2700
2750
2800
2850

88,488
90,328
92,171
94,014
95,859

66,455
67,880
69,306
70,734
72,163

262.213
262.902
263.577
264.241
264.895

1600
1620
1640
1660
1680

50,571
51,275
51,980
52,686
53,393

37,268
37,806
38,344
38,884
39,424

244.028
244.464
244.896
245.324
245.747

2900
2950
3000
3050
3100

97,705
99,556
101,407
103,260
105,115

73,593
75,028
76,464
77,902
79,341

265.538
266.170
266.793
267.404
268.007

1700
1720
1740

54,099
54,807
55,516

39,965
40,507
41,049

246.166
246.580
246.990

3150
3200
3250

106,972
108,830
110,690

80,782
82,224
83,668

268.601
269.186
269.763

Kaynak: A18 - A25 Tablolar, Kenneth Wark, Termodinamik, 4th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1983), pp. 78798. Adl kaynaktan uyarlanmtr. Tablolar ilk olarak JANAF, Thermochemical Tables, NSRDS-NBS-37, 1971 adl kaynakta yaynlanmtr.

ek

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914

10:15

Page 914

Termodinamik

TABLO A19
O2 Oksijenin mkemmell gaz zelikleri
_
_
T
h
u
K
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol

_
s
kJ/(kmol .K)

T
K

0
220
230
240
250

0
6,404
6,694
6,984
7,275

0
4,575
4,782
4,989
5,197

0
196.171
197.461
198.696
199.885

260
270
280
290
298

7,566
7,858
8,150
8,443
8,682

5,405
5,613
5,822
6,032
6,203

300
310
320
330
340

8,736
9,030
9,325
9,620
9,916

350
360
370
380
390

_
h
kJ/kmol

_
u
kJ/kmol

_
s
kJ/(kmol .K)

600
610
620
630
640

17,929
18,250
18,572
18,895
19,219

12,940
13,178
13,417
13,657
13,898

226.346
226.877
227.400
227.918
228.429

201.027
202.128
203.191
204.218
205.033

650
660
670
680
690

19,544
19,870
20,197
20,524
20,854

14,140
14,383
14,626
14,871
15,116

228.932
229.430
229.920
230.405
230.885

6,242
6,453
6,664
6,877
7,090

205.213
206.177
207.112
208.020
208.904

700
710
720
730
740

21,184
21,514
21,845
22,177
22,510

15,364
15,611
15,859
16,107
16,357

231.358
231.827
232.291
232.748
233.201

10,213
10,511
10,809
11,109
11,409

7,303
7,518
7,733
7,949
8,166

209.765
210.604
211.423
212.222
213.002

750
760
770
780
790

22,844
23,178
23,513
23,850
24,186

16,607
16,859
17,111
17,364
17,618

233.649
234.091
234.528
234.960
235.387

400
410
420
430
440

11,711
12,012
12,314
12,618
12,923

8,384
8,603
8,822
9,043
9,264

213.765
214.510
215.241
215.955
216.656

800
810
820
830
840

24,523
24,861
25,199
25,537
25,877

17,872
18,126
18,382
18,637
18,893

235.810
236.230
236.644
237.055
237.462

450
460
470
480
490

13,228
13,525
13,842
14,151
14,460

9,487
9,710
9,935
10,160
10,386

217.342
218.016
218.676
219.326
219.963

850
860
870
880
890

26,218
26,559
26,899
27,242
27,584

19,150
19,408
19,666
19,925
20,185

237.864
238.264
238.660
239.051
239.439

500
510
520
530
540

14,770
15,082
15,395
15,708
16,022

10,614
10,842
11,071
11,301
11,533

220.589
221.206
221.812
222.409
222.997

900
910
920
930
940

27,928
28,272
28,616
28,960
29,306

20,445
20,706
20,967
21,228
21,491

239.823
240.203
240.580
240.953
241.323

550
560
570
580
590

16,338
16,654
16,971
17,290
17,609

11,765
11,998
12,232
12,467
12,703

223.576
224.146
224.708
225.262
225.808

950
960
970
980
990

29,652
29,999
30,345
30,692
31,041

21,754
22,017
22,280
22,544
22,809

241.689
242.052
242.411
242.768
242.120

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Page 915

Ek 1

915

TABLO A19
O2 Oksijenin imkemmel gaz zelikleri (Devam)
_
_
_
T
h
u
s
K
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
kJ/(kmol .K)

T
K

1000
1020
1040
1060
1080

31,389
32,088
32,789
33,490
34,194

23,075
23,607
24,142
24,677
25,214

243.471
244.164
244.844
245.513
246.171

1100
1120
1140
1160
1180

34,899
35,606
36,314
37,023
37,734

25,753
26,294
26,836
27,379
27,923

1200
1220
1240
1260
1280

38,447
39,162
39,877
40,594
41,312

1300
1320
1340
1360
1380

_
h
kJ/kmol

_
u
kJ/kmol

_
s
kJ/(kmol .K)

1760
1780
1800
1820
1840

58,880
59,624
60,371
61,118
61,866

44,247
44,825
45,405
45,986
46,568

263.861
264.283
264.701
265.113
265.521

246.818
247.454
248.081
248.698
249.307

1860
1880
1900
1920
1940

62,616
63,365
64,116
64,868
65,620

47,151
47,734
48,319
48,904
49,490

265.925
266.326
266.722
267.115
267.505

28,469
29,018
29,568
30,118
30,670

249.906
250.497
251.079
251.653
252.219

1960
1980
2000
2050
2100

66,374
67,127
67,881
69,772
71,668

50,078
50,665
51,253
52,727
54,208

267.891
268.275
268.655
269.588
270.504

42,033
42,753
43,475
44,198
44,923

31,224
31,778
32,334
32,891
33,449

252.776
253.325
253.868
254.404
254.932

2150
2200
2250
2300
2350

73,573
75,484
77,397
79,316
81,243

55,697
57,192
58,690
60,193
61,704

271.399
272.278
273.136
273.891
274.809

1400
1420
1440
1460
1480

45,648
46,374
47,102
47,831
48,561

34,008
34,567
35,129
35,692
36,256

255.454
255.968
256.475
256.978
257.474

2400
2450
2500
2550
2600

83,174
85,112
87,057
89,004
90,956

63,219
64,742
66,271
67,802
69,339

275.625
276.424
277.207
277.979
278.738

1500
1520
1540
1560
1580

49,292
50,024
50,756
51,490
52,224

36,821
37,387
37,952
38,520
39,088

257.965
258.450
258.928
259.402
259.870

2650
2700
2750
2800
2850

92,916
94,881
96,852
98,826
100,808

70,883
72,433
73,987
75,546
77,112

279.485
280.219
280.942
281.654
282.357

1600
1620
1640
1660
1680

52,961
53,696
54,434
55,172
55,912

39,658
40,227
40,799
41,370
41,944

260.333
260.791
261.242
261.690
262.132

2900
2950
3000
3050
3100

102,793
104,785
106,780
108,778
110,784

78,682
80,258
81,837
83,419
85,009

283.048
283.728
284.399
285.060
285.713

1700
1720
1740

56,652
57,394
58,136

42,517
43,093
43,669

262.571
263.005
263.435

3150
3200
3250

112,795
114,809
116,827

86,601
88,203
89,804

286.355
286.989
287.614

ek

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916

10:15

Page 916

Termodinamik

TABLO A20
CO2, Karbon dioksitin mkemmel gaz zelikleri
_
_
_
T
h
u
s
K
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
kJ/(kmoI.K)

T
K

0
220
230
240
250

0
6,601
6,938
7,280
7,627

0
4,772
5,026
5,285
5,548

0
202.966
204.464
205.920
207.337

260
270
280
290
298

7,979
8,335
8,697
9,063
9,364

5,817
6,091
6,369
6,651
6,885

300
310
320
330
340

9,431
9,807
10,186
10,570
10,959

350
360
370
380
390

_
h
kJ/kmol

_
u
kJ/kmol

_
s
kJ/(kmol .K)

600
610
620
630
640

22,280
22,754
23,231
23,709
24,190

17,291
17,683
18,076
18,471
18,869

243.199
243.983
244.758
245.524
246.282

208.717
210.062
211.376
212.660
213.685

650
660
670
680
690

24,674
25,160
25,648
26,138
26,631

19,270
19,672
20,078
20,484
20,894

247.032
247.773
248.507
249.233
249.952

6,939
7,230
7,526
7,826
8,131

213.915
215.146
216.351
217.534
218.694

700
710
720
730
740

27,125
27,622
28,121
28,622
29,124

21,305
21,719
22,134
22,522
22,972

250.663
251.368
252.065
252.755
253.439

11,351
11,748
12,148
12,552
12,960

8,439
8,752
9,068
9,392
9,718

219.831
220.948
222.044
223.122
224.182

750
760
770
780
790

29,629
30,135
30,644
31,154
31,665

23,393
23,817
24,242
24,669
25,097

254.117
254.787
255.452
256.110
256.762

400
410
420
430
440

13,372
13,787
14,206
14,628
15,054

10,046
10,378
10,714
11,053
11,393

225.225
226.250
227.258
228.252
229.230

800
810
820
830
840

32,179
32,694
33,212
33,730
34,251

25,527
25,959
26,394
26,829
27,267

257.408
258.048
258.682
259.311
259.934

450
460
470
480
490

15,483
15,916
16,351
16,791
17,232

11,742
12,091
12,444
12,800
13,158

230.194
231.144
232.080
233.004
233.916

850
860
870
880
890

34,773
35,296
35,821
36,347
36,876

27,706
28,125
28,588
29,031
29,476

260.551
261.164
261.770
262.371
262.968

500
510
520
530
540

17,678
18,126
18,576
19,029
19,485

13,521
13,885
14,253
14,622
14,996

234.814
235.700
236.575
237.439
238.292

900
910
920
930
940

37,405
37,935
38,467
39,000
39,535

29,922
30,369
30,818
31,268
31,719

263.559
264.146
264.728
265.304
265.877

550
560
570
580
590

19,945
20,407
20,870
21,337
21,807

15,372
15,751
16,131
16,515
16,902

239.135
239.962
240.789
241.602
242.405

950
960
970
980
990

40,070
40,607
41,145
41,685
42,226

32,171
32,625
33,081
33,537
33,995

266.444
267.007
267.566
268.119
268.670

ek

11/6/08

10:15

Page 917

Ek 1

917

TABLO A20
CO2, Karbon dioksitin mkemmel gaz zelikleri (Devam)
_
_
_
T
h
u
s
K
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
kJ/(kmoI.K)

T
K

1000
1020
1040
1060
1080

42,769
43,859
44,953
46,051
47,153

34,455
35,378
36,306
37,238
38,174

269.215
270.293
271.354
272.400
273.430

1100
1120
1140
1160
1180

48,258
49,369
50,484
51,602
52,724

39,112
40,057
41,006
41,957
42,913

1200
1220
1240
1260
1280

53,848
54,977
56,108
57,244
58,381

1300
1320
1340
1360
1380

_
h
kJ/kmol

_
u
kJ/kmol

_
s
kJ/(kmoI.K)

1760
1780
1800
1820
1840

86,420
87,612
88,806
90,000
91,196

71,787
72,812
73,840
74,868
75,897

301.543
302.217
302.884
303.544
304.198

274.445
275.444
276.430
277.403
278.361

1860
1880
1900
1920
1940

92,394
93,593
94,793
95,995
97,197

76,929
77,962
78,996
80,031
81,067

304.845
305.487
306.122
306.751
307.374

43,871
44,834
45,799
46,768
47,739

297.307
280.238
281.158
282.066
282.962

1960
1980
2000
2050
2100

98,401
99,606
100,804
103,835
106,864

82,105
83,144
84,185
86,791
89,404

307.992
308.604
309.210
310.701
312.160

59,522
60,666
61,813
62,963
64,116

48,713
49,691
50,672
51,656
52,643

283.847
284.722
285.586
286.439
287.283

2150
2200
2250
2300
2350

109,898
112,939
115,984
119,035
122,091

92,023
94,648
97,277
99,912
102,552

313.589
314.988
316.356
317.695
319.011

1400
1420
1440
1460
1480

65,271
66,427
67,586
68,748
66,911

53,631
54,621
55,614
56,609
57,606

288.106
288.934
289.743
290.542
291.333

2400
2450
2500
2550
2600

125,152
128,219
131,290
134,368
137,449

105,197
107,849
110,504
113,166
115,832

320.302
321.566
322.808
324.026
325.222

1500
1520
1540
1560
1580

71,078
72,246
73,417
74,590
76,767

58,606
59,609
60,613
61,620
62,630

292.114
292.888
292.654
294.411
295.161

2650
2700
2750
2800
2850

140,533
143,620
146,713
149,808
152,908

118,500
121,172
123,849
126,528
129,212

326.396
327.549
328.684
329.800
330.896

1600
1620
1640
1660
1680

76,944
78,123
79,303
80,486
81,670

63,741
64,653
65,668
66,592
67,702

295.901
296.632
297.356
298.072
298.781

2900
2950
3000
3050
3100

156,009
159,117
162,226
165,341
168,456

131,898
134,589
137,283
139,982
142,681

331.975
333.037
334.084
335.114
336.126

1700
1720
1740

82,856
84,043
85,231

68,721
69,742
70,764

299.482
300.177
300.863

3150
3200
3250

171,576
174,695
177,822

145,385
148,089
150,801

337.124
338.109
339.069

ek

11/6/08

918

10:15

Page 918

Termodinamik

TABLO A 21
CO, Karbon monoksitin mkemmel gaz zelikleri
_
_
_
T
h
u
s
K
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
kJ/(kmo.K)

T
K

0
220
230
240
250

0
6,391
6,683
6,975
7,266

0
4,562
4,771
4,979
5,188

0
188.683
189.980
191.221
192.411

260
270
280
290
298

7,558
7,849
8,140
8,432
8,669

5,396
5,604
5,812
6,020
6,190

300
310
320
330
340

8,723
9,014
9,306
9,597
9,889

350
360
370
380
390

_
h
kJ/kmol

_
u
kJ/kmol

_
s
kJ/(kmoI.K)

600
610
620
630
640

17,611
17,915
18,221
18,527
18,833

12,622
12,843
13,066
13,289
13,512

218.204
218.708
219.205
219.695
220.179

193.554
194.654
195.713
196.735
197.543

650
660
670
680
690

19,141
19,449
19,758
20,068
20,378

13,736
13,962
14,187
14,414
14,641

220.656
221.127
221.592
222.052
222.505

6,229
6,437
6,645
6,854
7,062

197.723
198.678
199.603
200.500
201.371

700
710
720
730
740

20,690
21,002
21,315
21,628
21,943

14,870
15,099
15,328
15,558
15,789

222.953
223.396
223.833
224.265
224.692

10,181
10,473
10,765
11,058
11,351

7,271
7,480
7,689
7,899
8,108

202.217
203.040
203.842
204.622
205.383

750
760
770
780
790

22,258
22,573
22,890
23,208
23,526

16,022
16,255
16,488
16,723
16,957

225.115
225.533
225.947
226.357
226.762

400
410
420
430
440

11,644
11,938
12,232
12,526
12,821

8,319
8,529
8,740
8,951
9,163

206.125
206.850
207.549
208.252
208.929

800
810
820
830
840

23,844
24,164
24,483
24,803
25,124

17,193
17,429
17,665
17,902
18,140

227.162
227.559
227.952
228.339
228.724

450
460
470
480
490

13,116
13,412
13,708
14,005
14,302

9,375
9,587
9,800
10,014
10,228

209.593
210.243
210.880
211.504
212.117

850
860
870
880
890

25,446
25,768
26,091
26,415
26,740

18,379
18,617
18,858
19,099
19,341

229.106
229.482
229.856
230.227
230.593

500
510
520
530
540

14,600
14,898
15,197
15,497
15,797

10,443
10,658
10,874
11,090
11,307

212.719
213.310
213.890
214.460
215.020

900
910
920
930
940

27,066
27,392
27,719
28,046
28,375

19,583
19,826
20,070
20,314
20,559

230.957
231.317
231.674
232.028
232.379

550
560
570
580
590

16,097
16,399
16,701
17,003
17,307

11,524
11,743
11,961
12,181
12,401

215.572
216.115
216.649
217.175
217.693

950
960
970
980
990

28,703
29,033
29,362
29,693
30,024

20,805
21,051
21,298
21,545
21,793

232.727
233.072
233.413
233.752
234.088

ek

11/6/08

10:15

Page 919

Ek 1

919

TABLO A21

CO, Karbon monoksitin mkemmel gaz zelikleri (Devam)

_
_
_
T
h
u
s
K
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
kJ/(kmoI.K)

T
K

1000
1020
1040
1060
1080

30,355
31,020
31,688
32,357
33,029

22,041
22,540
23,041
23,544
24,049

234.421
235.079
235.728
236.364
236.992

1100
1120
1140
1160
1180

33,702
34,377
35,054
35,733
36,406

24,557
25,065
25,575
26,088
26,602

1200
1220
1240
1260
1280

37,095
37,780
38,466
39,154
39,844

1300
1320
1340
1360
1380

_
h
kJ/kmol

_
u
kJ/kmol

_
s
kJ/(kmoI.K)

