jwever, was almost unchanged, Van Helmont conchuded that | evof the mass the plant gained had come from water, because | St was the only thing that he had addod to the po. | ‘Van Helmont’s experiment accounts for the “hydrate,” or ston portion ofthe carbohydrate produced by photosynthesis, stahere does the carbon of the "carbo" portion come from? {hough van Helmont did not realize it, carbon dioxide in the made a major contribution to the mass of his tre. The ‘pon in earbon dioxide is used to make sugars and other ‘Spohydcates in photosynthesis, Van Helmont had only part of pstory, but he had made a major contribution to science. rlestley’s Experiment More than 100 years after van_ tlmont’s experiment, the English minister Joseph Priestley {Hermed an experiment that would give another insight into ‘process of photosynthesis, Priestley took a candle, placed a ass jar over it, and watched as the flame gradually died out. smething inthe air, Priestley reasoned, was necessary to keep {endle flame burning When that substance was used up, the hile went out. That eubstance was oxygen. Priestley then found that fhe placed a live sprig of mint | sder the jar and allowed a few days to pass, the candle could ‘lighted and would remain lighted for a while. The mitt tnthad produced the substance required for burning. In other srs it released oxygen EEO What cid Priestley discover about photosynthesis? | Julius Robert Mayer Mayer propoees that plants caning ne Republic at Tena termed Martin Kamen ster Trane aaben (peered) one set eco amen Sn otopes ts the ble cstemine tat the one of Samant he say ol SOE ener eked The Presentation Assistant Plus contains the Prentice Hall Presentation Pro and the Transparencies, which provide easy-to-follow Visual support for every step of this section. Ifyou have a computer presentation station, use Prontice Hal Presentation Pro for Section 8-2, or se the transparencies listed here. Section 8-2: oe Samuel Ruben berated in potosythess cores rom wste Word ins Word Origins Photosynthesis comes from the Creok words photo, meaning “ight” and synthesis meaning ‘putting together” Therefore, photosynthesis means “using ight te put something together, spectieally, carbohydrates, Chemo means “having to do with chern- calor chemical reactions.” What do you think chemosynthess Chemosynthesis means “using chemi ‘al reactions to put something together, Invite student volunteers to read aloud to the class the annotations ‘on the time line. Encourage stu | dents to add to the time line by ‘suggesting historical events that took place near in time to one of the discoveries mentioned. For ‘each contribution to the under. standing of photosynthesis | mentioned in the time line, hak | Jenge students to suggest how that discovery might have provid. | ed the bass for the next. Us te inter library eon eet experiments conaarnatt on of ets onde Encourage students to look for rte cera Ten” BE | espns tes experrents Sets eperhent ay in books about photosynthesis, IOhE appear in. t the history of biology, and HOY of the time. cue eee on hei Cie your college-level textbooks, 25 well as at Internet sites that speciatze in biology. Provide several examples (of news articles about medical and other scientific breakthroughs from a large daily newspap« Build Science Skills Designing an Experiment Divide the class into small groups and chal lenge them to design an experiment similar to the experiment that Joseph Priestley did in the 1700s. They should keep this concept in mind: plant photosynthesis produces oxy {gen that animals need to breathe, while animal and plant respiration produces carbon dioxide that plants reed in photosynthesis. Ask students to list the materials they would need and write a step-by-step procedure Melvin Calvin ‘Cain trices the chemical path tat etn Flows to {oem core. These bg Indopandent reactions sre $s know 3 the Cahn syle Rudolph Marcus Marcus he Neb Pe ‘chery for deterbng the proces by hich ec ons are wandered om cone male to snothern she eearon rasp cha Interest Grabber Section Outline Photosynthesis: Reactants and Products Figure 8-5 Answer to. Priestley discovered that “plant releases a substance that keeps ‘candle burning. This substance, oxy: gen, is released during photosynthess. Photosynthesis 205