Maths Me N Mine Sol

Mat hemat i cs
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PULLOUT WORKSHEETS
FOR CLASS X
First Term
Surender Verma
M.Sc. (Mathematics), B.Ed.
Delhi Public School,
Dwarka, New Delhi
By
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3
CONTENTS CONTENTS CONTENTS CONTENTS CONTENTS
1. Real Numbers............................................................................................... 7-15
> Worksheets (1 to 6) >Assessment Sheets (1 and 2)>Chapter Test
2. Polynomials ................................................................................................ 16-28
3. Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables ...................................... 29-50
> Worksheets (18 to 29) >Assessment Sheets (5 and 6) >Chapter Test
4. Triangles...................................................................................................... 51-72
5. Introduction to Trigonometry ............................................................... 73-87
6. Statistics ...................................................................................................... 88-97
PRACTICE PAPERS (1 to 5) ......................................................................... 99-132
Sol uti ons to Sol uti ons to Sol uti ons to Sol uti ons to Sol uti ons to
PULLOUT WORKSHEETS PULLOUT WORKSHEETS PULLOUT WORKSHEETS PULLOUT WORKSHEETS PULLOUT WORKSHEETS
[Summative Assessments] [Summative Assessments] [Summative Assessments] [Summative Assessments] [Summative Assessments]
[FIRST TERM]
7
L A E R R E B M U N S
WORKSHEET1
1. (B)
3
4 3 3
125 5 1
= = = 0.0625
.
16
2 5 165
Clearly, the decimal form of
4 3
125
.
2 5
termi-
nates after four places.
2. (C) We know that the factors of a prime
are 1 and the prime itself only.
Therefore, the common factor of p and q
will be 1 only. Hence, HCF (p, q) = 1.
3. (A) As prime factors of 1005 are:
1005 = 5 3 67.
7 is not a prime factor of 1005.
4. Hint:
24 192
= = 0.192
125 1000
.
5. LCM =
First number Second number
HCF
=
96 404
4
= 24 404 = 9696.
6. (i) 660; (ii) 330
Hint: Going in opposite direction to the
factor tree, we obtain
2 165 = 330 (ii) and 2 330 = 660 (i).
7. HCF = 3; LCM = 420
Hint: 12 = 2
2
3; 15 = 3 5; 21 = 3 7.
8. (i) Terminating
Hint:
1 3
543 543
=
250
2 5
.
(ii) Non-terminating repeating.
Hint:
2 1
9 1 1
= =
108 12
2 3
.
9. Hint: Let 5 2
3
=
a
b
; b 0

3
=
5
2
b a
b
As RHS of this equation is rational, but
LHS is an irrational so a contradiction.
10. Let a be any odd positive integer and b
= 4. By Euclids lemma there exist integers
q and r such that
a = 4q + r, 0 r < 4
.
.
. a = 4q or 4q + 1 or 4q + 2 or 4q + 3.
Therefore, for a to be odd, we have to take
a = 4q +1 or 4q +3.
11. The maximum capacity of a bag will be
the HCF of 490, 588 and 882. Let us find
out the required HCF by prime factorisa-
tion method.
490 = 2 5 7
2
588 = 2
2
3 7
2
882 = 2 3
2
7
2
HCF = 2 7
2
= 98
Thus, the maximum capacity of a bag is
98 kg.
WORKSHEET2
1. (A) HCF (p, q) = 1 p and q are coprime.
If p and q are coprime with q 0 and
p
q
is
a rational number, then q has only 2 and 5
as prime factors.
i.e., q = 2
m
5
n
where, m and n are non-
negative integers.
2. (B) Going to opposite direction to the
factor tree, we obtain
3 7 = 21 (ii) and 2 21 = 42 (i).
3. (A) Required number =
231449
161
=
1449
7
= 207.
1
Chapter
REAL NUMBERS
8 A M T H E M A T C S I X
4.
2
= 1.414... and 3 = 1.732...
Therefore, we can take 1.5 =
3
2
as
2
<
3
2
<
3
.
5. Hint: As 12576 > 4052
.
.
. 12576 = 4052 3 + 420
Further 4052 = 420 9 + 272
Further 420 = 272 1 + 148
Further 272 = 148 1 + 124
Further 148 = 124 1 + 24
Further 124 = 24 5 + 4
Further 24 = 4 6 + 0.
In the last equation, remainder is zero.
Hence, the required HCF = 4.
6. First given number is composite as
5 3 11 + 11 = 11 (15 + 1) = 11 16
= 11 2 8
But second given number is prime as
5 7 + 7 3 + 3 = 35 + 21 + 3 = 59.
7. No. Prime factors of 6
n
will be of type 2
n
3
n
.
As it doesn't have 5 as a prime factor, so 6
n
can't end with the digit 5.
8. Hint: Let a be any positive integer
.
.
. a = 3q or 3q + 1 or 3q + 2
.
.
. a
2
= 9q
2
= 3m; m = 3q
2
or a
2
= (3q +1)
2
= 3m + 1, m = q (3q + 2)
or a
2
= (3q + 2)
2
= 3m + 1, m = 3q
2
+ 4q + 1.
9. We represent 6, 72 and 120 in their prime
factors.
6 =2 3
72 =2
3
3
2
120 =2
3
3 5
Now, HCF =2 3 = 6
And LCM =2
3
3
2
5 = 360.
10. Hint: Let
2 5
= x, a rational number
2
= x +
5
Squaring both sides, we get
2 = x
2
+ 5 + 2x 5
5 =
2
3
2
x
x
RHS of this last equation is rational, but
LHS is an irrational which is a contradiction.
11. Length = 6 m 30 cm = 630 cm
Breadth = 5 m 85 cm = 585 cm
Height = 3 m 60 cm = 360 cm
The required length of the tape will be the
Highest Common Factor (HCF) of the
numbers 630, 585 and 360.
Let us find out the HCF.
630 = 2 3
2
5 7
585 = 3
2
5 13
360 = 2
3
3
2
5
HCF = 3
2
5 = 45
Hence, the length of the tape will be 45 cm.
WORKSHEET3
1. (C)
4 3 4 4
43 43 5 215
= =
2 5 (2 5) 10
= 0.0215
Hence, the number terminates after four
places of decimal.
2. (A)
( )( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 3 2 3 2 3 + =
= 2 3 = 1.
1 is a rational number.
3. (C) 128 = 2
7
; 240 = 2
4
3 5.
Now, HCF (128, 240) = 2
4
= 16.
4. Hint: First number =
HCF LCM
Second number
= 232.
5. No.
Hint: Prime factors of 15
n
will not be of
type 2
n
5
n
.
6. Rational number = 0.27
Irrational number = 0.26010010001... .
7. (i)
145 29 8 232
= = = 0.232
625 125 8 1000
.
(ii)
7 125 875
= = 0.0875
80 125 10000
.
8. Let us assume, to the contrary that
2
is
rational. We can take integers a and b 0
such that
3
=
a
b
, where a and b are coprime.
3b
2
= a
2
a
2
is divisible by 3
a is divisible by 3 ...(i)
We can write a = 3c for some integer c
9
a
2
= 9c
2
3b
2
= 9c
2
[
a
2
= 3b
2
]
b
2
= 3c
2
b
2
is divisible by 3
b is divisible by 3 ...(ii)
From (i) and (ii) we observe that a and b
have atleast 3 as a common factor. But this
contradicts the fact that a and b are co-
prime. This means that our assumption is
not correct.
Hence,
3
is an irrational number.
9. As: 1032 = 408 2 + 216 ...(i)
408 = 216 1 + 192 ...(ii)
216 = 192 1 + 24 ...(iii)
192 = 24 8 + 0 ...(iv)
HCF = 24
From (iii)
24 = 216 192
= 216 [408 216] {
.
.
.
Use (ii)}
= 2 216 408
= 2[1032 2 408] 408
{
.
.
.
Use (i)}
24 = 1032 2 5 408
m= 2.
10. Hint: Let x be any positive integer.
Then it is of the form 3q or 3q + 1 or 3q + 2.
If x = 3q, then
x
3
= (3q)
3
= 9m; m = 3q
3
If x = 3q + 1, then
x
3
= (3q + 1)
3
= 9m + 1; m = q(3q
2
+ 3q + 1).
If x = 3q + 2, then
x
3
= (3q + 2)
3
= 9m + 8; m = q (3q
2
+ 6q + 4).
11. The maximum number of columns must
be the highest common factor (HCF) of
616 and 32. Let us find out the HCF by the
method of Euclid's division lemma.
Since 616 > 32, we apply division lemma
to 616 and 32, to get
616 = 32 19 + 8
Since the remainder 8 0, we apply the
division lemma to 32 and 8, to get
32 = 8 4 + 0
The remainder has now become zero, so
our procedure stops. Since the divisor at
this stage is 8, the HCF of 616 and 32 is 8
Hence, the maximum number of columns
is 8.
WORKSHEET4
1. (B)
( )( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
6 5 6 5 6 5 + =
= 6 5 = 1 = Rational number.
2. (B)
Hint: Denominator is not in the exact form
of 2
m
5
n
, where m, n are non-negative
integers.
3. (C) 0 r < b.
4. Hint: 107 = 4 26 + 3.
5. Hint: 7 13 = (ii) and (ii) 11 = (i).
6. Let us represent each of the numbers 30,
72 and 432 as a product of primes.
30 = 2 3 5
72 = 2
3
3
2
432 = 2
4
3
3
Now, HCF = 2 3 = 6
And LCM = 2
4
3
3
5 = 2160.
7. Here, 396 > 82.
396 = 82 4 + 68
Further 82 = 68 1 + 14
Further 68 = 14 4 + 12
Further 14 = 12 1 + 2
Further 12 = 2 6 + 0
In the last equation, the remainder is zero
and the divisor is 2.
Hence, the required HCF = 2.
8. Hint: Let 3 + 2 5 =
a
b
; b 0
3
2
a b
b
=
5
= Rational
Which is a contradiction as
5
is an irra-
tional number.
Hence, 3 + 2 5 is an irrational number.
9. (i) The given fraction can be written as

4 3 4
43 435
= = 0.0215
2 5 10
Hence, the given number terminates after
four places of decimal.
(ii) The given fraction can be written as
4
5 5 5
359 2 359
=
25 2 5
=
5744
100000
= 0.05744
Hence, the given number terminates after
five places of decimal.
10. The required number of students will be
the highest common factor (HCF) of 312,
260 and 156. Let us find out the HCF by
the method of prime factorisation.
312 = 2
3
3 13
260 = 2
2
5 13
156 = 2
2
3 13
HCF = 2
2
13 = 52
Number of buses required
=
Total number of students
Number of students in one bus
=
312 + 260 + 156
= 14
52
Thus, the maximum number of students in
a bus and number of buses required are
52 and 14 respectively.
11. Hint: Let x = any positive integer
x = 5m, 5m + 1, 5m + 2, 5m + 3 or 5m + 4
Now take square of all form.
WORKSHEET5
1. (C)
Hint: LCM of 18, 24, 30, 42 = 2520
Required number = 2520 + 1 = 2521.
2. (C) Let the quotient is m when n
2
1 is
divided by 8.
n
2
1 = 8 m
n
2
1 = An even integer.
n
2
= An even integer + 1 = Odd
integer
n = An odd integer.
3. (B)
Hint: HCF (65, 117) = 13
Now, 65m 117 = 13.
m = 2 will satisfy this equation.
4. Prime factors of numbers 1 to 10 are:
1 = 1; 2 = 1 2; 3 = 1 3; 4 = 1 2
2
5 = 1 5; 6 = 1 2 3; 7 = 1 7;
8 = 1 2
3
; 9 = 1 3
2
; 10 = 1 2 5
Now,
LCM = 1 2
3
3
2
5 7
= 8 9 5 7 = 2520 is required
number.
5. Hint:
5 3
5 3
+
= 2x
15
4
15
= 2x
15
x = 2, which is a rational number.
6. Hint: Any odd positive integer will be
type of 4q + 1 or 4q + 3
(4q + 1)
2
= 16q
2
+ 8q + 1
= 8 (2q
2
+ q) + 1
= 8n + 1
Also, (4q + 3)
2
= 16q
2
+ 24q + 9
= 8 (2q
2
+ 3q + 1) + 1
= 8n + 1.
7. 35 cm
Hint: Find HCF.
8. Hint: Let
5 3 2
=
a
b
where a, b are integers and b 0
Squaring on both sides,
5 18 6 10 + =
2
2
a
b
2
2
23
a
b
=
6 10
2 2
2
23
6
b a
b
=
10
... a contradiction.
9. (i) Terminating. (ii) Terminating.
10. The required number of burfis will be the
highest common factor of 420 and 130.
Let us find out the HCF using Euclid's
division lemma.
It is clear that 420 > 130. We apply Division
lemma to 420 and 130, to get
420 = 130 3 + 30
Since the remainder 30 0, so we apply
Division lemma to 130 and 30, to get
130 = 30 4 + 10
11
Again the remainder 10 0, so we apply
Division lemma to 30 and 10, to get
30 = 10 3 + 0
Now, the remainder is zero. So the HCF of
420 and 130 is the divisor at the last stage
that is 10.
Hence, the required number of burfis is 10.
11. Let n = 3q, 3q + 1 or 3q + 2.
Case I: If n = 3q, then
n = 3q divisible by 3
n + 2 = 3q + 2 Not divisible by 3
n + 4 = 3q + 4 = 3(q + 1) + 1
Not divisible by 3.
Case II: If n = 3q + 1 then only
n + 2 = 3q + 1 + 2 = 3q + 3
= 3(q + 1) is divisible by 3.
and if n = 3q + 2 then only
n + 4 = 3q + 6 = 3(q + 2)
is divisible by 3.
WORKSHEET6
1. (C) 3825 = 5
2
3
2
17
So, 11 is not a prime factor of 3825.
2. (C) As p and p + 1 are two consecutive
natural numbers, HCF = 1 and
LCM = p (p + 1).
3. (A)
Hint: The given number is
51 17
or
1500 500
Denominator = 500 = 2
2
5
3
Clearly, the denominator is exactly in the
form 2
m
5
n
, where m and n are non-
negative integers; so the given number is
a terminating decimal expansion.
4. Hint:
. .. ..
. .. ..
. .. ..
8 = 2
3
; 9 = 3
2
; 25 = 5
2
HCF (8, 9, 25) = 1
LCM (8, 9, 25) = 1800.
5. Hint: HCF (210, 55) = 5
210 5 + 55y = 5
55y = 5 1050
y =
1045
55
= 19.
6. Irrational
Hint:
2 3
2 3
+
=
3
x
7 4
3
=
3
x
7
3
12 = x = Irrational.
7. Rational Number = 0.55
Irrational number = 0.5477477747... .
8. 15
Hint: HCF (1380, 1455, 1620) = 15.
9. (i) 0.052. (ii) 5.8352.
10. We know that any positive integer is either
of the form 3q, 3q + 1 or 3q + 2 for some
integer q.
Now, three cases arise.
Case I. When p = 3q,
p + 2 = 3q + 2 and p + 4 = 3q + 4
Here, p = 3q is exactly divisible by 3
p + 2 = 3q + 2 leaves 2 as remain-
der when it is divided by 3
p + 4 = 3q + 4 or 3 (q + 1) + 1 leaves
1 as remainder when it is
divided by 3.
Case II. When p = 3q + 1,
p + 2 = 3q + 3 and p + 4 = 3q + 5
Here, p = 3q + 1 leaves 1 as remainder
when it is divided by 3
p + 2 = 3q + 3 or 3 (q + 1) is exactly
divisible by 3
p + 4 = 3q + 5 or 3(q + 1) + 2 leaves 2
as remainder when it is
divided by 3.
Case III. When p = 3q + 2, p + 2 = 3q + 4
and p + 4 = 3q + 6
Here, p = 3q + 2 leaves 2 as remainder
when it is divided by 3.
p + 2 = 3q + 4 or 3(q + 1) + 1 leaves 1 as
remainder when it is divided by 3
p + 4 = 3q + 6 or 3(q + 2) is exactly divisible
by 3.
Hence, in all the cases, one and one number
out of p, p + 2 and p + 4 is divisible by 3,
where p is any positive integer.
OR
Any positive odd integer is type of 2q + 1
where q is a whole number.
(2q + 1)
2
= 4q
2
+ 4q + 1 = 4q (q + 1) + 1
...(i)
Now, q(q + 1) is either 0 or even
So it is 2m, where m is a whole number.
from (i) (2q + 1)
2
= 8m + 1.
11. Since, height of each stack is the same,
therefore, the number of books in each stack
is equal to the HCF of 96, 240 and 336.
Let us find their HCF
96 = 2
4
2 3
240 = 2
4
3 5
336 = 2
4
3 7
So, HCF = 2
4
3 = 48.
Now, number of stacks of English books
=
96
48
= 2
Number of stacks of Hindi books
=
240
48
= 5
Number of stacks of Mathematics books
=
336
48
= 7.
ASSESSMENT SHEET1
1. (D)