1760
1780
1800
1820
1840

56,756
57,473
58,191
58,910
59,629

42,123
42,673
43,225
43,778
44,331

253.991
254.398
254.797
255.194
255.587

237.609
238.217
238.817
239.407
239.989

1860
1880
1900
1920
1940

60,351
61,072
61,794
62,516
63,238

44,886
45,441
45,997
46,552
47,108

255.976
256.361
256.743
257.122
257.497

27,118
27,637
28,426
28,678
29,201

240.663
241.128
241.686
242.236
242.780

1960
1980
2000
2050
2100

63,961
64,684
65,408
67,224
69,044

47,665
48,221
48,780
50,179
51,584

257.868
258.236
258.600
259.494
260.370

40,534
41,226
41,919
42,613
43,309

29,725
30,251
30,778
31,306
31,836

243.316
243.844
244.366
244.880
245.388

2150
2200
2250
2300
2350

70,864
72,688
74,516
76,345
78,178

52,988
54,396
55,809
57,222
58,640

261.226
262.065
262.887
263.692
264.480

1400
1420
1440
1460
1480

44,007
44,707
45,408
46,110
46,813

32,367
32,900
33,434
33,971
34,508

245.889
246.385
246.876
247.360
247.839

2400
2450
2500
2550
2600

80,015
81,852
83,692
85,537
87,383

60,060
61,482
62,906
64,335
65,766

265.253
266.012
266.755
267.485
268.202

1500
1520
1540
1560
1580

47,517
48,222
48,928
49,635
50,344

35,046
35,584
36,124
36,665
37,207

248.312
248.778
249.240
249.695
250.147

2650
2700
2750
2800
2850

89,230
91,077
92,930
94,784
96,639

67,197
68,628
70,066
71,504
72,945

268.905
269.596
270.285
270.943
271.602

1600
1620
1640
1660
1680

51,053
51,763
52,472
53,184
53,895

37,750
38,293
38,837
39,382
39,927

250.592
251.033
251.470
251.901
252.329

2900
2950
3000
3050
3100

98,495
100,352
102,210
104,073
105,939

74,383
75,825
77,267
78,715
80,164

272.249
272.884
273.508
274.123
274.730

1700
1720
1740

54,609
55,323
56,039

40,474
41,023
41,572

252.751
253.169
253.582

3150
3200
3250

107,802
109,667
111,534

81,612
83,061
84,513

275.326
275.914
276.494

ek

11/6/08

920

10:15

Page 920

Termodinamik

TABLO A22
H2, Hidrojenin mkemmel gaz zelikleri
_
_
T
h
u
K
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol

_
s
kJ/(kmol .K)

T
K

_
h
kJ/kmol

_
u
kJ/kmol

_
s
kJ/(kmoI.K)

0
260
270
280
290

0
7,370
7,657
7,945
8,233

0
5,209
5,412
5,617
5,822

0
126.636
127.719
128.765
129.775

1440
1480
1520
1560
1600

42,808
44,091
45,384
46,683
47,990

30,835
31,786
32,746
33,713
34,687

177.410
178.291
179.153
179.995
180.820

298
300
320
340
360

8,468
8,522
9,100
9,680
10,262

5,989
6,027
6,440
6,853
7,268

130.574
130.754
132.621
134.378
136.039

1640
1680
1720
1760
1800

49,303
50,622
51,947
53,279
54,618

35,668
36,654
37,646
38,645
39,652

181.632
182.428
183.208
183.973
184.724

380
400
420
440
460

10,843
11,426
12,010
12,594
13,179

7,684
8,100
8,518
8,936
9,355

137.612
139.106
140.529
141.888
143.187

1840
1880
1920
1960
2000

55,962
57,311
58,668
60,031
61,400

40,663
41,680
42,705
43,735
44,771

185.463
186.190
186.904
187.607
188.297

480
500
520
560
600

13,764
14,350
14,935
16,107
17,280

9,773
10,193
10,611
11,451
12,291

144.432
145.628
146.775
148.945
150.968

2050
2100
2150
2200
2250

63,119
64,847
66,584
68,328
70,080

46,074
47,386
48,708
50,037
51,373

189.148
189.979
190.796
191.598
192.385

640
680
720
760
800

18,453
19,630
20,807
21,988
23,171

13,133
13,976
14,821
15,669
16,520

152.863
154.645
156.328
157.923
159.440

2300
2350
2400
2450
2500

71,839
73,608
75,383
77,168
78,960

52,716
54,069
55,429
56,798
58,175

193.159
193.921
194.669
195.403
196.125

840
880
920
960
1000

24,359
25,551
26,747
27,948
29,154

17,375
18,235
19,098
19,966
20,839

160.891
162.277
163.607
164.884
166.114

2550
2600
2650
2700
2750

80,755
82,558
84,368
86,186
88,008

59,554
60,941
62,335
63,737
65,144

196.837
197.539
198.229
198.907
199.575

1040
1080
1120
1160
1200

30,364
31,580
32,802
34,028
35,262

21,717
22,601
23,490
24,384
25,284

167.300
168.449
169.560
170.636
171.682

2800
2850
2900
2950
3000

89,838
91,671
93,512
95,358
97,211

66,558
67,976
69,401
70,831
72,268

200.234
200.885
201.527
202.157
202.778

1240
1280
1320
1360
1400

36,502
37,749
39,002
40,263
41,530

26,192
27,106
28,027
28,955
29,889

172.698
173.687
174.652
175.593
176.510

3050
3100
3150
3200
3250

99,065
100,926
102,793
104,667
106,545

73,707
75,152
76,604
78,061
79,523

203.391
203.995
204.592
205.181
205.765

ek

11/6/08

10:15

Page 921

Ek 1

921

TABLO A23
H2O, Su buharnn mkemmel gaz zelikleri
_
_
_
T
h
u
s
K
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
kJ/(kmoI.K)

T
K

0
220
230
240
250

0
7,295
7,628
7,961
8,294

0
5,466
5,715
5,965
6,215

0
178.576
180.054
181.471
182.831

260
270
280
290
298

8,627
8,961
9,296
9,631
9,904

6,466
6,716
6,968
7,219
7,425

300
310
320
330
340

9,966
10,302
10,639
10,976
11,314

350
360
370
380
390

_
h
kJ/kmol

_
u
kJ/kmol

_
s
kJ/(kmol .K)

600
610
620
630
640

20,402
20,765
21,130
21,495
21,862

15,413
15,693
15,975
16,257
16,541

212.920
213.529
214.122
214.707
215.285

184.139
185.399
186.616
187.791
188.720

650
660
670
680
690

22,230
22,600
22,970
23,342
23,714

16,826
17,112
17,399
17,688
17,978

215.856
216.419
216.976
217.527
218.071

7,472
7,725
7,978
8,232
8,487

188.928
190.030
191.098
192.136
193.144

700
710
720
730
740

24,088
24,464
24,840
25,218
25,597

18,268
18,561
18,854
19,148
19,444

218.610
219.142
219.668
220.189
220.707

11,652
11,992
12,331
12,672
13,014

8,742
8,998
9,255
9,513
9,771

194.125
195.081
196.012
196.920
197.807

750
760
770
780
790

25,977
26,358
26,741
27,125
27,510

19,741
20,039
20,339
20,639
20,941

221.215
221.720
222.221
222.717
223.207

400
410
420
430
440

13,356
13,699
14,043
14,388
14,734

10,030
10,290
10,551
10,813
11,075

198.673
199.521
200.350
201.160
201.955

800
810
820
830
840

27,896
28,284
28,672
29,062
29,454

21,245
21,549
21,855
22,162
22,470

223.693
224.174
224.651
225.123
225.592

450
460
470
480
490

15,080
15,428
15,777
16,126
16,477

11,339
11,603
11,869
12,135
12,403

202.734
203.497
204.247
204.982
205.705

850
860
870
880
890

29,846
30,240
30,635
31,032
31,429

22,779
23,090
23,402
23,715
24,029

226.057
226.517
226.973
227.426
227.875

500
510
520
530
540

16,828
17,181
17,534
17,889
18,245

12,671
12,940
13,211
13,482
13,755

206.413
207.112
207.799
208.475
209.139

900
910
920
930
940

31,828
32,228
32,629
33,032
33,436

24,345
24,662
24,980
25,300
25,621

228.321
228.763
229.202
229.637
230.070

550
560
570
580
590

18,601
18,959
19,318
19,678
20,039

14,028
14,303
14,579
14,856
15,134

209.795
210.440
211.075
211.702
212.320

950
960
970
980
990

33,841
34,247
34,653
35,061
35,472

25,943
26,265
26,588
26,913
27,240

230.499
230.924
231.347
231.767
232.184

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10:15

Page 922

Termodinamik

TABLO A23
H2O, Su buharnn mkemmel gaz zelikleri
_
_
T
h
u
K
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol

(Devam)
_
s
kJ/(kmol .K)

1000
1020
1040
1060
1080

35,882
36,709
37,542
38,380
39,223

27,568
28,228
28,895
29,567
30,243

232.597
233.415
234.223
235.020
235.806

1100
1120
1140
1160
1180

40,071
40,923
41,780
42,642
43,509

30,925
31,611
32,301
32,997
33,698

1200
1220
1240
1260
1280

44,380
45,256
46,137
47,022
47,912

1300
1320
1340
1360
1380

_
h
kJ/kmol

_
u
kJ/kmol

_
s
kJ/(kmol .K)

1760
1780
1800
1820
1840

70,535
71,523
72,513
73,507
74,506

55,902
56,723
57,547
58,375
59,207

258.151
258.708
259.262
259.811
260.357

236.584
237.352
238.110
238.859
239.600

1860
1880
1900
1920
1940

75,506
76,511
77,517
78,527
79,540

60,042
60,880
61,720
62,564
63,411

260.898
261.436
261.969
262.497
263.022

34,403
35,112
35,827
36,546
37,270

240.333
241.057
241.773
242.482
243.183

1960
1980
2000
2050
2100

80,555
81,573
82,593
85,156
87,735

64,259
65,111
65,965
68,111
70,275

263.542
264.059
264.571
265.838
267.081

48,807
49,707
50,612
51,521
52,434

38,000
38,732
39,470
40,213
40,960

243.877
244.564
245.243
245.915
246.582

2150
2200
2250
2300
2350

90,330
92,940
95,562
98,199
100,846

72,454
74,649
76,855
79,076
81,308

268.301
269.500
270.679
271.839
272.978

1400
1420
1440
1460
1480

53,351
54,273
55,198
56,128
57,062

41,711
42,466
43,226
43,989
44,756

247.241
247.895
248.543
249.185
249.820

2400
2450
2500
2550
2600

103,508
106,183
108,868
111,565
114,273

83,553
85,811
88,082
90,364
92,656

274.098
275.201
276.286
277.354
278.407

1500
1520
1540
1560
1580

57,999
58,942
59,888
60,838
61,792

45,528
46,304
47,084
47,868
48,655

250.450
251.074
251.693
252.305
252.912

2650
2700
2750
2800
2850

116,991
119,717
122,453
125,198
127,952

94,958
97,269
99,588
101,917
104,256

279.441
280.462
281.464
282.453
283.429

1600
1620
1640
1660
1680

62,748
63,709
64,675
65,643
66,614

49,445
50,240
51,039
51,841
52,646

253.513
254.111
254.703
255.290
255.873

2900
2950
3000
3050
3100

130,717
133,486
136,264
139,051
141,846

106,605
108,959
111,321
113,692
116,072

284.390
285.338
286.273
287.194
288.102

1700
1720
1740

67,589
68,567
69,550

53,455
54,267
55,083

256.450
257.022
257.589

3150
3200
3250

144,648
147,457
150,272

118,458
120,851
123,250

288.999
289.884
290.756

T
K

ek

11/6/08

10:15

Page 923

Ek 1

923

TABLO A24
O, Tek atomlu oksijenin mkemmel gaz zelikleri
_
_
_
T
h
u
s
K
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
kJ/(kmoI.K)

T
K

0
298
300
500
1000
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2050
2100
2150
2200
2250
2300
2350

2400
2450
2500
2550
2600
2650
2700
2750
2800
2850
2900
2950
3000
3100
3200
3300
3400
3500

0
6,852
6,892
11,197
21,713
32,150
34,234
36,317
38,400
40,482
42,564
43,605
44,646
45,687
46,728
47,769
48,811
49,852

0
4,373
4,398
7,040
13,398
19,679
20,931
22,183
23,434
24,685
25,935
26,560
27,186
27,811
28,436
29,062
29,688
30,314

0
160.944
161.079
172.088
186.678
195.143
196.488
197.751
198.941
200.067
201.135
201.649
202.151
202.641
203.119
203.588
204.045
204.493

_
h
kJ/kmol

_
u
kJ/kmol

_
s
kJ/(kmol .K)

50,894
51,936
52,979
54,021
55,064
56,108
57,152
58,196
59,241
60,286
61,332
62,378
63,425
65,520
67,619
69,720
71,824
73,932

30,940
31,566
32,193
32,820
33,447
34,075
34,703
35,332
35,961
36,590
37,220
37,851
38,482
39,746
41,013
42,283
43,556
44,832

204.932
205.362
205.783
206.196
206.601
206.999
207.389
207.772
208.148
208.518
208.882
209.240
209.592
210.279
210.945
211.592
212.220
212.831

_
h
kJ/kmol

_
u
kJ/kmol

_
s
kJ/(kmol .K)

77,015
78,801
80,592
82,388
84,189
85,995
87,806
89,622
91,442
93,266
95,095
96,927
98,763
102,447
106,145
109,855
113,578
117,312

57,061
58,431
59,806
61,186
62,572
63,962
65,358
66,757
68,162
69,570
70,983
72,400
73,820
76,673
79,539
82,418
85,309
88,212

248.628
249.364
250.088
250.799
251.499
252.187
252.864
253.530
254.186
254.832
255.468
256.094
256.712
257.919
259.093
260.235
261.347
262.429

TABLO A25
OH, Hidroksilin mkemmel gaz zelikleri
_
_
T
h
u
K
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol

_
s
kJ/(kmoI.K)

0
298
300
500
1000
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2050
2100
2150
2200
2250
2300
2350

0
183.594
183.779
198.955
219.624
232.506
234.642
236.672
238.606
240.453
242.221
243.077
243.917
244.740
245.547
246.338
247.116
247.879

0
9,188
9,244
15,181
30,123
46,046
49,358
52,706
56,089
59,505
62,952
64,687
66,428
68,177
69,932
71,694
73,462
75,236

0
6,709
6,749
11,024
21,809
33,575
36,055
38,571
41,123
43,708
46,323
47,642
48,968
50,301
51,641
52,987
54,339
55,697

T
K
2400
2450
2500
2550
2600
2650
2700
2750
2800
2850
2900
2950
3000
3100
3200
3300
3400
3500

ek

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924

10:15

Page 924

Termodinamik
TABLO A26
25C scaklk ve 1atm basnta Oluum entalpisi, oluum Gibbs fonksiyonu
ve mutlak entropi
_
_
_
gf
s
Kimyasal
hf
Madde
Forml
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
kJ/(kmol.K)
Karbon
Hidrojen
Azot
Okijen
Karbon monoksit
Karbon dioksit
Su buhar
Su
Hidrojen peroksit
Amonyak
Metan
Asetilen
Etilen
Etan
Propilen
Propan
n-Btan
n-Oktan
n-Oktan
n-Dodekan
Benzen
Metil alkol
Metil alkol
Etil alkol
Etil alkol
Okijen
Hidrojen
Azot
Hidroksil

C(s)
H2(g)
N2(g)
O2(g)
CO(g)
CO2(g)
H2O(g)
H2O(
)
H2O2(g)
NH3(g)
CH4(g)
C2H2(g)
C2H4(g)
C2H6(g)
C3H6(g)
C3H8(g)
C4H10(g)
C8H18(g)
C8H18(
)
C12H26(g)
C6H6(g)
CH3OH(g)
CH3OH(
)
C2H5OH(g)
C2H5OH(
)
O(g)
H(g)
N(g)
OH(g)

0
0
0
0
110,530
393,520
241,820
285,830
136,310
46,190
74,850
+226,730
+52,280
84,680
+20,410
103,850
126,150
208,450
249,950
291,010
+82,930
200,670
238,660
235,310
277,690
+249,190
+218,000
+472,650
+39,460

0
0
0
0
137,150
394,360
228,590
237,180
105,600
16,590
50,790
+209,170
+68,120
32,890
+62,720
23,490
15,710
+16,530
+6,610
+50,150
+129,660
162,000
166,360
168,570
174,890
+231,770
+203,290
+455,510
+34,280

5.74
130.68
191.61
205.04
197.65
213.80
188.83
69.92
232.63
192.33
186.16
200.85
219.83
229.49
266.94
269.91
310.12
466.73
360.79
622.83
269.20
239.70
126.80
282.59
160.70
161.06
114.72
153.30
183.70

Kaynak: JANAF, Thermochemical Tables (Midland, MI: Dow Chemical Co., 1971); Selected Values
of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties, NBS Technical Note 270-3, 1968; and API Research Project 44 (Carnegie Press, 1953).

ek

11/6/08

10:15

Page 925

Ek 1

925

st
sl
deer,3
kJ/kg

Alt
sl
deer,3
kJ/kg

TABLO A27
Bilinen baz yaktlarn ve hidrokarbonlarn zellikleri

Yakt (hal)

Kimyasal
Forml

Mol
ktlesi,
kg/kmol

Karbon (s)
Hidrojen (g)
Karbon monoksit (g)
Metan (g)
Metanol (
)
Asetilen (g)
Etan (g)
Etanol (
)
Propan (
)
Btan (
)
1-Penten (
)
zopentan (
)
Benzen (
)
Heksen (
)
Heksan (
)
Toluen (
)
Heptan (
)
Oktan (
)
Dekan (
)
Benzin (
)
Hafif dizel (
)
Ar dizel (
)
Doal gaz (g)

C
H
CO
CH4
CH4O
C2H2
C2H6
C2H6O
C3H8
C4H10
C5H10
C5H12
C6H6
C6H12
C6H14
C7H8
C7H16
C8H18
C10H22
CnH1.87n
CnH1.8n
CnH1.7n
CnH3.8nN0.1n

12.011
2.016
28.013
16.043
32.042
26.038
30.070
46.069
44.097
58.123
70.134
72.150
78.114
84.161
86.177
92.141
100.204
114.231
142.285
100110
170
200
18

11

Younluk,1
kg/L

Buharlama
entalpisi,2
kJ/kg

0.790

0.790
0.500
0.579
0.641
0.626
0.877
0.673
0.660
0.867
0.684
0.703
0.730
0.720.78
0.780.84
0.820.88

509
1168

172
919
335
362
363

433
392
366
412
365
363
361
350
270
230

atm basn ve 20C scaklkta.

