AVR

"tiny"
ATtiny13, 15L, 2313,
25, 26, 28L, 45, 85
Atmega48, 8, 88, 8515,
"mega"
8535, 16, 162, 165,
168, 32, 325, 3250, 64,
645, 6450, 128
"LCD"
Atmega169, 329, 3290,
649, 6490

1-8 , 64-512
, DIP8-TQFP32
4-128 , 256-4096
, DIP28-TQFP64
16-64 , 1024-4096
, TQFP64-TQFP100

.1

SCK
Serial ClocK
MOSI
Master Out Slave In
MISO
Master In Slave Out
GND
GrouND
RES
RESet
VCC
Voltage Common Collector

2000 . 0,5
0,35 . tiny
mega. ,
, , ,
, .

.
2004 . , -,
LCD AVR. 2004 .
classic EOL
(End-Of-Life), .. 2005 . .
(.1), !
AVR
: tiny - 8 , classic - 40-44
, mega - 64 . , . DIP-,
, : 8, 20, 28, 40 .
. AVR-
FLASH- . , ATtiny15L (1
), ATtiny26 (2 ), AT90S4414 (4 ), ATmega8515 (8 ), ATmega162
(16 ), ATmega32 (32 ), ATmega 6450 (64 ), ATmega128 (128 ).
AVR
AVR- ISP (In-System Programming). ,

.
, .. ISP, (.1).
, ,
. , AT89C2051, .
6 (.2): , . SPI (Serial Programming Interface).
, : MISO , O (output). MOSI
( ).
, , , -

(). , .
, - . , MCS-51 ( 3-12/2004),
. - , , .
, 10
MCS-51. AVR
Atmel.
AVR? : , , . AVR
. , , 8- AT89C2051 Atmel.
AVR,
- . , 2030 . , .
, , , , , .
. MCS-51 AVR, , .
AVR
Atmel 1984 .
(, ). 90- MCS-51. Intel,
Philips, Temic, OKI, Siemens, Atmel ,
. -
- .
MCS-51 . , () , PIC-
Microchip Technologies, H8/300 Hitachi Dallas Semiconductor.
1996 ., 8- AVR.
AVR . 1995 . Atmel . . Atmel IAR Systems.
- Alf Bogen / Vergard Wollan / Risc architecture.
AVR: RISC-, FLASH- , , ,
. , , , . - - AVR- .
AVR
AVR 4 : classic, tiny, mega,
LCD. 1997 . Atmel
classic- AT90Sxxxx. 1999 . : classic (AT90S), tiny (ATtiny), mega
(ATmega). .

, ,
.

.. , .

AVR. 1

."0"
2,75,5
12005

35

36

MISO, MOSI SCK (.3).

MCS-51. AVR, SPI , DIP-40 .
1, XS1 (.1) 10-, -10 IDC-10F. , . .4
. Altera
ByteBlaster. STK200 (STK300)
Atmel AVR910 [1].
: AVR-
10- ISP, , .
- ByteBlaster ,
. . , (.2,, ). STK200 - . AVR910 (, IDC6 !). , 10- : ,
.

.
AVR910. ,
,
.

, [1].
AT90S1200, - , .
, , ,
. .
, ,
.
:
, ;
, (COM LPT);
.
, AVR, . , AVreal (http://www.ln.com.ua/~real/avreal), IC-Prog
(http://www.ic-prog.com), PonyProg (http://www.lancos.com), Willem
Eprom (http://www.willem.org). AVR-. ,
. -, , , :
?.
PonyProg ( Claudio Lanconelli,
). -, PonyProg -
. -,
9, 11/2004, mk9.zip, http://www.rapublish.sea.com.ua.
. LPT- , COM-, . .
COM- 58 , LPT - 1,52 . , LPT
. ,
AVR USB ( 50-100 .),
.
. , -
. - . ,
, - .

PonyProg http://www.lancos.com/siprogsch.html LPT- COM 12005

DIP-8
DIP-20
DIP-28
DIP-40 (1)
DIP-40 (2)

SPI
VCC
8
20
7
40
10

GND
4
10
8
20
11

RES
1
1
1
9
9

SCK
7
19
19
8
8

MOSI
5
17
17
6
6

IDC-10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Byte
Blaster
SCK
GND
MISO
VCC
RES
NC
NC
NC
MOSI
GND

.2

.3

.4

STK
200
MOSI
VCC
NC
GND
RES
GND
SCK
GND
MISO
GND

AVR
910
MISO
VCC
SCK
MOSI
RES
GND
NC
NC
NC
NC

MISO
6
18
18
7
7

.6

.5

. , . ,
.
.4 LPT-,
. : 5 1, R5, 19 DD1. .0 .1 PonyProg.
.0 4 XP1, HL1.
DD1, , , - . R1-R5, R8-R10 , .
R6 .1
DD1 LPT-.
SPI .
DD1 (VCC=5 ) . 1 .
10, 20 DD1.