The denominator of each fraction in the
options (A), (B) and (C) can be expressed in
the form 2
n
5
m
, where m, n being whole
numbers.
2. (A) Let x be any positive integer then it is
of the form 3q or 3q + 1 or 3q + 2. So, x
2

can
be written in the form 3m or 3m + 1.
3. HCF LCM = Product of the two numbers
40 252 p = 2520 6600
p =
2520 6600
40 252
= 1650.
4. True, If the number 3
n
ends with the digit 0,
then its prime factorisation contains the
prime 5. But by the Fundamental Theorem
of Arithmetic, there is no prime other than 3
in the factorisation of 3
n
.
5. The required number would be the HCF of
967 7 = 960 and 2060 12 = 2048.
Let us find the HCF of 960 and 2048 by
using Euclids algorithm.
Since 2048 > 960
2048 = 960 2 + 128
960 = 128 7 + 64
128 = 64 2 + 0
Since the remainder becomes zero and the
divisor at this stage is 64, the HCF of 960
and 2048 is 64.
Hence, the required number is 64.
6.
Clearly, 456 = 2
3
3 19
and 360 = 2
3
3
2
5
HCF = 2
3
3 = 24
and LCM = 2
3
3
2
5 19 = 6840.
7. Let us assume the contrary that
3
is a
rational number.
So,
3
=
a
b
, where a and b are coprime.
3 =
2
2
a
b
(Squaring both sides)
3b
2
= a
2
a
2
is divisible by 3
a is divisible by 3 because 3 is a prime.
We can write a = 3c for some integer c
Substituting a =3c in 3b
2
= a
2
, we get
3b
2
= 9c
2
b
2
= 3c
2
b
2
is divisible by 3
b is divisible by 3.
Therefore, both a and b are divisible by 3.
But this contradicts the fact that a and b are
coprime that is, no common factor other
than 1.
13
Consequently, we arrive at the result that
our assumption that
3
is rational, is wrong.
Hence,
3
is an irrational number.
8. Let a be any odd positive integer. Then, it is
of the form 6p + 1, 6p + 3 or 6p + 5.
Here, three cases arise.
Case I. When a = 6p + 1,
a
2
= 36p
2
+ 12p + 1
= 6p(6p + 2) + 1 = 6q + 1,
where q = p(6p + 2).
Case II. When a = 6p + 3,
a
2
= 36p
2
+ 36p + 9
= 36p
2
+ 36p + 6 + 3
= 6(6p
2
+ 6p + 1) + 3
= 6q + 3,
where q = 6p
2
+ 6p + 1.
Case III. When a = 6p + 5,
a
2
= 36p
2
+ 60p + 25
= 36p
2
+ 60p + 24 + 1
= 6(6p
2
+ 10p + 4) + 1
= 6q + 1,
where q = 6p
2
+ 10p + 4.
Hence, a is of the form 6q + 1 or 6q + 3.
ASSESSMENT SHEET2
1. (D)

14587
1250
= 11.6696.
Clearly, the decimal expansion terminates
after four decimal places.
2. (C) LCM (p, q) = x
3
y
2
z
3
.
3. HCF LCM= Product of the two numbers.
9 LCM= 306 657
LCM=
306 657
9
= 22338.
4. The maximum number out of 3, 5, 15, 25,
75 is 75. Therefore, the HCF of 525 and 3000
is 75.
5. The denominator of
257
5000
is 5000.
5000 = 5 10
3
= 5 (2 5)
3
= 2
3
5
4
.
Further,
257
5000
=
3 3
257 257 2
5 10 5 10 2
=

=
4
514
10
= 0.0514.
6. Let x = 2p + 1 and y = 2q + 1
x
2
+ y
2
= (2p + 1)
2
+ (2q + 1)
2
= 4p
2
+ 4p + 1 + 4q
2
+ 4q + 1
= 4(p
2
+ p + q
2
+ q) + 2
= S + T
where S = 4(p
2
+ p + q
2
+ q) and T = 2
S is divisible by 4 and so an even integer.
T is not divisible by 4 but an even integer.
Therefore, S + T is even, as sum of any two
evens is even, and not divisible by 4.
7. Let us assume the contrary that
5
is a
rational number.
We can take coprime a and b (say) such that
5
=
a
b
; b 0
b
5
= a
Square both the sides to get
5b
2
= a
2
a
2
is divisible by 5
a is divisible by 5 because if square of a
number is divisible by a prime, then the
number is divisible by the prime.
Let us take some integer c such that
a = 5c
Square both the sides to get
a
2
= 25c
2
Substitute a
2
= 25c
2
in 5b
2
= a
2
to get
5b
2
= 25c
2
b
2
= 5c
2
b
2
is divisible by 5
b is divisible by 5
Therefore, both a and b are divisible by 5.
This contradicts the fact that a and b are
coprime that is a and b have no common
factor.
Our assumption is false.
So, we conclude that
5
is an irrational
number.
8. Any positive integer n can be written in the
form 3q, 3q + 1 or 3q + 2.
Here, three cases arise as follows:
Case I. When n = 3q,
n
3
= (3q)
3
= 27q
3
n
3
+ 1 = 27q
3
+ 1 = 9 3q
3
+ 1
= 9m + 1, where m = 3q
3
.
Case II. When n = 3q + 1,
n
3
= (3q + 1)
3
= 27q
3
+ 1 + 3(3q + 1) 3q
= 27q
3
+ 27q
2
+ 9q + 1
n
3
+ 1 = 27q
3
+ 27q
2
+ 9q

+ 2
= 9 (3q
3
+ 3q
2
+ q) + 2
= 9m + 2,
where m = 3q
3
+ 3q
2
+ q
Case III. When n =3q + 2,
n
3
= (3q + 2)
3
= 27q
3
+ 8 +
3 6q (3q + 2)
= 27q
3
+ 8 + 54q
2
+ 36q
n
3
+ 1 = 27q
3
+ 54q
2
+ 36q + 9
= 9 (3q
3
+ 6q
2
+ 4q + 1)
= 9m, where m = 3q
3
+
6q
2
+ 4q + 1.
Hence, n
3
+ 1 can be expressed in the form
9m, 9m + 1 or 9m + 2 for some integer m.
CHAPTER TEST
1. (D) Since 32844 = 2 2 3 7 17 23
So, 11 is not prime factor of 32844.
2. (A)
.
.
.
LCM =
306 1314
18
= 22338.
3. (C)
As, 8q is even and 6 is even, 8q + 6 is even.
4.
.
.
.
0.56125 =
56125
100000
=
449
800
=
449
32 25
=
5 2
449
2 5
2
n
5
m
= 2
5
5
2
n = 5, m = 2.
5.
( )
2
2 9 = 2 2 18 9 +
= 11 2 18
= irrational.
6. Yes.
2 3 5 13 17 + 13
= 13 (2 3 5 17 + 1)
= 13 511
= a composite number.
7. No.
Hint: Prime factors of 9
n
will be type of
3
2n
, i.e.,

3 3 ... 3

Even no.
of times.
8. 120 =2
3
3 5
105 =3 5 7
150 =2 3 5
2
HCF =3 5 = 15
And LCM =2
3
3 5
2
7
=8 3 25 7
=4200.
9. Hint:
Let 2 3 3 = x where x is rational.
( )
2
2 3 3
= x
2
2 + 27 6 6 = x
2
29 x
2
= 6 6
2
29
6
x
= 6 6 .
Since 6 is not a perfect square. So 6 is
always irrational.
It's a contradiction.
15
10. We know that any positive integer is of the
form 3q or 3q + 1 or 3q + 2.
Case I: n =3q
n
3
=(3q)
3
= 9 3q
3
= 9m
n
3
+ 1 =9m + 1, where m = 3q
3
.
Case II: n =3q + 1
n
3
=(3q + 1)
3
=27q
3
+ 1 + 27q
2
+ 9q
=9q (3q
2
+ 3q + 1) + 1
=9m + 1
n
3
+ 1 =9m + 2, where
m =q(3q
2
+ 3q + 1).
Case III: n =3q + 2
n
3
=(3q + 2)
3
=27q
3
+ 8 + 54q
2
+ 36q
n
3
+ 1 =27q
3
+ 54q
2
+ 36q + 9
=9(3q
3
+ 6q
2
+ 4q + 1)
=9m,
where m =3q
3
+ 6q
2
+ 4q + 1.
Hence, n
3
+ 1 can be expressed in the form
9m, 9m + 1 or 9m + 2, for some integer m.
11. Length = 8.25 m = 825 cm
Breadth = 6.75 m = 675 cm
Height = 4.50 m = 450 cm
The required length of the rod will be the
highest common factor of 825 cm, 675 cm
and 450 cm.
Now, 825 = 3 5
2
11
675 = 3
3
5
2
450 = 2 3
2
5
2
So, HCF (825, 675, 450) = 3 5
2
= 75
Hence, length of the rod is 75 cm.
8. Solving + = 3 and = 1,
we get = 1, = 2
.
.
. Polynomial is x
2
( + ) x +
p(x) = x
2
3x + 2.
9. According to the division algorithm,
p(x) = g(x) q(x) + r(x)
x
3
3x
2
+ x + 2 = g (x) (x 2) + ( 2x + 4)
(As given in question)
g(x) =
3 2
3 + 3 2
2
x x x
x
To find g(x), we proceed as given below.
Thus, g(x) = x
2
x + 1.
10.
1
3
;
3
2
Hint: 6x
2
7x 3 = 0
6x
2
9x + 2x 3 = 0
3x (2x 3) + 1 (2x 3) = 0
(2x 3) (3x + 1) = 0
.
.
. x =
3
2
or
1
3
.
.
. + =
1
3
+
3
2
=
7
6
=
b
a
.
.
. . =
1
3
.
3
2
=
1
2
=
c
a
.
2
Chapter
POLYNOMIALS
WORKSHEET10
1. (C)
Hint: put x
2
+ 2x + 1 = 0 and solve for x.
2. (C) Since the given graph of y = p(x) cuts
x-axis at three points, so the number of
zeroes of p(x) are 3.
3. (A)
Hint:
+ 1 1
+ =

.
4. Let one zero be , then the other one will
be
1
.

.
1
=
15
k
k = 15.
5. Sum of zeroes (S) =
2 3
4 3
+
=
3 8
4 3
=
5
4 3
Product of zeroes (P) =
2 3

4 3
=
1
2
Now, required polynomial will be
x
2
Sx + P, i.e., x
2
+
5
4 3
x
1
2
or 4 3 x
2
+ 5x 2 3 .
6. Let f (x) = 2x
2
+ 2ax + 5x + 10
If x + a is a factor of f (x), then f ( a) = 0
Therefore, 2a
2
2a
2
5a + 10 = 0
a = 2.
7. x
3
4x
2
+ x + 6
Hint: If the roots are , and of a cubical
polynomial, then the polynomial will be
(x ) (x ) (x )
= (x 3) (x 2) (x + 1) = x
3
4x
2
+ x + 6.
17 Y L O P M O N L A S I
5. p = 2
Hint: (2)
3
3(2)
2
+ 3(2) p = 0
8 12 + 6 p = 0
2 p = 0
p = 2.
6. Let and be the two zeroes of
f (x) = ax
2
+ 2x + 3a
Then, + =
2
a
and =
3a
a
= 3
According to the question,
2
a
= 3
a =
2
3
.
7. Let the third zero be , then
sum of the zeroes =
2
3
coefficient of
coefficient of
x
x
2 + 3 + =
6
1
= 1
Hence, the third zero is 1.
8. Let us divide 6x
4
+ 8x
3
+ 17x
2
+ 21x + 7 by
3x
2
+ 4x + 1.
Clearly, the remainder is x + 2.
Now, ax + b = x + 2
Comparing like powers of x both the sides,
we obtain
a = 1, b = 2.
9. We know that,
Dividend = (Divisor Quotient) + Remainder
4x
3
8x
2
+ 8x + 1 = g(x) (2x 1) + x + 3
g(x) (2x 1) = 4x
3
8x
2
+ 7x 2
g(x) =
3 2
4 8 7 2
2 1
x x x
x
+
11. Let p(x) = x
4
+ x
3
34x
2
4x + 120
Given zeroes of p(x) are 2 and 2
.
.
. (x 2) (x + 2) = x
4
4 is a factor of p(x).
We divide p(x) by x
2
4,

x
2
+ 30 x
x x x
3 2
30 4 +120
x
4
+ 34 4 + 120 x x x
3 2
x x
4 2
4
+
4 x x
3
30 + 20 x
2
1
30 + 20 x
2
1
x
2
4
0
.
.
. p(x) = (x
2
4) (x
2
+ x 30)
.
.
. Other zeroes of p(x) are given by
x
2
+ x 30 = 0
x
2
+ 6x 5x 30 = 0
x(x + 6) 5(x + 6) = 0
(x 5) (x + 6) = 0
x = 5, 6
Hence, all the zeroes are 2, 2, 5 and 6.
WORKSHEET 11
1. (A) p(x) = 2x
2
2x + 1
Sum of zeroes = 1
Product of zeroes =
1
2
.
2. (A) Let = 5 and = 5, then the quad-
ratic polynomial will be x
2
( + )x +
or x
2
25.
3. (D) Let us take option (D)
p(x) = (x
2
2) (x
2
+ 3x) = 3x 2
This is a linear polynomial.
4. For zeroes of p(x), put p(x) = 0
4x
2
4x + 1 = 0
4x
2
2x 2x + 1 = 0
2x (2x 1) 1(2x 1) = 0
(2x 1) (2x 1) = 0
2x 1 = 0
x =
1
2
,
1
2
.
Now,

2 1 x
2 3 + 2 x x
2
4 8 + 7 2 x x x
3 2
4 2 x x
3 2
6 + 7 2
2
x x
6 + 3
2
x x
4 2
4 2
x
x
+
+
+
0
Hence, g(x) = 2x
2
3x + 2.
10. 3 and 1
Hint: x
2
3
x x +
3
= 0
x =
3
, 1
Now, sum of zeroes =
3
+ 1
=
2
Coefficient of
Coefficient of
x
x
And product of zeroes =
3
=
2
Constant term
Coefficient of x
.
11. p(x) =
2
2 12 x x ;
( )
2 2, 3 2
Hint: For zeroes:
2
2 12 x x = 0
2
2 2 3 2 12 x x x + = 0
( )
3 2 x
( )
2 2 x+ = 0
x = 2 2 or x =3 2 .
WORKSHEET12
1. (C) Sum of zeroes =
( 5)
1
3

= 15
Product of zeroes =
3
2
1
3
=
9
2
.
2. (C) Sum of zeroes = 6
6 =
3
1
k
k =
6
3
= 2.
3. (D) Let one zero be , then the other one
will be
1
.
So,
.
1
=
2
4
4
a
a +
a
2
4a + 4 = 0
(a 2)
2
= 0
a = 2.
4. (A) Let the zeroes be , , . If = 1, then
=
1
c
If = 1, then = c ...(i)
Further, ( 1)
3
+ a ( 1)
2
+ b ( 1) + c = 0
1 + a b + c = 0
c = b a + 1 ...(ii)
From equations (i) and (ii), we have
= b a + 1.
5. Given polynomial is:
f (x) = x
2
px 2p c
.
.
. + = p
and . = 2p c
.
.
. ( + 2) ( + 2) = + 2 ( + ) + 4
= 2p c + 2p + 4
= (4 c).
6. = 6
Hint: ( + )
2
= ( )
2
+ 4.
7. x = 1 or 3; f (x) = x
2
2x 3
Hint: x = 1 or 3,
Sum of zeroes = 2
Product of zeroes = 3
p(x) = x
2
( + )x +
= x
2
2x 3.
8. x
2
x
47
4
Hint: f (x) = {x
2
(sum of roots) x + (product
of roots)}
9. The number which to be subtracted is the
remainder when 4x
4
+ 2x
3
8x
2
+ 3x 7 is
divided by 2x
2
+ x 2. To find the remainder,
we proceed as following.

