Definite Integration

Definite integration
5 55 5
DEFINITE INTEGRATION DEFINITE INTEGRATION DEFINITE INTEGRATION DEFINITE INTEGRATION

GROUP-(A): CLASS WORK PROBLEMS
Q-1) ( )
3
3 2
1
4 3 2 5 x x x dx + +

Ans.
Let I =
( )
3
3 2
1
4 3 2 5 x x x dx + +

I
3
4 3 2
1
4 3 2 5
4 3 2
x x x
x
(
= + +
(
(

I
3
4 3 2
1
5 x x x x
(
= + +

( ) ( )
4 3 2 3 2
3 3 3 15 1 1 1 5 = + + + +
( ) ( ) 81 27 9 15 1 1 1 5 = + + + +
72 =

Q-2)
1
0
3 1
dx
x x + +

Ans.
Let I =
1
0
3 1
dx
x x + +

1
0
1 3 1
3 1 3 1
x x
dx
x x x x
+ + +
=
+ + + + +

( ) ( )
1
0
3 1
3 1
x x
dx
x x
+ + +
=
+ +

1
0
3 1
2
x x
dx
+ + +
=

( ) ( )
1 1
1
2 2
0
1
3 1
2
x x dx
| |
= + + +
|
\

( ) ( )
1
3 3
2 2
0
3 1
1
3 3
2
2 2
x x
(
( + +
= +
(
(

( ) ( )
1
3 3
2 2
0
1 1
3 1
3
2
2
x x
(
= + + +
(

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
3 3
2 2
3 3
2 2
1 3 1 1
1
3
0 3 0 1
(
+ + +
(

=
`
(

+ + +
(

)

3 3 3 3
2 2 2 2
1
4 2 3 1
3

= +
`

)

{ }
1
8 2 2 3 3 1
3
= +

( )
1
7 2 2 3 3
3
= +

Q-3)
( ) ( )
3
2
3 2
x dx
x x + +

Ans.
Let I =
( ) ( )
3
2
3 2
x dx
x x + +

Let
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 3 2 3 2
A B x
x x x x
+ =
+ + + +

( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 3
3 2 3 2
A x B x
x
x x x x
+ + +
=
+ + + +

( ) ( ) 2 3 A x B x x + + + =
put 3 x = then,
( ) 3 2 3 A + =
3 A =
A = 3
Put 2 x = then,
( ) 2 3 2 B = + =
Mahesh Tutorials Science

Definite Integration
174
( ) 1 2 B =
2 B =

3
2
3 2
I
3 2
dx
x x
| |
=
|
+ +
\

( )
3
2
3log 3 2log 2 x x = + +

3log 3 3 2log 3 2
3log 2 3 2log 2 2
( = + +

( + +

3log6 2log5 3log5 2log 4 = +
3log6 5log5 2log 4 = +

Q-4)
5
2
0
2 10
dx
x x + +

Ans.
Let I =
5
2
0
2 10
dx
x x + +

I
( )
5
2
2
0
1 3
dx
x
=
+ +

I
5
1
0
1 1
tan
3 3
x
( + | |
=
| (
\

I =
5
1
0
1 1
tan
3 3
x
( + | |
| (
\

I
1 1
1 1
tan 2 tan
3 3

(
=
(

I
1
1 2 1/3
tan
3 1 2 1/3
(
| |
=
( |
+
\

I
1
1 5/3
tan
3 5/3
| |
=
|
\

I
/2
6
/2
sin x dx

I
1
3 4 12

= =

Q-5)
( ) ( )
b
a
dx
x a b x

Ans.
Let I =
( ) ( )
b
a
dx
x a b x

Let
2
x a t =
2 dx t dt =

2
x a t =

Put x a = then
2
a a t = , 0 t =
Put x = b then
2
b a t = ,
t b a =

( )
2 2
0
2
I
b a
t dt
t b a t

{ }
2
x a t = +

( ) ( )
2
0
2
b a
t dt
t b a t

( )
( )
0 2
2
2
b a
dt
b a t

1
0
2 sin
b a
t
b a
( | |
=
( |
\

1 1
0
2 sin sin
b a
b a b a

(
=
(

( )
1
2 sin 1 0
(
=

2
2
=
=


175
Q-6)
1
3 2
0
3 4 1 x x
dx
x
+

Ans. Let
( ) ( ) I 4 2sin cos 2cos sin
dt
x x x x
dx
= = +

6sin cos 3sin 2 x x x = =
3 2
1
1
0
2
3 4 1 x x
dx
x
+
=

I
( )
1
5/2 3/2 1/2
0
3 4 x x x dx
= +

I
1
7/2 5/2 1/2
0
3 4
7/2 5/2 1/2
x x x
( | | | |
= + ( | |
| |
(
\ \

I
1
7/2 5/2 1/2
0
6 8
2
7 5
x x x
(
= +
(

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
7/2 5/2 1/2 6 8
I 1 1 2 1 0 0 0
7 5
(
= + +
(

6 8 30 56 70 44
2
7 5 35 35
+
= + = =

Q-7)
/4
0
1 sin
dx
x

Ans. Let I =
/4
0
1 sin
dx
x

I
/4
0
1 sin
1 sin 1 sin
dx x
x x

=
+

/4
/4
2 2
0
0
1 sin 1 sin
1 sin cos
x x
dx dx
x x

= =

/4
2 2
0
1 sin
cos cos
x
dx
x x
| |
=
|
\

( )
/4
2
0
sec sec .tan x x x dx

( )
4
0
tan sec x x

=

( ) tan sec tan0 sec0
4 4
| |
=
|
\

( )
( ) 1 2 0 1 =
1 2 1 2 2 = + =
Q-8)
/2
2
0
sin2
4 sin
x
dx
x

Ans. Let I =
/2
2
0
sin2
4 sin
x
dx
x

Since
( )
2
4 sin 0 2sin cos sin2
d
x x x x
dx
= =

I
/4
0
sin2
4 sin
x
dx
x

I
( )
/2
2
0
log 4 sin x

(
=

I
( )
2 2
log 4 sin log 4 sin 0
2
( | |
=
| (
\

I ( ) ( ) log 4 1 log 4 0 ( =

I ( ) ( ) log 4 log 3 =
I
4
log
3
| |
=
|
\

Q-9)
/2
2 2
0
sin2
2 2sin cos
x
dx
x x
+ +

Ans. Let I =
/2
2 2
0
sin2
2 2sin cos
x
dx
x x
+ +

Since
2 2
2 2sin cos
d
x x
dx
(
+ +

= 4 sin x cos x 2 cos x sin
x
= 2 sin x cos x
= sin 2x
I
( )
2 2
/2
2 2
0
2 2sin cos
2 2sin cos
d
x x
dx
dx
x x
+ +
=
+ +