. Kanda Systems STK200, STK300,
.
Kanda STK200/300.
.5 COM-.
: R1, R3-R5 ,
VD2-VD4 (4,7 ), R2 VT1 . VD1 ,
COM-. , BC547 (Philips),
VT1.

, , PonyProg.
COM- (.6) DD1,
SA1. :
DD1 ,
COM- 10 +10 . -

. , , .
LPT- (.3)
R1-R4,
. 2, 12 3, 11 XP1
.

37

.7
12005

XTAL1, XTAL2 .
COM- , .5. HL1 . HL2 5 , DA1. 1-3, 68 . VD1 . 1 , , , 1015 100 .
ISP, (XS8). - ISP . / , MISO, MOSI, SCK
.

, .
, AVR ( ).

SPI. , (.3-7),
AVR.
, , AVR. ChaN (http://elmchan.org/works/avrx/report_e.html, ) 20- (.8) 8- (.9) .

R1-R3
DD1.
5 (VCC) . 1 . R5-R9
. HL1
, . , DD1 . , .
. , ,
http://iron.fire.usi.ru, http://evm.wallst.ru/main/prog, http://www.ln.com.ua
/~real/avreal/adapters.html#STK.

AVR DIP-8, DIP-20, DIP28, DIP-40 (.7). MISO, MOSI, SCK,
RES, VCC, GND . , , XS2-XS7.
20- 40- DIP-20(1),
DIP-20(2), DIP-40(1), DIP-40(2), DATASHEET Atmel http://www.atmel.com.
ZQ1 4, 5 . , RC-, .
- ZQ1

38

.8
12005

DOS (http://elmchan.org/works/avrx/avrxtool.zip, 69 ) Win-9x/XP (http://elmchan.org/works/avrx/avrxtool32.zip, 91 ).
DIP-28, DIP-40 20- .

,
12 . , . , RESET . . ISP ,
RESET . .
, ,
, . , PonyProg , .
, - ,
, .

, 2030 10- ISP 1,52- . ,
-0,1. .
LPT- COM. , .
9- 25- COM-, , .5, 6, , : 3-2,
4-20, 5-7, 6-6, 7-4, 8-5 (DB9-DB25).
, , , - . HC,
74HC245 5556 (.4). VCC 2 XS1.
- 3 , LPT-

5 .
15336, 15546

GND .

(.7), , XS2XS6 ,
.
(.8) DC.10
DC U3 NMJ2352D
12 , 50 . , - 3. L1, D1, U3, 2, R1-R3
. 74HC299 - 155424. RN1202, RN2202, RN2205 3102, 3107, .
.8, 9.
IDC-10F - , . , . ,
.
10- 6, -6, -6. , , .
: (.10). , , .
. AVR- ,
.3-6, ,
PonyProg. .

1. AVR910: In-System Programming. - Atmel, 2000, http://sinbad.narod.ru/isp.htm ( ).

12005

.9

39

2,
.

2. 2
IAR Systems. ,
902
AVR.
ICCAVR Code2
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,
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.
Atmel AVR 2
: STK2100, STK2200, STK2300, STK2500,
AVR Embedded Internet, AVR Butterfly. 2
STK2500 (.1). 2
,

AVR. $802100.

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22005

36

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7 : Avr Insight,
Avr2libs, GNU manuals, MFile, Programmers Notepad, Readme,
TkInfo. 2
.
WinAVR.
2
. , 2
, 2
2
. 2
. , 2
2
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: Pro2
grammers Notepad (PN), Simon Steele, 2
2.
2
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http://www.pnotepad.org. 2
, WinAVR ,
.
, WinAVR 2
2
2
.
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2
2. C:\WinAVR\examples\demo\
demo.c. 2
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freeware), 2
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(Joerg Wunsch), 2
2

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demo.c, , 2
, .

, . , 2
,
OC1 (OC1A) GND. 2
, , 2
,
2 2
.
, OC1 (OC1A),
, . 22
,
AT90S2313, 2333, 4414, 4433, 8515, 8535, ATmega8,
64,128,163.
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make2. 2
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C:\WinAVR\examples\demo\ 2
makefile 1770 . 2
2
, :
MCU_TARGET = at90s2313, 2
demo.c
AT90S2313.

DATASHEET http://www.atmel.com/dyn/resources/prod_doc2

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WinAVR 2

http://winavr.sourceforge.net/download/install_config_WinAVR.
pdf, 297 , Colin OFlynn. 2
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forge.net/projects/winavr 2
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2
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autoexec.bat Win9x 2
, Windows29x/2000/XP 2

37

uments/DOC0839.PDF, 1,6 . 2
(.3) ,
OC1 PB3 15 .
DATASHEET 2
MISO, MOSI, SCK, RES,
.
(.4).
ZQ1
2, 3. 1
2
VCC, GND. DD1
202 . ZQ1 35 .
XP1 ,
. 2
AVR910 STK200 (. 2
1). 1022
IDC210F. 2
, VCC 2
XP1.