2 2 x + x
2
2 2 x
2
4 + 2 8 + 3 7 x x x x
4 3 2
4 + 2 4 x x x
4 3 2
+ 3 7 x x
2
4
2 4 x x +
2
4
5 11 x

+ +

+
Hence, 5x 11 must be subtracted from
4x
4
+ 2x
3
8x
2
+ 3x 7 so that it becomes
exactly divisible by 2x
2
+ x 2.
10. g(x) = x
2
+ 2x + 1
Hint: p(x) = g(x) q(x) + r(x)
g(x) =
( ) ( )
( )
p x r x
q x
where, p(x) = 3x
3
+ x
2
+ 2x + 5
q(x) = 3x 5
and r(x) = 9x + 10.
11. Since x =
5
3
and x =
5
3
are zeroes of
p(x) = 3x
4
+ 6x
3
2x
2
10x 5, so p(x) is
divisible by
5 5
+
3 3

x x , i.e., x
2

5
3
.
Here, other two zeroes of p(x) are the other
two zeroes of quotient 3x
2
+ 6x + 3
Put 3x
2
+ 6x + 3 = 0
3(x + 1)
2
= 0
x = 1 and x = 1
Hence, all the zeroes of p(x) are
5
3
,
5
3
, 1 and 1.
WORKSHEET13
1. (A)
Hint: Given polynomial can be written as:
p(x) = 2x
2
+ 3x 11
Sum of zeroes =
b
a
Product of zeroes =
c
a
.
2. (B) Sum of zeroes = 99 = ve
Product of zeroes = 127 = +ve
If the sum of both zeroes is negative, then
the zeroes would be either both negative
or one negative and other one positive. If
the product of both the zeroes is positive,
then the zeroes would be either both
positive or both negative.
Consequently, we obtain that both the
zeroes are negative.
3. (D) We know that the degree of the remain-
der is less than the degree of divisor.
Here, degree of the divisor is 3, therefore,
the possible degree of the remainder can
be any out of 0, 1 and 2.
4. Hint: Substitute x = 2 in x
2
+ 2x + k = 0.
5. Since , are the zeroes of x
2
+ px + q, then
+ = p; = q
Now,
+
p
q
+ 1 1
= =

And
q
1 1 1 1
= =

So the polynomial having zeroes and
1 1

will be
p(x) = x
2

2
1
+ = + +
p
x x x
q q
1 1 1 1
+

or p(x) = qx
2
+ px + 1.
6. g(x) = x
2
+ 2x + 7.
Hint: Divide x
3
+ 3x 14 by x 2.
7. p(x) = 3x
2
3x + 12.
g(x) = x
2
x + 4
.
.
. q(x) = 3
r(x) = 0.
8.
1 1
,
7 7
Hint: For zeroes: 21x
2
3 = 0
x
2
=
1
7
.
.
. x =
1
7
.
9. Since a = 2 is a zero of a
3
3a
2
10a + 24,
therefore a
3
3a
2
10a + 24 is divisible by
a 2. Further the obtained quotient will
provide the other two zeroes.
Put a
2
a 12 = 0 for other zeroes.
(a 4) (a + 3) = 0
a = 3, 4
Thus, the other two zeroes are 3 and 4.
10. g(x) = x + 1.
Hint: Applying division algorithm, we get
x
4
+ 1 = g(x) (x
3
x
2
+ x 1) + 2
g(x) =
4
3 2
1
+ 1
x
x x x
=
( )( )
( )
( )( )
2
2
+1 1 +1
1 +1
x x x
x x
= x + 1.
11. Hint: +

2 2
1 1
=
2 2
2 2
+

=
( )
2
2 2
2 +

=
2
2
2 b ac
c
.
OR
Let us divide x
4
+ 2x
3
+ 8x
2
+ 12x + 18 by x
2
+ 5.
Clearly, the remainder is 2x + 3.
Now, px + q = 2x + 3
Comparing like powers of x both the sides,
we get
p = 2, q = 3.
WORKSHEET14
1. (C) If a quadratic polynomial has equal
roots , then its discriminant must be zero.
So, b
2
4ac = 0
b
2
= 4ac
This last equation holds if a and c have
same sign.
2. (D) Sum of zeroes = 3 + 7 = 4,
Product of zeroes = ( 3) 7 = 21
A polynomial may be k(x
2
4x 21)
where k has infinitely many real values.
Hence, infinitely many number of poly-
nomials can be.
3. (A) + =
3
2
, =
1
2
.
.
. ( )
2
=

( + )
2
4
=
9
4
2 =
1
4
=
1
2
.
.
. =
1
2
, = 1 or = 1, =
1
2
.
.
. + 2 =
5
2
, + 2 = 3 or + 2 = 3,
+ 2 =
5
2
.
Hence, the required polynomial can be
x
2

5
3
2

+

x +
5
2
3, i.e., x
2
11
2
x +
15
2
.
4. Let zeroes be and .
+ = 6, = 4
Using ( )
2
= ( + )
2
4, we get
( )
2
= 6
2
4 4 = 20 , = 2 5
Thus, the difference of zeroes is 2 5 .
5. 5. 5. 5. 5. Hint:

+

=
+
2 2
=
( )
2
2 +
=
25 12
6
=
13
6
.
6. Hint: x
2
1 = (x + 1) (x 1)
.
.
. x = 1 or 1, both will satisfy with the
given polynomial.
.
.
. we get, p + q + r + s + t = 0 ...(i)
and p q + r s + t = 0 ...(ii)
From (ii),
p + r + t = q + s
From (i),
2 (q + s) = 0 q + s = 0
.
.
. p + r + t = q + s = 0.
7. No.
Hint: Divide q(x) by g(x). If the remainder
obtained is zero, then the g(x) is a factor of
q(x) otherwise not.
8. a = 1, b = 7
Hint: Put remainder = 0 and equate coefficient
of x in the remainder and constant term
with zero.
9. According to division algorithm,
p(x) = g(x) q(x) + r(x)
(i) p(x) = 6x
2
+ 3x + 2, g(x) = 3
q(x) = 2x
2
x, r(x) = 2
(ii) p(x) = 8x
3
+ 6x
2
x + 7, g(x) = 2x
2
+ 1
q(x) = 4x + 3,

r(x) = 5x + 4
(iii) p(x) = 9x
2
+ 6x + 5, g(x) = 3x + 2,
q(x) = 3x,

r(x) = 5.
10. Given quadratic polynomial is
5 5
x
2
+ 30x +
8 5
To find its zeroes, put
5 5
x
2
+ 30x +
8 5
= 0
5 5
x
2
+ 20x + 10x +
8 5
= 0
5x
( )
5 4 x + +
2 5 ( )
5 4 x + = 0
( )
+ 5 2 5 x
( )
+ 5 4 x
= 0
x =
2
5
or x =
4
5
i.e., x =
2 5
5
or x =
4 5
5
So, sum of zeroes =
2 5
5

4 5
5
=
6 5
5
And product of zeroes
=
2 5 4 5

5 5

=
8
5
.
Also, sum of zeroes =
2
Coefficient of
Coefficient of
x
x
=
30
5 5
=
6 5
5
And product of zeroes =
2
Constant term
Coefficient of x
=
8 5
5 5
=
8
5
.
Hence verified.
OR
Hint: Let S =
1 1
1 1

+
+ +
P =
1 1
1 1

+ +

.
.
. Required polynomial p(x) = x
2
Sx + P.
11. As
3
2
and
3
2
are the zeroes of the given
quadratic polynomial, so
3
2
x

and
3
2
x

+

will be the factors of that, Conse-
quently,
3
2
x

3
2
x

+

, i.e.,

2
3
2
x
must be the factor of that. Let us divide
2x
4
10x
3
+ 5x
2
+ 15x 12 by
2
3
2
x .

2 10 + 8 x x
2
10 + 8 + 15 12 x x x
3 2
2 10 + 5 + 15 12 x x x x
4 3 2
2 3 x x
4 2
3
2
+
+
x
2
10 + 15 x x
3
8 12 x
2
8 12 x
2
+
0
Now, 2x
4
10x
3
+ 5x
2
+ 15x 12
=
2
3
2
x

(2x
2
10x + 8)
By splitting 10x, we factorise 2x
2
10x + 8
as (x 4) (2x 2). So, its zeroes are given
by x = 4 and x = 1.
Therefore, the zeroes of the given poly-
nomial are
3
2
,
3
2
, 1 and 4.
WORKSHEET15
1. (B)
Hint: f (x) = x
2
px ( p + c)
( + 1) ( + 1) = + ( + ) + 1 .
2. (A)
Hint:
1 1 1 + +
+ + =

.
3. (D) Let zeroes be and , then
( )
2
= 144
= + 12 ...(i)
+ = p ...(ii)
= 45 ...(iii)
Also, we have
( )
2
= ( + )
2
4
144 = p
2
180
p = 18.
4. Let the given linear polynomial be
y = ax + b ....(i)
This passes through points (1, 1), (2, 1) and
3
, 0
2

1 = a + b ...(ii)
1 = 2a + b ...(iii)
0 =
3
2
a + b ...(iv)
Solving equations (ii) and (iii), we get a = 2,
b = 3 which satisfy to equation (iv).
Consequently, using equation (i), we get
y = 2x 3
Polynomial is p(x) = 2x 3
Since p(x) = 0 if x =
3
2
x =
3
2
is zero of p(x).
5. Let us divide ax
3
+ bx c by x
2
+ bx + c by
the long division method.

ax ab
+ ( abx b ac) x c
2
ax bx c
3
+
ax + abx + acx
3 2
+

+ +
x bx c
2
+ +
abx ab x abc
2 2
( + ) ab b ac x + abc c
2
Put remainder = 0
(ab
2
+ b ac)x + (abc c) = 0
ab
2
+ b ac = 0 and abc c = 0
Consider abc c = 0 (ab 1) c = 0
ab = 1 or c = 0. Hence, ab = 1.
6. Hint: Let p(x) = x
3
mx
2
2npx + np
2
(x p) is a factor of p(x)
p(x) = 0 at x = p.
p
3
p
2
m p
2
n = 0
p
2
[(p (m + n)] = 0
p = m + n where p 0.
7. x
3
4x
2
+ x + 6
Hint: The required cubic polynomial is given
by (x 3) (x 2) (x + 1) or x
3
4x
2
+ x + 6
This is the required polynomial.
8. 2, 3, 4
Hint: + + = 5
+ + = 2
= 24
Let = 12
.
.
. = 2
.
.
. + = 7
( )
2
= 1
= 1
.
.
. + = 7 and = 1
= 4
= 3
or + = 7 and = 1
= 3
= 4.
9. f (x) would become exactly divisible by g(x)
if the remainder is subtracted from f (x).
Let us divide f(x) by g(x) to get the remainder.
x 6
2
+ + 8 x
6 16 12 + 21 x x x
3 2
x
4
+2x x x
3 2
13 12 + 21
x x x
4 3 2
4 + 3

+
+
x x
2
4 + 3
6 24 + 18 x x x
3 2
8 30 + 21 x x
2
8 32 + 24 x x
2
2 3 x
+
Hence, we should subtract 2x 3 from f (x).
10. If 2
3
are zeroes of p(x), then x
( )
2 3 +
and x
( )
2 3 are factors of p(x).
Consequently ( ) { }
2 3 x +
( ) { }
2 3 x
i.e., (x 2)
2
3, i.e., x
2
4x + 1 is factor of
p(x).
Further,
x
2
2 35 x
2 27 + 138 35 x x x
3 2
x x x x
4 3 2
6 26 + 138 35
x x x
4 3 2
4 +

+
+
+
+
x x
2
4 + 1
2 + 8 2 x x x
3 2
35 + 140 35 x x
2
35 + 140 35 x x
2
0
+
Clearly x
2
2x 35 is a factor of p(x)
(x 7)(x 5) is a factor of p(x)
x 7 and x + 5 are factors of p(x)
x 7 = 0 and x + 5 = 0 give other zeroes
of p(x)
x = 7 and x = 5 are other zeroes of p(x).
Hence, 7 and 5 are required zeroes.
11. Hint:
2 2 4 4
2 2 2 2
+
+ =

2 2 2 2
2 2
{( + ) 2} 2
=

.
OR
Given polynomial is:
f (x) = pqx
2
+ (q
2
pr)x qr
Put f (x) = 0 to find roots.
pqx
2
+ (q
2
pr) x qr = 0
pqx
2
+ q
2
x prx qr = 0
qx(px

+ q)

r(px + q) = 0
(px

+ q)(qx

r) = 0
x =
q
p
or x =
r
q
Sum of roots =
q
p
+
r
q
=
2
pr q
pq
=
2
Coefficient of
Coefficient of
x
x
Product of roots =
q r
p q
=
r
p
=
qr
pq
=
2
Constant term
Coefficient of x
.
ASSESSMENT SHEET3
1. (C) Discriminant = 0
b
2

4ac = 0
b
2
=

4ac
LHS = b
2
= positive sign
RHS = 4ac must be positive sign.
c and a have same signs.
2. (D) Required quadratic polynomial
= x
2
(sum of zeroes)x + product of zeroes
= x
2

2 3x

5 3
.
3. p(x)= x
2
ax (a + 1)
At x = 1, p(x) = (1)
2
a( 1) (a + 1)
= 1 + a a 1 = 0
q(x) = ax
2
x (a + 1)
at x = 1, q(x) = a( 1)
2
( 1) (a + 1)
= a + 1 a 1 = 0
Therefore, x + 1 is the common factor of
p(x) and q(x).
4. Correct,
f(x) = x
2
p(x +1) c = x
2
px (c + p)
+ = p; = (c + p)
Now, ( + 1) ( + 1) = + ( + ) + 1
= (c + p) + p + 1
= c p + p + 1
= 1 c.
5. Let f (x) = 6x
3
+ 2 x
2
10x 4 2
As
2
is a zero of f (x), (x
2
) is a factor
of f (x).
Let us divide f(x) by
( )
2 x
.
6 + 7 2 + 4 x x
2
7 2 10 4 2 x x
2
6 10 4 2
3 2
x x x + 2
6 6 2 x x
3 2
+
+
+
x x 7 2 14
2
x 4 4 2
x 4 4 2
0
x 2
f (x) = ( )
2 x
( )
+ +
2
6 7 2 4 x x
= ( )
2 x
( )
+ + +
2
6 3 2 4 2 4 x x x
= ( )
2 x
( ) ( )
+ + 3 2 4 2 1 x x
Hence,
( ) ( )
+ + 3 2 4 2 1 x x gives x =
2 2
3
or x =
1
2
Therefore, other two zeroes are
2 2
3
and
2
2
.
6. p(y) = y
2
+
3 5
2
y 5
Here, a = 1, b =
3 5
2
, c = 5
Discriminant
D = b
2
4ac =
2
3 5
2

4 1 ( 5)
=
45
4
+ 20 =
125
4
Now, y =
3 5 125
D
2 4
2 2 1
b
a
=
3 5 5 5
2 2
2
=
2 5
2
2
or
8 5
2
2
=
5
2
or 2 5
Hence, the zeroes are
5
2
and 2 5 .
7. and are zeroes of f (x) = x
2
x 2
Sum of roots = + =
1
1
= 1 ...(i)
Product of roots = =
2
1
= 2 ...(ii)
(2 + 1) + (2 + 1) = 2( + ) + 2
= 2(1) + 2 [Using (i)]
= 4 ...(iii)
And (2 + 1) (2 + 1) = 4 + 2 + 2 + 1
= 4 + 2 ( + ) + 1
= 4 ( 2) + 2 (1) + 1
[Using (i) and (ii)]
= 5 ...(iv)
Now, required polynomial can be given by
x
2
{(2 + 1) + (2 + 1)}x + (2 + 1)(2 + 1)
i.e., x
2
4x 5. [Using (iii) and (iv)]
8. Let us divide p(x) by 2x
2
5.