I
( )
/2
2 2
0
log 2 2sin cos x x

(
= + +

I ( ) ( )
2 2
log 2 2sin /2 cos /2
(
= + +

2 2
log 2 2sin 0 cos 0
(
+ +


176
I [ ] [ ] log 2 2 0 log 2 0 1 = + + + +
I ( ) ( ) log 4 log 3 =
I
4
log
3
| |
=
|
\

Q-10)
3
4
sec
sin
x
dx
x

Ans.
Let I =
3
4
sec
sin
x
dx
x

I
3
4
1
2
2sin cos
dx
x x

I
3
4
1
2
sin2
dx
x

I
3
4
2 cos 2 ec xdx

I
( )
3
4
2
tan log
2

=
x

I
(
\
|
\
|
=
4
tan log
3
tan log
I ( ) 3 log 1 log 3 log = =

Q-11)
( )
2 2
2
0
sin
1 cos
x
x

Ans.
Let I =
( )
2 2
2
0
sin
1 cos
x
x

( )
2
/2
2
0
1 cos
1 cos
x
dx
x

=
+

( ) ( )
( )
/2
2
0
1 cos 1 cos
1 cos
x x
dx
x
+
=
+

/2
0
1 cos
1 cos
x
dx
x

=
+

2
/2
2
0
2sin /2
2cos /2
x
dx
x

/2
2
0
tan /2 x dx

( )
/2
2
0
sec /2 1 x dx

/2 /2
2
0 0
sec /2 1. x dx dx

=

[ ]
( )
/2
/2
0
0
tan /2
1
2
x
x
=
2 tan tan0 0
4 2
( (
=
( (

[ ]
2 1 0
2
(
=
(

2
2
=

4
2

=

Q-12)
If
( )
4
2
1
3 5 92 x bx dx + + =
find b
Ans.
Let I=
( )
4
2
1
3 5 92 x bx dx + + =

4
3 2
1
3
5 92
3 2
x bx
x
(
+ + =
(
(

4
2
3
1
5 92
2
bx
x x
(
+ + =
(
(

( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
2 2
3
3
4 1
4 5 4 1 5 1
2 2
92
b b
( (
( ( + + + +
( (

=

[ ] 64 8 20 1 5 92
2
b
b
(
+ + + + =
(


177
84 8 6 92
2
b
b + =
8 14
2
b
b =
16 28 b b =
15 28 b =

28
15
b =

Q-13) If ( )
2
f x a bx cx = + +
Show that
( ) ( ) ( )
1
0
1 1
0 4 1
6 2
f x dx f f f
(
| |
= + +
| (
\

Ans. ( )
( )
1 1
2
0 0
f x dx a bx cx dx = + +

1
2 3
0
2 3
x x
ax b c
(
= + +
(
(

0
2 3
b c
a
| |
= + +
|
\

2 3
b c
a = + + .(i)
( ) ( ) ( ) 0 0 0 f a b c a = + + =
1
2 2 4
b c
f a
| |
= + +
|
\

( ) 1 f a b c = + +
( ) ( )
1 1
0 4 1
6 2
f f f
(
| |
+ +
| (
\

( )
1
4
6 2 4
b c
a a a b c
(
| |
= + + + + + +
| (
\

[ ]
1
4 2
6
a a b c a b c = + + + + + +
[ ]
1
6 3 2
6
a b c = + +
2 3
b c
a = + + .. (ii)
From (i) and (ii)
( ) ( ) ( )
1
0
1 1
0 4 1
6 2
f x dx f f f
( | |
= + +
| (
\

GROUP-(B): CLASS WORK PROBLEMS
Q-1)
/2
2
0
cos
1 sin
x
dx
x

Ans. Let I =
/2
2
0
cos
1 sin
x
dx
x

Put sin x = t cosx dx = dt
When x = 0, t = 0 and
2
x

= , t =1
I
1
2
0
1
dt
t
=
+

I
1
1
0
tan t
(
=

( )
1 1
tan 1 tan 0

=
0
4 4

= =

Q-2)
0
a
a x
dx
x

Ans. Let I =
0
a
a x
dx
x

Put x = a sin
2

dx = 2a sin cos d
When x = 0, = 0, x = a, = /2
I
2
/2
2
0
sin
sin
a a
a
. 2a sin cos d
I
/2
0
cos
.2 sin cos
sin
a d

2
2
0
2cos a d

I ( )
/2
0
1 cos2 a d
= +

I
/2
0
sin2
2
a

(
= +
(

I
sin sin0
0
2 2 2
a
(
| | | |
= + +
| | (
\ \

I
2 2
a
a
| |
= =
|
\


178
Q-3) ( )
1
5
3 2 2
0
1 x x dx

Ans.
Let I =
( )
1
5
3 2 2
0
1 x x dx

Put
2
1 x t =
2 2
1 x t =
2 2 x dx t dt =
x dx t dt =
When x = 0 then t = 1
( )
5
1
2 2
2
0
I 1 x x x dx =