2Sv

yaktlar iin 25C scaklkta, gaz yaktlar iin 1 atm basn ve normal kaynama scaklnda.

325C

scaklkta. Isl deerleri kJ/kmol cinsinden elde etmek iin yaktn mol ktlesi ile arpnz.

zgl
s,1 cp
kJ/kg K
0.708
14.4
1.05
2.20
2.53
1.69
1.75
2.44
2.77
2.42
2.20
2.32
1.72
1.84
2.27
1.71
2.24
2.23
2.21
2.4
2.2
1.9
2

32,800
141,800
10,100
55,530
22,660
49,970
51,900
29,670
50,330
49,150
47,760
48,570
41,800
47,500
48,310
42,400
48,100
47,890
47,640
47,300
46,100
45,500
50,000

32,800
120,000
10,100
50,050
19,920
48,280
47,520
26,810
46,340
45,370
44,630
44,910
40,100
44,400
44,740
40,500
44,600
44,430
44,240
44,000
43,200
42,800
45,000

ek

11/6/08

926

10:15

Page 926

Termodinamik

TABLO A28
Kp denge sabitinin doal logaritmas
nA A + nB B nC C + nD D reaksiyonu iin Kp denge sabiti Kp

PCnC PDnD
eklinde tanmlanr
PAnA PBnB

Temp.,
K
298
500
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800
3000
3200
3400
3600
3800
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000

H2 2H

O2 2O

N2 2N

164.005
92.827
39.803
30.874
24.463
19.637
15.866
12.840
10.353
8.276
6.517
5.002
3.685
2.534
1.516
0.609
0.202
0.934
2.486
3.725
4.743
5.590

186.975
105.630
45.150
35.005
27.742
22.285
18.030
14.622
11.827
9.497
7.521
5.826
4.357
3.072
1.935
0.926
0.019
0.796
2.513
3.895
5.023
5.963

367.480
213.372
99.127
80.011
66.329
56.055
48.051
41.645
36.391
32.011
28.304
25.117
22.359
19.937
17.800
15.898
14.199
12.660
9.414
6.807
4.666
2.865

H2O H2 + 1/2O2

H2O 1/2H2 + OH

CO2 CO + 1/2O2

92.208
52.691
23.163
18.182
14.609
11.921
9.826
8.145
6.768
5.619
4.648
3.812
3.086
2.451
1.891
1.392
0.945
0.542
0.312
0.996
1.560
2.032

106.208
60.281
26.034
20.283
16.099
13.066
10.657
8.728
7.148
5.832
4.719
3.763
2.937
2.212
1.576
1.088
0.501
0.044
0.920
1.689
2.318
2.843

103.762
57.616
23.529
17.871
13.842
10.830
8.497
6.635
5.120
3.860
2.801
1.894
1.111
0.429
0.169
0.701
1.176
1.599
2.490
3.197
3.771
4.245

1/ N
2 2

+ 1/2O2 NO
35.052
20.295
9.388
7.569
6.270
5.294
4.536
3.931
3.433
3.019
2.671
2.372
2.114
1.888
1.690
1.513
1.356
1.216
0.921
0.686
0.497
0.341

Kaynak: J. Van Wylen and Richard E. Sonntag, Fundamentals of Classical Termodinamik, English/SI Version, 3rd ed. (New York: John Wiley & Sons,
1986), p. 723, table A.14. JANAF, Thermochemical Tables (Midland, MI: Thermal Research Laboratory, The Dow Chemical Company, 1971) adl kaynaktan verilen termodinamik verilere dayaldr.

11/6/08

10:15

Page 927

Ek 1
7.5

927

0.50

7.0

0.55
T

0.60

6.5
0.65
0.70

6.0
SaD
tuory
amte
ud

5.5

0.75
0.80

lsiq
vui
d

0.90

5.0

0.85
0.90

1.10
1.15

0.92

3.5

0.94

1.20

0.96

1.25

3.0
1.30
0.98

2.5

1.40

1.5

1.70 1.80

aorr
bvuahp 95
atued
0.
yrm
u
t
o
a
SD .90
0

0.5

1.60

1.90 2.00
2.20

3
1.

1.

1.0

1.1
1.2 0
0

1.50

00

2.0

2.40 2.60

1.5

2.80
3.00

2.00

4.00

0.2

0.3 0.4 0.5

1.0

2.0

3.0 4.0 5.0

10

20

30

ndirgenmi basn, PR

0.500

0.400

TR

0
0.9 0
9

0.

80

TR

0.

1.0

tDuo
ryam
teud
bvu
ahpa
ro
ur

0.300

0.200

1.10
1.20

Sa

hideal h
hideal h
=
Zh =
RuTkr
RTkr

0.1

Entalpi sapmas

hideal h
hideal h
=
Zh =
RuTkr
RTkr

0.80

4.5
4.0

0.85

0.94 0.92
0.98 0.96
1.00
1.02
1.04
1.06 1.08

0.75

Entalpi sapmas

ek

0.100

1.40
1.60

EKIL A29

2.00

Genelletirilmi entalpi sapma diyagram

0.000
0

0.05

0.10

0.15
PR

0.20

0.25

0.30

Kaynak: John R. Howell and Richard O. Buckius,

Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics,
SI Version (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1987), p. 558,
fig. C.2, and p. 561, fig. C.5.

Page 928

Termodinamik

Entropi sapmas

10.0

9.0

TRr

8.0

0.500

ur
pr o
.90
vha
=0
bdu
e
t
TR
ua
r
u
m
ayt
DSo
0
1.0

0.400
0.300

0.
80

928

10:15

sideal s
sideal s
=
Zs =
Ru
R

11/6/08

0.200
0.100
0.000
0

1.10
1.20
1.40
1.60
2.00
0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30
PR

7.0
0.55
0.60
vas
dsg
atue
tuyrm
SDao

sideal s
sideal s
=
Zs =
Ru
R

0.50

Entropi sapmas

6.0

0.65
0.70

5.0

0.75

0.75

0.80

0.80
0.85

4.0

0.90
0.90

0.94

0.92
0.98

0.92

1.00

1.02

0.96

0.85

0.96

0.94

3.0

0.94
0.98

1.04

1.02

1.06
1.08

0.98

1.06

1.10
1.15

2.0
1.20

1.30

EKIL A30

1.0
aorr
ud bvuahp
mte
0
SDaotuyra
0.9

Genelletirilmi entropi sapma diyagram

Kaynak: John R. Howell and Richard O. Buckius,
Fundamentals of Engineering Termodinamik,
SI Version (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1987), p. 559,
fig. C.3, and p. 561, fig. C.5.

1.0.95
00

ek

0
0.1

0.2

0.3 0.40.5

4
1.0 .10
1
1.20
1.40
1.60

1.0

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.80

2.00
3.00

2.50

2.0

3.0 4.0 5.0

ndirgenmi basn, PR

10

20

30

2.5
5

10

10

15

a
m
oy
D

70

l
ak
sc

r
ku

15

20

0.8
4

20

25

0.8
6

40

30%

Kuru termometre scakl C

50

%10 b

sca
kl

m
a l ne

etre

om

term

0.8

0.8

0.7

40

50

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

0.95
1.0

0.90

0.85

0.80

0.75

0.70

0.65

0.60

0.55

0.50

0.45

0.40

American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., Atlanta, GAnn izniyle baslmtr.

30

20%

sla
k

30

26

28

30

0.36

Ek 1

EKIL31
1 atm toplam basn iin psikrometrik diyagram

%
20

0%

25,

0.8

Center for Applied Thermodynamic Studies, University of Idaho niversitesi tarafndan hazrlanm tr.

10

2.0

30

50

i(
lp
ta 60
n
E

,
h)

g
/k
kJ

va

ha

80

30

0.9

40

Entalpi
h
=
Nem oran


0.2
kur

90

100

2m
kg

20

4.0

0.4

1.0
1.5
5.0
2.0
4.0
2.0
HS

Duyulur s

=
24.0
0.0
Toplam s
HT .0
1.0
1.0

3/

5.0

10.0

1.0
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5

0.1

0.2

3.0

0.

Deniz Seviyesi

.5

90

1992 American Society of Heating,

Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.

10:15

80

11/6/08

70

ASHRAE Psikometrik Diyagram No. 1

Normal Scaklk
Barometrik Basn: 101.325 kPa

HS
Duyulur s

=
Toplam s
HT
Nem oran (), g nem/ kg kuru hava

ek
Page 929

929

0.9
4

uh
ava

0.9

11/6/08

930

10:15

Page 930

Termodinamik

k1
Ma*
Ma
B 2  (k  1)Ma2
0.5(k1)
(k1)
A
1
2
k1


ca
b a1 
Ma2bd
A* Ma k  1
2
k
(k1)
P
k1

a1 
Ma2b
P0
2
1
(k1)
r
k1

a1 
Ma2b
r0
2
1
T
k1

a1 
Ma2b
T0
2

TABLO A32
k
1.4 olan bir mkemmel gaz iin bir-boyutlu, izantropik
sktrlabilir ak fonksiyonlar
Ma

Ma*

A/A*

P/P0

r/r0

T/T0

0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3.0
5.0

0
0.1094
0.2182
0.3257
0.4313
0.5345
0.6348
0.7318
0.8251
0.9146
1.0000
1.1583
1.2999
1.4254
1.5360
1.6330
1.7179
1.7922
1.8571
1.9140
1.9640
2.2361
2.2495


5.8218
2.9635
2.0351
1.5901
1.3398
1.1882
1.0944
1.0382
1.0089
1.0000
1.0304
1.1149
1.2502
1.4390
1.6875
2.0050
2.4031
2.8960
3.5001
4.2346
25.000

1.0000
0.9930
0.9725
0.9395
0.8956
0.8430
0.7840
0.7209
0.6560
0.5913
0.5283
0.4124
0.3142
0.2353
0.1740
0.1278
0.0935
0.0684
0.0501
0.0368
0.0272
0.0019
0

1.0000
0.9950
0.9803
0.9564
0.9243
0.8852
0.8405
0.7916
0.7400
0.6870
0.6339
0.5311
0.4374
0.3557
0.2868
0.2300
0.1841
0.1472
0.1179
0.0946
0.0760
0.0113
0

1.0000
0.9980
0.9921
0.9823
0.9690
0.9524
0.9328
0.9107
0.8865
0.8606
0.8333
0.7764
0.7184
0.6614
0.6068
0.5556
0.5081
0.4647
0.4252
0.3894
0.3571
0.1667
0

3.0
A/A*
2.5
Sktrlabilir ak fonksiyonlar

ek

2.0
Ma*
1.5

1.0

T/T0

0.5

r/r*
P/P0
0
0

0.5

1.0

1.5
Ma

2.0

2.5

11/6/08

10:15

Page 931

Ek 1
T01
T02

931

TABLO A33

(k  1)Ma21  2
Ma2

B 2kMa21  k  1

k
1.4 olan bir mkemmel gaz iin bir-boyutlu normal ok fonksiyonlar

P 2 1  kMa21 2kMa21  k  1




P 1 1  kMa22
k1
r 2 P 2
P 1
(k 
V1






2
r1
T2
T1
2  (k  1)Ma1 V2
1)Ma21

T2 2  Ma21(k  1)


T1 2  Ma22(k  1)
P 02 Ma1 1  Ma22(k  1)
2 (k  1)/[2(k  1)]


c
d
P 01 Ma2 1  Ma21(k  1)
2
P 02 (1  kMa21)[1  Ma22(k  1)
2]k
(k1)


P1
1  kMa22

Ma1

Ma2

P2/P1

r2/r1

T2/T1

P02/P01

P02/P1

1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0
4.0
5.0


1.0000
0.9118
0.8422
0.7860
0.7397
0.7011
0.6684
0.6405
0.6165
0.5956
0.5774
0.5613
0.5471
0.5344
0.5231
0.5130
0.5039
0.4956
0.4882
0.4814
0.4752
0.4350
0.4152
0.3780

1.0000
1.2450
1.5133
1.8050
2.1200
2.4583
2.8200
3.2050
3.6133
4.0450
4.5000
4.9783
5.4800
6.0050
6.5533
7.1250
7.7200
8.3383
8.9800
9.6450
10.3333
18.5000
29.000


1.0000
1.1691
1.3416
1.5157
1.6897
1.8621
2.0317
2.1977
2.3592
2.5157
2.6667
2.8119
2.9512
3.0845
3.2119
3.3333
3.4490
3.5590
3.6636
3.7629
3.8571
4.5714
5.0000
6.0000

1.0000
1.0649
1.1280
1.1909
1.2547
1.3202
1.3880
1.4583
1.5316
1.6079
1.6875
1.7705
1.8569
1.9468
2.0403
2.1375
2.2383
2.3429
2.4512
2.5632
2.6790
4.0469
5.8000


1.0000
0.9989
0.9928
0.9794
0.9582
0.9298
0.8952
0.8557
0.8127
0.7674
0.7209
0.6742
0.6281
0.5833
0.5401
0.4990
0.4601
0.4236
0.3895
0.3577
0.3283
0.1388
0.0617
0

1.8929
2.1328
2.4075
2.7136
3.0492
3.4133
3.8050
4.2238
4.6695
5.1418
5.6404
6.1654
6.7165
7.2937
7.8969
8.5261
9.1813
9.8624
10.5694
11.3022
12.0610
21.0681
32.6335


5.0
P02/P1

P2 /P1

4.0

Normal ok fonksiyonlar

ek

r2 /r1

3.0
T2 /T1

2.0

1.0
Ma2
P02 /P01
0
1.0

1.5

2.0
Ma1

2.5

3.0

11/6/08

932

10:15

Page 932

Termodinamik

T0
(k  1)Ma [2  (k  1)Ma2]


T 0*
(1  kMa2)2

TABLO A34

P0
2  (k  1)Ma2 k
(k1)
k1
a
b


P*0 1  kMa2
k1

Ma

T0/T 0*

P0/P 0*

T/T*

P/P *

V/V*

0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3.0

0.0000
0.0468
0.1736
0.3469
0.5290
0.6914
0.8189
0.9085
0.9639
0.9921
1.0000
0.9787
0.9343
0.8842
0.8363
0.7934
0.7561
0.7242
0.6970
0.6738
0.6540

1.2679
1.2591
1.2346
1.1985
1.1566
1.1141
1.0753
1.0431
1.0193
1.0049
1.0000
1.0194
1.0777
1.1756
1.3159
1.5031
1.7434
2.0451
2.4177
2.8731
3.4245

0.0000
0.0560
0.2066
0.4089
0.6151
0.7901
0.9167
0.9929
1.0255
1.0245
1.0000
0.9118
0.8054
0.7017
0.6089
0.5289
0.4611
0.4038
0.3556
0.3149
0.2803

2.4000
2.3669
2.2727
2.1314
1.9608
1.7778
1.5957
1.4235
1.2658
1.1246
1.0000
0.7958
0.6410
0.5236
0.4335
0.3636
0.3086
0.2648
0.2294
0.2004
0.1765

0.0000
0.0237
0.0909
0.1918
0.3137
0.4444
0.5745
0.6975
0.8101
0.9110
1.0000
1.1459
1.2564
1.3403
1.4046
1.4545
1.4938
1.5252
1.5505
1.5711
1.5882

Ma(1  k) 2
T

a
b
T*
1  kMa2
1k
P


P* 1  kMa2
r* (1  k)Ma2
V




r
V*
1  kMa2

k
1.4 olan bir mkemmel gaz iin Rayleigh ak fonksiyonlar

3.5
P0 /P0*
3.0

Rayleigh ak fonksiyonlar

ek

2.5

2.0

V/V *
1.5

1.0
T0 /T 0*
0.5

T/T *
P/P*

0
0

0.5

1.0

1.5
Ma

2.0

2.5

3.0

indeks

11/6/08

10:13

Page 933

DZN
A
A, 5
A- bombas, 57
Ak besleme sulu stc, 568570
Ak evrim, 487
Ak gaz trbin motoru evrimi, 508
Ak sistem, 1011
Adyabatik alev scakl, 770773
Adyabatik doyma scakl, 723724
Adyabatik hal deiimi, 61
Adyabatik verim, 370
Adyabatik yanma scakl, 770
Aerodinamik diren katsays, 531
Aerodinamik olarak tasarlanm
aralar, 531, 532
AFUE, 79
Ar dizel, 925
Arlk, 7
Arlklar ve ller Genel Konferans
(CGPM), 5
AID, 764
Ak alanndaki akkan hz, 832834
Ak ekserjisi, 437438
Ak enerjisi, 58, 226, 227, 438
Ak halindeki akkan, 227228
Ak ii, 58, 226227, 254
Ak, younluk deiimleri. Sktrlabilir
aklara baknz.
Akkan akmnn ekserjisi, 437438
Akkan akmnn genlemesi, 448451
Akkan dinamii, 823. Sktrlabilir aka
baknz.
Akkan srtnmesi, 557
Akkor lambalar, 80
Aktarm enerjisi, 227
Alt evrim, 587
Alt sl deeri (AID), 764
Alt indis f, 127
Alt indis fg, 127
Alt indis ort, 130
Alt l nokta (AN), 493
Alternatif yaktlar, 573, 753
Amagatn eklenen basnlar yasas, 684
Amino asitler, 194
Amonyak, 617, 884, 924
Amonyak, 617, 884, 924
Amonyak-su sourmal soutma
sistemi, 631, 632