3 + 4 + 5
2
x x
x x ax b 8 + 10 + +
3 2
6 + 8 5 x a b
4
+ + x x x
3 2
6 15 x x
4 2
+
+
+
8 20 x x
3
10 + (20 + ) x a x + b
2
10 25 x
2
2 5 x
2
(20 + ) + 25 a x + b
Here, remainder is (20 + a)x + b + 25.
If the polynomial p(x) is exactly divisible
by 2x
2
5, the remainder must be zero.
(20 + a)x + (b + 25) = 0
Comparing the coefficients of like powers
of x between both the sides, we have
20 + a = 0 and 25 + b = 0
a = 20 and b = 25.
ASSESSMENT SHEET4
1. (C) Sum of zeroes =
3 2
3
=
2
Product of zeroes =
1
3
.
2. (B) At x = 2, p(x) = 0, i.e., p(2) = 0
a (2)
2
3 2 (a 1) 1 = 0
4a 6a + 6 1 = 0
a =
5
2
.
3. Sum of zeroes = + = 5
Product of zeroes = = 4
Now,
1
+
1
2 =
+
2
=
5
4
2 4
=
27
4
.
4. Using division algorithm, we have
g(x) (x 2) 2x + 4 = x
3
3x
2
+ x + 2
g(x) =
+
3 2
3 3 2
2
x x x
x
Here, at x = 2, x
3
3x
2
+ 3x 2
= 8 12 + 6 2 = 0
= x
3
3x
2
+ 3x 2
= (x 2) (x
2
x + 1)
=
2
( 2)( 1)
( 2)
x x x
x
+
g(x) = x
2
x + 1.
5. Given s =
2
and p =
3
2
The required polynomial is given by
k [x
2
sx + p]
i.e., k

2
3
2
2
x x
, where k is any real
number.
6. Let f(x) = +
2
4 3 5 2 3 x x
=
2
4 3 8 3 2 3 x x x +
=
4 ( 3 2) 3 ( 3 2) x x x + +
=
( 3 2)(4 3) x x +
To find zeroes of f (x), put f (x) = 0
3 2 0 x + = or 4 3 0 x =

2 2 3
3 3
x = =
or
3
4
x =
Thus, the zeroes are =
2 3
3
and =
3
4
Sum of zeroes = +
=
2 3
3
+
3
4
=
5 3
12
=
5 3
4 3
=
5
4 3
=
2
Coefficient of
Coefficient of
x
x
Product of zeroes = =
2 3
3
.
3
4
=
2 3
4 3
=
2
Constant term
Coefficient of x
.
Hence verified.
7. (i) Let y = p(x)
y = x
2
+ x + 6
The table for some values of x and their
corresponding values of y is given by
x 2 1 0 1 2 3
y 0 4 6 6 4 0
Let us draw the graph of p(x) using this
table.
From the graph, it is clear that the zeroes
of p(x) are 2 and 3.
(ii) Let y = p(x)
y = x
3
4x
The table for some values of x and their
corresponding values of y is given by
x 2 1 0 1 2
y
0 3 0 3 0
Let us draw the graph of p(x) by using this
table.
(2, 0) (2, 0)
(1, 3)
p x x x ( ) = 4
3
X X
Y
Y
3
2
1
1
2
3
3 2 1

1 2 3
(1, 3)
0
From the graph, it is clear that the zeroes of
p(x) are 2, 0 and 2 .
(0,6)
(3, 0) (2, 0)
(2, 4) (1, 4)
(1,6)
p x x x ( ) = + + 6
2
X X
Y
Y
6
5
4
3
2
1
1
2
3
3 2 1

1 2 3 0
8. Let f (x) should be added to p(x) so that the
resulting polynomial is exactly divisible by
g(x). Since the degree of f (x) is less than
that of g(x).
So, f(x) may be ax + b i.e., f(x) = ax + b.
Therefore, the new dividend would be
x
4
+ 2x
3
2x
2
5x + 7 + ax + b,
i.e., x
4
+ 2x
3
2x
2
+ (a 5)x + b + 7
Let us divide this new dividend by g(x).
x
2
+ 1
x a x b
2
+ ( 5) + + 7
x
4
+2x x a x b
3 2
2 + ( 5) + + 7
x x x
4 3 2
+ 2 3
+
+

x x
2
+ 2 3
+ 2 3 x x
2
( 7) + + 10 a x b
Thus, the remainder obtained must be zero.
(a 7)x + b + 10 = 0
(a 7)x + (b + 10) = 0
.
x + 0
a 7 = 0 and b + 10 = 0
a = 7 and b = 10
Hence, f (x) = 7x 10.
CHAPTER TEST
1. (A) + =
5
2
, =
1
2
+ + = 2
So, option (A) is correct.
2. (B)
p(x) = x
2
( + )x +
= x
2
+ x

2
So, option (B) is correct.
3. (B)
Hint: p(x) = x
7
2
x

+

zeroes are given by
x
7
2
x

+

= 0
x = 0 or
7
2
.
So, option (B) is correct.
4. Hint: g(x) =
( ) (7 5 )
2
p x x
x
=
+ + + +
3 2
2 4 5 7 7 5
2
x x x x
x
= x
2
+ 2x + 5.
5. Hint: + =
24
4 5
=
6
5
=
9 5
4 5
=
9
4
.
6. Hint: =
+ = 0
b
a
= 0

3 1
2
k +
= 0 k =
1
3
.
7. Answer may vary.
8. If , and are the zeroes of a cubic
polynomial f(x), then
f(x) = x
3
( + + ) x
2
+ ( + + ) x
Here, + + = 4, + + = 1
and = 6
f(x) = x
3
4x
2
+ x + 6.
9. We know that
Dividend = Quotient Divisor
+ Remainder
Dividend Remainder = Quotient
Divisor
Clearly, RHS of the above result is divisible
by the divisor. Thus, if we subtract remainder
from the dividend, then it will be exactly
divisible by the divisor.
Dividing x
4
+ 2x
3
13x
2
11x + 10 by
x
2
4x

+ 3, we get
x
2
+ 6 + 8 x
6 16 11 +10 x x x
3 2
x x x x
4 3 2
13 11 + 10 + 2
x x x
4 3 2
4 + 3

+

+

+
6 24 + 18 x x x
3 2
8 29 + 10 x x
2
8 32 + 24 x x
2
x x +
2
4 3
3 14 x
Quotient = x
2
6x

+ 8 and
remainder = 3x 14.
Thus, if we subtract the remainder 3x 14
from x
4
+ 2x
3
13x
2
11x + 10, it will be
divisible by x
2
4x + 3.
10. Hint: Since x =
1
3
and
1
3
x = are zeroes.
Therefore,
1 1
3 3
x x

+

will be a
factor of p(x), i.e.,
2
1
3
x is a factor of p(x).

3 15 + 18
2
x x
15 + 18 + 5 6 x x x
3 2
3 15 + 17 + 5 6 x x x x
4 3 2
3x x
4 2
+
15 + 5 x x
3
x 18 6
2
x 18 6
2
0
x
2
3
1
Other zeroes are given by
3x
2
15x + 18 = 0
x
2
5x + 6 = 0
(x 3) (x 2) = 0
x = 3, 2.
11. We have
2
4 3 5 2 3 x x +
=
( )( )
3 2 4 3 x x +
So, the value of
+
2
4 3 5 2 3 x x
is zero
when,
3 2 x +
= 0 or
4 3 x
= 0, i.e., when x =
2
3
or x =
3
4
. Therefore, the zeroes of
2
4 3 + 5 2 3 x x are
2
3
and
3
4
.
Now,
sum of zeroes
2
3
+
3
4
=
5
4 3
=
2
Coefficient of
Coefficient of
x
x
Product of zeroes =

2 3
4 3
=
2 3
4 3
=
2
Constant term
Coefficient of x
.
29
E N I L A U Q E R A T O I N S ... R I A P F O
3
Chapter
PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES
WORKSHEET18
1. (B) Since (3, a) lies on the equation
2x 3y = 5, therefore, (3, a) must satisfy
this equation.
2 (3) 3 (a) = 5
3a = 1 a =
1
3
.
2. (A) Hint:
3 2
=
9 k
k = 6.
3. (C) Hint: The condition of inconsistency of
two equations a
1
x + b
1
y = c
1
and a
2
x + b
2
y = c
2
is given by
1 1 1
2 2 2
=
a b c
a b c
.
4. x = 1, y = 2
Hint: Joining the given equations, we get
80x + 80y = 240
or x + y = 3 ...(i)
Subtracting given first equation from other
one, we get
6x 6y = 6
or x y = 1 ...(ii)
Solving equations (i) and (ii), we obtain
x = 1, y = 2.
5. x = 3, y = 2
Hint: Let
+
1
x y
= u,
1
x y
= v.
Given equations become
10u + 2v = 4 and 15u 5v = 2.
6. False
Let us substitute c = 40, The given
equations become
x 2y = 8
or 5x 10y = 40
Here,
1
5
=
2
10
=
8
40
The equations represent a pair of
coincident lines.
The equations have infinitely many
solutions.
7. The given equations are
4(2x + 3y) = 9 + 7y
and 3x + 2y = 4
or 8x + 5y 9 = 0
3x + 2y 4 = 0
By cross-multiplication, we have
20 + 18
x
=
32 + 27
y
=
1
16 15
2
x
=

5
y
=
1
1
x = 2 and y = 5
Hence, x = 2, y = 5 is the solution of the
given system of equations.
8. To draw a line, we need atleast two
solutions of its corresponding equations.
x + 3y = 6; at x = 0, y = 2 and x = 3, y = 1.
So, two solutions of x + 3y = 6 are:
x 0 3
y
2 1
2x 3y = 12; at x = 0, y = 4 and at x = 6, y = 0
So, two solutions of 2x 3y = 12 are:
Now, we draw the graph of given system
of equations by using their corresponding
solutions given in the above tables.
x 0 6
y
4 0
2. (A) Condition for parallel lines is
1
2
a
a
=
1
2
b
b

1
2
c
c
1
3
=
2
k

3
1
k = 6.
3. (D) As y = 2 and y = 7,
both represent straight lines parallel to
x-axis
y = 2 and y = 7 are parallel lines.
Hence, the given pair of equations has no
solution.
4. The given lines to be coincident, if
12
I
k
=
3
II
k
=
( 3)
III
k
k
Taking I and II, we have
k
2
= 36 k = 6. ...(i)
Taking II and III, we have
k
2
3k = 3k k(k 6) = 0
k = 0 or 6 ... (ii)
Using (i) and (ii), we obtain
k = 6.
5. x = 5, y = 2
Hint: Adding the given equations,
we get 2x + y = 12 ...(i)
Subtracting the given equations,
we get 3x + y = 17 ...(ii)
Now, (i) (ii) x = 5
x = 5
from (ii ) 3(5) + y = 17
y = 2.
6. Yes.
Applying the condition
1
2
a
a
=
1
2
b
b
=
1
2
c
c
We have
1
3
=
2
6
=
3
9
That is true.
Therefore, the pair of equations is consis-
tent with infinitely many solutions.

From the, graph the two lines intersect the
y-axis at (0, 2) and (0, 4).
9. Let the fixed charges and change per km
be Rs. x and Rs. y respectively.
x + 10y = 105 ...(i)
x + 25y = 255 ...(ii)
Subtracting equation (i) from equation (ii),
we get
15y = 150
y = 10 ...(iii)
From equations (i) and (iii), we get
x = 5
Now, the fare for travelling a distance of
35 km
= x + 35y
= 5 + 35 10
= Rs. 355.
Fixed charge = Rs. 5
Charge per km = Rs. 10
Total charge for 35 km = Rs. 355.
WORKSHEET19
1. (C) x 5y = 5.
(2, k) lies on it.
2 5(k) = 5 5(k) = 3
k =
3
5
.
31
7. x =
255
52
, y =
615
104
Hint: The system:
9x 10y + 15 = 0
5x + 6y 60 = 0
By cross-multiplication, we have
1
= =
600 90 540 75 54 + 50
y x

.
8. For equation 3x + y 2 = 0,
For equation 2x 3y 5 = 0,
As the lines corresponding to the given
equations intersect each other at (1, 1),
the required solution is x = 1, y = 1.
9. Let the man's starting salary and fixed
increment be x and y respectively.
x + 4 y = 15000 ...(i)
x + 10 y = 18000 ...(ii)
Equations (i) and (ii) from the required
pair of linear equations. On solving these
two equations, we will find starting salary
of x = Rs. 13000 and fixed increment of
y = Rs. 500.
WORKSHEET20
1. (B) As the lines are intersecting each other,
3
a
2
1
a
3
2
.
2. (D) Line x = a is parallel to y-axis and the
line y = b is parallel to x-axis. These lines
intersect each other at (a, b).
3. 3x y 5 = 0 and 6x 2y k = 0 have no
solution.
These equations represent a piar of
parallel lines.
3
6
=
1
2

5
k
k 10.
4. No.
For infinitely many solutions, the following
condition must be satisfied.
2
=
3
6
=
7
14
But, here
3
6

7
14
as
1
2

1
2
Hence, no value of provides the pair of
infinitely many solutions.
5. The given system of equations can be
written as
ax + by (a b) = 0
bx ay (a + b) = 0
By cross-multiplication,
( + ) ( )
( )
x
b a b a a b
i
=

( + ) + ( )
( )
y
a a b b a b
ii
2 2
1

( )
a b
iii
Taking (i) and (iii) simultaneously,
we get x = 1 and y = 1
x 0 1
y
2 1
x 2 1
y
3 1
Hence x = 1, y = 1 is the solution of the
6. x = 6, y = 4, m = 0
Hint: Take
1
x
= u and
1
y
= v.
7. No; (6, 0) , (4, 0)
Hint: For x + 3y = 6
For 3x + 9y = 12
Let us draw the graph of lines using the
tables obtained above.
In the graph, lines are parallel. So, the pair
of equations is not consistent.
The lines intersect the xaxis at (4, 0) and
(6,0).
8. Let the initial length be x and breadth be y.
Then according to question,
xy 9 = (x 5) (y + 3) ...(i)
and xy + 67 = (x + 3) (y + 2) ...(ii)
Simplifying equations (i) and (ii), we have
3x 5y = 6 ...(iii)
2x + 3y = 61 ...(iv)
On solving (iii) and (iv),
x = 17, y = 9
Hence, length of rectangle is 17 units and
that of breadth is 9 units.
WORKSHEET21
1. (B) Hint: According to the condition of
infinitely many solutions, we reaches at
+ 2 21
= =
2 3 7
a b a b
.
2. (C) Hint: Simplifying the given linear
equations, we have
7 2 8 7
= 5, + = 15
y x y x
Now take
1
x
= u,
1
y
= v; and solve.
3. (D) Let unit's and ten's digit be x and y
respectively.
x + y = 9 ...(i)
10y + x + 27 = 10x + y ...(ii)
Solving equations (i) and (ii), we have
x = 6, y = 3
Hence, the required number is 3 10 + 6,
that is 36.
4. False
.
.
.
Equations are 5x 5y = 3 and
10x 10y 3 = 0
1
2
5 1
10 2
a
a
= =
;
1
2
5 1
10 2
b
b
= =
1
2
3
1
3
c
c
= =

1 1 1
2 2
2
a b c
a
b c
=
lines are parallel.
5. p 6
Hint:
3 5
10 p
p 6
p can take any value but not 6.
6. x =
4
5
a b
a
, y =
+ 4
5
a b
b
Hint:
3 (2 + ) + 2 ( + 2 )
x
b a b b a b
=

2 (2 + ) + 3 ( + 2 )
y
a a b a a b
=
1
2 2 3 3 a b a b
x 0 3
y
2 1
x 1 4
y
1 0
33
Take first and third terms as well as second
and third terms and solve.
7. a = 7, b = 3
Hint: For infinitely many solutions,
2
4
=
( )
( )
4
1
a
a

=
2 1
5 1
b
b
+
Take
1
2
=
4
1
a
a
a = 7
and
1
2
=
2 1
5 1
b
b
+
b = 3.
8. Table for values of x and y as regarding
equation 3x + y 5 = 0 is
Similarly table for equation 2x y 5 = 0 is
Let us draw the graph of lines using the
tables obtained above.
The lines intersect y-axis at (0, 5) and
(0, 5).
9. Let son's present age be x years and father's
present age be y years.
Since, the father's age is 3 years more than
3 times the son's age.
.
.
. y = 3x + 3
3x y = 0 ...(i)
3 years hence, father's age = (y + 3) years
and son's age = (x + 3) years.
Since, 3 years hence, the father's age will
be 10 years more than twice the son's age.
.
.
. y + 3 = 2 (x + 3) + 10
2x + 6 + 10 y 3 = 0
2x y + 13 = 0 ...(ii)
Subtracting equation (ii) from equation (i),
we have
x = 10
Substituting x = 10 in equation (i), we have
y = 3 10 + 3 = 33.
Son's age = 10 years; father's age = 33 years.
OR
Let the speed of train and bus be x km and
y km respectively.
According to the given conditions,
60 240
4 = +
x y
...(i)
Distance
Using Time =
Speed
l
l
l
l
And
10 100 200
4 + = +
60 x y
...(ii)
Putting
1
x
= u and
1
y
= v in (i) and (ii)
and simplifying, we get
15u + 60v = 1 ...(iii)
24u + 48v = 1 ...(iv)
On solving equations (iii) and (iv), we
obtain
u =
1
60
and v =
1
80
i.e., x = 60 and y = 80
Hence, the speed of train is 60 km/hr and
that of bus 80 km/hr.
x 0 1
y
5 2
x 0 1
y
5 3
WORKSHEET22
1. (D) The condition to be coincident for lines
ax + by + c = 0 and dx + ey + f = 0 is given
by
a
d
=
b
e
=
c
f
ae = bd ; bf = ce.
Note: Two lines are coincident if both the
equations follow the condition of infinitely
many solutions.
2. (C) Let the required equation be ax + by + c
= 0.
Then,
2
a
=
6
3

5
c
2
a
=
6
3
= k (say)
a =
2
k, b =
3
k, c any real number
Then,
2
k
3
k + c = 0
Putting c = 1, we have