( )
( )
0
2 5
1
1 t t t dt =

( )
0
6 8
1
t t dt =

( )
1
6 8
0
I t t dt =

1
7 9
0
7 9
t t
(
=
(
(

1 1
0
7 9
(
=
(

2
63
=

Q-4)
( )
1/2
0 2 2
1 2 1
dx
x x

Ans.
Let I =
( )
1/2
0 2 2
1 2 1
dx
x x

Put x = sin dx = cos d
When x = 0, sin = 0 = 0
When x = , sin = = /6
I
( )
1/2
0 2 2
1 2 1
dx
x x
=

I
( )
/6
0 2 2
cos
1 2sin 1 sin
d

I
/6
0
cos
cos2 .cos
d
/6
0
sec2 d

I
/6
0
1
log sec2 tan2
2

( = +

I ( )
1
log sec tan log sec0 tan0
2 3 3
( | |
= + +
| (
\

I
( )
( )
1
log 2 3 log 1 0
2
(
= +

I
( )
1
log 2 3 0
2
(
= +

( )
1
log 2 3
2
(
= +

Q-5)
( ) ( )
4
0
cos sin
2sin 1 sin 1
x x
dx
x x
+ +

Ans.
Let I =
( ) ( )
/2
0
cos sin
2sin 1 sin 1
x x
dx
x x
+ +

Put sin x = t cosx dx = dt

When x = 0 t = sin 0 = 0
When x = /2 t = sin/2 = 1
I
( ) ( )
1
0
2 1 1
t
dt
t t
=
+ +

Let
( ) ( ) 2 1 1 2 1 1
t A B
t t t t
= +
+ + + +

t = A(t + 1) B (2t + 1)

Put t = -1 -1 = B(-1) B = 1
Put t = -1/2 -1/2 = A (1/2)
A = -1

( ) ( )
1 1
2 1 1 2 1 1
t
t t t t
= +
+ + + +

I
1
0
1 1
2 1 1 t t
(
+
(
+ +

I
1
0
log 2 1
log 1
2
t
t
( +
= + +
(


179
I
( )
( )
( )
( )
log 2 1 log 1 0
log 1 1
2 2
log 0 1
+ +
= + + +
+

I ( )
1
log 3 log 2 log1 0
2
= + =
I
2
2 log 2 3 log +
=

log 4 log 3
2
=

1 4
log
2 3
| |
=
|
\

Q-6)
( )
1
2
2 2
0
1 1
dx
x x

Ans. Let I =
( )
1
2
2 2
0
1 1
dx
x x

Put sin x = ( )
1
sin x

=
cos dx d =

2 2 2
1 1 sin cos x = =
2 2
1 1 sin cos x = =

When 0 x = then
1
sin 0 0
=
When
1
2
x = then
1
1
sin
2 6
| |
=
|
\

/6
2
0
cos
I
cos cos
d

/6
2
0
sec d
= [ ]
/6
0
tan

1 1
tan tan0 0
6 3 3
= = =

Q-7)
2
4 3
0
sin .cos x x dx

Ans.
Let I =
2
4 3
0
sin .cos x x dx

/2
4 2
0
sin cos cos x x x dx

( )
/2
4 2
0
sin 1 sin cos x x x dx

Put sinx t =
cos x dx dt =
When 2 x = then t = 1
So,
( )
1
4 2
0
I 1 t t dt =

( )
1
4 6
0
t t dt =

1
5 7
0
5 7
t t
(
=
(
(

1 1
0
5 7
(
=
(

2
35
=

Q-8)
( )
2
1
1
0 2
sin
1
x
dx
x

Ans.
Let I =
( )
2
1
1
0 2
sin
1
x
dx
x

Put sin
-1
x = t,
2
1
1
dx dt
x
=

When x = 0, t =
1
sin
0 = 0
When x = 1, t = sin 1= /2
I
/2
2
0
t dt
( )
/2
3
3
2
0
0
1
3 3
t
t
(
= =
(
(

3
1
0
3 2
(
| |
= (
|
\
(

3
1
3 8
=
3
24
=


180
Q-9)
1
2 2
1
x x
dx
a e b e

Ans. Let I =
1
2 2
1
x x
dx
a e b e
+
=
1
1
2 2
/
x x
e b e a
dx
=
( )
1
2
1
2 2
x
x
e dx
a e b

Put e
x
= t, e
x
dx = dt
When x = -1, t = e
-1
= 1/e
When x = 1, t = e
I
2 2 2
1/
e
e
dt
a t b
=
+

I
( )
2
2
1/
e
e
dt
at b
=
+

I
( )
1
1/
tan /
1
e
e
at b
b a
(
= (
(

I ( ) ( )
1 1
1
tan / tan / ae b a be
ab

(
=

Q-10)
/2
0
5 3cos
dx
x

Ans. Let I =
/2
0
5 3cos
dx
x

Put t = tanx/2;
2
2
1
dt
dx
t
=
+
&
2
2
1
cos
1
t
x
t
=
+

When x = 0; t = 0
When x = /2; 1
4
t

= =
I
( )
2
1
2
0
2
2 / 1
1
5 3
1
dt t
t
t
+
=
| |
+
|
|
+
\

I
1
2 2
0
2
5 5 3 3
dt
t t
=
+ +

1
2 2
0
2
2 8 4
dt dt
t t
= =
+ +

I
1
2 2
0
2
dt
t
=
+
( )
1
1
0
1
tan /2
2
t
(
=

I ( ) ( )
1 1
1
tan 1/2 tan 0
2

(
=

I
1
1 1
tan 0
2 2
(
| |
=
| (
\

I
1
1 1
tan
2 2
| |
=
|
\

Q-11)
/4
4 4
0
sin2
sin cos
x
dx
x x

Ans. Let I =
/4
4 4
0
sin2
sin cos
x
dx
x x

I
/4
4 4
0
2sin cos
sin cos
x x
dx
x x
=
+

Dividing the numerator and
denominator by cos
4
x, we get
I
4
/4
4
0
2sin cos /cos
tan 1
x x x
dx
x
=
+