Amper (A), 5
Anlaml basamaklar, 38
AN, 493
Ara stmal kademeli genleme, 517
Ara soutma, 517
Ara soutmal kademeli sktrma, 367368,
517
Ara soutmal, ara stmal, rejeneratrl
Brayton evrimi, 515516
Ara soutucu, 367
Ara. Otomobile baknz
Ara stma
Brayton evrimi, 517521
buhar g evrimi, 564568, 574576
ok kademeli genleme, 517
gaz trbini, 519521
Ara stmal Rankine evrimi, 564568,
574576
Ara stmal rejeneratr Rankine evrimi,
574576
Ardk soutma sistemleri, 620
Argon, 182, 884, 885
Art yakc, 527
Asetilen, 924, 925
Asit yamuru, 8889
Ar doymu, 870
Ar kilo, 198
Atk hava, 757
Atk s, 399400
atm, 22,30
Atmosfer, 425
Atmosferik basn, 2931
Atmosferik hava, 718, 720
Atom bombas, 57,
Atom, 5556
Aydnlatma sistemleri, 80
Aydnlatma verimi, 80
Ayrma ilemleri, 701704
Ayrma santralleri, 697
Ayrk eik ok, 854855
Ayrma, 798
Azot oksit (NOx), 87
Azot, 117, 627, 884, 885, 912913, 924

B
Bal basn, 359
Bal nem, 149, 719, 720, 725726

Bal younluk, 13
Bantlar. Termodinamik zellik bantlarna
baknz
Bahe hortum fskiyesi, 224225
Balonla umak, 161162
bar, 22
Barometre, 29, 31
Barometrik basn, 29
Basn
atmosferik, 2931
azalma, 141
basn kuvvetleri tarafndan yaplan i,
253255
buhar, 149, 718
Dalton yasas, 684
derinlik, 23-26
doyma, 115-118
doymu dv - tank, 128
durma, 825
genelletirilmi izelge, 143144
gsterge, 22, 23
hidrostatik, 3233
karan, 685
kazan, 561564
ksmi, 685
kritik, 119
mutlak, 22, 23
OEB, 493
ozmotik, 705
lm birimi, 21
sanki kritik, 686
tanm, 21
l nokta, 123
vakum, 22, 23
youturucu, 560561
Basn dntrcler, 29
Basn ds, 24
Basn d testi, 393
Basn gstergesi, 22
Basn oran, 509
Basn oran, 685
Basn lm cihazlar, 2629
Basit sktrlabilir sistem, 15
Bazal metobolik hz, 193
Beattie-Bridgeman hal denklemi, 145
Becquerel, Edmond, 649
Benedict-Webb-Rubin hal denklemi, 145
Benzen, 86, 87, 884, 924, 925
Benzin stma deeri, 79

933

indeks

11/6/08

934

10:13

Page 934

DZN

Benzin, 497, 532, 753, 925

Benzinli motor, 497, 500
Bernouilli denklemi, 363
Besin, 194198, 889
Besin, 194198, 889
Besleme suyu stcs (FWH), 568, 571
Besleme suyu, 568, 569
Beyin, 193
Bileik s- g retimi santrali, 579583
Bileik s- g retimi, 578- 583
Bilgisayar yazlm (EES), 3638
1090 MW Tohoku birleik santrali, 584
1250 hp kompresr nitesi
1350 MW birleik g santrali evrimi, 585
1990 yl uluslar aras scaklk lei (ITS90),
20
1-Penten, 925
1-Penten, 925
Bir depodan su boaltlmas, 225226
Bir sistemin enerji deiimi, 72
Birim dnm oran, 9
Birim mol iin zellikler, 138
Birim sistemleri, 4-5
Birimler, 3
Birinci Carnot ilkesi, 358
Birinci trden devir daim makineleri (DDM1),
293
Birinci yasa analizi
bombada yanma, 769770
srekli-ak yanmas, 767769
tepkimeli sistemler, 765770
Birincil boyutlar, 3
Birleik gaz-buhar g evrimi, 583586
Birleik gaz-buhar g santrali, 584585
Birleik gaz-su buhar g evrimi, 585586
Bitkisel kaynakl proteinler, 194
Bitkisel yalar, 194
BMI, 198
Boaz, 831, 832
Bouk ak, 837
Bouk Rayleigh ak, 867
Boltzmann bants, 347
Boltzmann sabiti, 347
Bomba kalorimetresi, 194
Bor, 493
Boru ve gvde tipi s deitiriciler, 242
Boru ve kanal ak, 244246
Borusal yakc, 868869
Boa harcanm i potansiyeli. Ekserji yok
oluuna, Tersinmezlie baknz
Boa harcanm zihinsel uyanklk, 467
Bourdan tp, 29
Bourdan-Eugene, 29
Boyle, Robert, 137
Boyutlar, 3
Boyutlarn trdelii, 8
Boyutsal homojenlik, 8
Brayton evrimi, 507513
Brayton, George, 507
Bridgman izelgesi, 680
Bridgman, P.W., 680
British thermal unit (Btu), 7
Bromin, 884
Btu, 7
Buhar basnc, 149, 718
Buhar evrimi, 487
Buhar g evrimi, 551578
ara stma, 564568, 574576

Carnot buhar evrimi, 552553

ideal ile gerein karlatrlmas, 557560
ideal rejenerativ Rankine evrimi, 574576
ikinci yasa analizi, 576578
kazan basnc, 561564
kzgn buharn yksek scaklklara
karlmas, 561, 562564
Rankine evrimi, 553557
rejenerasyon, 568576
verim art, 560564
youturucu basnc, 560561
Buhar llesi, 869872
Buhar noktas, 18, 20
Buhar pskrtlmesi, 550
Buhar trbini ile g retimi, 237238
Buhar trbini. Trbine baknz
g retimi, 237238
ikinci-yasa analizi, 460462
Buhar reticisi, 554
Buhar, 137. Gaza baknz
Buharn yksek scakllara kzdrlmas, 561,
562564
Buharlama entalpisi, 127
Buharlama gizli ss, 116, 127
Buharlama odas, 623625
Buharlama, 114
Buharlama, 151
gldeki scaklk dm, 152
hacim/enerji deiimi, 128129
mol oran, 813
sudaki soutma etkisi, 150, 152
Buharlamal soutma, 734735
Buharlamal soutucu, 151, 734
Buharlamal soutucu, 734, 735
Buhar-sktrmal soutma evrimi, 287
gerek, 614616
ideal, 610616
yeniliki, 620628
Buji atelemeli (SI) motorlar, 494
Buz kalorimetresi, 164
Buz noktas, 17, 19
Buz, 112
Btan, 87, 884, 885, 924, 925
Bypass oran, 526

C
c, 5
cp, 178180, 664665
cv , 178180, 664665
candela (cd), 5
Carnot buhar evrimi, 552553
Carnot evrimi, 299301, 346, 490492
Carnot s motoru, 305309
Carnot s pompas, 309311, 609
Carnot ilkeleri, 302303
Carnot soutma evrimi, 301
Carnot soutucusu, 309310, 609
Carnot verimi, 305
Carnot, Sadi, 300
Carre, Ferdinand, 632
Cd, 5
Celsius (oC), 20
Celsius lei, 18, 20
Celsius, A., 18
Centi (c), 5
CFC, 616618

Charles, J., 137

CI motorlar, 494
Cier, 193
Cva, 715
Clapeyron eitlii, 658661
Clapeyron, E., 659
Clapeyron-Clausius eitlii, 660
Clausius eitsizlii, 332, 333
Clausius ifadesi, 292293
Clausius, Rudolph, 2, 53, 332333
CNG, 752, 753
CO. Karbon monoksite baknz (CO)
CO2. Karbon dioksite baknz (CO2)
Columbia uzay gemisi felaketi, 851
COPIP, 289
COP, 288289
COPS, 288289
COPsourma, 288289
COPtersinir,sourma, 633
Coulomb itici gc, 57
Cullen, William, 154
Curie, Pierre and Jacques, 29

evre ii (Wevre), 428

evre, 10, 424
evre, 424, 425
evresel kirlilik. Kirlilie baknz
evrim
ak, 487
alt, 587
ardk soutma, 620
bileik gaz-buhar, 583586
bileik gaz-su buhar g, 585586
Brayton, 507513
buhar gc. Buhar gc evrimine baknz
buhar, 487
buhar-sktrmal soutma, 287, 610616
Carnot buhar, 552553
Carnot, 299301, 490-492
evrim bants, 656
dizel, 500503
Ericcson, 503507
ekserji yok oluu, 528
gaz g, 487550. Gaz g
evrimine baknz
gaz soutma, 628631
gaz, 487
gaz-trbin, 513514
g, 487489. G evrimlerine baknz
hava-standard, 493
ikili buhar, 586588
kapal, 487
karma (ikili), 501
model, 370
mkemmel (ideal), 488
Otto, 499499
Rankine, 535537
soutma. Soutma evrimine baknz
tanmlanm, 16
tepkili, 521-525
termodinamik, 487
tersinir Brayton, 628
tersinir Carnot, 609610
tersinir Stirling, 503507
st, 587

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DZN
im bime makineleri, 495
iy noktas scakl, 721722
i, 721
ocuklar, 467
ok akkanl manometre, 28, 3738
zlebilirlik, 811, 813

D
d, 5
da, 5
Daimler Chrysler, 782
Dalga as, 852
Daltonun eklenen basnlar yasas, 684
DDM1, 293
DDM2, 293
Decane, 925
Deci (d), 5
Deka (da), 5
Demir kle
stma potansiyeli, 431432
soutma, su, 191
soutma, tersinmezlik, 429431
suya braklma, 453455
Deney problemleri
alminyumun zgl ss, 218
bakr mentee kalorimetresi, 218
bisiklet fireni, 218
elektrik kalorimetresi, 218
geici soutma, 218
havann politropik genlemesi, 218
kurunun paralanmas, 218
scakln fonksiyonu olarak
suyun younluu, 50
Denge
belirli scaklk, 801802
ezamanl tepkimeler, 804806
faz, 14, 150, 808814. Kimyasal ve
faz dengesine baknz
sl, 14,17
inert gazlar, 803804
kimyasal, 14, 794796. Kimyasal
ve faz dengesine baknz
mekanik, 14
tanm, 14
Denge sabiti (Kp), 796801, 806,807, 926
Deniz suyu, 705707
Denklem
Bernoulli, 363
Clapeyron, 658661
Clapeyron-Clausius, 660
genel enerji, 252255
srekli ak enerji, 554
T ds, 350
vant't Hoff, 806
Depo, 281
Deriiklik, 150

Esistem,72

Ssistem, 378
(dz/dx)y, 653654
Dtan tersinir hal deiimi, 299
Dtan yanmal motorlar, 507
Diesel, Rudolph, 500
Diyet, 196200, 308
Diferansiyel basn dntrcler, 29
Diferansiyel ktlesel debi, 222
Difzyon ilemi, 150

Diklorodiflorometan (R12), 884

Dikloroflorometan (R21), 884
Dinamik scaklk, 825
Direnli stc, 186, 434
Dizel evrimi, 500503
Dizel motoru, 500501, 531
Dumanl sis, 8788
Dodecane, 752, 924
Doal akl soutma kulesi, 738
Doal gaz santralleri, 551
Doal gaz, 925
Doal tanm, 93
Dorudan temasl besleme suyu stcs, 568
Dorudan temasl s deitiriciler, 242
Dorusal yay, 68
Dorusallatrma, 141
Doldurulmas
depolama sisteminin sktrlm hava ile,
463465
sabit hacimli bir kabn - buhar ile, 248250
Donanma, 509
Doygun buhar, 870
Doymu buhar erisi, 120
Doymu buhar, 114, 127129
Doymu buz- su buhar, 899
Doymu hava, 149- 719
Doymu sv - buhar karm blgesi, 120
Doymu sv - buhar karm, 114, 129132
Doymu sv erisi, 120
Doymu sv, 114, 127129
Doymu su
basn tablosu, 892893
scaklk tablosu, 890891
Dnme as, 852
Dnme erisi, 668
Dnme enerjisi, 55
Dnme kinetik enerjisi, 55
Drdnc fayda, 391
Drt zamanl buji atelemeli motor, 494
Drt zamanl motor, 494495
Durma basnc, 825
Durma entalpisi, 824
Durma zellikleri, 824827
Durma scakl, 825
Du, 240-241
Duvar, entropi retimi, 382383
Duyulur diyet, 198
Duyulur enerji, 55
Duyulur s, 728
Duyulur i enerji, 751
Ddkl tencere, 48, 250
Dz vites, 531
Dzenli bakm, 536537
Dzgn akl ak sistem, 247
dz, 653, 654

E
E  mc2, 220
Ein, E= mc2, 220
Eg, 73
E, 73
Enerji etkileimi, 56, 73, 174
Enerji etkinlik oran (EER), 290
EER, 290
EES, 3638
EGB santrali, 317

935

Egzersiz, 196, 197, 199

Egzoz stroku, 495
Egzoz supab, 493
Eitim, 466
Eri oklar, 852856, 858859
Einstein, Albert, 220
Ekserji yok oluu,. Tersinmezlie baknz
akkan akmlarnn karm, 462463
bir gazn kartrlmas, 451453
bir insann zihinsel uyankl, 467
denklem, 444
gaz s geii, 455457
s iletimi, 447448
insan, 468
kapal sistem, 528
kendiliinden oluan ilemler, 702
kimyasal reaksiyon, 775
mkemmel gaz karmlar, 692693
su buharnn genilemesi, 448451
tanm, 428
Ekserji, 423425. Ekserji dengesine baknz.
genel (kapal sistem), 446447
kapal sistemler, 444457
kontrol hacimleri, 457465
srekli ak sistemleri, 458459
tersinir i, 459
Ekserjinin azalma ilkesi, 443444
Ekzotermik tepkime, 762
Elektrik alan gc, 70
Elektrik gc, 65
Elektrik g retimi, 509
Elektrik oca, 82
Elektrik polarisazyon ii, 70
Elektrikli stma. Istmaya baknz
ev, 245246
gaz-sabit basn, 174176
Elektrikli tatlar, 91
Elling, Aegidius, 543
Emme stroku, 495
Emme sbap, 493
En fazla dnme scakl, 668
Endstriyel frnlar, 281
Enerji
ak halindeki akkan, 227228
ak, 226, 227
atk, 308
dinamik biimler, 56
dnme, 55
duyulur, 55
genel enerji denklemi, 252255
i. enerjiye baknz
kalite, 307
kimyasal, 55
kinetik, 53-54
korunumu, 255. Termodinamiin
birinci yasasna baknz
kullanlamayan, 427
makroskopik biimler, 53
mekanik, 5859
nkleer, 55, 56-57
potansiyel, 54
Rayleigh ak, 861
rzgar, 59, 105106
statik biimler, 56
srekli ak sistemleri, 230232
toplam, 53
yer deitirme, 55
yeil, 91

indeks

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DZN

zamanla deien ak sistemler, 246252

Enerji zmlemesi. Kontrol hacimlerinin ktle
ve enerji zmlemesine baknz
Enerji dengesi
hal deiimindeki sistem, 74
kapal sistem, 173178
Enerji dnm verimleri, 7886
Enerji etkinlik cihazlar, 81
Enerji geii
s ile, 6061, 73
ktle ak ile, 73
biimleri, 7378
i ile, 6267, 73
Enerji ykseltici, 295
Enerjiden yararlanma oran, 579
Enerjinin dinamik biimi, 56
Enerjinin korunumu ilkesi, 7172.
Termodinamiin birinci
yasasna baknz
Enerjinin statik biimleri, 56
Entalpi sapma grafii, 927
Enerjinin korunumu, 255
Entalpi sapma arpan, 671
Entalpi sapmas, 670
Entalpi, 127128
atmosferik hava, 720
belirli bir haldeki kimyasal bileen
durma, 824
ddkl tencere, 251
genelletirilmi entalpi sapma grafii
gerek gazlar, 670671
karm, 698
katlar, 189190
kinetik enerji, 825
mkemmel gaz, 182
zellik bantlar, 662663
zellik izelgeleri, 924
zgl, 127
sktrlm sv, 190
svlar, 189-190
statik, 824
tepkime sistemleri, 763
yanma ilemi, 807
yksek basnlardaki oksijen, 673674
Entalpi-entropi izelgeleri, 344
Entegre gazifakasyonlu birleik evrim
(EGB) santrali, 317
Entropi dengesi, 370380, 383
Entropi sapma arpan, 672
Entropi sapma grafii, 927
Entropi sapmas, 672
Entropi retimi, 336, 382383
Entropi, 331342
denge, 377380

