MEMORANDUM ASSIGNMENT/OPDRAG 3 INGM212 STAINLESS STEELS AND CAST IRONS /ROESVRYE STALE EN GIETYSTERS Question 1 Occasionally, when an austenitic

stainless steel is welded, the weld deposit may be slightly magnetic. Based on the Fe-Cr-Ni-C phase diagram (Attached), what phase would you expect is causing the magnetic behaviour ? What could you do to restore the nonmagnetic behaviour ?
Answer:(5) i. ii. iii. Magnetic behaviour is caused by the formation of a BCC iron phase in this case high temperature -ferrite. (2) Cooling to rapid for -ferrite to transform to austenite and is trapped in the microstructure.(2) Annealing at an elevated temperature can transform this phase to austenite, and the steel would no longer be magnetic.(2)

Question 2
You would like to produce a gray cast iron casting that freezes with no primary austenite or graphite. If the carbon content in the iron is 3.5% what percentage of silicon must you add ? Answer:(5) You get neither (1) primary phase when the carbon equivalent (CE) is 4.3% (or that of the eutectic) (1). Thus: CE=%C + (1/3)%Si, which is 4.3=3.5+(1/3)%Si and (1) Si=2.4% (2)

Question 3
We would like to produce a 5cm-thick steel wear plate for a rock-crushing unit at a mine. To avoid frequent replacement of the wear plate, the hardness should exceed HRC 38 within 0,625 cm of the steel surface. The center of the plate should have a hardness of no more than HRC 32 to ensure some toughness. You have only a water quench available to you. Design the plate, assuming that we only have the steels given in the Figure attached. Answer:(5) (See attached Diagram) i. The following steels will do: SAE 1050, 4320, 1080. (all these should be given as an answer).(3) However, steel SAE 4320 may be too expensive due to alloying elements. The cheaper steels would be SAE 1050 and even SAE 1080 (slightly more expensive than SAE1050). SAE 1080 may be a better choice because of the higher C content and therefore the higher potential carbide content that will be providing more wear resistance. Only field tests can resolve this issue because of other tribology considerations. (2)

ii.

Total

(15)