2
kx
3
ky k = 0

2
x
3
y = 1.
3. (A) For no solutions,
12
k
=
3
k

( 2)
k
k
k = 6
if k = 6
6 3 6 2 4 2
12 6 6 6 3
= = =
True
if k = 6
6 8 3 4
12 6 6 3
= =
True
Required value of k, can be 6 or 6.
4. For infinite number of solutions, we have
+
2
p q
=
3
( 3) p q +
=
7
(4 ) p q +
On solving
+
2
p q
=
3
( 3) p q +
and
+
3
( 3) p q
=
+
7
(4 ) p q
,
we obtain p = 5, q = 1.
5. x = 1, y = 2
Hint: Adding and subtracting the given
two equations, we have
x + y = 3 ...(i)
and x y = 1 ...(ii)
Now, solve equations (i) and (ii).
6. x = a
2
, y = b
2
Hint: Given system of linear equations may
be written as
bx + ay ab (a + b) = 0
b
2
x + a
2
y 2 a
2
b
2
= 0
Solve these two equations by the method
of cross-multiplication.
7. Let the two digits number be 10x + y.
Since ten's digit exceeds twice the unit's
digit by 2
x = 2y + 2
x 2y 2 = 0 ...(i)
Since the number obtained by inter-
changing the digits, i.e., 10y + x is 5 more
than three times the sum of the digits.
.
.
. 10y + x = 3 (x + y) + 5
2x 7y + 5 = 0 ...(ii)
On solving equations (i) and (ii), we obtain
x = 8 and y = 3
.
.
. 10x + y = 83
Hence, the required two digits number
is 83.
8. Tables for equations 3x + y 11 = 0 and
x y 1 = 0 are respectively.
and
Let us draw the graph.
x 3 4
y
2 1
x 0 1
y
1 3
35
From the graph, it is clear that the lines
intersect each other at a point A(3, 2). So
the solution is x = 3, y = 2.
The line 3x + y 11 = 0 intersects the
y-axis at B(0, 11) and the line x y 1 = 0
intersects the y-axis at C (0, 1). Draw the
perpendicular AM from A on the y-axis
intersect it at M.
Now, in ABC,
base BC = 11 + 1 = 12 units, height
AM = 3 units.
.
.
. ar(ABC) =
1
2
base height
=
1
2
12 3 = 18 sq. units
x = 3, y = 2 ; Area = 18 sq. units.
9. Speed of boat = 6 km/hr,
Speed of stream = 2 km/hr
Hint: Let the speed of boat in still water =
x km/h and the speed of stream = y km/h
12 40
+ = 8
x y x + y
...(i)
Distance
Using Time
Speed
l
l =
l
l
16 32
+ = 16
x y x + y
...(ii)
Put x y = u, x + y = v and solve further
find x and y.
OR
Let each boy receive Rs. x and the number
of boys be y. Then sum of money which is
distributed is Rs. xy.
Had there been 10 boys more, each would
have received a rupee less,
.
.
. (y + 10) (x 1) = xy
10x y = 10 ...(i)
Had there been 15 boys fewer, each would
have received Rs 3 more,
.
.
. (y 15) (x + 3) = xy
5x y = 15 ...(ii)
Solving (i) and (ii), we get
x = 5 and y = 40
.
.
. xy = 200
Hence, sum of money = Rs. 200
And number of boys = 40.
WORKSHEET23
1. (A) Here, =
3 2 9
6 9 5
.
.
. Lines are parallel.
2. (B) As the given equation are homogeneous
so only solution will be x = 0 and y = 0.
3. (C)
Hint: Put
1
x
= u ,
1
y
= v and solve.
4. The given equations have a unique solution

a
l

b
m
am bl.
5. The given equation can be written as
6ax + 6by = 3a + 2ab ...(i)
and 6bx 6ay = 3b 2a ...(ii)
Multiplying equation (i) by a and (ii) by b
and adding the results, we have
6(a
2
+ b
2
) = 3(a
2
+ b
2
)
x =
1
2
Substituting x =
1
2
in equation (i), we have
6
2
a
+ 6by = 3a + 2b
6by = 2b y =
1
3
Thus, the solution is x =
1
2
, y =
1
3
.
6. a = 5, b = 1
Hint: Two linear equations a
1
x + b
1
y + c
1
= 0
and a
2
x + b
2
y + c
2
= 0 have infinite number
of solutions if
1 1 1
2 2 2
= =
a b c
a b c
.
7. Given system of linear equations can be
written as
(a + 2b) x + (2a b) y 2 = 0
(a 2b) x + (2a + b) y 3 = 0

3 (2 ) + 2 (2 + )
( )
x
a b a b
i

=
3 ( + 2 ) + 2 ( 2 )
( )
y
a b a b
ii
1
=
( + 2 ) (2 + ) (2 ) ( 2 )
( )
a b a b a b a b
iii
Taking (i) and (iii),
5 2
=
10
b a
x
ab
Again taking (ii) and (iii),
+10
10
a b
y
ab
=
Thus,
5 2
=
10
b a
x
ab
,
+10
=
10
a b
y
ab
is the
solution of the given system of equations.
8. Speed of rowing = 6 km/hr,
Speed of current = 4 km/hr
Hint:
2 (x + y) = 20
[Time Speed = Distance]
2 (x y) = 4
Where, x = speed of rowing and,
y = speed of current.
OR
Let fare from A to B and from A to C be
Rs. x and Rs. y respectively.
According to the given conditions,
2x + 3y = 795 ...(i)
3x + 5y = 1300 ...(ii)
Solving eqn. (i) and (ii), we obtain
x = 75, y = 215
Hence, fares from A to B is Rs. 75 and
from A to C is Rs. 215.
9. Let us make the table for the values of x
and corresponding to the equation
2x + y 8 = 0
Similarly, for the equation x y 1 = 0
Let us draw the graph.
x 2 4
y
4 0
x 4 3
y
3 2
37
From the graph, the lines intersect each
other at the point A(3,2). Therefore, the
solution is x = 3, y = 2.
The lines intersect the y-axis at B(0,8) and
C (0, 1).
To find the area of the shaded portion,
that is, ABC, draw perpendicular AM
from A on the y-axis to intersect it in M.
Now, AM = 3 units and BC = 8 + 1 = 9 units.
.
.
. ar(ABC) =
1
2
BC AM
=
1
2
9 3
=
27
2
sq. units
x = 3, y = 2; Area = 13.5 sq.units.
WORKSHEET24
1. (C) For unique solution,
4
2

2
p
p 4.
2. (A) In the case of no solution,
3
6
=
1
2

5
k
k 10.
3. (D) x = 80, y = 30
Hint: x + 2y = 140, 3x + 4y = 360.
4. True
According to the conditions of consistency,
either
2 2
5 5 1
3 3
or = =
3 3
5 5 3
2 2
Clearly, the first condition holds. Hence,
the system of equations is consistent with
a unique solution.
5. For infinitely many solutions,
+
3
p q
=
2( )
4
p q
=
(5 1)
12
p
4p + 4q = 6p 6q and
12p 12q = 15p + 3
2p 10q = 9
and 3p 12q = 3
p = 5, q = 1.
6. x = 1, y = 1,
Hint: Take
1
3x y +
= u,
1
3x y
= v
given equation can be written as:
u + v =
3
4
4u + 4v = 3
and
1
2
u
1
2
v =
1
8
4u 4v = 1.
7. x =
1
2
, y =
1
3
Hint: Put
1
x
= u and
1
y
= v.
8. Table for values of x and y corresponding
to equation 4x 5y 20 = 0 is
Similarly for the equation 3x + 5y 15 = 0
Let us draw the graphs for the two equations.
x 5 0
y
0 4
x 5 0
y
0 3
As the graphs of the two lines intersect
each other at the point A(5, 0), the required
solution is x = 5, y = 0.
The graphs intersect the y-axis at B (0, 3)
and C(0, 4). Therefore, the coordinates of
vertices of the triangle ABC are A(5, 0),
B(0, 3) and C(0, 4).
x = 5, y = 0 and (5, 0), (0, 3), (0, 4).
9. Let speeds of two cars that start from places
A and B be x km/hr and y km/hr respec-
tively.
Case I: When two cars travel in same direction.
Let the cars meet At C
Distance travelled by the car that starts
from A
AC = 5 x
Similarly distance for other car
BC = 5 y
.
.
. AC BC = 5x 5y
5x 5y = 100
x y = 20 ...(i)
Case II: When two cars travel in opposite
directions.
Let the cars meet at D
Distance travelled by the car that starts
from A
AD= 1 x
Similarly distance for other car
BD= 1 y
.
.
. AD + BD = x + y
x + y = 100 ...(ii)
Solving equations (i) and (ii), we get
x = 60 and y = 40
Hence, speeds of two cars that start from
place A and B are 60 km/h and 40 km/h
respectively.
WORKSHEET25
1. (C) The given equations represent to be
parallel lines if
2( 1)
3
k
=
1
1

1
1
k 1 =
3
2
k =
1
2
.
2. (D) For the point of intersection of any line
with x-axis, put y = 0
.
.
. 3x + 7 (0) = 3
x = 1
So the required point is ( 1, 0).
3. (B) x y = 0 ...(i)
2x y = 2 ...(ii)
+
x = 2 (Subtracting)
.
.
. x = 2.
Further y = x = 2.
4. For inconsistency,
+2
2
k
=
6
3

2
(3 2)
4
k +
k + 2 = 4 and (3k + 2)
2
8
k = 2 and k
1
3
( )
2 2 2
Hence, k = 2.
5. m 4
Hint:
2
2 1
m
.
6. Given system of equations can be written
as
2x + 3y 18 = 0 ...(i)
x 2y 2 = 0 ...(ii)
Now,
2 3
1 2
Hence the system has unique solution.
Now, by cross-multiplication on (i) and (ii),
we get
39
6 36
x
=
4 + 18
y
=
1
4 3
x = 6, y = 2
Thus, the solution of given system is
x = 6, y = 2.
7. x = 5, y = 1
Hint: Take
1 1
= =
+
u, v
x y x y
and solve.
8. Let Meena received x notes of Rs. 50 and y
notes of Rs. 100
Since total number of notes is 25
.
.
. x + y = 25 ...(i)
Since the value of both types of notes is
Rs. 2000.
.
.
. 50x + 100y = 2000
and x + 2y = 40 ...(ii)
x = 10, y = 15
Hence, Meena received 10 notes of Rs. 50
and 15 notes of Rs. 100.
OR
Let the length and breadth of rectangle be
x units and y units respectively.
Then area of rectangle = xy sq. units
Case I: The length is increased and breadth
is reduced by 2 units.
.
.
. (x + 2) (y 2) = xy 28
xy 4 2 x + 2 y = xy 28
x y = 12 ...(i)
Case II: The length is reduced by 1 unit
and breadth increased by 2 units.
(x 1) (y + 2) = xy + 33
xy 2 y + 2x = xy + 33
2x y = 35 ...(ii)
x = 23 and y = 11
Hence, the length of the rectangle is 23
units and the breadth is 11 units.
9. The given linear equations are
4x y 8 = 0 ...(i)
and 2x 3y + 6 = 0 ...(ii)
To draw the graphs of the equations (i)
and (ii), we need atleast two solutions of
each of the equations. These solutions are
given below:
Plot the points A(0, 8), B(2, 0), C(0, 2)
and D( 3, 0) on graph paper and join them
to form the lines AB and CD as shown in
figure.
The graphs of these lines intersect each
other at P(3, 4). So, unique solution:
x = 3, y = 4.
Also, the graphs meet the x-axis at D( 3, 0)
and B(2, 0).
Hence, the triangle formed by the lines
is PBD with vertices P(3, 4), B(2, 0) and
D( 3, 0).
x 0 2
y = 4x 8
8 0
x 0 3
y
2 6
3
x +
2 0
WORKSHEET26
1. (C) For coincident lines,
1
2
=
2
k
=
7
14
k = 4.
2. (A) The given system of equations can be
written as
x + 2y = 140, 3x + 4y = 360
Solving this system, we obtain
x = 80, y = 30.
3. Adding the given equations, we have
3x = 0 x = 0
Substituting x = 0 in any of the given
equations, we get y = 0
Hence, the required solution is x = 0, y = 0.
4. False
Hint: As
1
2
a
a
=
2
4
,
1
2
b
b
=
5
10
,
1
2
c
c
= 6
.
.
.
1
2
=
1
2
6
They are parallel.
5. a = 1, b =
5
2
Hint:
2 (2 + 5) 5
= =
2 + 1 9 15
a
b
.
6. Put
1
x
= u and
1
y
= v in given system of
equations.
u + v 7 = 0 ...(i)
2u + 3v 17 = 0 ...(ii)
1
= =
17 + 21 17 + 14 3 2
u v

u = 4, v = 3
x =
1
4
, y =
1
3
Hence, x =
1
4
, y =
1
3
is the solution of the
7. x = 2, y = 5 and m = 1
Hint: 2x + 3y = 11
11 2
=
3
x
y
Substitute this value of y in 2x 4y = 24
and solve for x.
8. The given system of linear equations is
2x y 5 = 0 ...(i)
3x + y 5 = 0 ...(ii)
To draw the graph of equations (i) and (ii),
we need atleast two solutions of each of
the equations, which are given below:
Using these points, we are drawing the
graphs of lines as shown below:
From the graph, the lines intersect each
other at the point P(2, 1). Therefore, the
solutions is x = 2, y = 1.
The lines meet the y-axis at the points
Q(0, 5) and R(0, 5).
9. Let the fixed charge and additional charge
for each day be Rs. x and Rs. y respectively.
x 0 4
y = 2x 5
5 3
x 0 3
y =
3 5
3
x+
5 4
41
To solve the system for x and y, using the
method of cross-multiplication, we have
+ ( ) ( )
x
q p q p p q
=
+ +
( ) ( )
y
p p q q p q
=
2 2
1
p q
2 2

x
p q
=
2 2

y
p q
=
2 2
1
p q
x = 1, y = 1.
8. The given system of equations can be
written as
3x 4y 1 = 0 ...(i)
6x 15y = 0 ...(ii)
To draw the graph, we need atleast two
solutions for each of the equations (i) and
(ii), which are given below:
Let us draw the graph to use these points.
From the graph, it is clear that the lines are
parallel. Hence, the given system of
equations is inconsistent.
Since saritha paid Rs. 27 for a book kept
for 7 days
.
.
. x + 4y = 27 ...(i)
Also, Susy paid Rs. 21 for the book kept
for 5 days
.
.
. x + 2y = 21 ...(ii)
Subtracting equation (ii) from (i), we get
2y = 6 y = 3
Again substituting y = 3 in equation (ii),
we get
x = 15
Hence, the fixed charge is Rs. 15 and
additional charge for each day is Rs 3.
OR
Son's age = 10 years, father's age = 40 years.
Hint: Let the present age of father and son
be x and y years respectively.
.
.
. x + 5 = 3 (y + 5)
And x 5 = 7 (y 5).
WORKSHEET27
1. (A) Hint: In a cyclic quadrilateral,
A + C = 180 and B + D = 180.
2. (C) Hint: Both lines are passing through
the origin.
3. (A) For infinite number of solutions,
2
p + q
=
2
3
p q
=
21
7
p + q = 6 and 2p q = 9
p = 5 , q = 1.
4. False, as a + 5b = 10.
5. False, x = 4, y = 1 does not satisfy the
second equation.
6. No solution
Hint: 2x + 3y = 7, 6x + 9y = 11
Here,
2 3 7
=
6 9 11
Parallel lines.
7. The given system of linear equations can
be written as
px + qy (p q) = 0
qx py (p + q) = 0
x 3 7
y =
3 1
4
x
2 5
x
3
2
11
2
y =
6 15
8
x +
3 6
9. Let the fraction be
x
y
On adding 1 to each of numerator and
denominator, the fraction becomes
6
5
.
.
.
+1 6
=
+1 5
x
y
5x + 5 = 6y + 6
5x 6y = 1 ...(i)
Further, on subtracting 5 from each of
numerator and denominator, the fraction
becomes
3
2
.
.
.
5 3
=
5 2
x
y
2x 10 = 3y 15
2x 3y = 5 ...(ii)
x = 11, y = 9
Hence, the required fraction is
11
9
.
OR
Rs. 6000, Rs. 5250
Hint: Let incomes of x and y be 8x and 7x
respectively; and expenditures of them be
19y and 16y respectively.
8x 19y = 1250 ...(i)
7x 16y = 1250 ...(ii)
WORKSHEET28
1. (A)
Hint:
3 3
= =
12
k k
k k
.
2. (C) The condition that the given system of
equations has unique solution is represen-
ted by
1
2
a
a

1
2
b
b
.
3. (B) The condition that the given system of
equations represents parallel lines is
+
+
2
1
3 1
p
p
=
2
3
p

5
2
5p = 5 p = 1.
4. (A) Multiplying first equation by 2 and
the other one by 3 and adding, we get
21.8x = 10.9 x =
1
2
Substituting x =
1
2
in any of the given
equations, we have y =
1
3
.
x =
1
2
, y =
1
3
.
5. True
The condition for parallel lines is
2
6
=
2
6

3
5

1
3
=
1
3

3
5
The condition holds. The lines are parallel.
6. x = a
2
, y = b
2
Hint: Put
1
x
= u and
1
y
= v.
7. Given system of linear equations can be
written as:
(a b) x + (a + b) y (a
2
2ab b
2
) = 0
(a + b) x + (a + b) y (a
2
+ b
2
) = 0
By cross - multiplication,
2 2 2 2
( + )( + ) + ( + ) ( 2 )
x
a b a b a b a ab b
2 2 2 2

=
( )( + ) + ( + ) ( 2 )
y
a b a b a b a ab b
1
=
( ) ( + ) ( + ) ( + ) a b a b a b a b