Ssistem, 378
duvar, 382383
entropi ilkesindeki art, 335337
Fanno erisi, 849850
gerek gazlar, 671673
gle den scak kle, 385386
gnlk yaam, 348350
s geii, 338339, 378379, 388390
iki hal arasndaki DS, 334
ilgi noktalar, 337-338
izantropik hal deiimi, 343344
izantropik verim, 370377
izotermal hal deiimi, 334335
kap iindeki madde, 341

kapal sistem, 381

karm odas, 386388
karm, 698701
kat, 351354
kslma ilemi srasndaki hal
deiimi, 383-384
kompresr ii, 366370
kontrol hacimleri, 381382
ktle ak, 379
molekler dzensizlik, 346
mutlak, 347, 774, 924
mkemmel gaz, 354361
zellik grafikleri, 662663
Rayleigh ak, 861862
sabit-basn hal deiimi, 342343
saf maddeler, 339343
sistem, 378
Sretim, 380
sv, 351354
ok, 848
T ds bantlar, 350351
tanmlanm, 333334
tek-akm, adyabatik, srekli
ak dzenei, 382
tepkime sistemleri, 773775
tersinir srekli ak ii, 362366
yksek basnlardaki oksijen, 673674
Ericcson evrimi, 503507
Esas boyutlar, 3
E zamanl tepkimeler, 804806
Edeerlik oran, 757
Etan, 884, 885, 924, 925
Etanol, 752, 753, 925
Etil alkol, 884, 924
Etil eter, 617
Etilen, 884, 885, 924
Etki katsayl hal denklemi, 145146
Etki katsays, 146
Etkinlik katsays (COP), 288289
Etkinlik, 515516
Etkinlik, 78
Evdeki pencerelerin buulanmas, 722723

F
Fahrenheit, G., 18
Fahrenheit lei, 18
Fan
gaz basnc, 236
havann ivmelenmesi, 75
stma etkisi, 76
mekanik verim, 83
Fan i girii, 730
Fanjet motoru, 525
Faydal i (Wf), 428
Faydal pompa gc, 83
Faz dengesi, 14, 150, 808815
Faz diyagram, 124126
Faz dnmleri, 112113
Faz kural, 809
Fermi, Enrico, 56
Frn
stma, s geii ile, 65
stma, i geii ile, 6465
patates, 64
tanm, 81
Frn, ekserji geii, 427

Fiziksel ekserji, 466

Fizyon tepkimesi, 56, 57
Fonno erisi, 846, 849850
Ford Motor irketi, 507
Formaldehit, 86
Fosil yaktlar, 86
Fotoelektrik etkisi, 649
Fotovaltayik gne hcreleri, 109
Fotovaltayik hcreler, 649
Fourier yasas, 92
Fowler, R, H., 17
Freon, 617
Fsyon gizli ss, 116, 164
Fzyon entalpisi, 164
Fzyon tepkimesi, 57
FWH, 568571

G
g, 24, 697
G, 5
Gay-Lussac, J., 137
Gaz, 113,137
dengesiz genleme, 298
doymu buhar, 114, 127129
elektrikli stma - sabit basn, 174176
genleme - yaya kar, 171173
gerek, 670673
s geii, 455457
stma, diren stcs, 186
stma, kartrma ile, 184185
inert, 803-804
karmlar. Gaz karmlarna baknz
kartrma, 451453
katlama, 628
kzgn buhar, 115, 132133
kompresr i girii, 364365
mkemmel. Mkemmel gaza baknz
pervane ii, 348
svlatrma, 626628
su buhar. Su buharna baknz.
tek atomlu, 182
Gaz basnc, 147148
Gaz evrimi, 487
Gaz g evrimi, 487550
ara soutmal, ara stmal, rejeneratrl
Brayton evrimi, 515516
Brayton evrimi, 507513
Carnot evrimi, 490492
dizel evrimi, 500503
drt zamanl motor, 494495
Ericcson evrimi, 503507
gaz-trbin evrimi, 513514
gaz-trbin motoru, 521527
gerek-ideal gaz evrim fark, 513514
hava standard kabulleri, 492
iki zamanl motor, 495496
ikinci-yasa zmlemesi, 527530
Otto evrimi, 494499, 529530
pistonlu motorlar, 493494
souk-hava-standard kabulleri, 493
Stirling evrimi, 503507
tepkili evrim, 521525
Gaz karmlar, 681715. Karma baknz
Amagat'n eklenen basnlar yasas, 684
bileim, 682684
Dalton'un eklenen basnlar yasas, 684

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DZN
Gibbs-Dalton yasas, 690
ktle oran, 682
mol ktlesi, 682
mol oran, 682
zellikler, 689697
yaygn zellikler, 689
yein zellikler, 689
Gaz oca, 82
Gaz sabiti, 137, 682, 884
Gaz soutma evrimi, 628631
Gaz trbini evrimi, 513514, 583
Gaz trbini, 543
Gaz-buhar karmlar, 717750.
Karmlara baknz.
adyabatik doyma scakl, 723724
atmosferik hava, 718, 720
bal nem, 719, 720, 725726
iy noktas scakl, 721722
evdeki pencerelerin buulanmas, 722723
iklimlendirme. klimlendirmeye baknz
insan konforu, 727729
kuru hava, 718
kuru termometre scakl, 720
odadaki su buhar miktar, 720721
psikometrik diyagram, 726727
ya-termometre scakl, 724725
Gazn dengesiz genlemesi, 298
Gazn kartrlmas, 451453
Gazlarn katlamas, 628
Gazlarn svlatrlmas, 626628
Geici akl ak sistemler, 246
Geirgenlik, 813
Genel enerji denklemi, 252255
Genel karma hal deiimi, 697699
Genelletirilmi diyagram, 142144
Genelletirilmi entalpi sapma
diyagram, 671, 927
Genelletirilmi entropi sapma
diyagram, 672, 927
Genelletirilmi kuvvet, 69
Genelletirilmi sktrlabilirlik
diyagram, 142- 908
Genelletirilmi yer deitirme, 70
General Electric LM2500 gaz trbini, 509
General Electric LM5000 gaz trbini, 233, 543
General Electric WR-21 gaz trbini, 509
General Electric, 511
General Motors irketi, 507
Genleen ak, 856
Genleme dalgalar, 856857, 859860
Genleme fan, 856
Genleme stroku, 495
Gerek gazlar, 670673
Gerek olmayan diferansiyeller, 63
Gerek snr, 11
Gerek trevler, 63
Geri i oran, 510
Geri kazanlan ekserji, 434
Gibbs bantlar, 657
Gibbs denklemi, 350
Gibbs faz kural, 809
Gibbs fonksiyonu, 657, 775, 795, 797
Gibbs oluum fonksiyonu, 775, 924
Gibbs serbest enerjisi, 697
Gibbs-Dalton yasas, 690
Giga (G), 5
Girdiler, 754
Gizli enerji, 55

Gizli s, 116, 728

Gizli i enerji, 751
gmol, 138
Gorrie, Jhon, 648
Gl ierisine atlan scak ktle, 385386
Grnr gaz sabiti, 682
Grnr mol ktlesi, 682
Gsterge basnc dntrcler, 29
Gsterge basnc, 22, 23
Gram-mol (gmol), 138
Groves, William, 781
Guericke, Otto van, 391
G azaltma faktr, 397
G evrimi, 487, 489
birleik gaz-buhar, 585586
buhar. Buhar g evrimlerine baknz
gaz, 487550. Gaz g evrimlerine baknz
kabuller/basitletirmeler, 489
tanm, 487
T-s diyagram, 490
G stroku, 495
G, 62
Gne (PV) hcreleri, 649
Gne havuzu, 32, 325
Gnlk kalori ihtiyac, 195
Gnlk yaam, Gnlk yaamdaki
aktiviteler baknz
Gnlk yaamdaki aktiviteler.
diyet, 196200, 308
ekserji, 468
egzersiz, 196, 197, 199
entropi, 348350
ekserji yok oluu, 468
gda, 194198
ikinci yasa ile ilgili ynler, 465469
nitelik ve niceliin karlatrlmas,
308309

H
h, 5
hfg, 127
H-bombas, 57
Hacim
bileen, 685
kontrol, 1011
kritik zgl, 119
l, 493
zgl, 13
sanki-indirgenmi zgl, 143
yer deitirme, 493
Hacim stmas, 79, 400
Hacimsel genleme katsays, 665
Hafif dizel, 925
Hal deiimi
adyabatik doyma, 723
adyabatik, 61
ayrma, 798
dzgn ak, 247
s ekme, 490
s verme, 490
izantropik, 343
izobarik, 16
izometrik, 16
izotermal, 16
sanki dengeli, 15
srekli ak. Srekli ak sistemlerine baknz

937

tanm, 15
tersinir karm, 703
tersinir, 296299, 365366
tersinmez, 299
tuzdan arndrma, 704707
zamanla deien ak sistemler, 246252
Hal deiimi diyagramlar, 16
Hal denklemi
Beattie-Bridgeman, 145
Benedict-Webb-Rubin, 145
etki katsayl, 145146
mkemmel-gaz, 137138, 684
Rayleigh ak, 862
tanm, 137
van der Waals, 144145
Hal nermesi, 14, 652
Hal, 14
Halojenletirilmi CFCs, 618
Hareketli snr ii, 166169
Hareketli snr, 11
Hareketsiz sistemler, 54, 72
Hava akmlarnn adyabatik
kartrlmas, 735737
Hava hareketi, 729
Hava kaaklar, 392395
Hava kirlilii, 8687, 91
Hava tat
gaz-trbin motoru, 509521
kinetik enerji, 824
propjet motoru, 526527
ramjet motoru, 527
scramjet motoru, 527
ok dalgalar/ genleme dalgalar, 856
tepkili evrimler, 521525
turbofan motoru, 525526
turboprop motoru, 527
yksek hzl havann skmas, 826827
Hava verimsizlii, 757
Hava- yakt oran (HY), 754
Hava, 112, 718. Gaz- buhar
karmlarna baknz
atmosferik, 718, 720
eksik,757
fazla, 757
gaz sabiti, 884
kritik-nokta zellikleri, 884
kuramsal, 756
kuru, 718
mol ktlesi, 884
mkemmel gaz zgl slar, 885
mkemmel-gaz zellikleri, 910911
stokiyometrik, 756
Hava-kaynakl s pompalar, 290
Hava-standard evrimi, 493
Hava-standard kabulleri, 492
Hava-su-buhar karm, 717
Hava-yakt oran, 754
Hayvansal yalar, 194
HC (hidro karbon), 87, 925
Hekzan, 884, 925
Hekto (h), 5
Helmholtz fonksiyonu, 657
Helyum, 112, 182, 627, 884, 885
Henry sabiti, 811, 812
Henry yasas, 811
Heptan, 925
her santimetre kare iin kilogram
kuvvet (kgf/cm2), 22

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DZN

HHV, 79, 764

Hz sabitleyici, 532
Hidrojen (H2)
ayrma scakl, 798799
gaz sabiti, 884
kritik nokta zellikleri, 884
kritik scaklk, 627
mol ktlesi, 884
mutlak scaklk, 924
mkemmel gaz zellikleri, 920
mkemmel gaz zgl slar, 885
oluum entalpisi, 924
Gibbs oluum fonksiyonu, 924
zellikler, 925
Hidrojen bombas, 57
Hidrojen fzyonu, 57
Hidrojen gaznn nikel bir levhaya
difzyonu, 814
Hidrojen peroksit, 924
Hidrojen yakt hcreleri ile alan tat, 782
Hidrojenin ayrma scakl, 798799
Hidrojen-oksijen yakt hcresi, 781
Hidrokarbon (HK), 87, 925
Hidrokarbon buharlar, 792
Hidrokarbon yaktlar, 752
Hidroksil, 923, 924
Hidrolik trbin jeneratr, 84-85
Hidropnmatak darbeli vakum motoru, 295
Hidrostatik basn, 3233
Hilsch borusu, 646
Hilsch, Rudolph, 646
Hipersonik ak, 829
h-s diyagram, 345
Hugoniot, Pierre Henry, 845
HY, 755

I
Is
ara stma, Ara stmaya baknz
atk, 399400
duyulur, 728
enerji dzensizlii, 348
enerji geii, 6061
gizli, 116, 728
hal deiimi, 578579
i, karlatrma, 63
zgl. zgl sya baknz
tanm, 60
tarihsel geliim, 6162
Is ak, 60
Is ekilen sistemler, 633
Is ekilmesi, 60
Is ekme ilemi, 490
Is deitiricisi, 242
Is deposu, 281
Is geii katsays, 61
Is geii, 9296
ak hz, 865
ekserji geii, 440442
enerji geii, 6061, 73
entropi geii, 378379
entropi retimi, 338339, 388390
frnn stmas, 65
gazn, 455457
nm, 9495
iletim, 9293

insan, 728, 729

kiiden, 9596
Rayleigh ak. Rayleigh akna baknz.
tanm, 9394
tersinmezlik, 298
Is ierii, 127
Is ile ekserji geii (Xs), 440442
Is iletimi, 9293, 447448
Is kayb, 557
Is motoru, 282287, 429, 434, 488
Is oran, 555
Is pompas, 289292, 434, 608, 618620.
Soutma evrimine baknz.
Is verilmesi ilemi, 490
Is verilmesi, 60
Isl denge, 14, 17
Isl enerji deposu, 281
Isl enerji, 56
Isl nm, 94
Isl iletim, 92, 93
Isl kirlilik, 281
Isl verim, 283284. Verime baknz
benzinli motor, 497
Birleik gaz-buhar g santrali, 584, 585
Brayton evrimi, 512, 515
buhar g evrimi, 559560
Carnot evrimi, 491
dizel motor, 501
Ericcson evrimi, 506
GE LM5000 gaz trbini, 543
Otto evrimi, 497
Rankine evrimi, 555
rejenerasyon, 507
Rejenerasyonlu Brayton evrimi, 516
tanm, 488
verimdeki art, 491, 560564
Istma deeri, 79, 764
Istma. Elektrik ile stmaya baknz
basit stma ilemi, 730
frn - s geii, 65
frn - i geii, 6465
frndaki patates, 64
gaz - diren stcs, 186
gaz - kap - kartrma, 184185
gaz - sabit basn, 174176, 187188
jeotermal, 91
konut, 245246, 292-292, 310-311
nemlendirme, 731732
Rayleigh ak, 863
Islak blge, 120
Islak soutma kulesi, 737739
Islak T-shirt, 150
Inm stclar, 729
Inm, 9495
ITS90, 20

enerji
duyulur, 751
gerek gazlar, 571
gizli, 751
hakknda fiziksel gzlemler, 5556
kat, 189
kzgn buhar, 133
kimyasal, 751
mkemmel gazlarn, 182, 183184

zellik bantlar, 661662

scaklk, 666667
sv, 189
tanm, 53
vaan der Waal gaz, 665666
ie borulu s deitiriciler, 242
ten tersinir hal deiimleri, 298299
ten tersinir izotermal hal deiimleri, 345
ten yanmal motorlar, 492
deal ara buhar almal Rankine erimi, 568576
deal ara stmal ara buhar almal Rankine
evrimi, 574576
deal ara stmal Rankine evrimi, 564568
deal bileik s-g(kojenerasyon)
santrali, 579583
deal buhar-sktrmal soutma
evrimi, 610614
deal evrim, 488
deal ift kademeli sktrma, 369, 370
deal mekanik fayda, 26
deal Otto evrimi, 699701
deal Rankine evrimi, 553557
ki fazl sistem, 281
ki kademeli ardk soutma
sistemleri, 620623
ki kademeli sktrmal soutma
sistemleri, 623625
ki zamanl motor, 495496
kili buhar evrimi, 586588
kili jeotermal g santrali, 599, 600
kinci (s), 5
kinci Carnot ilkesi, 302, 303
kinci izantropik bant, 358
kinci trden devir daim makineleri
(DDM2), 293
kinci yasa analizi
adyabatik yanma, 777778
buhar g evrimi, 576578
buhar trbini, 460462
gaz g evrimi, 527530
izotermal yanma, 778780
Otto evrimi, 529530
Rankine evrimi, 577578
tepkimeye giren sistemler, 775780
kinci yasa verimi, 432434
ayrma ve kartrma ilemleri, 703704
gnlk yaam, 465469
insan, 468
mutluluk, 468
mmkn deerler deiimi, 703
srekli ak cihazlar, 459460
tanm, 297
kincil birimler, 9
kincil boyutlar, 3
ki-nokta lei, 18
klimlendirme cihaz, 290
klimlendirme, 536
buharlamal soutma, 734735
duyulur stma, 730
duyulur soutma, 730
hava akmlarnn adyabatik
kartrlmas, 735737
slak soutma kulesi, 737739
ilemleri, listelenmi, 729
ktlenin korunumu, 730
nem alma, 731732
nemlendirme, 731732
sourmal soutma, 633

