8-3 (continued) Light-Dependent Reactions Make Connections Physics Ask students: Does light radiate in waves or particles? {Some students may say waves, others particles.) Explain that light has both the properties of waves and the properties of a stream of particles. A particle of light is called a photon, {nd some photons have more ener~ dy than others. The amount of y in a photon depends on the ‘wavelength; the shorter the wave- length, the more energy a photon hhas. Explain that when a photon of a certain amount of energy—a certain wavelength—strikes a molecule of chlorophyll, the energy of that pho: ton is transferred to an electron in that chlorophyll molecule. Demonstration “To reinforce the concept that the light-dependent reactions produce ‘oxygen as a product, pick a green leaf from a live plant and submerge it ina bowl of water. Have students observe the leaf, Wait about 30 min tutes, and have students again ‘observe the leaf. They should see that bubbles have formed on the Underside of the leaf. Explain that the process of phatosynthesis contin- ued after the leaf was picked. Ask What gas is released by plants dur- ing the process of photosynthesis? (Oxygen gas) In what form does the oxygen originally enter the plant cells? (Oxygen enters plant cells as part of water molecules.) 210 Chapter 8 Light-Dependent Reactions As you might expect from their name, the light-dependent JeEtions require ight ‘Tha is why plants like the one in Figure 8-9 need light to grow. The light-dependent reactions Figs trom light to produce ATP and NADPH. CS> The ligh cupendent reactions produce oxygen gas and convert Sip and NADH into the energy carriers ATP and NADPH, Look at Figure 8-10 to see what happens at each step ofthe process. IBV Photosynthesis begins when pigments in photosystem It raccrh Light The first photosystem in the light-dependent rea. Spears ced photosystom I because it was discovered ater ‘pomeytemn I Bneray from the ight is absorbed by electrons, aocming their energy level, Theso high-energy electrons are paved onto tho eloctron transport chain ‘As ight continues to shine, des the chlorophyll runout echt No, ie does not The thylakoid membrane contain elon that provides new electrons to chlorophyll to replace cree Tnns lost These new electrons come from water mal (71,0) Enzymes onthe inner surface ofthe thylakoid spembrane break up each water mclocule into 2 ele rons, 2 Hr ions, and 1 oxygen atom, The 2eletrong veplace the high-energy electrons that chlorophyll Tost to the electron transport chain. The oxygen is eventually released into the air as oxygen gas (0).The 2H” fons re {eleagod inside the Uhylakoid membrane. BB High-energy electrons move through the electron transpar chain from photosystem II to photosystem I. Energy from the “lectrons is sued by the molecules in the electron transport c {fo transport HT ions from the stroma into the inner thylakeid Pigments in photosystem T use energy from light to reenal sire the electrons. NADP* then picks up these high-energy Electrons at the outer surface ofthe thylakoid membrane, pi {2H ion, and becomes NADPH. 7 BD As a result ofthe H*ions releaced during water-spliting and electron transport, the inside of the thslakcid membrane becomes positively charged and the outside becomes negative ‘Charged The difference in charges across the membrane rw the energy to make ATP, Gi ions cannot cross the membrane directly. However, rembrane contains a protein called ATP synthase (SIN-thal ‘A Figure 8-9 Lie a pants That allows H" ions to passthrough it As H” ions pass throug fis seading needs ight to go this protein, the protein rotates ike a tarbine being spun by Applying Concepts Whatstage | water in a hydroelectric power plant. As it rotates, ATP Stl of photoset requires Bg Tinds ADP and a phosphate group together to produce ATP. esc 889 v1.0 1 the cles ofthe wo photosystem? When | introduce photosynthess to students, |__ tons. Tring their attention to an istration iat present information about the physical prop- chloroplast structure can help renew intrest etes of ight, especially how light can be the biochemistry. Using paper chromatography rh ok a ether waves or photons. This infor- 0 identi the diferent pigments in plants 28° Raton both sparks the interest of students and helps students understand photosynthess Tbs them understand how the iht- dependent Tie Weeds tesctons work. Then Lrpeve en to the biochem Boaay Teacher Shy of photosynthesis. Students often get bored Soren High Sc que with te specs ofthe chemical reac soem it