, 2
2
.
1. PN:
WinAVR Programmers Notepad. 2
New, . 2
2: File Open <
C:\WinAVR\examples\demo\demo.c> . 2
: Tools
make all, Process
Exit Code: 0 (.5). 2
10 , hex2 demo.hex
.
2. PonyProg
2.06: PonyProg PonyProg2000 (2
, 2
1).

.4

38

.3
22005

.5

.6

.10

2
: Setup Calibration Yes OK. 2
. 2
: Device AVRmicro AT90S2313. 2
: Command Program
Options < Reload
Files, Erase, Write Program memory (FLASH)> OK.
3.
LPT2 COM2 ,
1 (.4). DD1 2
5 .
4. PonyProg : Setup
Interface Setup, LPT2 2
Parallel, LPT1 LPT2, Avr ISP API
(.6). COM2
Serial, COM1 COM2, SI ProgAPI (.7).
COM2 74HC125 (2
1, .5) Invert
Reset. 2
Probe,
Test OK () Test Filed ( 2
). 2
.
5. PonyProg 1
hex2: File Open Program (FLASH) File <
*.hex> <
C:\WinAVR\examples\demo\demo.hex> .
<Ctrl> <P>. 10 2
: Programming
Sucsessfull ( ).
,
2
HL1 2
1 . 2
XP1 .

, 2
8
HL1. ,
PonyProg PN,
.
PN demo.c 2

90: TCCR1B = _BV (CS10); 2

: TCCR1B = _BV (CS11);. 2
2: Tools make all, 2
Process Exit Code: 0. 2
PonyProg,
<Ctrl> <P> 10 HL1 2
.
, !
AVR2 2
1000 10000 .
:
AT90S2313 ATmega8.
OC1A DATASHEET
http://www.atmel.com/dyn/resources/prod_documents/doc248
6.pdf, 2,4 . (.8).
DD1 282 ,
.4.
R1 HL1,
ATmega8 , AT90S2313.
make2, 2
PN : File Open <
C:\WinAVR\examples\demo\makefile> . 2
MCU_TARGET =
at90s2313 MCU_TARGET = atmega8 (.9). 2
: Tools make all, 2
Process Exit Code: 0.
PonyProg, : Device
AVRmicro ATmega8. 2
( AT90S2313): Command Security
and Configuration Bits Clear all Write (.10). 2
PonyProg , 2
5 , <Ctrl> <P>.
30
HL1. .
2
, 2
. , make2,
2 PonyProg ,
22
.
.
.
demo.c, 2
PonyProg .

1. .. ...//. 2
. 2002. 8. .912.
22005

.8

.9

.7

39

.1

ATmega8515, 8535, 162.

. 6
.
. , 6
ATtiny2313, AT90S2313,
. , 6
ATmega8. (28 6
), ($363,5), ATmega128 6
JTAG.
AVR
6
: , 6
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6. 6
,
DATASHEET ("data" , "sheet" ).
(summary) (complete) "", 6
. , ATmega8 summary6
http://www.atmel.com/dyn/resources/prod_documents/2486S.pdf 6
199 21 , complete6
http://www.atmel.com/dyn/resources/prod_documents/doc2486.pdf
2,4 305 .
AVR ,
DATASHEET.
, Atmel 6
AVR. " ",
.
ATmega8 (.1): VCC, AVCC , GND
, PB06PB7 B, PC06PC6 C, PD06PD7
D, AREF
1,3 .
, .
, AT89C2051, , 6
. 6
.

: ATmega8616
ATmega8L68. 4,55,5
016 , 2,75,5 08 .
, ATmega8 3 .
, 6
. 6
, 6
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.
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5 . ,
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48 35 .

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. 

.
AVR 866
RISC6.
, MIPS (Millions
of Instructions Per Second).
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.
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.
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ATtiny13, 24 . ,
24 MIPS.
AT89C2051 MCS651, 12 . ,
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AT76C713 48 MIPS.

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, 6
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6 AVR
AT90S2313. , 206
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( RESET). "classic"
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, 6
0,5 0,35 . : 20016
2002 . . ,
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10000. , 6
.
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http://www.atmel.com 6
"Replacing by" "Migrating between",
.
6
ATmega128, 6
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TQFP6 6
.
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6

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(8), (20628) 6
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ATtiny15L, 6
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Dictum factum
(.)