I
2
/4
4
0
2tan sec
tan 1
x x
dx
x
=
+

Put tan
2
x = t. Then
2 tan x sec
2
x dx = dt
When x = 0, t = tan
2
0 = 0
When ,
4
x

= ( )
2
tan /4 1 t = =
I ( )
1 1
1
2
0 0
tan
1
dt
t
t

(
= =

+
( )
1 1
tan 1 tan 0

= 0
4 4

= =


181
Q-12)
2 2
2
2
a
a
a x
dx
x

Ans.
Let I =
2 2
2
2
a
a
a x
dx
x

Put sin x a = cos dx a d =
When
2
a
x = then sin
2
a
a =

6
=
When x a = then sin a a =
2
=
So,
2 2 2
/2
2 2
/6
sin
I cos
sin
a a
a d
a

/2
/6
2 2
cos
cos
sin
a
a d
a

( )
[ ]
/2
2
2
/6
6
cos 1 cot ec d

= =

cot cot
2 2 6 6
( (
=
( (

0 3
2 6
( (
=
( (

3
2 6

= + +
3
3
=

Q-13)
( ) ( )
3 3
3
3 4 3
2 2
1 1
dx x dx
x x x x
=

Ans. Put
3
1
t
x
=

( )
4
3
dt
x
dx

= 2 x = 3 x =

4
3
x
=
1
8
t

=
1
27
t

=

4
1
3
dt
dx
x
=
1
2
1
8
1
1 3
1
dt t
I
t
| |
|
| |
\
=
|
| |
\
|
\

1
2
1
8
1 1
3 1
dt
t
=
+

1
27
1
8
1
log 1
3
t

= +

1 1
log 1 log 1
3 27 8
1
=
`
)

1 26 7
log log
3 27 8

=
`
)

1 26 8 1 208
log log
3 27 7 3 189
= =


182
GROUP-(C): CLASS WORK PROBLEMS
Q-1)
2
2
0
x
x e dx

Ans. Let I =
2
2
0
x
x e dx

Integrating by parts, we have
I
2 2
2
0 0
2
x x
x e xe dx
(
=

I
2
2 2
0
2 2
x
e xe dx =

Again integrating by parts, we get
I
2 2
2
0 0
4 2 1
x x
e xe e dx

(
=
`

)

I
2
2 2
0
4 2 2 0 2
x
e e e
( (
= +

I
( )
2 2 2 0
4 4 2 e e e e = +
I ( ) 1 2
2
= e

Q-2)
2
log
e
e
x dx

Ans.
Let I =
2
log
e
e
x dx

I ( )
2
log 1
e
e
x dx =

Integrating by parts, we get
I
[ ]
2
2
1
log .
e
e
e
e
x x xdx
x
=

I
2
2 2
log . log 1
e
e
e e e e dx =

I [ ]
2
2
2log log
e
e
e e e e x =
I
( )
( )
2 2
2 log 1 e e e e e = =
I
2
e =

Q-3)
2
2
3
0
x
x e dx

Ans.
Let I =
2
2
3
0
x
x e dx

2
2
0
. .
x
x e x dx =

Put
2
x t = then 2x dx dt =
/2 x dx dt =
When 0 x = , then
2
0 0 t = =
When 2 x = ,
2
2 4 t = =

4
0
I
2
t
dt
t e =

4
0
1
2
t
t e dt =

( )
4
4
0
0
1
2
t t
d
t e dt t e dt
dt
(
(
=
`
(

)

4 4
0 0
1 1
1.
2 2
t t
t e e dt
(
=

4
4 0
0
1 1
4 0
2 2
t
e e e
( (
=

4 4 0
1
2
2
e e e
(
=

4
4
1
2
2 2
e
e = +

4
3 1
2 2
e
= +

( )
4
1
3 1
2
e = +

Q-4)
/2
2
0
cos x xdx

Ans. Let I =
/2
2
0
cos x xdx

Integrating by parts, we get
I
/2 /2
2
0 0
sin sin .2 x x x xdx

(
=

I
2
/2
0
.1 0 2 sin
4
x xdx
| |
=
|
|
\


183

I
( ) ( )
{ }
2
/2
/2
0
0
2 cos cos .1
4
x x x dx

I [ ]
2
/2
0
2 cos 0 2 sin
4 2 2
x
| |
= +
|
\

I ( ) ( )
2
2 0 2 1 0
4
= +
I
2
2
4
=

Q-5)
( )
1
1
3
2 2
0
tan
1
x x
dx
x

Ans.
Let I =
( )
1
1
3
2 2
0
tan
1
x x
dx
x

( )
1
1
0 2 2
tan
1 1
x x dx
x x
=
+ +

Put
1
tan x t
= tan x t =

2
1
1
dx dt
x
=
+

When 0 x = then
1
tan 0 t
= 0 t =
When 1 x = then
1
tan 1 t
=
4
t

=
So,
/4
0
tan
I
sec
t t dt
t

/4
0
sin
. cos
cos
t
t t dt
t

/4
0
sin t t dt

( )
/4
0
sin sin
d t
t t dt t dt dt
dt
(
(
= +
(

( ) ( )
/4
/4
0
0
cos 1 cos t t t dt
= (

[ ]
/4
/4
0
0
cos t cost t dt
= +

( )
/4
0
cos 0 sin
4 4
t
| |
= +
|
\

1
sin sin0
4 4 2
| |
= +
|
\

1 1
4 2 2

= +

1
1
4 2
| |
=
|
\

Q-6)
1 2
1
0 4
sin
1
x x
dx
x

Ans.
Let I =
1 2
1
0 4
sin
1
x x
dx
x

Put sin
-1
x
2
= t,

( )
2
4
1
.
1
d
x dx dt
dx
x
=

4
2
1
x
dx dt
x
=

4
/2
1
x
dx dt
x
=

When x = 0, t = sin
-1
0
2
=0
When x = 1, t = sin
-1
(1)
2
= /2
I
1
1 2
0 4
sin .
1
xdx
x
x