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DZN
artlandrlm havann d hava ile
kartrlmas, 736737
tat, 535
letim, 9293, 447448
n karedeki pound-kuvvet (lbf/in2), 22
ndirgenmi basn, 141
ndirgenmi scaklk, 141
nert gazlar, denge bileimi, 803804
ngiliz birimi, 4, 5
nsan konforu, 727729
nsan vcut ya, 195
nsan. Gnlk yaamdaki aktivitelere baknz
besin, 194198
birinci yasa verimi, 468
ocuklar, 467
s geii, 9596, 728, 729
ikinci-yasa verimi, 468
kas hcreleri, 194
konfor, 727729
metabolizma, 193
mutluluk, 468
sr alkanlklar, 534536
terleme, 728729
zihinsel uyanklk, 467
nsanlk. nsana baknz
statistiksel termodinamik, 3

ak, 226227, 254

basn kuvvetleri, 253255
bir cismin kaldrlmas, 68, 69
evre, 428
ekserji geii, 442
elektrik polarizasyon, 70
elektrik, 65
enerji geii, 6265, 73
esnek kat ubuklar, 6768
faydal, 428
s, karlatrma, 63
ivme, 68, 69
kayp. Ekserji yok oluuna baknz
kompresr, 366-370
manyetik, 70
mekanik biimler, 6670
mil, 66-67
lm birimi, 7
potansiyel. Ekserjiye baknz
snr, 166-169
sv tabakalarn gerilmesi, 68
tanm, 7
tersinir srekli ak, 362366
tersinir, 428, 459, 702
toplam, 252
yay, 67
akkan, 282
girii
ara soutmal tek kademeli kompresr
fan, 730
gaz, 364365
ideal iki kademeli sktrma, 369, 370
izantropik sktrma, 369, 370
izotermal sktrma, 369, 370
politropik sktrma, 369
sv, 364
tek kademeli kompresr, 517
tersinir ayrma ilemleri, 702
tersinir hal deiimi, 365366
ile ekserji geii (Xi), 442
potansiyeli. Ekserjiye baknz

aret kural, 63
tici g, 150
yi yaltlm bir odada yanan mum, 64
zantropik ak
bir boyutlu, 829836, 930
lleden, 836845
mkemmel gazlar, 834836
zantropik genleme, 679
zantropik hal deiimi, 370
zantropik sktrma, 369, 370
zantropik verim
gerek buhar g evriminin ideal
evrimden fark, 558
gerek gaz evriminin ideal evrimden
fark, 513514
kompresrler ve pompalar, 373375
lle, 375377
trbin, 371372
zentalpik dzenek, 239
zgrafisi, 856
zokorik hal deiimi, 16
zometrik hal deiimi, 16
zopentan, 925
zotermal hal deiimi, 16, 334335
zotermal sktrlabilirlik, 665
zotermal sktrma, 170, 369, 370
zotermal verim, 373

J
Jeneratr verimi, 80, 83
Jeotermal s pompalar, 290
Jeotermal stma, 91
Jet motoru, 521527, 824
"Jhon Gorrie: Pioneer of Cooling and Ice
Making" 648
Joule Thomson katsays, 239, 668, 669
Joule, James P., 62, 180

K
K, 18
k, 5
Kabul, 63
Kabuller
hava-standard, 492
problem-zm teknii, blmde
olduu gibi, 34
souk-hava-standard, 493
Kahve, scak, souk odada, 280
kal, 7
Kalori (kal), 7
Kalori hesab, 196200, 308
Kalori, 195
Kalorik teorisi, 61
Kalorik, 61
Kalorimetre
bombas, 194
buzu, 164
Kan basnc, 43
Kanal ak, 244246
Kapal besleme suyu stclar, 570571
Kapal evrim gaz trbin motoru, 508
Kapal evrim, 487

939

Kapal sistem (ktle ak olmayan)

ekserjisi, 436
Kapal sistem ekserjisi, 436
Kapal sistem, 1011
Kapan, 571
Karbon dioksit (CO2)
oluum entalpisi, 924
Gibbs oluum fonksiyonu, 924
gaz sabiti, 884
kirleticiler, 89
kritik-nokta zellikleri, 884
mol ktlesi, 884
mutlak entropi, 924
mkemmel gaz zellikleri, 916917
mkemmel gaz zgl slar, 885
Karbon monoksit
oluum entalpisi, 924
Gibbs oluum fonksiyonu, 924
gaz sabiti, 884
kirleticiler, 89
kritik-nokta zellikleri, 884
mol ktlesi, 884
mutlak entropi, 924
mkemmel gaz zellikleri, 916917
mkemmel gaz zgl slar, 885
zellikler, 925
Karbon tetraklorid, 884
Karbon, 112, 924, 925
Karbonhidratlar, 194
Karan basnc, 685
Karan hacmi, 685
Karm
akkan akmlarnn karm, 462-463
ayrma ilemi, 701704
denge sabiti, mkemmel gaz
karmlar, 796801
doymu sv - buhar karm, 114, 129132
farkl fazlarn bileimi, 815
faz dengesi - doymu karm, 809
gaz, 681715. Gaz karmlarna baknz
gaz-buhar, 717750. Gaz buhar
karmlarna baknz
genel karm ilemi, 697699
hava akmlarnn adyabatik
karm, 735737
hidrojen buharlar, 792
ideal, 699700
ikinci yasa verimi, 703704
iklimlendirilmi havann d ortam
havas ile karm, 736737
karm entalpisi, 698
karm entropisi, 698, 701
kimyasal potansiyel, 698
tersinir karma ilemi, 703
tuzdan arndrma, 704707
Karm entalpisi, 698
Karm odas, 240241, 386-388
Karlanma, 618
Karma (ikili) evrim, 501
Kar basn, 836844
Karlkl haller ilkesi, 141
Karlkllk bantlar, 656
Kas hcreleri, 194
Kat ubuklar, 68
Kat, 112113
entalpi deiimleri, 189190
entropi deiimleri, 351354
i enerji deiimleri, 189

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DZN

zellik diyagramlar, 121124

zellikler, 889
Kat-hal basn alglayclar, 29
Kavitasyon, 558
Kay kural, 686
Kay, W. B., 686
Kayp i. Ekserji yok oluuna baknz
Kaynak, 281
Kaynama, 151
Kazan basnc, 561564
Kelly, J. W., 295
kelvin (K), 18
Kelvin lei, 18, 19, 304
Kelvin, Lord, 2, 18, 53, 304
Kelvin-Planck ifadesi, 287, 292293
Kendiliinden tutuma, 497
Karm entropisi, 698, 701
kg, 5
kgf, 6
kgf/cm2, 22
kgmol, 138
Kslma ilemleri, 383384
Kslma vanalar, 239
Kslma, 668
Ksmi basn, 685
Ksmi mol zellikleri, 698
Ksmi trev [( dz/dx)], 653, 654
Ksmi trev bantlar, 655656
Kzgn buhar blgesi, 120
Kzgn buhar, 115, 132133
Kzgn su, 894897
Kilo (k), 5
Kilo kalori, 195
Kilogram (kg), 5
Kilogramkuvvet (kgf), 6
Kilogram mol (kgmol), 138
Kilo paskal (kPa), 22
Kimyasal denge kriteri, 794796
Kimyasal denge ve faz dengesi, 793822
belli bir scaklktaki denge bileimi, 801802
bir karmn farkl fazlarnn bileimi, 815
denge sabiti (Kp), 796801, 806807
ezamanl tepkimeler, 804806
faz dengesi, 808815
faz kural, 809
Henry yasas, 811
hidrojen ayrma scakl, 798799
inert gazlar - denge bileimi, 803804
kimyasal denge kriteri, 794796
mol oran, 810813
nikel bir levhaya hidrojen gaznn
difzyonu, 814
Rault yasas, 812
suda znm hava, 814
van't Holf denklemi, 806
yanma ileminin tepkime entalpisi, 807
Kimyasal denge, 14
Kimyasal enerji, 55
Kimyasal i enerji, 751
Kimyasal olarak doru hava miktar, 756
Kimyasal potansiyel, 698, 705
Kimyasal tepkimeler, 751792
adyabatik alev scakl, 770773
birinci yasa analizi, 765770
bombada yanma, 769770
entropi deiimi, 773775
gaz yaktlarnn nemli hava ile
yanmas, 758760

s deeri, 764
ikinci yasa analizi, 775780
kararl akm yanmas, 767769
tepkime entalpisi, 763
ters yanma analizi, 760761
tersinir i - yanma ileminde, 776
yanma entalpisi, 763, 764765
yanma eitliinin denkletirilmesi, 755756
yanma rnlerinin ilenme nokta
scakl, 757758
yanma, 753
Kinetik enerji, 5354, 56, 425
Kinetik teori, 61
Kirchhoff'un nm yasas, 95
Kirlilik, 8691
asit yamuru, 8889
dumanl sis, 8788
hava, 8687, 91
ozon, 8788
sera etkisi, 8991
sl, 281
yenilenebilir enerji, 91
Kii. nsana baknz
kJ/kg. oC, 180
kJ/kmol. K, 180
kJ/s, 62
Klasik termodinamik, 3
Klorin, 884
Kloroflorom, 884
Kloroflorokarbonlar (CFC), 616618
Koenig'in termodinamik karesi, 680
Kompakt florosan lamba, 80
Kompresr ii, 366377
Kompresr, 236
atk s, 399400
basn dzenei, 398399
elektrik kullanm, 392
elektrik maliyeti, 392
girdi iin d kaynakl hava
kullanmak, 397398
hava kaaklar, 392395
izantropik verim, 375377
maliyet azaltlmas, 391400
sktrlm hava, 236237
tam kapasitede daha kk motor, 397
yksek verimli motor, 395397
Kompresre g girdisi, 374375
Kmr, 752
Kontrol hacimlerinin ktle ve enerji
zmlemesi, 219278
ak halindeki akkan, 227228
ak ii, 226227, 254
genel enerji denklemi, 252255
ktle ile aktarlan enerji, 228, 229
ktlenin korunumu ilkesi, 222223
srekli ak cihazlar. Srekli ak
cihazlarna baknz.
srekli ak sistemlerinin enerji
analizi, 230232
srekli olmayan ak sistemlerinin
enerji analizi, 230232
Kontrol hacmi, 1011
Kontrol ktlesi, 10
Korunmayan enerji, 308
Koyu renkli olmayan camlar, 532
Kmr santralleri, 551
Kp, 796801, 806807, 926
kPa, 22

Kripton, 884
Kritik basn zerinde alan Rankine
evrimi, 565
Kritik basn, 119
Kritik nokta zellikleri, 884
Kritik nokta, 119
Kritik oran, 835
Kritik zellikler, 835
Kritik zgl hacim, 119
Kritik scaklk, 119
Kullanlabilirlik, 424, 425. Ekserjiye baknz
Kullanlamayan enerji
Kuramsal hava, 756
Kuramsal yanma, 756
Kurunlu benzin, 497
Kuru hava, 718
Kuru souma, 554
Kuru termometre scakl, 720
Kuruluk derecesi, 129, 307309
Kuvvet birimleri, 6
Kuvvet, 6
Kuvvetli eik oklar, 855
Kuyu, 281
Kkrt dioksit (SO2), 88
Kkrt dioksit, 884
Kresel snma, 89
Kresel iklim deiimi, 89
Ktle ak olmaya sistemin ekserjisi, 436
Ktle ak, 73, 379, 442443
Ktle analizi, 682
Ktle ile ekserji geii (Xktle), 442443
Ktle ile enerji aktarm, 228, 229
Ktle, 7
Ktlenin korunumu, 754
denklemler, 222
herhangi bir hal deiimine urayan
sistem, 24
iklimlendirme, 730
srekli ak hal deiimleri, 223
tek akl srekli ak sistemleri, 230
Ktlenin korunumu ilkesi, 222223, 754
Ktlesel debi, 54, 220223
Ktphane, 349
kW, 62
Kyoto szlemesi, 90

L
Ibf, 6
Ibf/in2, 22
Lapace, Pierre, 845
Lastikler, 532, 533534
Lattice, 93
Laval llesi, 832, 846
Laval, Carl G. B. de, 832
Lavoisier, Antonie, 61
Linde-Hampson sistemi, 627
LM2500 gaz trbini, 509
LM5000 gaz trbini, 233, 543
LNG trbini, 353
LPG, 752, 753
Lle
bahe hortumu, 224225
izantropik ak, 836841
izantropik verim, 375377
Laval, 831, 846
su buharnn ivmesi, 235236

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DZN
subuhar, 869872
Venturi, 831
yaknsak, 836841
yaknsak-raksak. Yaknsak-raksak
llelere baknz
Lledeki su buharnn ivmesi, 235236

M
m, 5
M, 5, 138
Ma, 828-829, 858
Mach as, 856
Mach dalgas, 856
Mach, Ernst, 828
Mach says (Ma), 828829, 858
Magnetohidrodinamik (MHD) jeneratr, 792
Makroskopik enerji, 53
Makroskopik kinetik enerji, 56
Maliyet, azaltma, sktrlm hava, 391400
Mann, William, 391
Manometre, 26-28
Manyetik alan kuvveti, 70
Manyetik iki kutuplu moment, 70
Manyetik i, 70
Maxwell bantlar, 656658
Mayer, J. R., 665
Mega (M), 5
Mekanik denge, 14
Mekanik enerji, 5859
Mekanik enerji, 83
Mekanik verim, 83
Melez g sistemleri (MGS), 782
Mesken
camlarn buulanmas, 722723
elektrik ile stma, 245246
iklimlendirme. klimlendirmeye baknz
nem, 719720, 725-726
su buhar, odadaki hava miktar, 720721
Metabolizma, 193
Metan, 752, 780, 884, 885, 924, 625
Metanol, 752, 753, 925
Metil alkol, 752, 884, 924
Metil klorid, 884
Metre (m), 5
Metrekaredeki Newton (N/m2), 21
Metrik alma Yasas, 5
Metrik Dnm Yasas, 5
Metrik sistem, 56
MGS, 782
MHD jeneratr, 792
Mikron (m), 5
Mikroskopik enerji, 53
Mikroskopik kinetik enerji, 56
Mil ii, 6667
mili (m), 5
Model evrim, 370
Modelleme, 488
Mol (mol), 5
Mol analizi, 682
Mol ktlesi, 682, 884
Mol oran, 682, 810813
mol, 5
Molekl, 2, 112113
Molekler arlk, 138
Molekller aras balar, 112
Mollier diyagram, 345

Mollier, Richard, 127, 345

Motor
benzin, 497, 500
CI, 494
d yanmal, 507
dizel, 500501
drt zamanl, 494495
Ericcson, 503507
gaz, trbin, 507511
s. Is motoruna baknz
iten yanmal, 492
iki zamanl, 495
otomotiv, 489
pistonlu, 493494
ramjet, 527
roket, 842
scramjet, 527
SI, 494
Stirling, 503507
tanmlanm, 487
turbofan, 525526
turbojet, 521525
turboprop, 526
Motor verimi, 83, 396
Motor vuruntusu, 497
Motorlu aralar. Otomobile baknz
Motosikletler, 495
Motorun bota altrlmas, 533, 535
Mpa, 22
Mutlak basn dntrcler, 29
Mutlak basn, 22, 23
Mutlak entropi, 347, 774, 924
Mutlak gaz scaklk lei, 19
Mutlak nem, 719
Mutlak scaklk, 304
Mutluluk, 468
m, 5
Mhendis, 468
Mhendislik denklem zcs (EES), 3638
Mhendislik yazlm paketleri, 3538
Mkemmel zelti, 699701
Mkemmel gaz, 137, 138
bir boyutlu izantropik ak, 930
entalpi deiimleri, 182
entropi deiimi, 354, 361
i enerji deiimleri, 182, 183184
izantropik ak, 834836
izantropik hal deiimi, 358361
izantropik sktrma, 361
izotermal sktrma, 170
Joule-Thomson katsays, 669
normal ok fonksiyonlar, 931
zellikler. Mkemmel gaz
zelliklerine baknz
zgl s bantlar, 182183
zgl s fark, 667
Mkemmel gaz hal denklemi, 138, 684
Mkemmel gaz ifadesi, 137
Mkemmel gaz izantropik bantlar, 358
Mkemmel gaz zellikleri
azot, 912913
hava, 910911
hidrojen, 920
hidroksil, 923
karbon dioksit, 916917
karbon monoksit, 918919
oksijen, 914915
su buhar, 921922

941

tek atomlu oksijen, 923

Mkemmel gaz zgl ss, 181, 664
Mkemmel gaz scaklk lei, 18
Mkemmel gaz soutma evrimi, 630631
Rayleigh ak fonksiyonlar, 932
Mkemmel gazn zgl s fark, 667
Mkemmel hal deiimi, 731
Mkemmel karm, 699701

N
n, 5
N, 6
N.m, 7
N/m2, 21
Nano (n), 5
NECAR IV, 782
Nelson-Obert genelletirilmi sktrlabilirlik
izelgesi, 908
Nem alma, 732734
Nem oran, 719
Nem, 719720, 725-726. Nem alma;
nemlendirmeye baknz
Nemlendirme, 731732
Neon, 182, 884, 885
Net s girii, 174
Net i k, 174
Net ktle debisi, 223
Newcomen, Thomas, 2
newton (N), 6
Newton, Sir Isaac, 5
newton-metre (N.m), 7
Newton'un soutma yasas, 93
Nitrik oksit (N2O), 884
Nokta fonksiyonlar, 63
Normal gerilme, 22, 68
Normal ok dalgalar, 845851, 931
Nkleer enerji, 55, 5657
Nkleer fizyon tepkimesi, 57
Nkleer g, 56
Nkleer santraller, 551