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AVR. 3

35
32005

36

) . 6
DIP6,
PI ( 640+85C), PU ( ,
, ), PC (0+70C).
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"" AVCC, GND ( 22).
(.2), ."1" "0", 6
. ,
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0,7 .
1, 2 , , 106
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ATmega8515, . ,
ATmega8.
66 , 6
LC6 AVCC.
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.
6
LC6 (.3).

.
, AVR " " 6
( 6 ). , 6
GND, VCC,
200 . 6
78L05 5,6 .

6
. ATmega8 6
(.4):
6
1,42,3 ;

Brown6Out;
."0" 1 /RESET;
Watchdog
.

, (. "6
2"). Power6On. 6
6
,
6
().
AVR Atmel
RESET "66
" (4,7 0,01 1N4148) 6
[1, 2]. 6
4,8 ,
R1, VD2 (.5).
AVR 6
(brown6out) (black6out) .
6
BOD (Brown6Out Detector).
VCC 6
: 2,7 4 . 0,1 ,
"" 6
.
6 ,
: BODEN (BOD ENable)
BODLEVEL (.2).
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.
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6
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(3 ).

(.6). : 6
" ", 6
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, DA1
. 6
R, . VDo . 6
RES .
32005

.3

.2

.4

.5

.6

6
, , 4,2 , 6
4 . "1"
BODEN.
,
AT89C2051, "watchdog". WDTON (Watch Dog
Timer ON) (.. WDTON=0, .3), 6
, .
"", 17 2,2
.
"watchdog" ,
? , G1
(.4), "watchdog", . 6
(WDTON=1) , ,
, . , 50 6
3 Watchdog.
, , 6
RESET 1,5 ."0". 6
SB1 RC66
(.7). 1 6
ISP, SB1 6
.
. ATmega8
, (
515 2025 ).
.
, , SB1, C1 6
. ,
, , . 6
6
, 6
.

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AVR
, MCS651.
, ,
"" 6
.

ATmega8 .8. XTAL1, XTAL2 ( 6
XT1, XT2) 5 6
, 1,
. : CKSEL (ClocK
SELect), CKOPT (ClocK OPTion) SUT (Start6Up Time).
(. fuse ""), 6
.
DATASHEET 6
, .
,
, ,
65 (SUT0, SUT1), .4. 6
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, 6
. 1
.8 , .
"time6out" 4 ,
, . 6
6
.
ATmega8 :
0,916 ;
0,40,9 6
;
32768 ;
RC6 1; 2; 4; 8 ;
RC6 0,412 ;
016 .
, 6
.
.
, 6
RC6 (.9). .5 6
, , 6
1 . , 6
ATmega8 6. XT1,
XT2 6 PB6, PB7,
. 6
,
XT1, XT2
ZQ1 (
TOSC1, TOSC2, .10).
, 6
RC6 (.11).
R1

.11

, . S1 6
CKOPT. (CKOPT=0), 6
1 ,
=36 . 6
F[]=1000 / (3*R[]*C[]).
, F=0,46 R1=33 , 1=22 . ,
6
.
6
(.12) (.13).
,
.
CKOPT, 6
. ( "0"), 6
XT2 "rail6to6rail", .. 0 VCC, 6
F DD1. CKOPT=1, 6
. 6
6, 6
.

,
32768 (.14). 6
ATmega8 80 !
CKOPT
. ZQ1 6
XT1, XT2.
30300 ,
32768 , .
6
, (.15), 6
. R1 , DD1
6. ."1" 6
, XT1 ( ) 6
0,8*VCC.
,
"" ,
XT1, XT2 6
. ,
1, 2 (.13) XT1, XT2,
8 6
. , ZQ1
GND,
.
6
DIP6, 6
32005

.9

37

38

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, .
,
,
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, 6
6
6 6
. 6
AVR
MCS651. ,
:
P0, P1, P2, P3 MCS651 PA, PB, PC, PD
AVR. ,
ATmega128 PE, PF,
PG, ATtiny 6
PB.

MCS651 6 AVR. .16,
17 6
AVR
PB1. 6

PC6 ( VDo ).
6
ATmega8 6
: PORTn,
DDRn, PINn, n=B, C, D (.6).
S1, 6
R .
MO6, 6
. MCS651 R ,
.
U1 U2.

.

.12

.14

.13

.15
.16

PINB1. MCS651 6
, , "" , .
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1. AVR042: AVR Hardware Design Considerations

http://www.atmel.com/dyn/resources/prod_documents/doc2521.pdf.
2. AVR180: http://sin6
bad.narod.ru/avr/BrownOut.htm (.).
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.20

.19

39

6/2004.

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42005

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42005

37

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.7

1. The Blackwell Guide to Philosophy of Computing and Information. Edited

by Luciano Floridi, August 2003, 392 pages, http://www.blackwellpub0
lishing.com/pci/downloads/Glossary.pdf.

39
42005

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37

.6

38

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50. , 5
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