I
/2
0
2
dt
t

I
/2
2
0
1
2 2
t

( | |
= ( |
|
(
\

/2
2
0
1
4
t

(
=

I
2
1
0
4 2
(
| |
= (
|
\
(

I
/2
0
log tanxdx


184
Q-7)
( )
/4
2
0
1 tan tan
x
e x x dx
+ +

Ans. Let I =
( )
/4
2
0
1 tan tan
x
e x x dx
+ +

I
( )
/4
2
0
tan sec
x
e x x dx
= +

Put f(x) = tan x ( )
2
sec f x x =
I ( ) ( ) ( )
/4
0
'
x
e f x f x dx
= +

I ( )
/4
0
.
x
e f x

(
=

I
/4
0
tan
x
e x

(
=

I ( ) ( )
/4 0
tan /4 .tan 0 e e
=
I
/4 /4
.1 0 e e

= =

GROUP (D): CLASS WORK PROBLEMS
Q-1)
9
0
9
x
dx
x x +

Ans. Let I
9
0
9
x
dx
x x +
(i)

I
( )
9
0
9
9 9 9
x
x x
=
+
(property 4)
I
9
0
9
9
x
dx
x x
=
+
(ii)
Adding (i) and (ii) we get
2I
9 9
0 0
9
9 9
x x
dx dx
x x x x
= +
+ +

2I
9
0
9
9
x x
dx
x x
+
=
+

2I
[ ]
9
9
0
0
1dx x = =

2I = 9 0 = 9
I =
9
2

Q-2)
3
4
3 3
0
5
5 9
x
dx
x x
+
+ +

Ans. Let I =
3
4
3 3
0
5
5 9
x
dx
x x
+
+ +
---- (i)

I
( )
( ) ( )
3
4
0 3 3
4 5
4 5 9 4
x
dx
x x
+
=
+ +

I
3
4
3 3
0
9
9 5
x
dx
x x
=
+ +
---- (ii)
Adding (i) and (ii) we get
2I
3 3
4 4
3 3 3 3
0 0
5 9
5 9 5 9
x x
dx dx
x x x x
+
= +
+ + + +

2I [ ]
3 3
4 4
4
0 3 3
0 0
5 9
1
5 9
x x
dx dx x
x x
+ +
= = =
+ +

2I = 4 0 = 4
I = 2

Q-3)
/2
0
sin
sin cos
x
dx
x x

Ans. Let I =
/2
0
sin
sin cos
x
dx
x x
(i)

I
( )
( ) ( )
/2
0
sin /2
sin /2 cos /2
x
dx
x x
=
+

(Using property 4)
I
/2
0
cos
cos sin
x
dx
x x
=
+
(ii)
Adding (i) and (ii), we get,
/2
0
/2
0
sin
2
sin cos
cos
cos sin
x
I dx
x x
x
dx
x x
= +
+
+

I
/2
0
sin cos
sin cos
x x
dx
x x
+
=
+

2I
[ ]
/2
/2
0
0
1dx x
= =

2I 0
2 2

= = I
4
=

185
Q-4)
/2
0
sin cos
1 sin .cos
x x
dx
x x

Ans. Let I =
/2
0
sin cos
1 sin .cos
x x
dx
x x
(i)
Using property 4 we get

I
/2
0
sin cos
2 2
1 sin .cos
2 2
x x
dx
x x

| | | |

| |
\ \
=
| | | |
+
| |
\ \

I
/2
0
cos sin
1 cos .sin .
x x
dx
x x

=
+

I
/2
0
sin cos
1 sin .cos .
x x
x x

= =
+
-I
2I = 0 I = 0

Q-5)
( )
1
2
0
log 1
1
x
dx
x
+
+

Ans. Let I =
( )
1
2
0
log 1
1
x
dx
x
+
+

Put x = tan . Then dx = sec
2
d
And 1 + x
2
= 1 + tan
2
= sec
2

When x = 0, tan = 0 = 0
When x = 1, tan = 1 = /4
( )
/4
2
2
0
log 1 tan
sec
sec
I d

+
=

I ( )
/4
0
log 1 tan d
= +
(i)
I log 1 tan
4
d

( | | | |
= +
( | |
\ \

I
/4
0
1 tan
log 1
1 tan
d
| |
= +
|
+
\

I
/4
0
2
log
1 tan
d
| |
=
|
+
\

I ( )
/4
0
log 2 log 1 tan d
( = +

I ( )
/4 /4
0 0
log 2 1 log 1 tan d d

= +

I [ ]
/4
0
log 2 I
= .. from (i)

I log 2
4
I
=
2 log 2
4
I

=
log 2
8
I

=

Q-6)
2
0
sec
sec cos
x
x ecx

Ans.
Let
2
0
sec
I
sec cos
x
x ecx
=
+
..(i)

( )
( ) ( )
/2
0
sec /2
I=
sec /2 cos /2
x
dx
x ec x x

/2
0
cos
I
cos cos
ecx
ecx x
=
+
.. (ii)
Adding (i) and (ii),we get,

/2
0
sec cos
2I
cos sec
x ecx
dx
ecx x
+
=
+

/2
0
1.dx

( )
/2
0
2I x

=
2I 0
2
=
I
4
=


186
Q-7)
2
0
1 tan
dx
x

Ans.
Let I =
2
0
1 tan
dx
x
.. (i)

/2
0
sin
1
cos
dx
x
x
=
+

/2
0
cos
cos sin
x
dx
x x
=
+

( )
( ) ( )
/2
0
cos /2
cos /2 sin /2
x
dx
x x

=
+
/2
0
sin
I
sin cos
x
dx
x x
=
+
.... (ii)