2 2
1
= =
2 ( + )
2 ( + ) 4
y x
b a b
b a b ab
Hence, the solution of given system of
equations is
x = a + b, y =
2
+
a b
a b
.
43
8. To draw graph of the equation, we need
atleast two solutions.
Two solutions of the equation
4x + 3y 24 = 0 are mentioned in the
following table:
Similarly, two solutions of each of the
equations 2x y 2 = 0 and y + 4 = 0 are
respectively.
and
Using the tables obtained above, let us
draw the graph.
Observing the graph, the lines meet each
of her pairwise in A(3, 4), B(1, 4) and
C(9, 4).
Hence, the vertices of the triangle ABC
so obtained are A(3, 4), B(1, 4) and
C(9, 4).
area of ABC =
1
2
base height
=
1
2
10 8 = 40 sq. unit.
9. Rs. 600, Rs. 700
Hint: Let cost price of trouser be Rs. x and
that of shirt Rs. y. Then
125 110
+ = 1520
100 100
110 125
+ = 1535
100 100
x y
x y
'
1
1
1
11
!
1
1
1
1
1+
25 +22 = 30400
22 +25 = 30700
x y
x y
'
1
1
!
1
1+
OR
6 l of 50% and 4 l of 25%.
Hint: Let x litres of 50% acid and y litres of
25% acid should be mixed.
50 25 40
+ = ( + )
100 100 100
+ =10
x y x y
x y
'
1
1
1
!
1
1
1+

2 = 3
+ = 10
x y
x y
'
1
1
!
1
1+
WORKSHEET29
1. (C) x = 9, y = 6
Hint: x y = 3 and 2x + 3y = 36.
2. (D)
3
18
p
=
6
24

50
75
2
p
=
3
2

2
3
p =
3
.
3. (A) Solving 3x 2y = 4 and 2x + y = 5, we
have x = 2, y = 1.
Now, substituting these values of x and y
in y = 2x + m, we have 1 = 2 2 + m
m = 3.
x 0 6
y
8 0
x 0 1
y
2 0
x 0 4
y
4 4
4. x = b, y = a
Hint: a
2
x b
2
y = ab (a + b), ax by = 2ab
Solving the equation we get x = b
1
, y = a.
5. For inconsistency,
12
=
3

2
= 36 and
3
2
3
= 6 and 0 or 6 = 6.
6. x =
22
5
a
, y =
26
5
b
Hint: 4bx + 3ay 2ab = 0
3bx + ay 8ab = 0.
7. 3x + 2y = 800.
12x + 8y = 3000; Not possible
Hint: Let cost of 1 chair be Rs. x and that
of 1 table be Rs. y.
3x + 2y = 800, 12x + 8y = 3000.
8. Let the actual prices of tea-set and lemon-
set be Rs. x and Rs. y respectively
Case I: Selling price cost price = Profit
0.95x + 1.15y (x + y) = 7
0.05x + 0.15y = 7 ...(i)
Case II: Selling price Cost price = Profit
1.05x + 1.10y (x + y) = 13
0.05x + 0.10y = 13 ...(ii)
x = 100 , y = 80
Hence, actual prices of tea-set and lemon-
set are Rs. 100 and Rs. 80 respectively.
OR
The person invested Rs. 500 at the rate of
12% per year and Rs. 700 at the rate of
10% per year.
Hint: Let the person invested Rs. x at the
rate of 12% per year and Rs. y at the rate
of 10 % per year
10 12
+
100 100
y x
= 130
6x + 5y = 6500 ...(i)
and
12 10
+
100 100
y x
= 134
5x + 6y = 6700 ...(ii)
Adding and subtracting (i) and (ii), we get
x + y = 1200 ...(iii)
x y = 200 ...(iv)
9. Two solutions of 6y = 5x + 10 are:
Two solutions of y = 5x 15 are
Now, we draw the graph of the system on
the same coordinate areas.

(i) From the graph, we look that the two
lines intersect each other at A(4, 5).
(ii) The vertices of the triangle : A (4, 5);
B (2, 0); C (3, 0).
Height of ABC corresponding to the
base BC,
h = 5 units
and base, b = BC = 5 units
Now, ar(ABC) =
1
2
b h
=
1
2
5 5
= 12.5 square units.
x 2 4
y
0 5
x 3 2
y
0 5
45
Solving equations (iii) and (v), we have
x =
3
2
; y =
1
2
.
Therefore, xy =
3
4
Solving equations (iv) and (vi), we have
x =
1
4
; y =
3
4
Therefore, xy =
3
16
.
Hence, xy =
3
4
or
3
16
.
6. Given equations can be written as
x
a
+
y
b
(a + b)

2 = 0
2
x
a
+
2
y
b
2 = 0
Let us apply cross-multiplication method
to solve these equations.
+ +
2
2 1
x
a
b b b
=
2
2 1
y
b
a a a
+ +
=
2 2
1
1 1
ab ba
+
2
b x
b a
=
+
2
a y
a b
=
2 2
a b
a b
Taking
+
2
b x
b a
=
2 2
a b
a b
and
+
2
a y
a b
=
2 2
a b
a b
x =
2 2
2
( )
( )
a b a b
b a b

and y =
2 2
2
( )
( )
a b a b
a a b
x = a
2
and y = b
2
.
7. Given equations of lines are:
3x + y + 4 = 0 ...(i)
and 6x 2y + 4 = 0 ...(ii)
To draw the graphs of lines (i) and (ii), we
need atleast two solutions of each equation.
ASSESSMENT SHEET5
1. (C) Let us check option (C).
2
3
x +
5
2
y =
2
3
( 3) +
5
2
( 2) = 2 5 = 7
3x
1
2
y = 3 ( 3)
1
2
( 2) = 9 + 1 = 8.
2. (D) 4
x y
= 4
2
x y = 2 ...(i)
x 2y = 8 ...(ii)
+
y = 6
x + y = 10
from (i) x = 4.
3. For coincident lines
1
2
a
a
=
1
2
b
b
=
1
2
c
c
2
a b +
=
3
3 a b +
=
7
4a b +
a 5b = 0.
4. False, because the given pair of equations
has infinitely many solutions at k = 40 only.
5. Given equations are
2
y x
. (x + y) = 1
x + y =
1
2
y x
...(i)
and (x + y)
x y
= 2 ...(ii)
Substituting the value of x + y from
equation (i) in equation (ii), we get

1
2
x y
y x
= 2
(2
x y
)
x y
= 2
1
(x y)
2
= 1
x y = 1
x y = 1 ...(iii)
or x y = 1 ...(iv)
Substituting x y = 1 and x y = 1 in
equation (ii), we get respectively
x + y = 2 ...(v)
and x + y =
1
2
...(vi)
For equation (i), two solutions are:
For equation (ii), two solutions are:
Let us draw the graphs of the lines (i)
and (ii)
x
a
+
y
b
2 = 0

From the graph it is clear that the two lines
intersect each other at a point, P (1, 1),
therefore, the pair of equations consistent.
The solution is x = 1, y = 1.
8. Let the cost price of the saree and the list
price of the sweater be Rs. x and Rs. y
respectively. Now two cases arise.
Case I:
Sale price of the saree = x + x
8
100
=
108
100
x
Sale price of the sweater = y y
10
100
=
90
100
y
108
100
x +
90
100
y = 1008
108x + 90y = 100800 ...(i)
Case II:
Sale price of the saree = x + x
10
100
=
110
100
x
Sale price of the sweater = y y
8
100
=
92
100
y
110
100
x +
92
100
y = 1028
110x + 92y = 102800 ...(ii)
Adding equations (i) and (ii), we get
218x + 182y = 203600 ...(iii)
Subtracting equation (i) from (ii), we get
2x + 2y = 2000
or 218x + 218y = 218000 ...(iv)
(Multiplying by 109)
Solving equation (iii) and (iv), we have
x = 600 and y = 400
Hence, the cost price of the saree is
Rs. 600 and the list price of the sweater is
Rs. 400.
ASSESSMENT SHEET6
1. (B) For no solution,
3
12
=
7
2k

+ 4 1
k
k
3
12
=
7
2k
k = 14.
2. (B) For infinitely many solutions,
13
39
=
6
k
=
+ 4
k
k
Taking
13
39
=
6
k
k = 2.
x 0 3
y
4 5
x 0 2
y
2 8
47
3. x = a and y = k must satisfy both the given
equations. Let us substitute these values of
x and y in
bx ay + 2ab = 0
b (a) ak + 2ab = 0
ak + ab = 0
k = b.
4. Yes, because
1
2
a
a
=
1
2
b
b
=
1
2
c
c
, i.e.,
1
3
=
2
6
=
3
9
.
5. Given equations are:
4x + 5y = 2
(5p + 2q)x + (4p 2q)y = p + q + 3
Here, a
1
= 4, b
1
= 5, c
1
= 2,
a
2
= 5p + 2q, b
2
= 4p 2q,
c
2
= p q 3
For infinitely many solutions,
1
2
a
a
=
1
2
b
b
=
1
2
c
c
+
4
5 2 p q
=
5
4 2 p q
=
2
3 p q
Taking
+
4
5 2 p q
=
+
5
4 2 p q
25p + 10q = 16p 8q
9p = 18q
p = 2q ...(i)
Also, taking
+
4
5 2 p q
=
2
3 p q
10p 4q = 4p 4q 12
p = 2
Substitute p = 2 in equation p = 2q to get
q = 1.
Hence, p = 2, q = 1.
6. Given system of equations is
43x + 67y = 24 ...(i)
67x + 43y = 24 ...(ii)
Adding (i) and (ii); and subtracting (i) from
(ii), we get respectively.
110x + 110y = 0
and 24x 24y = 48
i.e. x + y = 0 ...(iii)
and x y = 2 ...(iv)
Adding equations (iii) and (iv); and
subtracting equation (iv) from (iii), we get
respectively.
x = 1 and y = 1.
7. One of the given equation is
2x + y = 14 ...(i)
Here, at x = 0, y = 4
and at x = 2, y = 0
Two solutions of equation(i) are given in
the following table:
Another given equation is
2x y = 4 ...(ii)
Two solutions of equation (ii) are given by
the following table:
Let us draw the graph of the two equations
(i) and (ii) by using their corresponding
tables.
x 0 2
y
4 0
x 0 2
y
4 0
From the graph, vertices of the triangle
ABC are A(0,4), B(0, 4) and C(2, 0).
ar(ABC) =
1
2
base height
=
1
2
AB OC
=
1
2
(4 + 4) 2
= 8 square units.
Thus, area of the triangle is 8 square units.
8. Let Anand had a total of x oranges; and he
makes lot A of p oranges and lot B of
remaining x p oranges. There are two
cases now.
Case I:
Selling price of lot A= Rs.
2
3
p
Selling price of lot B = Rs. (x p)
2
3
p + x p = 400
3x p = 1200 ...(i)
Case II:
Selling price of lot A= Rs. p
Selling price of lot B = Rs.
4
5
(x p)
p +
4
5
(x p) = 460
4x + p = 2300 ...(ii)
Add equations (i) and (ii) to get
7x = 3500
x = 500
Hence Anand had a total number of 500
oranges.
CHAPTER TEST
1. (C) A pair of linear equations is said to
consistent, if the lines intersect each other
at a point or coincide.
2. (C) 6, 36
Hint: Let the son's age = x,
father's age = y
y = 6x
and y + 4 = 4(x + 4)
Solve yourself.
3. (C) The lines are coincident
3
6
=
1
k
=
8
16
k = 2.
4. Yes,
For consistency,
Either
2
4
a
a

2
b
b
or
2
4
a
a
=
2
b
b
=
2
a
b
Here the relation
2
4
a
a
=
2
b
b
=
2
a
a
,
i.e.,
1
2
=
1
2
=
1
2
holds.
The pair is consistent.
5. 21x + 47y = 110
47x + 21y = 162
+ + +
68x + 68y = 272
x + y = 4 ...(i)
Subtracting the given equation, we get
26x + 26y = 52
x y = 2 ...(ii)
Solve equation (i) and (ii) and we get
x = 3, y = 1.
6. We are given
+
2xy
x y
=
3
2
...(i)
and
2
xy
x y
=
3
10
...(ii)
Taking equation (i)

+
2xy
x y
=
3
2
3x + 3y = 4xy ...(iii)
Now, Taking equation (ii)
2
xy
x y
=
3
10
49
6x + 3y = 10xy ...(iv)
Multiplying equation (iii) by 2 and adding
its with (iv), we get
9y = 18xy
x =
1
2
Putting x =
1
2
in equation (iv), we get
3 + 3y = 5xy
y =
3
2
This, x =
1
2
and y =
3
2
.
7. The given system of equations will have
infinite number of solutions if
1
a b
=
+
2
a b
=
+
1
2 a b
1
a b
=
+
1
2 a b
and
+
2
a b
=
+
1
2 a b
a + b 2 = a b and
2a + 2b 4 = a + b
a + b a + b = 2 and a + b = 4
b = 1 and a = 3
Hence, the given system of equations will
have infinite number of solutions, if
a = 3, b = 1.
8. Let the cost price of saree be Rs. x and list
price of sweater be Rs. y.
Profit on a saree = 8%
Selling price of a saree = x +
8
100
x
=
108
100
x
Discount on a sweater = 10%
Selling price of a sweater = y
10
100
y
=
90
100
y.
According to condition, we have
+
90 108
100 100
y x
= 1008
108x + 90y = 100800
6x + 5y = 5600 ...(i)
If profit on a saree is 10% and discount on
a table is 8%, then total selling price is
Rs. 1028.

+ +

8 10
100 100
y x
x y
= 1028
+
92 110
100 100
y x
= 1028
110x + 92y = 102800
55x + 46y = 51400 ...(ii)
Multiplying eqn. (i) by 55 and eqn. (ii) by
6, we get
330x + 275y = 308000 ...(iii)
330x + 276y = 308400 ...(iv)
Subtract eqn. (iv) from eqn. (iii), we get
y = 400
the value of y, put in eqn. (i), we have
x = 600
Cost price of saree = Rs. 600
List price of sweater = Rs. 400.
9. To draw the graph of a line, we are
required atleast two solutions of its
corresponding equation.
At x = 0, 5x y = 5 gives y = 5
At x = 1, 5x y = 5 gives y = 0
Thus, two solutions of 5x y = 5 are given
in the following table:
x 0 1
y
5 0
Similarly, we can find the solutions of each
remaining equation as given in the
following tables:
x 2 4
y
5 7
x 9 1
y
4 0
x + 2y = 1
6x + y = 17
Now, we will draw the graphs of the three
lines on the same coordinate axes.
From the graph, it is clear that the lines
form a triangle ABC with vertices A(1, 0),
B(3, 1) and C(2, 5).
51
A I R T G N L S E
A
D F
E
B C
4
Chapter
TRIANGLES
WORKSHEET33
1. (A) ABC ~ DEF
2
2
AB
DE
=
2
2
BC
EF
=
2
2
AC
DF
=
( ABC)
( DEF)
ar
ar
Taking
2
2
BC
EF
=
( ABC)
( DEF)
ar
ar
2
2
BC
(15.4)
=
64
121
BC =
64 15.4 15.4
121
BC = 11.2 cm.
2. (D) Observing the figure, we obtain
A= R, B = Q, C = P
ABC ~ RQP.
3. Yes.
Here, 26
2
= 24
2
+ 10
2
= 676
AC
2
= AB
2
+ BC
2
ABC is a right triangle.
4. In ABC, LM || CB

=
AM AL
AB AC
(i)
(Basic Proportionality Theorem)
Similarly in ADC,

=
AN AL
AD AC
(ii)
Comparing equations (i) and (ii), we have
=
AM AN
AB AD
. Hence proved.
5. As 1 = 2
PQ = PR (i)
QR
QS
=
QT
PR
(Given)
QR
QS
=
QT
PQ
[Using (i)]
and 1 = 1 (Common)
PQS ~ TQR (SAS criterion)
Hence proved.
6. 1 : 4
Hint: ar(DEF) =
1
4
ar ABC
( DEF)
( ABC)
ar
ar
=
1
4
.
7. 13 m
Hint: Distance between tops = AD
AD=
+
2 2
AE DE
=
2 2
(5) (12) +
= 13 m.
8. Hint: Use Pythagoras Theorem.
9. Statement: If a line is drawn parallel to
one side of a triangle to intersect the other
two sides at distinct points, the other two
sides are divided in the same ratio.
Proof: ABC is a given triangle in which
DE || BC. DE intersects AB and AC at D
and E respectively.
We have to prove
AD
BD
=
AE
CE
Let us draw EM AB and DN AC. Join
BE and CD.
2. (D) DC
2
= BC
2
+ BD
2
= BC
2
+
_

,
2
AB
2
= BC
2
+
1
4
(AC
2
BC
2
)
= 9 +
1
4
(25 9) = 9 + 4 = 13
DC =
13
cm.
3. (C)
Hint: As DE
BC
AD
DB
=
AE
EC
2 1
3
x
x
=
2 5
1
x +
x
.
4. DE BC and DB is transversal
EDA= ABC
(Alternate interior angles)
Similarly, AED= ACB
Consequently, ADE ~ ACB
(AA similarity)
2
2
AD
AB
=
( ADE)
( ABC)
ar
ar
2
2
AD
9AD
=
( ADE)
153
ar
ar(ADE) = 17cm
2
.
5. No.
Here,
DP
PE
=
5
10
=
1
2
And
DQ
QF
=
6
18
=
1
3
DP
PE

