Personality and Personal Effectiveness

Psychometric theories : 16 P-F, Big Five, FIRO- B Psychodynamic theories : Frued Theory, MBTI, Life style Theory Personality Job Fit Theory : Johari Window Test

Personality
The term personality is used in several sense. When people

say he has a good personality they probably refer to the persons physical appearance. When someone says that Mr. should have a more dynamic personality , what is meant is the desired behaviour of X and so on. Psychologist have attempted to describe personality in terms of standard traits.

Personality
Personality is a relatively stable set of characteristics that influences an individual's behavior. Family influences, cultural influences, educational influences, and environmental forces all shape personality.

Why individuals differ in terms of personality

The person Skills and abilities Attitudes Values

The environment Organization Work group Job Personal life

Behavior
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Psychometric theories : 16 P-F, Big Five, FIRO- B

16 PF Online Test
http://similarminds.com/cgi-bin/16sm.pl

Sixteen personality factors (16 PF)

Authors: Raymond B. Cattell, A. Karen Cattell The Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF)

is a self-report questionnaire which provides detailed information on 16 primary personality traits. It emphasizes an individual's strengths through measurement of such personality dimensions as warmth, intelligence, sensitivity, and self-discipline. The 16PF assessment is also a reliable predictor of normal personality and helps project an individual's fitness for a variety of occupations.
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Sixteen personality factors (16 PF)

Big five model

Extraversion. Comfort level with relationships. Extraverts

tend to be gregarious, assertive, and sociable. Introverts tend to be reserved, timid, and quiet. Agreeableness. Individuals propensity to defer to others. High agreeableness peoplecooperative, warm, and trusting. Low agreeableness peoplecold, disagreeable. Conscientiousness. A measure of reliability. A high conscientious person is responsible, organized, dependable, and persistent. Those who score low on this dimension are easily distracted, disorganized, and unreliable.

Big five model

Emotional stability. A persons ability to withstand

stress. People with positive emotional stability tend to be calm, self-confident, and secure. Those with high negative scores tend to be nervous, anxious, depressed, and insecure. Openness to experience. The range of interests and fascination with novelty. Extremely open people are creative, curious, and artistically sensitive. Those at the other end of the openness category are conventional and find comfort in the familiar.
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FIRO - B
It is based on theory of interpersonal

relations. There are three basic needs that people have Expressed and Wanted behavior
To give and receive affection

( AFFECTION )
To control and to be controlled by others

( CONTROL )
The need to socialise and interact with

Psychodynamic theories :
Frued Theory, MBTI, Life style Theory

Sigmund Frued Theory

Id Pleasure Principle Id wants whatever feels good at the time,

with no consideration for the reality of the situation. Ex When I say I want hike in my salary , I want it whether it at any cost. Own Satisfaction
Ego Reality Principle. It meets the need of

id, while taking into consideration the reality of the situation.

The Myers-Briggs type indicator

Is a theory of personality developed by Swiss psychiatrist, Carl G.

Jung;
Asserts that differences between people result from inborn preferences; Defines a Psychological Type as : The natural, preferred way of using ones mind and directing

energy;
The behavioral habits that develop as people use their preferences.

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The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

Developed by Katharine Cook Briggs and her daughter Isabel

Briggs Myers.
Present version has evolved after 50 years of research;

Has been translated into more than 30 languages;

Is the most widely used personality inventory in the world.

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The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

Preferences Extraversion Introversion Sensing Thinking Judging Intuiting Feeling Perceiving Represents How one re-energizes How one gathers information How one makes decisions How one orients to the outer world

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The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator MBTI Scales

Introver ts

ISTJ ISTP ESTP

ISFJ ISFP ESFP ESFJ

INFJ INFP ENFP ENFJ

INTJ INTP ENTP ENTJ

Extraverts

ESTJ

Sensing Types
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Intuitive Types

The MBTI is used in :

Self-development; Career development and exploration; Relationship counseling; Academic counseling; Organization development; Team building; Problem solving; Management and leadership training; Education and curriculum development; Diversity and multicultural training.

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Life Style Theory

Type A and Type B Enlarging and Enfolding Style

Type A
A Type A personality is aggressively involved in a

chronic, incessant struggle to achieve more and more in less and less time, and, if required to do so, against the opposing efforts of other things or other persons. They are always moving, walking, and eating rapidly, are impatient with the rate at which most events take place, are doing do two or more things at once and cannot cope with leisure time. They are obsessed with numbers, measuring their success in terms of how many or how much of everything they acquire.
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Type B
Type B never suffer from a sense of time urgency with

its accompanying impatience and feel no need to display or discuss either their achievements or accomplishments unless such exposure is demanded by the situation. Play for fun and relaxation, rather than to exhibit their superiority at any cost and can relax without guilt.

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Enlarging Style
Oriented towards the goal of innovative,

change, and growth.

Looks for responsibility in the job Influencers Updated No longer enjoy the company of childhood

friends

Enfolding Style
Is oriented to the goals of tradition.

Stability, and inward strength. Comfort zone He is not a member of social or community organisation Active relationship with childhood friends Family oriented Loyal to one company

Personality Job Fit Theory

HOLLANDS THEORY
Realistic Investigative

Convention al

Artistic

Enterprisin g
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Socia l

HOLLANDS THEORY - Classification of Personalities

Realistic Manual and mechanical competencies and interaction with machines, tools and objects. Investigative Analytical, technical, scientific, and verbal competencies. Artistic Innovation or creative ability. Social Interpersonal competencies and skill in treating, healing or teaching others. Enterprising Skills in the persuasion and manipulation of other people. Conventional Clerical skills or skills in meeting precise standards for performance.

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Personality Characteristics in Organizations

Locus of Control. Locus of control was suggested by Rotter in 1960 The extent to which a person feels able to control his/her own life. Externals.
More extraverted in their interpersonal relationships and

more oriented toward the world around them.

Internals.
More introverted and more oriented towards their own

feelings and ideas.

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Locus of Control.

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Johari Window