/2
0
cos sin
2I
cos sin
x x
dx
x x
+
=
+

/2
0
1.dx

[ ]
/2
0
x

=
2I 0
2
= I
4
=

Q-8)
1
2
0
1
1
dx
x x +

Ans. Let sin x = 1 x = 0 x =
cos dx d = sin 1 = sin 0 =

2
= 0 =
2
0
cos .
sin cos
d
I

=
+
.(i)
Using ( ) ( )
0 0
a a
f x f a x dx =

2
0
cos
2
sin cos
2 2
I d

| |
|
\
=
| | | |
+
| |
\ \

2
0
sin
cos sin
I d

=
+
.(ii)
Add (i) and (ii)
2
0
cos sin
sin cos cos sin
I I d

(
+ = +
(
+ +

2
0
2 1 I d

2 0
2
I
(
=
(

4
I

=

Q-9)
2 2
0
sin
sin cos
x
dx
x x

Ans.
2 2
0
sin
sin cos
x
I dx
x x
=
+
. (i)

2
2
0
sin
2
sin cos
2 2
x
dx
x x

| |
|
\
=
| | | |
+
| |
\ \

( ) ( )
0 0
a a
f x dx f a x dx
(
( =
(

2 2
0
cos
cos sin
x
I dx
x x
=
+
.. (ii)
Add (i) and (ii)
2 2 2
0
sin cos
sin cos cos sin
x x
I I dx
x x x x
+ = +
+ +

2
0
1
2
sin cos
I dx
x x
=
+


187
2
0
1
2
2sin
4
I dx
x
=
| |
+
|
\

2
0
1
cos
4 2
ec x dx
| |
= +
|
\

1
2 log cos cot
4 4 2
I ec x x
| | | |
= + +
| |
\ \

log cos cot
2 4 2 4
1
2 2
log cos 0 cot 0
4 4
ec
I
ec

( | | | |
+ +
| | (
\ \
=
`
| | | |

+ +
| |

\ \
)

log sec tan
4 4 1
2 2
log cos cot
4 4
ec

| |
+
|
\
=
`

)

{ }
1
log 2 1 log 2 1
2 2
= +
1 2 1
log log 2 1
2 2 2 1

+
=
`

)

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 1 2 1
1
log
2 2
2 1 2 1
+ +
=
+

( )
2
2 1
1
log
1 2 2
+
=
2
log 2 1
2 2
= +
1
log 2 1
2
= +

Q-10)
( )
2
3
0
cos
sin cos
d

Ans.
I =
( )
2
3
0
cos
sin cos
d
. (i)

2
3
0
cos
2
sin cos
2 2
I d

| |
|
\
=
(
| | | |
+
| | (
\ \

( )
2
3
0
sin
cos sin
I

=
+
(ii)
( )
2
2
0
1
cos sin
I I d

+ =
+

2
2
0
1
2
1 sin
I d
=
+

2
0
1
2
tan 1
I
x
(
=
(
+

GROUP-(E): CLASS WORK PROBLEMS
Q-1)
3
2
6
2
4
x dx
x

Ans.
Let I =
3
2
6
2
4
x
dx
x

( )
( )
3
6
4
x
f x
x
=
+
then

( )
( )
( )
3
6
4
x
f x
x
=
+
( )
( )
3
6
4
x
f x
x
= =
+

f is an odd function.
( )
2
2
0 f x dx


188
Q-2)
2 4
4 4
2
sin
sin cos
x
dx
x x

Ans.
2 4
4 4
2
sin
Let I
sin cos
x
dx
x x

=
+

Let, ( )
4
4 4
sin
sin cos
x
f x
x x
=
+

( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
4
4 4
sin
sin cos
x
f x
x x
=
+

( )
( ) ( )
4
4 4
sin
sin cos
x
x x
=
+

( )
4
4 4
sin
sin cos
x
f x
x x
= =
+

f is an even function.

4
/2
4 4
0
sin
I 2
sin cos
x
dx
x x
=
+
(i)

( )
( ) ( )
4
/2
4 4
0
sin 2
2
sin 2 cos 2
x dx
x x

=
+

4
/2
4 4
0
cos
2
cos sin
x
dx
x x
=
+
...(ii)
4
/2
4 4
0
4
/2
4 4
0
sin
2I 2
sin cos
cos
2
cos sin
x dx
x x
x
x x
= +
+
+
( )
4 4
/2
4 4
0
sin cos
2I 2
sin cos
x x
dx
x x
+
=
+

/2
0
2I 2 1.dx

( )
/2
0
2I 2 x

=
2I 2 0
2
(
=
(

I
2
=
Q-3)
/2
3 2
/2
sin cos x xdx

Ans. Let ( )
3 2
sin cos f x x x =

( ) ( ) ( )
3 2
sin cos f x x x =
( ) ( )
3 2
sin cos x x =
3 2
sin cos x x =
( ) f x is an odd function

/4
3 2
/4
sin cos 0 x xdx

Q-4)
2
1
2
1
1
x
dx
x

Ans. Let ( )
2
2
1
x
f x
x
=
+

( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2
2 2
1
1
x
x
f x f x
x
x
= = =
+
+

f is an even function

2 2
1 1
2 2
1 0
2
1 1
x x
dx dx
x x
=
+ +

( )
2
1
2
0
1 1
2
1
x
dx
x
+
=
+
.

I
1
2
0
1
2 1
1
dx
x
| |
=
|
+ \
1
1
0
2 tan x x
(
=

I
( )
1
2 1 tan 1 0
(
=

2 1
4
| |
=
|
\

I 2
2
=


189
GROUP-(F): CLASS WORK PROBLEMS
Q-1) Show that
/2
0 0
sin 2 sin x dx x dx

=

Ans.
Let
0
sin I x dx

Using the result
( ) ( ) ( )
2
0 0
2 ,
a a
f x dx f x f a a dx ( = +

We get
( )
/2
0
sin sin I x x dx
( = +

( )
/2 /2
0 0
sin sin 2 sin . x x dx x dx

= + =

Q-2)
/2
0
logsinxdx

Ans. Let I =
/2
0
logsinxdx
. (i)