DQ
QF
Therefore, PQ is not parallel to EF.
6. Hint: Use Basic Proportionality Theorem.
Now, ar(ADE) =
1
2
base height
=
1
2
AD EM ...(i)
Also, ar(ADE) =
1
2
AE DN ...(ii)
ar(BDE) =
1
2
BD EM ...(iii)
ar(CDE) =
1
2
CE DN ...(iv)
Dividing equation (i) by equation (iii) and
equation (ii) by equation (iv), we have
( ADE)
( BDE)
ar
ar
=
AD
BD
...(v)
and
( ADE)
( CDE)
ar
ar
=
AE
CE
...(vi)
But ar(BDE) = ar(CDE) ...(vii)
(Triangles are on the same base and
between the same parallels BC and DE)
Comparing equations (v), (vi) and (vii), we
have
AD
BD
=
AE
CE
.
2nd Part:
As B = C
AB = AC
AD + DB = AE + EC
AD= AE (
.
.
.
BD = EC)
AD
DB
=
AE
EC
By converse of Basic Proportionality
Theorem, DE BC.
Hence proved.
WORKSHEET 34
1. (A) BAC ~ ADC
BC
AC
=
AC
DC
y
2
= 16 4 y = 8 cm.
53
A I R T G N L S E
A
D
B C
7. As AB = BC = AC
AD BC BD =
1
2
BC
Using Pythagoras Theorem
AB
2
= AD
2
+ BD
2
AD
2
= AB
2
_

,
2
1
BC
2
=
2
3AB
4
4AD
2
= 3AB
2
. Hence proved
OR
Let ABCD be a rhombus
Since, diagonals of a rhombus bisect each
other at right angles,
AO = CO, BO = DO,
AOD = DOC
COB = BOA = 90
Now, in AOD
AD
2
= AO
2
+ OD
2
...(i)
Similarly, DC
2
= DO
2
+ OC
2
...(ii)
CB
2
= CO
2
+ BO
2
...(iii)
and BA
2
= BO
2
+ AO
2
...(iv)
Adding equations (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv),
we have
AD
2
+ DC
2
+ CB
2
+ BA
2
= 2(DO
2
+ CO
2
+ BO
2
+ AO
2
)
= 2
_
+ + +

,
2 2 2 2
BD AC BD CA
4 4 4 4
= BD
2
+ CA
2
. Hence proved
8. Hint: BD = DE = EC =
1
3
BC
Using Pythagoras Theorem.
9. Statement: In a triangle, if square of the
largest side is equal to the sum of the
squares of the other two sides, then the
angle opposite to the largest side is a right
angle.
Proof: We are given a triangle ABC with
AC
2
=AB
2
+ BC
2
...(i)
We have to prove that B = 90
Let us construct a PQR with Q = 90
such that
PQ=AB and QR + BC ...(ii)
In PQR,
PR
2
= PQ
2
+ QR
2
(Pythagoras Theorem)
=AB
2
+ BC
2
...(iii)
[From (ii)]
But AC
2
=AB
2
+ BC
2
...(iv)
[From (i)]
From equations (iii) and (iv), we have
PR
2
= AC
2
PR = AC ...(v)
Now, in ABC and PQR,
AB = PQ [From (ii)]
BC = QR [From (ii)]
AC = PR [From (v)]
Therefore, ABC PQR
(SSS congruence rule)
B = Q (CPCT)
But Q= 90
.
.
. B = 90. Hence proved.
2nd Part
In ADC, D = 90
.
.
. AC
2
= AD
2
+ DC
2
= 6
2
+ 8
2
= 36 + 64 = 100
In ABC,
AB
2
+ AC
2
= 24
2
+ 100

= 676
and BC
2
= 26
2
= 676
Clearly, BC
2
= AB
2
+ AC
2
Hence, by converse of Pythagoras Theorem,
in ABC,
BAC = 90
ABC is a right triangle.
WORKSHEET35
1. (B)
( ADE)
( ABC)
ar
ar
=
2
2
DE
BC
ar(ADE) =

2
2
2
BC
3
BC
81 = 36 cm
2
.
2. (A) OAB ~ OCD
OA
OC
=
OB
OD
OB = 4
3
2
= 6 cm.
3. In ABC, To make DE || AB, we have to
take
AD
DC
=
BE
EC

+
+
3 19
3
x
x
=
+ 3 4 x
x
3x
2
+ 19x = 3x
2
+ 4x + 9x + 12
6x = 12 x = 2.
4. No,
FED~ STU
Corresponding sides of the similar triangles
are in equal ratio.
DE
TU
=
EF
ST
DE
ST

EF
TU
.
5. AB || PQ
AP
AO
=
BQ
BO
(i)
AC || PR
AP
AO
=
CR
CO
(ii)
From (i) and (ii)
BQ
BO
=
CR
CO
BC || QR. (By converse of BPT)
6. 1 : 2.
Hint: Let AB = BC = a
.
.
. AC =
2 a
.
.
.
ABE)
ACD)
ar(
ar(
=
2
2
AB
AC
.
7. In ABC and AMP
A= A (Common)
ABC = AMP = 90
(i) ABC AMP, (AA criterion)
(ii)
CA
PA
=
BC
MP
.
( Corresponding sides of
similar triangles are proportional.)
8. Hint:
ar( AXY) = ar(BXYC) + ar(BXYC)
2. ar(AXY) = ar(BXYC) + ar( AXY)
= ar(ABC)
( ABC)
( AXY)
ar
ar
=
2
1
As ABC ~ AXY

2
AB
AX
=
( ABC)
( AXY)
ar
ar
=
2
1
AB
AX
=
2
1
BX
AB
=
2 1
2
.
9. Hint: Prove converse of Pythagoras
Theorem.
WORKSHEET36
1. (A)
In triangle ABC,
AD
DC
=
6
21
=
2
7
BE
EC
=
1814
14
=
2
7
AD
DC
=
BE
EC
DE || AB .
2. (A)
( DEF)
( ABC)
ar
ar
=
2
2
EF
BC
ar(DEF) = 54
16
9
= 96 cm
2
.
3. (B) ABD~ BCD
AB
BC
=
BD
CD
A
E
B
C
D
A
X
B C
Y
55
A I R T G N L S E
5.4
BC
=
3.6
5.2
BC =
5.45.2
3.6
= 7.8 cm.
4. In ABC and ADE,
BAC = DAE (Common angle)
ACB = AED (Each 90)
ABC ~ AED (AA criterion)
AB =
2 2
AC + BC = 25 + 144 = 13 cm
Now,
AB
AD
=
BC
DE
=
AC
AE
13
3
=
12
DE
=
5
AE
DE =
36
13
cm and AE =
15
13
cm.
5. No.
Ratio of areas of two similar triangles
= square of ratio of their corresponding
altitudes.
=
_

,
2
3
5
=
9
25

6
5
.
Hence, it is not correct to say that ratio of
areas of the triangles is
6
5
.
6. AE
2
= AC
2
+ EC
2
(i)
BD
2
= DC
2
+ BC
2
(ii)
Adding (i) and (ii), we get
AE
2
+ BD
2
= AC
2
+ EC
2
+ DC
2
+ BC
2
= (AC
2
+ BC
2
) + (EC
2
+ DC
2
)
AE
2
+ BD
2
= AB
2
+ DE
2
.
Hence proved.
7. In AQO and BPO,
QAO= PBO (Each 90)
AOQ= BOP
(Vertical opposite angles)
So, by AA rule of similarity,
AQO~ BPO
AQ
BP
=
AO
BO
AQ
9
=
10
6
AQ =
10 9
6
AQ= 15 cm.
OR
Let the height of the tower be h metres
P
Q R 40m
x
A
B
C
12m
8m
ABC ~ PQR.
AB
PQ
=
BC
QR

12
h
=
8
40
h =
12 40
8
= 60 metres.
8. Hint: As AOB ~ COD
A B
O
D C
( AOB)
( COD)
ar
ar
=
2
2
AB
CD
=
( )
2
2
2CD
CD
=
4
1
.
9. Hint: Prove Pythagoras Theorem.
For 2nd Part:
AB
2
= AD
2
+ BD
2
(i)
Also AC
2
= AD
2
+ CD
2
(ii)
From (i) and (ii),
AB
2
AC
2
= BD
2
CD
2
AB
2
+ CD
2
= AC
2
+ BD
2
.
Hence proved.
WORKSHEET37
1. (A) M= 180 (L + N) (ASP)
= 180 (50 + 60) = 70
LMN~ PQR
M= Q Q = 70.
2. (C) In KMN, as PQ MN,
KP
PM
=
KQ
QN
KP
PM
=
KQ
KN KQ
KN
KQ
1 =
PM
KP
20.4
KQ
1 =
13
4
20.4
KQ
= 1 +
13
4
=
17
4
KQ =
20.44
17
KQ = 4.8 cm.
3. (A) ABC ~ DEF.
4. ABC ~ PQR

( PRQ)
( BCA)
ar
ar
=
2
2
QR
BC
=
_

,
2
3
1
=
9
1
= 9 : 1.
5. True
Hint: Use Basic Proportionality Theorem
6. Hint:
Use: 1 = 2
3 = 4.
7. Draw EOF AD

A D
B C
O
E F
OB
2
= EO
2
+ EB
2
OD
2
= OF
2
+ DF
2
OB
2
+ OD
2
= EO
2
+ EB
2
+ OF
2
+ DF
2
= EO
2
+ CF
2
+ OF
2
+ AE
2
[
DF = AE, EB = CF]
= (EO
2
+ AE
2
) + (CF
2
+ OF
2
)
OB
2
+ OD
2
= OA
2
+ OC
2
.
OR
Join OA, OB and OC
In right AOF,
AO
2
= AF
2
+ OF
2
...(i)
In right AOE,
AO
2
= AE
2
+ OE
2
...(ii)
AF
2
+ OF
2
= AE
2
+ OE
2
...(iii)
Similarly, we can find out that
BD
2
+ OD
2
= BF
2
+ OF
2
...(iv)
and CE
2
+ OE
2
= CD
2
+ OD
2
...(v)
Adding equations (iii), (iv) and (v), we
arrive
AF
2
+ BD
2
+ CE
2
= AE
2
+ CD
2
+ CD
2
+ BF
2
.
Hence the result.
8. ABC ~ PQR
AB
PQ
=
BC
QR
and B = Q
AB
PQ
=
1
BC
2
1
QR
2
and B = Q
AB
PQ
=
BP
QM
and B = Q
( BD = DC and QM = MR)
ABD~ PQM
AB
PQ
=
AD
PM
. Hence proved.
OR
Hint: Show that
ABD ~ PQM
A B
D
C
4
3
2
1
E
F
57
A I R T G N L S E
9. Let the two given triangles be ABC and
PQR such that ABC ~ PQR
AB
PQ
=
BC
QR
...(i)
Let us draw perpendiculars AD and PM
from A and P to BC and QR respectively.
ADB = AMQ = 90 ...(ii)
Now, in ABD and PQM,
B = Q (ABC~PQR)
ADB = AMQ [From (ii)]
So, by AA rule of similarity, we have
ABD ~ PQM
AB
PQ

AD
PM
...(iii)
From equations (i) and (iii), we get
BC
QR

AD
PM
...(iv)
Now,
( ABC)
( PQR)
ar
ar
=

1
BC AD
2
1
QR PM
2
=

1
BC BC
2
1
QR QR
2
[Using (iv)]
=
_

,
2
BC
QR
...(v)
Similarly, we can prove that
( ABC)
( PQR)
ar
ar
=
_

,
2
AB
PQ
...(vi)
and
( ABC)
( PQR)
ar
ar
=
_

,
2
AC
PR
...(vii)
From equations (v), (vi) and (vii), we obtain
( ABC)
( PQR)
ar
ar
=
_

,
2
AB
PQ
=
_

,
2
BC
QR
=
_

,
2
AC
PR
.
Hence, the theorem.
Further, in the question,
( ABC)
( DEF)
ar
ar
=
_

,
2
BC
EF
64
121
=
2
BC
15.4 15.4
BC =
64 15.4 15.4
121
=
8
11
15.4 = 11.2 cm.
WORKSHEET38
1. (B) Ratio of areas of two similar triangles
= Ratio of squares of their
corresponding sides.
= 4
2
: 9
2
= 16 : 81.
2. (A) In ABC, DE BC
AB
AC
=
AD
AE
AB = 21
5
7
= 15 cm.
3. (C) M= Q = 35 (Corresponding angles)
PQ
ML
=
QR
MN
(Ratio of corresponding sides)
MN= 5
12
6
= 10 cm.
4 . Yes.
AP
AQ
=
5
7.5

2
3
BP
BR

4
6

2
3
Here,
AP
AQ
=
BP
BR
Hence, due to the converse of Basic
Proportionality Theorem, AB QR.
5. DB BC and AC BC
DB AC
Now, DBA= BAC (Alternate angles)
And, DEB = ACB (Each 90)
BDE ~ ABC (AA similarity)
BE
AC
=
DE
BC
(Corresponding sides)
BE
DE
=
AC
BC
. Hence proved.
6.
AX
AB
=
2 2
2
Hint: See worksheet-35 Sol. 8.

7. Hint: AM=
1
2
AB;
AL =
1
2
AC
8. Hint: Join AC and use Basic proportionality
theorem.
A B
C D
E F
X
9. Converse of Pythagoras Theorem: In a
triangle, if square of one side is equal to
the sum of the squares of the other two
sides, then the angle opposite the first side
is a right angle.

Proof: We are given a ABC in which
AC
2
= AB
2
+ BC
2
...(i)
We need to prove ABC = 90.
Let us construct a PQR such that
PQR = 90
and PQ= AB ...(ii)
QR = BC ...(iii)
Using Pythagoras Theorem in PQR, we
have
PR
2
= PQ
2
+ QR
2
PR
2
= AB
2
+ BC
2
...(iv)
[Using equations (ii) and (iii)]
From equations (i) and (iv), we have
AC = PR ...(v)
Now, in ABC and PQR,
AB = PQ (From (ii)]
BC = QR [From (iii)]
AC = PR [(From (v)]
So, ABC PQR (SSS congruence)
ABC = PQR (CPCT)
But PQR = 90 (By construction)
ABC = 90. Hence proved.
2nd Part:
As AB
2
= 2AC
2
= AC
2
+ AC
2
AB
2
= BC
2
+ AC
2

[
.
.
.
BC = AC]
C = 90.
A
B C
59
A I R T G N L S E
WORKSHEET39
1. (A) Let the length of shadow is x metres.
BE = 1.2 4 = 4.8 m
ABC ~ DEC
AB
DE
=
BC
EC
3.6
0.9
=
4.8 + x
x
3.6x = 4.32 + 0.9x.
x =
4.32
2.7
= 1.6 m.
2. (B) Here,(a)
2
+
( )
2
3a = a
2
+ 3a
2
=

4a
2
= (2a)
2
According to the converse of Pythagoras
Theorem, the angle opposite to longest side
is of measure 90.
3. (A)
AD
DB
=
2
3

AB AD
AD
=
3
2
AB
AD
1 =
3
2

AB
AD
=
5
2
DE BC ABC~ADE
BC
DE
=
AB
AD
=
5
2
.
4. No.
In PQD and RPD,
PDQ = PDR = 90
But neither PQD = RPD
nor PQD = PRD
Therefore, PQD is not similar to RPD.
5. Hint: BAC ~ ADC
BA
AD
=
AC
DC
=
BC
AC
CA
2
= BC CD.
6.
AD
DB
=
5
4

AD
AB AD
=
5
4
5AB 5AD = 4AD
AD
AB

5
9
...(i)
As DE BC,
ADE ~ ABC
DE
BC

AD
AB

5
9
...(ii)
[Using (i)]
DE BC and DC is a transversal
EDC ~ BCD
(Alternate interior angles)
i.e., EDF = BCF ...(iii)
Similarly,
DEF = CBF ... (iv)
DEF ~ CBF (AA similarity)
( DEF)
( CFB)
ar
ar
=
_

,
2
DE
BC
=
25
81
.
[Using equation (ii)]
7. A
B C L
D
E M F
AB = AC; DE = DF
AB
AC
=
DE
DF
= 1
AB
DE
=
AC
DF
also A = D
ABC DEF
( ABC)
( DEF)
ar
ar
=
2
2
AL
DM
AL
DM
=
4
5
Ratio of corresponding heights is 4 : 5.
A
B C
2
1
D
OR
Proof: Draw a ray DZ parallel to the ray
XY.
In ADZ, XY DZ