O
O, 87, 88
Odadaki hava ktlesi, 139
OEB, 493
Oksijen (O2), 885
gaz sabiti, 884
kritik nokta zellikleri, 884
molar gaz, 884
mutlak entropi, 924
mkemmel gaz zellikleri, 914
mkemmel gaz zgl slar, 885
oksitleyici olarak, 753
oluum entalpisi, 924
Gibbs oluum fonksiyonu, 924
Oksijenlenmi yakt, 792
Oktan says, 497, 532
Oktan, 752, 885, 924, 925
Okyanus Isl Enerji Dntrc (OIED) g
santrali, 317318
Oluum entalpisi, 763, 924
OP16, 511
Opra optimal Radyal Trbin, 511
Oran

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DZN

birim dnm, 9
bypass, 526
geri i, 510
hava-yakt, 754
kritik, 835
nem, 719
zgl hacim, 359360
zgl s, 183
sktrma, 493, 496
Orbiter uzay arac - Mach 3, 852
Orsat analizi, 685, 757
Orsat gaz analizr, 757
Ortalama efektif basn (OEB), 493
Ortalama hz, 221
Ortalama mol ktlesi, 682
OTEC g santrali, 317318
Otobsler, 752. Otomobile baknz
Otomobil
aerodinamik tasarm, 531, 532
alternatif yaktlar, 573, 752
arabann rampaya kmas, 69
aracn arl, 531
benzin, 497, 532
bota altrma, 533, 535
dizel motor, 531
doal gaz, 752
doldurmak, 532
dz vitesli, 531
dzenli bakmlar, 536537
elektrikli tatlar, 91
emisyonlar, 87,90
garajda park etme, 533
hava kirlilii, 8687, 90
hz sabitleyici, 532
hz, 534
hidrojen yakt hcresi ile alan
otomobil, 782
iki-zamanl motor, 496
iklimlendirme, 536
ivme, 69
izantropik sktrma, 360361
koyu renkli olmayan camlar, 532
lastikler, 532, 533534
mil ile g iletimi, 67
motor, (yanma odasnn kesit
grn verilmi), 489
nkleer yakt, 5758
nden ekili aralar, 532
sr alkanlklar, 534536
tat tekerlerinin paralellik ayar, 534
tatn altrlmas, 533
ya, 536-537
yakt verimi, 530, 537
yksek hzlarda sr, 535
yksek vites, 531
Otto evrimi, 494499, 529530
Otto, Nikolaus A., 494
Ozmotik basn, 705
Ozmotik ykselme, 705
Ozon, 8788

le yemei, 199
retim, 466
lm birimleri, 67
l hacim, 493

l hal, 424
nden ekili, 532
zellik bantlar. Termodinamik zellik
bantlarna baknz
zellik diyagramlar, 118126
entropi, 344346
katlar, 121124
P-T diyagram, 124126
P-V diyagram, 120124
P-V-T yzeyi, 125126
T-V diyagram, 118120, 121124
zellik tablo ve izelgeleri
azot, 912913
besinler, 889
bir boyutlu izantropik ak, 930
denge sabiti, 926
doymu buz - su buhar, 899
doymu soutucu akkan-134a
scaklk tablosu, 902903
doymu su - basn tablosu, 892893
doymu su - scaklk tablosu, 890891
gaz sabiti, 884
genelletirilmi entalpi sapma grafii, 927
genelletirilmi entropi sapma grafii, 927
Gibbs oluum fonksiyonu, 924
hava, 910911
hidrojen, 920
hidrokarbonlar, 925
hidroksil, 923
karbon dioksit, 916917
karbon monoksit, 918919
katlar, 889
kzgn soutucu akkan-134a, 905906
kzgn su, 894897
kritik nokta zellikleri, 884
mol ktlesi, 884
mutlak entropi, 924
mkemmel gaz zgl slar, 885887
Nelson-Obert genelletirilmi
sktrlabilirlik izelgesi, 908
normal ok fonksiyonlar, 931
oksijen, 914915
oluum entalpisi, 924
P-h diyagram- soutucu akkan 134a, 907
Rayleigh ak fonksiyonlar, 932
SI birimleri, 883932
sktrlm sv su, 898
svlar, 888
su buhar, 921922
su iin Mollier diyagram, 901
su iin T-s diyagram, 900
tek atomlu oksijen, 923
yaktlar, 925
yksek seviyelerdeki atmosfer, 909
zellikler
bamsz, 15
buhar tablolar, 135137
diyagramlar. zellik diyagramlarna baknz
doymu sv - buhar karm, 131132
durma, 824827
gaz karmlar, 689697
kritik, 835
mkemmel gaz. Mkemmel gaz
zelliklerine baknz
zgl, 12
polar mol, 698
sembol zerindeki gsterim, 138
sv metan, 352

sistemin, 1213
tablolar. zellik tablolarna ve termodinamik
bant izelgelerine baknz.
Termodinamik zellik bantlarna
baknz
tanm, 12
yaygn, 12, 689
yein, 12, 689
zellik sembol zerindeki izgi (notasyon),
138
zgl arlk, 13, 14
zgl arlk, 7, 14
zgl entalpi, 127
zgl Gibbs fonksiyonu (g), 697
zgl hacim oran, 359360
zgl hacim, 13
zgl s
alminyum, 218
cp, 178180, 664665
cv, 178180, 664665
zellik tablolar, 885887
tanm, 178
zgl s oran, 183
zgl nem, 719, 720, 725726
zgl zellikler, 12
zrl kii, 468
zrl insan, 468

P
p, 5
Pa, 21
Paket buzlama, 118
Paket yazlmlar, 3538
Papin, Denis, 391
Pascal yasas, 25
Pascal, Blaise, 25
Paskal (Pa), 21
Patlama dalgas, 849
Patlama enerjisi, 215, 417
Patm, 30
Pdoy, 115-118
Peltier etkisi, 635
Peltier, Jean Charles Athanase, 635
Pelton trbin, 391
Perkins, Jacob, 612
Pervane mekanizmas, 280
Phillips Aratrma Laboratuarlar, 507
Piezoelektrik basn alglayclar, 29
Piko (p), 5
Piston silindir dzenei, 166
Pistonlu motorlar, 493494
Piirme
ddkl tencere, 250252
frn, Frna baknz.
ocak, 82
verimi, 8081
Piirme verimi, 80-81
Planck nm yasas, 20
Polarizasyon ii, 70
Politropik genleme, 171
Politropik hal deiimi, 171
Politropik sktrma, 369
Pompa - motor, 84
Pompa verimi, 83
Pompa, 236
Potansiyel enerji, 54, 425

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Potansiyel fark, 65
Pound-kuvvet (Ibf), 6
Prandtl-Meyer fonksiyonu, 857
Prandtl-Meyer genleme dalgalar,
856857, 859860
Problem zm teknikleri, 3335
fiziksel yasalar, 34
genel izim, 33
hesaplamalar, 34
kabuller/yaklamlar, 34
zellikler, 34
problem ifadesi, 33
sorgulama, dorulama, irdeleme, 34
Propan, 752, 884, 885, 924, 925
Propilen, 884, 924
Propjet motoru, 526527
Proses ss, 578579
Proteinler, 194
psi, 22
Psia, 22
Psig, 22
Psikometrik izelge, 726727
P-T diyagram, 124126
Pskrtme havuzu, 738
P-V diyagram, 120124
PV gne hcreleri, 109
PV hcre, 649
PV ile altrlan pompa, 649
P-V-T yzeyi, 125-126

R
R, 18
R11, 617, 618, 884
R115, 618
R12, 617, 618, 884
R-134a, 884
R21, 617, 884
R22, 617
R502, 617
Radyal lastikler, 532
Ramjet motoru, 527
Rangue, Georges, 646
Rangue-Hilsch borusu, 646
rankine ( R ), 18
Rankine evrimi, 553557. Buhar g
evrimine baknz
Rankine lei, 18, 19
Rankine, William, 18, 53, 845
Rault yasas, 812
Rayleigh ak, 860869
ak hzna s geiinin etkisi, 865
bouk, 867
borusal yakc, 868869
enerji denklemi, 861
entropi deiimi, 861862
hal denklemi, 862
stma, 863
ktle denklemi, 861
zellik bantlar, 866867
zellik tablolar, 932
Rayleigh izgisi, 862, 864865
soutma, 863
x-moment denklemi, 861
Rayleigh izgisi, 846, 862, 864865
Rayleigh, Lord, 845, 861
Referans deerleri, 135

Referans hali, 135

Rejeneratr, 275, 515, 568
Rejeneratrl Brayton evrimi, 515516
Rejeneratrl Brayton evrimi, 515516
Rejeneratrl gaz akkanl soutma
evrimi, 630
Rejeneratrl gaz evrimi, 630
Rejeneratrl gaz-trbin motoru, 515
Rejeneratrl Rankine evrimi, 568576
Rekperatr, 515
Reynolds aktarm teoremi, 253, 254
RFG, 88
RIIbeta, 197
Riemann, G. G. Bernhard, 845
Rix, Edward, 391
Rochas, Beau de, 494
Roket motoru, 842
Roket, 527
Ru, 137, 138
Rumford, Count, 62
Rzgr enerjisi, 59, 105
Rzgr soutma faktr, 729
Rzgr trbini, 426427
Rzgr trbinleri, 105106

S
s, 5
S. Entropiye baknz
Sabit alanl bir kanalda s geii/ ihmal
edilebilir srtnme. Rayleigh akna
baknz.
Sabit basnta gazn elektrik ile stlmas,
174176
Sabit nokta, 197
Sabit snr, 11
Sabit-basn zgl ss (cp), 178180, 664665
Sabit-hacim gaz termometresi, 18
Sabit-hacim zgl ss (cv), 178180, 664665
Saf madde
entropi deiimi, 339343
faz deiimi ilemleri, 113126
fazlar, 112113
gaz. Gazlara baknz
kat. Katya baknz.
sv. Svlara baknz
tanm, 112
Salnm halindeki bir bilye iin enerjinin
korunumu, 7778
Sallanan psikometre, 725
Sanal snr, 11
Sanki dengeli hal deiimleri, 15, 166
Sanki dengeli i etkileimleri, 362
Sanki dengeli olmayan hal deiimi, 15, 16
Sanki indirgenmi zgl hacim, 143
Sanki statik hal deiimleri, 16, 166
Santigrat lei, 18
Savery, Thomas, 2
Scramjet motoru, 527
Seebeck etkisi, 634
Seebeck, Thomas, 634
Sera etkisi, 8991
Sera gazlar, 90
Serbest (doal) tanm, 93
Ses alt hzndaki aknt ynndeki ak, 855
Ses alt hzndaki ak, 829
Ses hz, 827828

943

Ses st hzndaki aknt ynndeki ak, 855

Ses st hzndaki ak, 829
Seyreltilmi gaz ak teorisi, 13
Seyreltilmi sv zeltileri, 701
SI motorlar, 494
SI, 45, 883892. zellik tablolar ve
izelgelerine baknz
Scak gaz balonu, 161162
Scak yeralt suyu kullanan jeotermal g
santrali, 603
Scaklk lekleri, 1720
Scaklk, 17
adyabatik alev, 770773
adyabatik youma, 723724
ateleme, 754
i noktas, 629
denge sabiti (kp), 806807
dinamik, 825
doymu buhar - silindir, 128
durma, 825
ev. Gaz buhar karmlarna baknz
indirgenmi, 141
kritik, 119
kuru termometre, 720
mutlak, 304
Rankine evrimi, 561, 562564
sanki kritik, 686
srekli fonksiyon olarak, 810
termodinamik scaklk lei, 303305
tokatlama, 192
l nokta, 123
ya termometre, 726727
youma, 115118
Scaklk-entropi diyagramlar, 344
Sfr basn zgl ss, 181, 664
Skabilen ak, 856
Sktrlabilir ak, 823881
ak hznn ak alan ile deiimi, 832834
durma zellikleri, 824827
Fanno erisi, 846, 849850
geri basn, 836844
kritik scaklk/basn - gaz ak
llelerde izantropik ak, 836845
Mach says (Ma), 828829, 858
zellik bantlar - mkemmel gazn
izantropik ak, 834836
Prandtl-Meyer genleme dalgalar,
856857, 859860
Rayleigh ak, 860869. Rayleigh
akna baknz.
Rayleigh erisi, 846
ses hz, 827828
su buhar llesi, 869872
ok dalgalar. ok dalgalarna baknz
tek-boyutlu izantropik ak, 829836
yaknsak lle, 836841
yaknsak-raksak boru- gaz ak, 829830
yaknsak-raksak lle. Yaknsak-raksak
llelere baknz
Sktrlabilirlik izelgesi, 908
Sktrlabilirlik katsays (Z), 139141, 686
Sktrlm doal gaz (CNG), 752, 753
Sktrlm hava depolama sistemi, 463465
Sktrlm havann maliyetinin azaltlmas,
391400
Sktrlm sv blgesi, 120
Sktrlm sv su, 898
Sktrlm sv, 114, 133134

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Sktrma oran, 493, 496

Sktrma stroku, 495
Sktrma-atelemeli (CI) motorlar, 494
Snfn aydnlatma maliyeti, 7677
Snr ii, 166169
Snr, 10, 11
Sv, 113
doymu, 114, 127129
entalpi deiimleri, 189190
i enerji deiimleri, 189
kompresr i girii, 364
zellikler, 888
seyreltilmi sv zeltileri, 701
sktrlm, 114, 133134
Sv azot, 117
Sv hidrokarbon yaktlar, 752
Sv propan, 163
Sv-buhar doyma erisi, 116
Svlatrlm doal gaz (LNG) trbini, 353
Svlatrlm petrol gazlar (LPG), 752, 753
Silikon germanyum malzemelerine dayanan
termoelektrik g reticileri, 635
Sistem
ak, 1011
basit sktrlabilir, 15
entropi deiimi, 378
hareketsiz, 54
s alnan, 633
kapal, 10, 11
zellikler, 1213
tanm, 10
yaltlm, 10
Sv metan, 351-353
Siyah cisim nm, 94
Siyah cisim, 94
SO2, 88
Sodyum doldurulmu yksek younluklu
lambalar, 80
Souk hava standard kabulleri, 493
Sourma, 94
Sourmal soutma sistemi, 631634
Sourmal su soutucular, 633
Soutma
basit soutma ilemi, 730
buharlamal soutma, 734735
demir kle-su,191
demir kle-tersinmezlik, 429431
g santrali-soutma kulesi, 738739
slak soutma kulesi, 737739
kuru, 554
kutu iecek-termoelektrik soutucu, 636
mkemmel olmayan gaz karm, 694697
nem almal, 732734
Rayleigh ak, 863
scak akkan-tank, 7475
soutucu akkan-134a - su, 242244
Soutma
Brayton evrimi, 515517
Ericcson evrimi, 504
Rankine evrimi, 568576
Stirling evrimi, 504
verim, 507
Soutma evrimi, 607649.
Soutuculara baknz
ardk soutma sistemleri, 620623
ok kademeli sktrma yaplan soutma
sistemleri, 623625
gaz soutma evrimi, 628631

gazlarn svlatrlmas, 626628

gerek buhar sktrma, 610616
s pompas sistemleri, 618620
ideal buhar sktrma, 610614
sourmal soutma sistemi, 631634
soutucu akkan, 616618
tek kompresrl ok amal soutma
sistemleri, 625626
termoelektrik soutma, 634636
ters Carnot evrimi, 609610
yeniliki buhar sktrma, 620626
Soutma sistemi ile alan kurutucular, 399
Soutma, 118
Soutucu akkan, 287, 616618
Soutucu akkan-134a
doymu-basn tablosu, 904
doymu-scaklk tablosu, 902903
kzgn, 905906
P-h diyagram, 907
soutucuda genleme, 239240
su ile soutulmas, 242244
Soutucu, 311315. Soutma evrimine baknz
ama, 608
atlan s, 291
Carnot, 309310, 609
COP, 288289, 608
ekserji, 434
k anahtarnn bozuk olmas, 314315
iyi kullanm ltleri, 313314
nasl alr, 287288
sra d dnce, 310
soutma kapasitesi, 608
soutucu akkan-134a nn
genlemesi, 239340
tanm, 608
termoelektrik, 634636
Soutucu-dondurucu nitesi, 626
Soutulmu sv, 114
Sonik ak, 829
Sonik hz, 827
Sosyal bilimciler, 468
Standart atmosfer (atm), 22, 30
Standart atmosferik basn (Patm), 30
Standart referans hali, 762
Standart-hal Gibbs fonksiyon deiimi, 797
Statik entalpi, 824
Stefan Boltzmann sabiti, 94
Stefan Boltzmann yasas, 94
Stevin, Simon, 25
Stirling evrimi, 503507
Stokiyemetrik hava, 756
Stokiyemetrik yanma, 756
Strok, 493
Su
bahe hortumunun fskiyesi, 224225
buhar. Su buharna baknz
znm hava, 814
demir klenin soutulmas, 191
dengesiz genleme, 176178
deniz suyundan tatl su elde
edilmesi, 705-707
doymu buz - su buhar, 899
doymu, 890893
du, 241
gaz sabiti, 884
gaz. Su buharna baknz
kzgn, 894897
kritik zellikler, 884

mol ktlesi, 884

Mollier diyagram, 901
mutlak entropi, 924
oluum entalpisi, 924
oluum Gibbs fonksiyonu, 924
scak demir ktlenin braklmas, 453455
sktrlm sv, 898
soutucu akkan R134a nn
soutulmas, 242244
tankn boaltlmas, 225226
T-s diyagram
Su buhar
doygun, 870
genleme, 448451
kzgn, yksek scaklklara, 561
kullanm, 551
zellikler, 885
trbin, 237238, 460-462
Su buhar
mutlak entropi, 924
mkemmel gaz olarak, 139
mkemmel gaz zellikleri, 921922
odadaki hava miktar, 720721
oluum entalpisi, 924
Gibbs oluum fonksiyonu, 924
Su buhar g santrali, 282, 551
Su buhar tablolar, 135137
Su ceketi, 391
Su hortumu, 391
Su stcs, verim, 79
Sublimasyon, 124, 813
Suda znm hava, 814
Su-lityum bromid sourmal soutma
sistemi, 631
Su-lityum klorid sourmal soutma
sistemi, 631
Su-soutmal buhar youturucusu, 605
Suyun dengesiz genlemesi, 176178
Srekli ak enerji denklemi, 554
Srekli ak Ericsson motoru, 505
Srekli ak hal deiim/sistem
ekserji dengesi, 458459
enerji analizi, 230232
ktle dengesi, 223224
tanm, 16
Srekli akl sistemler, 233246
boru ve kanal ak, 244246
entropi, 382
s deitiriciler, 242
ikinci yasa verimi, 459460
izantropik verimler, 370377
karma odas, 240241
kslma vanalar, 239
kompresr, 236237. Kompresrlere baknz
lle, 233236. Lleye baknz
trbin, 233, 236238. Trbine baknz
yayc, 233235
Srekli ortam, 1213
Srtnme, 297
Sr alkanlklar, 534536
Swamp soutucular, 151

ok as, 852
ok dalgalar
eik oklar, 852856, 858-859

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normal oklar, 845851, 931
tekrar sktrlm, 856
yaknsak-raksak lle, 850851