I ( )
/2
0
logsin /2 x dx

I
/2
0
log cos xdx

(ii)
Adding (i) and (ii) we get,
2I
/2 /2
0 0
logsin logcos xdx xdx

= +

2I ( )
/2
0
logsin log cos x x dx
= +

2I ( )
/2
0
log sin .cos x x dx

2I
/2
0
2sin cos
log
2
x x
dx
| |
=
|
\

2I ( )
/2
0
logsin2 log2 x dx

2I
/2 /2
0 0
logsin2 log2 xdx dx

=

2I = I1 I2
Let,
I2
/2
0
log2dx

I2 [ ]
/2
/2
0
0
log 2 1 log 2 dx x
= =

I2 log 2
2
=
And,
I1
/2
0
logsin2xdx

Put 2x = t dx = dt/2
When x = 0, t = 2x = 0
When x = /2, t = 2x = 2/2 =
I1
0
logsin /2 tdt

I1
( )
/2
0
/2
0
logsin
1
2
logsin
tdt
t dt
(
+
(
=
(
(

I1
/2 /2
0 0
1
logsin logsin
2
tdt tdt

(
= +
(

I1
/2
0
logsintdt

I1
/2
0
logsinxdx
=I
2 log 2
2
I I

= I
1
log 2 log
2 2 2

= =


190
Q-4)
1
0 2
log
1
x
dx
x

Ans.
Let I =
1
0 2
log
1
x
dx
x

Put x = sin dx = cos d
2 2
1 1 sin cos x = =
When x = 0,sin = 0 = 0
When x = 1, sin = 1 = /2

I
/2
0
logsin
cos
cos
d

I
/2
0
logsin d

I
1
log
2 2
| |
=
|
\
(Refer Previous
problem)

Q-5)
2
0
sin cos
x dx
x x

Ans.
Let I =
2
0
sin cos
x dx
x x
.. (i)

( )
( ) ( )
/2
0
/2
sin /2 cos /2
x dx
x

=
+

( )
/2
0
/2
I
cos sin
x
dx
x x

=
+
. (ii)
Adding (i) and (ii), we get
2 I =
/2
0
/2
sin cos
dx
x x

Now,
1 1
1.sin 1.cos 2 sin cos
2 2
x x x x
| |
+ = +
|
\

2 sin sin cos cos
4 4
x x
| |
= +
|
\

2cos
4
x
| |
=
|
\

So,
2I
/2
0
1
2
2cos
4
dx
x
=
| |
|
\

2I
/2
0
s
4 2 2
ec x dx
| |
=
|
\

I
2
0
log sec tan
4 4 4 2
x x

| | | |
= +
| |
\ \

log sec tan
4 4
4 2
log sec tan
4 4

+

=
`
| | | |

+
| |

\ \
)

( ) ( ) { }
log 2 1 log 2 1
4 2
= +

( )
( )
2 1
log
4 2 2 1
| |
+
|
=
|
\

( )
2
log 2 1
2 2 2
= +

( )
log 2 1
2 2
= +

Q-6) Evaluate the following :
0
tan
sec tan
x x
dx
x x

Ans. Let
0
tan
sec tan
x x
I dx
x x
=
+

We use the result
( ) ( )
0 0
.
a a
f x dx f a x dx =

Here . a = Hence changing x by , x

191
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
0
tan
sec tan
x x
I dx
x x

=
+

( )
0
tan
sec tan
x x
dx
x x

=

( )
0
tan
sec tan
x x
dx
x x
=
+

0 0
tan tan
sec tan sec tan
x x x
dx dx
x x x x
=
+ +

0
tan
sec tan
x
I dx I
x x
=
+

0
tan sec tan
2
sec tan sec tan
x x x
I dx
x x x x
=
+

2
2 2
0
sec tan tan
sec tan
x x x
dx
x x

( )
2
0
sec tan sec 1 x x x dx = +

2 2
sec tan 1 x x
(
=

[ ]
0
sec tan x x x = +

( ) ( ) sec tan sec0 tan0 0 = + + (

( ) ( ) ( ) 1 0 1 0 2 = + ( =

( ) 2
2
I

=

GROUP-(G): CLASS WORK PROBLEMS
Q-1)
/3
2
/6
sin xdx

Ans. Let I =
/3
2
/6
sin xdx
. (i)

I
/3
2
/6
sin
2
x dx
(
| |
=
| (
\

I
/3
2
/6
cos xdx
.. (ii)
Adding (i) and (ii),
2I
/3 /3
2 2
/6 /6
sin cos xdx xdx

= +

2I
/3
2 2
/6
sin cos x xdx
(
= +

2I
/3
/6
1xdx
[ ]
/3
/4
x

=
3 6 6

= =
I
12
=

Q-2)
( )
2
1
3
1 3
x x
dx
x x

+

Ans.
Let I =
( )
2
1
3
1 3
x x
dx
x x

+

I
( ) ( )
2 2
1 1
3
1 3 1 3
x x
dx dx
x x x x
=
+ +

( ) ( )
( )
2
1
2
1
3
1 3 3 3
3
1 3
x
dx
x x
x
dx
x x
=
+ (

I
( ) ( )
2 2
1 1
3 3
1 3 1 3
x x
dx dx
x x x x

=
+ +

I 0 =


192
Q-3)
( )
( )
2
7
2
2
4
11
11
x
dx
x x

Ans. Let
( )
( )
2
7
2
2 4
11
I
11
x
dx
x x
=
+
(i)

I
( )
( ) ( )
2
7
2
2
4
11 11
11 11 11
x
dx
x x
(

=
( +

I
( )
2
7
2
2 4
11
x
dx
x x
=
+
(ii)
Adding (i) and (ii), we get
( )
( ) ( )
2
2
7 7
2 2
2 2 4 4
11
2I
11 11
x
x
dx dx
x x x x
= +
+ +

2I
( )
( )
2
2
7
2
2 4
11
11
x x
dx
x x
+
=
+
7
4
1dx =
[ ]
7
4
x =
2I 7 4 3 = =
3
I
2
=

Q-4)
/3
/6
1
1 cot
dx
x

Ans.
Let I =
/3
/6
1
1 cot
dx
x

( )
/3
/6
1
I
1 cos / sin
dx
x x
=
+
/3
/6
sin
I
sin cos
x
dx
x x
=
+
.. (i)
/3
/6
sin
6 3
I
sin cos
6 3 6 3
x
dx
x x
| |
+
|
\
=
| | | |
+ + +
| |
\ \

/3
/6
sin
2
I
sin cos
2 2
x
dx
x x

(
| |

| (
\
=
( (
| | | |
+
| | ( (
\ \

I
/3
/6
cos
cos sin
x
dx
x x
=
+
(ii)
Adding (i) and (ii) we get,
2I
/3
/6
sin cos
cos sin
x x
dx
x x
+
=
+

2I [ ]
/3
/3
/6
/6
1
3 6 6
dx x

= = = =

I
12
=

GROUP-(H): CLASS WORK PROBLEMS
Q-1)
1
2
0
x dx

Ans. Let I =
1
2
0
x dx

Here ( )
2
; 0; 1 f x x a b = = =
( )
1
0
1
1
lim .
n
n
r
r
f x dx f
n n
=
| |
=
|
\

2
2
1
1
lim .
n
n
r
r
n
n
=
=
2
3
1
1
lim
n
n
r
r
n
=
=

( ) ( )
3
1 2 1
1
lim
6 n
n n n
n
+ +
=

3
3
1 1
1 2
1
lim
6 n
n
n n
n
| | | |
+ +
| |
\ \
=
( ) ( ) 1 0 2 0
6
+ +
=
1
3
=


193
Q-2) ( )
1
0
2 1 x dx +

Ans. Let I = ( )
1
0
2 1 x dx +

Here ( ) 2 1 f x x = + ; a = 0, b = 1
( )
1
0
1
1
lim .
n
n
r
r
f x dx f
n n
=
| |
=
|
\

1
1
lim 2. 1 .
n
n
r
r
n n
=
| |
= +
|
\

2
1
2 1
lim .
n
n
r
r
n
n
=
| |
= +
|
\

2
1 1
2 1
lim 1
n n
n
r r
r
n
n
= =
(
= +
(
(

( )
2
1
2 1
lim .
2 n
n n
n
n
n
( +
= +
(

( )
2
2
1
1
lim 1 1 0 1 2
n
n
n
n
( | |
+
| (
\
( = + = + + =
(
(

Q-3) ( )
2
1
3 x dx +

Ans. Let I = ( )
2
1
3 x dx +

Let ( ) 3 f x x = + ; a = 1, b = 2;
1
1 1 2
= =
= nh
n n n
a b
h
( ) ( )
2
1
1
lim 1
n
n
r
f x dx hf rh
=
= +

( )
1
lim 1 3
n
n
r
h rh
=
= + +

( )
1
lim 4
n
n
r
h rh
=
= +

2
1 1
lim 4
n n
n
r r
h h r
= =
(
= +
(
(

2
1
lim 4
n
n
r
nh h r
=
(
= +
(
(

( )
( )
2
1
lim 4 1
2 n
n n
h
( +
= +
(

( )
2
2
1 1/
1
lim 4
2 n
n n
n
(
+
= + (
(

2
2
1
h
n

=
`
)

2
1
4
2
0 1
4 + = |
\
| +
+ =
2
9
=

Q-4)
3
3
1
x dx

Ans. Let I =
3
3
1
x dx

3
( ) f x x = a = 1, b = 3,
3 1 2 b a
h
n n n

= = =

( )
3
3
1
1
lim
n
n
r
x dx hf a rh
=
= +

3
1
2 2
lim 1 .
n
n
r
r
n n
=
| |
= +
|
\

3
1
2 2
lim 1
n
n
r
r
n n
=
| |
= +
|
\

2 3
2 3
1
2 2 4 8
lim 1 3. 3
n
n
r
r r r
n n
n n
=
| |
= + + +
|
|
\

2 3
2 3 4
1 1 1 1
2 12 24 16
lim 1
n n n n
n
r r r r
r r r
n
n n n
= = = =
| |
= + + + |
|
\


194

( ) ( ) ( )
( )
1 1 2 1
2 12 24
.
2 3
2 6
lim
2
2
1
16
4
4
n n n n n
n
n
n n
n
n n
n
+ + +
+ +
=
+
+
| |
|
|
|
|
|
\
1 1
2 6. 1 4 1
lim
2
1 1
2 4 1
n n
n
n n
+ + + +
=
+ + +
( | | | |
| |
(
\ \
(
(
| | | |
(
| |
\ \

( ) ( )( ) ( ) 0 1 4 0 2 0 1 4 0 1 . 6 2 + + + + + + + =
20 =

Q-5)
b
x
a
e dx

Ans. Let I =
b
x
a
e dx

f(x) = e
x
for a x b
b a
h nh b a
n
= =
( )
a rh
f a rh e
+
+ =
rh a
e e . =
( )
1
lim .
n
b
x
a n
r
e dx f a rh h
=
= +

1
lim . .
n
a rh
n
r
e e h
=
=
.. (i)

1
lim .
n
a rh
n
r
e h e
=
| |
= |
|
\
(i)
But
2 3
1
...
n
rh h h h nh
r
e e e e e
=
= + + + +

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 3
...
n
h h h h
e e e e = + + + +
( )
1
1
h nh
h
e e
e

=

( )
1
1
1
h b a
h
e e
e

=

Put in (i)

( )
1
lim . . 1
1
b
x a h b a
h
a n
e dx e h e e
e

As n , h 0

( )
0
lim . . 1
1
a h b a
h
h
h
e e e
e

( )
0
.1. . 1
a b a
e e e

=
0
lim 1
1
h
h
h
e
(
=
(

( )
.1.1. . 1
a b a
e e e
=
( )
.1.1 . 1
a b a
e e e
=
b a
e e =

Definite Integration

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