T
T, 5
Tdoy, 115118
T- eit termokupl, 635
T ds bantlar, 350351
Tam yanma, 756
Tamamlanmam proteinler, 15
Tamamlanmam yanma, 756
Tank
bir gazn stlmas - kartrlmas, 184185
doymu sv basnc, 128
entropi deiimi, 341
hidrokarbon buharnn yanabilir
karmlar, 792
mkemmel gaz karmlar, 691692
sabit hacimli, doldurulmas, buhar, 248250
scak akkann soutulmas, 7475
sktrlm havann i potansiyeli, 438439
su boaltlmas, 225226
Tanan enerji, 227
Tanm s geii katsays, 9394
Tanm ocaklar, 81
Tanm, 9394
Tat tekerlerinin paralellik ayar, 534
Tat, Otomobile baknz
Taylor, G. I., 845
Tehlikeli atklarn yok edilmesi, 792
Tek akm, adyabatik, srekli ak cihaz, 382
Tek atomlu gazlar, 182
Tek atomlu oksijen, 923
Tek boyutlu izantropik ak, 829836, 930
Tek kademeli ara buhar almal evrim, 568
Tek kompresrl ok amal soutma
sistemleri, 625626
Tekrar formlze edilmi benzin (RFG), 88
Temiz Hava Hareketi, 87
Tepki verimi, 522
Tepki, 521
Tepkili evrim, 521525
Tepkime entalpisi, 763, 807
Tepkime sistemleri, 751. Kimyasal tepkimelere
baknz.
Tepkimesiz gaz karm, 681. Gaz
karmlarna baknz
Tepkimesiz sistemler, 751
Tera (T), 5
Terleme, 728729
Termodinamiin birinci yasas. Birinci yasa
analizine baknz
deneyler, 175, 176, 218
enerjinin korunumu ilkesi, 7172
kant, 174
kapal sistemler,174
yasa ifadesi, 70
Termodinamiin ikinci yasas, kinci yasa
analizine ve ikinci yasa verimine
baknz
Clausius ifadesi, 292293
Kelvin-Planck ifadesi, 287, 292293
kullanm, 280281
yasa ifadeleri, 280
Termodinamiin sfrnc yasas, 17

Termodinamiin nc yasas, 347, 774

Termodinamik
birinci yasa. Termodinamiin birinci
yasasna baknz
ikinci yasa. Termodinamiin ikinci
yasasna baknz
istatistiksel, 3
klasik, 3
sfrnc yasa, 17
tanm, 297
nc yasa, 347
Termodinamik evrim, 487
Termodinamik olaslk, 347
Termodinamik zellik bantlar, 651680
Clapeyron denklemi, 658661
Clapeyron-Clausius denklemi, 660
cp, 664-665
cv, 664-665
evrim bants, 656
diferansiyelleri, 652656
entalpi deiimleri, 662663,
670671, 673-674
entropi deiimleri, 663, 671674
gerek gazlar, 670673
Gibbs bantlar, 657
i enerji deiimleri, 661662, 665667, 671
Joule-Thomson katsays, 668669
karlkllk bants, 656
ksmi trev bantlar, 655656
Maxwell bantlar, 656658
Mayer bants, 665
mkemmel gazn izantropik ak, 834836
Rayleigh ak, 866867
yksek basnlardaki oksijen, 673674
Termodinamik scaklk lei, 18, 303305
Termoelektrik cihaz, 634
Termoelektrik devre, 634
Termoelektrik g retici, 635
Termoelektrik soutucu, 634636
Termokupl, 635
Termo-mekanik ekserji, 435
Ters yanma analizi, 760761
Tersine Brayton evrimi, 628
Tersine Carnot evrimi, 301, 609610
Tersine Stirling evrimi, 628
Tersinir adyabatik ak, 860
Tersinir adyabatik genleme, 300
Tersinir adyabatik hal deiimi, 343
Tersinir adyabatik sktrma, 301
Tersinir evrim, 300
Tersinir hal deiimleri, 296299, 702
Tersinir i - yanma ilemleri, 776
Tersinir i (Wter), 428, 459, 702
Tersinir izotermal genleme, 300
Tersinir izotermal sktrma, 300
Tersinir karma ilemleri, 703
Tersinir srekli ak ii, 362366
Tersinir trbin, 366
Tersinmez hal deiimleri, 296297. Ekserji
yok oluuna baknz
akkan srtnmesi, 557
buhar g evrimi, 559560
demir klenin soutulmas, 429431
s motoru, 429
s kayb, 557
tanm, 428
q-b-Ma bants, 854
Tetraetil kurun, 497

945

Tetrafloroetan (R-134a), 884

Thompson, Benjamin (Count Rumford), 62
Thomson, William (Lord Kelvin),
2, 18, 53, 304
Titreim kinetik enerjisi, 55
Tokatlama, 192
Toluen, 925
Toplam enerji, 53
Toplam entalpi, 824
Toplam s, 127
Toplam i, 252
Toplam scaklk, 825
Toplam tersinir hal deiimi, 299
Toplam trev (dz), 653, 654
Toplam verim, 80
Torr, 30
Torricelli, Evangelista, 29
Transonik ak, 829
Trikloroflorometan (R11), 884
T-S diyagram, 344
T-s diyagram, 345, 490
Turbofan motoru, 525526
Turbojet motoru, 521525
Turboprop motoru, 526
Tutuma scakl, 754
Tuz meyilli gne havuzu, 32
Tuzdan arndrma ilemleri, 704707
Trbin verimi, 83
Trbin, 236
g retimi, 237238
izantropik verim, 371372
LM5000, 233
LNG, 353
tersinir, 366
vana yerletirilmesi, 353354
Trbin-jeneratr, 84
Tretilmi boyutlar, 3
Trev, 652
Trevler, 652656
T-V diyagram, 118120, 121124
Twining, Alexander, 612

U
U. enerjiye baknz
Uucu organik bileenler (VOCs), 87
Uluslar aras sistem, 4
Uranyum fizyonu, 57
USCS (United States Customary System), 4
USCS, 4

l izgi, 123
l nokta basnc, 123
l nokta scakl, 123
l nokta, 19
nc izantropik bant, 358
niversal gaz sabiti, 137, 138
N, 493
rnler, 754
st evrim, 587
st l nokta (N), 493

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V
Vakum basnc, 22, 23
Vakumlu donma, 118
Vakumlu soutma, 117118
van der Waals hal denklemi, 144145
van der Waals, Johannes Diderik, 144
van't Hoff denklemi, 806
Venturi llesi, 831
Verim
AFUE, 79
aydnlatma sistemleri, 80
Carnot, 305
g retici, 80
ikinci yasa. kinci yasa verimine baknz
izantropik, 370377
izotermal, 373
kompresr g girii, 374375
mekanik, 83
motor, 83
piirme cihazlar, 8081
pompa, 83
su stcs, 79
tepki, 522
sl, 283284. Isl verime baknz
termoelektrik g reticiler, 635
trbin, 83
yanma, 79
Vcut ss, 60
Vcut ktle dizini (BMI), 198

W
Wevre, 428
Wf, 428
Wters 428, 459, 702
Wilson erisi, 870
WR-21 gas trbini 509

X
Xenon, 884
Xs, 440442
Xi, 442
Xktle, 442443

Y
Ya, 530
Yalar, 194
Yasz cipsler, 190200
Yakn evre, 424, 425
Yaknsak lle, 836841
Yaknsak-raksak kanal, 829830
Yaknsak-raksak lle, 831, 841845
geri basn, 842844
hava ak, 844845
su buhar ak, 870872

ok dalgas, 850851
Yakt hcresi, 780782
Yakt stma deeri, 79
Yakt verimi, 530537
Yakt, 752, 925
Yaltlm sistem, 10, 443, 444
Yanma entalpisi, 763, 764765
Yanma verimi, 79
Yanma, 753. Kimyasal tepkimelere baknz
Yapay soutma havuzu, 738
Yar kararl hal, 164
Ya termometre scakl, 724725
Yay dalga, 854,855
Yay ii, 67
Yaygn zellikler, 12, 689
Yayc, 233235
Yaycdan geen havann hznn azalmas,
234235
Yayma oran, 94, 95
7FA gaz trbini, 543
Yein zellikler, 12, 689
Yenilenebilir enerji, 91
Yeniliki buhar sktrmal soutma sistemleri,
620628
Yerekimi kuvveti, 7
Yer deitirme enerjisi, 55
Yer deitirme hacmi, 493
Yer-seviyesi ozonu (O3), 87, 88
Yeil enerji, 91
Yllk yakt kullanm verimi (AFUE), 79
Younluk deiimleri. Sktrlabilir aka
baknz
Younluk, 13
Youma basnc (Pyo), 115118
Youma erisi, 726
Youma scakl (Tyo), 115118
Youturucu basnc, 560561
Youturucu, 554
Yol, 15
Yola baml fonksiyonlar, 63
Young, Thomas, 53
Yk kprl basn dntrcler, 29
Yksek basnlardaki oksijen, 673674
Yksek hz, 535
Yksek stma deeri (HHV), 79, 764
Yksek seviyedeki atmosfer, 909
Yksek verim motoru, 8586, 395, 397
Yksek vitesli, 531
Yzde eksik hava, 757
Yzde fazla hava, 757
Yzde kuramsal hava, 757
Yzde yz kuramsal hava, 756
Yzey gerilme ii, 68
Yzey gerilmesi, 68

Z
Z, 139141, 686
Zamanla deien ak sistemler, 246252

Zayf eik ok, 854

Zeuner, Gustav, 231
Zihinsel ekserji, 466
Zihinsel uyanklk, 467
Zorlanm tanm, 93

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11/6/08

10:12

Page 2

Semboller
a
a
A
A
c
c
cp
cv
COP
COPIP
COPSM
d, D
e
E
EER
F
YH
g
g
G
h
h
H

hy
h f
hR
HHV
HY
i
I
I
k
ks
kt
Kp
ke
KE
LHV
m
m
M
Ma

vme, m/s2
zgl Helmholtz fonksiyonu, u
Ts, kJ/kg
Alan, m2
Helmholtz fonksiyonu, U
TS, kJ
Ses hz, m/s
zgl s, kJ/kg K
Sabit basnta zgl s, kJ/kg K
Sabit hacimde zgl s, kJ/kg K
Etkinlik katsays
Is pompasnn etkinlik katsays
Soutma makinesinin etkinlik katsays
ap, m
zgl toplam enerji, kJ/kg
Toplam enerji, kJ
Enerji etkinlik oran
Kuvvet, N
Yakt-hava oran
Yerekimi ivmesi, m/s2
zgl Gibbs fonksiyonu, h
Ts, kJ/kg
Toplam Gibbs fonksiyonu, H
TS, kJ
Tanmla s geii katsays,
W/m2 C
zgl entalpi, u  Pv, kJ/kg
Toplam entalpi, U  PV, kJ
Yanma entalpisi, kJ/kmol yakt
Oluum (formasyon) entalpisi, kJ/kmol
Reaksiyon entalpisi, kJ/kmol
st sl deer, kJ/kg yakt
Hava-yakt oran
zgl tersinmezlik, kj/kg
Elektrik akm, A
Toplam tersinmezlik, kJ
zgl slarn oran, cp /cv
Yay sabiti
Is iletim katsays
Denge sabiti
zgl kinetik enerji, V 2/2, kJ/kg
Toplam kinetik enerji, mV 2/2, kJ
Alt sl deer, kJ/kg yakt
Ktle, kg
Ktle debisi, kg/s
Mol ktlesi, kg/kmol
Mach says

mf
n
N
OEP
P
Pcr
Pi
Pm
Pr
PR
Pv
P0
pe
PE
q
Q

Q
QH
QL
r
R
rc
rp
Ru
s
S
sretim
Sretim
SG
t
T
T
Tcr
Tkt
Tn
Ta
TH
TL
TR
Tyt
T0
u
U

Ktle oran
Politropik s
Mol says
Ortalama efektif basn, kPa
Basn, kPa
Kritik basn, kPa
Ksmi basn, kPa
Karm basnc, kPa
Bal basn, kPa
ndirgenmi basn, kPa
Buhar basnc, kPa
evre basnc, kPa
zgl potansiyel enerji, gz, kJ/kg
Toplam potansiyel enerji, mgz, kJ
Birim ktle iin s geii, kJ/kg
Toplam s geii, kJ
Birim zamanda s geii, kW
Yksek scaklktaki cisimden s geii, kJ
Dk scaklktaki cisimden s geii, kJ
Sktrma oran
Gaz sabiti, kJ/kg K
Kesme oran
Basn oran
niversal gaz sabiti, kJ/kmol K
zgl entropi, kJ/kg K
Toplam entropi, kJ/K
zgl entropi retimi, kJ/kg K
Toplam entropi retimi, kJ/K
zgl arlk yada bal younluk
Zaman, s
Scaklk, C or K
Tork, N m
Kritik scaklk, K
Kuru termometre scakl, C
i noktas scakl, C
Akkan scakl, C
Yksek scaklktaki cismin scakl, K
Dk scaklktaki cismin scakl, K
ndirgenmi scaklk
Ya termometre scakl, C
evre scakl, C or K
zgl i enerji, kJ/kg
Toplam i enerji, kJ

son

11/6/08

v
vcr
vr
vR
V.
V
V
V
Vort
w
W

W
Wg
W
Wter
x
x
X
xyok
Xyok

X yok
y
z
Z
Zh
Zs

10:12

Page 3

zgl hacim, m3/kg

Kritik zgl hacim, m3/kg
Bal zgl hacim
Sanki indirgenmi zgl hacim
Toplam hacim, m3
Hacimsel debi, m3/s
Volt, V
Hz, m/s
Ortalama hz
Birim ktle iin i, kJ/kg
Toplam i, kJ
G, kW
Giren veya sistem zerinde yaplan i, kJ
kan veya sistem tarafndan yaplan i, kJ
Tersinir i, kJ
Kuruluk derecesi
zgl ekserji, kJ/kg
Toplam ekserji, kJ
zgl ekserji yok oluu, kJ/kg
Toplam ekserji yok oluu, kJ
Birim zamanda toplam ekserji yok oluu, kW
Mol oran
Ykseklik, m
Sktrlabilirlik arpan
Entalpi sapma arpan
Entropi sapma arpan

Yunan Harfleri

Yutma oran, abzorvite

zotermal sktrlabilirlik, 1/kPa

Hacimsel genileyebilirlik, 1/K

Miktarda sonlu deiim

Yayma oran
th
Isl verim
II
kinci yasa verimi

Akkann toplam enerjisi, kJ/kg
JT
Joule-Thomson katsays, K/kPA

Kimyasal potansiyel, kJ/kg

Stokiometrik katsay

Younluk, kg/m3

StefanBoltzmann sabiti
n
Normal gerilme, N/m2
y
Yzey gerilmesi, N/m

Bal nem





zgl kapal sistem ekserjisi, kJ/kg

Toplam kapal sistem ekserjisi, kJ
Ak ekserjisi, kJ/kg
zgl veya mutlak nem, kg H2O/kg kuru hava

Alt ndisler
a
Hava
mut
Mutlak
ger
Gerek
atm
Atmosferik
ort
Ortalama
c
Kesit alan
cr
Kritik nokta

k koullarnda
f
Doymu sv
fg
zelliin doymu sv ile doymu buhar
arasndaki fark
g
Doymu buhar
g
Giri artlarnda
re
retim
H
Yksek scaklk
KH
Kontrol hacmi
i
i karan
L
Dk scaklk
m
Karm
r
Bal
R
ndirgenmi
ter
Tersinir
s
zantropik
doy
Doymu
o
evre hali
sis
Sistem
v
Su buhar
y
Yanma
0
l nokta
1
Balang ve giri hali
2
Son hali veya giri hali
st ndisler
(st nokta) Birim zamanda
_
(st izgi) Birim mol iin
(ember) Standart referans hali
* (asterisk) 1 atm basn