AY AX 2
= =
YZ XD 3
2YZ = 3AY ... (i)
In YBC, BY DZ

YZ BD 1
= =
ZC DC 1
(
.
.
.
BD = DC)
2YZ = 2ZC ... (ii)
From (i) and (ii),
2ZC = 3AY ... (iii)
Now, AC = AY + YZ + ZC
= AY +
3
2
AY +
3
2
AY =
8
2
AY
= 4AY
Therefore, AC : AY = 4 : 1. Hence Proved.
8. 2 5 cm
Hint: BD=
1
2
BC;
AE = EB =
1
2
AB
9. Statement : In a right triangle, the square
of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of
the square of the other two sides.
Proof: We are given a right triangle ABC
right angled at B.
We need to prove that
AC
2
= AB
2
+ BC
2
Let us draw BD AC.
Now, ADB ~ ABC
So,
AD
AB
=
AB
AC
(sides are proportional)
or AD
.
AC = AB
2
...(i)
Also, BDC ~ ABC
So,
CD
BC
=
BC
AC
or CD
.
AC = BC
2
...(ii)
Adding equations (i) and (ii) we get
AD
.
AC + CD
.
AC = AB
2
+ BC
2
AC(AD + CD) = AB
2
+ BC
2
AC
.
AC = AB
2
+ BC
2
AC
2
= AB
2
+ BC
2
.
Hence proved.
2nd part:
AB
2
= AD
2
+ BD
2
= AD
2
+ (3CD)
2
= AD
2
+ 9CD
2
= AD
2
+ CD
2
+ 8CD
2
= AC
2
+ 8CD
2
= AC
2
+ 8
2
1
BC
4
_

,
1
CD = BC
4
1
1
]
2AB
2
= 2AC
2
+ BC
2
. Hence proved.
WORKSHEET 40
1. (A)
AB
PQ
AB
QR

AC
PR
( ABC ~ PQR)
12
9
=
7
x
=
10
y
x =
7 9
12
=
21
4
and y =
910
12
=
15
2
.
2. (C) Required ratio =
16
25
=
4
5
= 4 : 5.
3. 17 m
Hint:
N
W E
S
15 m O
P
8 m
Use Pythagoras Theorem and find OP.
61
A I R T G N L S E
4. Hint:
Let AB = c
AC = b
BC = a
.
.
. a
2
= b
2
+ c
2
Also, ar(ABE) =
2
3
4
a
ar(BCF) =
2
3
4
c
ar(ACD) =
2
3
4
b .
5. See worksheet 36 sol. 6.
6. Let ABCD be a quadrilateral of which
diagonals intersect each other at O.
It is given that
AO
CO
=
BO
DO
or
AO
BO
=
CO
DO
...(i)
In AOB and COD,
AOB = COD
(Vertical opposite angles)
AO
BO
=
CO
DO
[From (i)]
Hence, by SAS rule of similarity, we obtain
AOB ~ COD
BAO= DCO
i.e. BAC = DCA
These are alternate angles.
Therefore, AB CD and AC is transversal
ABCD is a trapezium. Hence proved
OR
Hint:
As BAC = EFG ; ABC = FEG
And ACB = FGE
1
2
ACB =
1
2
FGE
ACD= FGH
and DCB = HGE
DCA~ HGF
Similarly DCB ~ HGE.
7. Hint:
A
B
C
D
E
Prove that AEB ~ DEC.
8. See worksheet33, sol. 9 (Ist part).
2nd part
Join EF and join BD to intersect EF at O.
AB DC, and EF AB,
AB DC EF
In ABD, EO AB,
DE
AE
=
DO
BO
...(viii)
(Basic Proportionality Theorem)
Similarly, in BCD,
DO
BO
=
CF
BF
...(ix)
Using equations (viii) and (ix), we obtain
the required result.
AE
ED
=
BF
FC
.
WORKSHEET 41
1. (B)
DE
AB
=
EF
BC
=
DF
AC
(i) (ii) (iii)
=
DE + EF + DF
AB + BC + CA
(iv)
4
2
=
Perimeter of DEF
3 + 2 + 2.5
[Taking (ii) and (iv)]
Perimeter of DEF = 15 cm.
2. (A) DE BC
2
x
x
=
+2
1
x
x
x
2
4 = x
2
x
x = 4.
3. KNP ~ KML

x
a
=
c
b c +
x =
ac
b c +
.
4. Hint:
A L B
D C
P
Prove that ADL ~ CPD.
5. Hint: 2AP = PC AP =
1
3
AC
Similarly, BQ =
1
3
BC
Use Pythagoras Theorem.
6. PQ BC
AP
PB
=
AQ
QC
=
1
2
Also APQ ~ ABC

( ABC)
( APQ)
ar
ar
=
_

,
2
AB
AP
=
( )
2
3
= 9
1
1
]
AB
3
AP
( ABC)
( APQ)
ar
ar
1 = 8

( BPQC)
( APQ)
ar
ar
=
8
1

( APQ)
( BPQC)
ar
ar
=
1
8
.
Ratio of area of APQ and trapezium
BPQC is 1 : 8.
OR
Let the given square be ABCD.
Let us draw an equilateral triangle APB
and another equilateral triangle AQC on
the side AB and on the diagonal AC
respectively.
We need to prove
ar (APB) =
1
2
ar (AQC)
In right ABC,
AC =
2 2
AB + BC
= AB
2
...(i)
( AB = BC)
Now, ar(APB) =
3
4
AB
2
...(ii)
And ar(AQC) =
3
4
AC
2
=
3
4
( )
2
AB 2
=
3
2
AB
2
...(iii)
Divide equation (ii) by equation (iii), we
obtain
( APB)
( AQC)
ar
ar
=
2
2
3
AB
4
3
AB
2
=
1
2
ar(APB) =
1
2
ar(AQC).
Hence proved.
7. Hint:
Extend AD till E such that AD = DE and
similarly, PM = MN
63
A I R T G N L S E
Prove that ACE ~ PRN
1 = 2 ...(i)
But 3 = 5 (CPCT)
3 = 4 4 = 6
.
.
. 5 = 6 ...(ii)
Adding (i) and (ii),
1 + 5 = 2 + 6
BAC = QPR
.
.
. ABC ~ PQR. (By SAS)
8. Let us take two similar triangles ABC and
PQR such that ABC ~ PQR.
.
.
.
AB
PQ
=
BC
QR
=
CA
RP
...(i)
We need to prove
( ABC)
( PQR)
ar
ar
=
2
2
AB
PQ
=
2
2
BC
QR
=
2
2
CA
RP
Let us draw AM BC and PN QR.
ABC and PQR
B = Q ...(ii)
In ABM and PQN,
B = Q [From (ii)]
and M = N (Each 90)
ABM ~ PQN (AA criterion)
AB
PQ
=
AM
PN
...(iii)
From equations (i) and (iii), we have
AM
PN
=
BC
QR
...(iv)
Now, ar(ABC) =
1
2
base height
=
1
2
BC AM
And ar(PQR) =
1
2
QR PN
Therefore,
( ABC)
( PQR)
ar
ar
=
BC AM
QR PN
=
2
2
BC
QR
...(v)
[Using (iv)]
From results (i) and (v), we arrive
( ABC)
( PQR)
ar
ar
=
2
2
AB
PQ
=
2
2
BC
QR
=
2
2
CA
RP
.
Hence the result.
Further, consider the question in the
following figure.
ABO = CDO and BAO = DCO
(Alternate angles)
AOB ~ COD (AA rule)
( AOB)
( COD)
ar
ar
=
2
2
AB
CD
ar(COD) = 84

2
1
2

=

CD 1
AB 2
= 21 cm
2
.
WORKSHEET42
1. (A) OBC ~ ODA (AA criterion)
OB
OD
=
OC
OA
=
BC
DA
= 2
BC = 2DA = 2 4 = 8 cm.
2. (D) Let the given areas be 2x and 3x.
Required ratio = 2 : 3 x x = 2 : 3 .
3. (C) x = 11 or 8
Hint: Use
OD
OB
=
OC
OA
.
4. True
Geometrical figures which are equiangular
i.e., if corresponding angles in two
geometrical figure are same, are similar.
5. In right ADC,
AD
2
= AC
2
CD
2
= (2CD)
2
CD
2
[ AC = BC = 2 CD]
= 3 CD
2
.
6. Hint: BMDN is a rectangle.
BMD~ DMC
DN
DM
=
DM
MC
DM
2
= DN MC
Also, BND ~ DNA.
DM
DN
=
DN
AN
DN
2
= DM AN.
7. Let BE = 3x and EC = 4x.
In BCD, GE || DC
BGE ~ BDC
BE
BC
=
GE
DC
3
3 + 4
x
x x
=
GE
2AB
( DC = 2AB)
GE =
6
7
AB ...(i)
Similarly, DGF ~ DBA
FG
AB
=
4
7
FG =
4
7
AB ...(ii)
GE + FG=
6
7
AB +
4
7
AB
EF =
10
7
AB
7 EF = 10AB. Hence proved.
8. Hint: Let AB = BC = AC = a
AE BC
BE = EC =
1
2
a
and BD=
1
3
BC =
1
3
a
Using Pythagoras Theorem
AD
2
= AE
2
+ DE
2
= AE
2
+ (BE BD)
2
AD
2
= AE
2
+ BE
2
+ BD
2
2.BE.BD
AD
2
= AE
2
+ EC
2
+

2
1
3
a 2

1 1
2 3
a a
= AC
2
+
2 2
9 3
a a
= a
2
+
2 2
9 3
a a
=
2
7
9
a
9AD
2
= 7AB
2
.
9. See worksheet-39 sol. 9 (I part).
Hint: 2nd Part:
AC
2
= AD
2
+ DC
2
= AD
2
+ (3BD)
2
= AD
2
+ 9BD
2
= AD
2
+ BD
2
+ 8BD
2
= AB
2
+ 8
2
1
BC
4

2AC
2
= 2AB
2
+ BC
2
.
WORKSHEET43
1 . (C) 294 cm
2
Hint: Prove that OBP ~ OAQ.
2. (A) 6 cm
Hint: Use AA-similarity to prove
AOB ~ COD.
3. Hint: Draw AM BC
and DN BC
As AOM ~ DON
( ABC)
( DBC)
ar
ar
=
1
BC AM
2
1
BC ON
2

= =
AM AO
DN OD
.
A
B C
D E
A
C
D
O
N
M
B
65
A I R T G N L S E
4. Hint: Use concept of similarity.
5. Draw AP BC
A
B C
D P
1 2
AB
2
= AP
2
+ BP
2
= AP
2
+ (BD + DP)
2
AB
2
= AP
2
+ BD
2
+ DP
2
+ 2BD. DP
= AD
2
+ BD (BD + 2DP)
AB
2
AD
2
= BD CD. [
.
.
.
BP = PC]
Hence proved.
6. Hint:
P
b
a
x
p
From figure, show x =
+
ab
a b
.
7. MDE and MCB,
MDE = MCB (Alternate angles)
MD = MC (M is mid-point of CD)
DME = CMB
(Vertically opposite angles)
MDE MCB, (ASA criterion)
DE = CB (CPCT)
AE AD= BC
AE = 2BC ...(i) ( BC = AD)
Now, in LAE and LCB,
LAE = LCB (Alternate angles)
ALE = CLB
LAE ~ LCB (AA criterion)
AE
BC
=
LE
BL
2BC
BC
=
EL
BL
[Using equation (i)]
EL = 2BL. Hence proved.
OR
Hint:
As AD is median
so, AB
2
+ AC
2
= 2(AD
2
+ BD
2
)
AB
2
+ AC
2
= 2
2
2
BC
AD
4

+
, ,

2(AB
2
+ AC
2
) = 4AD
2
+ BC
2
...(i)
Similarly,
2(AB
2
+ BC
2
) = 4BE
2
+ AC
2
...(ii)
2(AC
2
+ BC
2
) = 4CF
2
+ AB
2
...(iii)
Add (i), (ii) and (iii),
3 (AB
2
+ AC
2
+ BC
2
)
= 4 (AD
2
+ BE
2
+ CF
2
).
8. See worksheet-33 sol. 9 (Ist part).
2nd Part: Draw EM AB
M is a point on CB
EM AB
CE
AE
=
CM
MB
...(i)
Also
DE
EB
=
CM
MB
...(ii)
From (i) and (ii),
CE
AE
=
DE
EB
.
WORKSHEET 44
1. (D) BE =
3
4
a a =
4
3
BE
AB
2
+ BC
2
+ CA
2
= a
2
+ a
2
+ a
2
= 3a
2
=
2
4
3 BE
3
_

,
= 16 BE
2
.
2. (B)
Hint: Use pythagoras theorem
3. (B)
Hint: Using basic proportionality theorem
we get, x = 4.
4. Hint: In ACD and ABC,
A= A
ACD= ACB = 90
ACD~ ABC
AC
2
= AB
.
AD (i)
BCD~ BAC
BC
2
= BA
.
BD (ii)
Applying (ii) (i) gives the result.
5. Let the given parallelogram be ABCD
We need to prove that
AC
2
+ BD
2
= AB
2
+ BC
2
+ CD
2
+ DA
2
Let us draw perpendiculars DN on AB
and CM on AB produced as shown in
figure.

In BMC and AND,
BC = AD (Opposite sides of a
gm
)
BMC = AND (Each 90)
CM= DN (Distance between
same parallels)
BMC AND (RHS criterion)
BM= AN ...(i) (CPCT)
Using result on obtuse triangle ABC
(ABC > 90),
AC
2
= AB
2
+ BC
2
+ 2AB
.
BM ...(ii)
Using result on acute triangle ABD
(BAD < 90),
BD
2
= AB
2
+ DA
2
2AB
.
AN
BD
2
= CD
2
+ DA
2
2AB
.
BM ...(iii)
[Using (i) and AB = CD]
Adding equations (ii) and (iii), we have
AC
2
+ BD
2
= AB
2
+ BC
2
+ CD
2
+ DA
2
.
Hence proved.
6. Hint: AP QB RC
Use Basic proportionality theorem.
7. See worksheet 38 sol. 9 (Ist part).
8. Let us produce AD to J and PM to K so
that DJ = AD and MK = PM.
Join CJ and QK.
In ADB and JDC,
AD = JD, ADB = JDC, BD = CD
ADB JDC
(SAS criterion of congruence)
AB = JC ...(i) (CPCT)
PQ= KR ...(ii)
According to the given conditions, we have
AB
PQ
=
AD
PM
=
AC
PR
JC
KR
=
AJ
2
PK
2
=
AC
PR
[Using (i) and (ii)]
67
A I R T G N L S E
JC
KR
=
AJ
PK
=
AC
PR
AJC ~ PKR (SSS criterion of
similarity)
JAC = KPR (Corresponding
angles)
i.e., DAC = MPR ...(iii)
DAB = MPQ ...(iv)
Adding equations (iii) and (iv), we obtain
BAC = QPR ...(v)
Thus, in ABC and PQR, we have
AB
PQ
=
AC
PR
(Given)
and BAC = QPR [From (v)]
Therefore, ABC ~ PQR.
(SAS criterion of similarity)
Hence proved.
OR
Hint: As ADC is obtuse angled triangle,
AC
2
= AD
2
+ CD
2
+ 2
.
CD
.
DE (i)
and ADB is acute-angled triangle
So, AB
2
= AD
2
+ BD
2
2
.
DB
.
DE (ii)
Add (i) and (ii), to get the result.
WORKSHEET 45
1. (D) ABC ~ PQR
20
h
=
10
50
h =
50 20
10
= 100 m.
2. (A) The ratio of similar triangles is equal
to the ratio of squares of their correspond-
ing altitudes.
100
49
=
2
2
5
h
h
2
=
25 49
100
h =
25 49
100
h
2
=
5 7
10
= 3.5 cm.
3. (B) Altitude AM divides base BC in two
equal parts. That is BM = MC = 7 cm using
Pythagoras Theorem in right ABM,
AM =
2 2
25 7 = + (25 7) (25 7)
= 32 18 = 24 cm.
4. (i) We know that diagonal of a square
=
2
side
In square AEFG, AF =
2
AG ...(i)
In square ABCD,AC=
2
AD ...(ii)
Using equations (i) and (ii), we obtain
AF
AG
=
AC
AD
. ...(iii)
(ii) GAF = DAC (Each 45)
GAF GAC = DAC GAC
CAF = DAG ...(iv)
ACF ~ ADG.
(SAS criterion)
5 . Hint: 1 = 2
PQ = PR
QR
QS
=
QT
PQ
.
6. Hint: Draw AM BC and DN BC.
7. Hint: Fig. A
C
B
a
b
c
p
8. Hint for 1st part: Prove Pythagoras Theorem.
Hint for 2nd part: Let the given triangle is
ABC with
A= 90
Draw AD BC
ABC ~ DAC
and ABC ~ DBA.
9. Hint: Let the DC = AB = x
Then QC =
4
5
x and AP =
3
5
x
QRC ~ PRA.
OR
Let the given parallelogram be ABCD.
We need to prove
AC
2
+ BD
2
= AB
2
+ BC
2
+ CD
2
+ DA
2
Let us draw perpendiculars DN on AB and
CM on AB produced as shown in figure.
In BMC and AND
BC = AD (opposite sides of a
parallelogram)
BMC = AND (Each 90)
CM= DN (Distance between
same parallels)
BMC AND (RHS criterion)
BM= AN ...(i) CPCT
In obtuse triangle ABC (ABC > 90),
AC
2
= AB
2
+ BC
2
+ 2AB
.
BM
...(ii)
In acute triangle ABD (BAD < 90),
BD
2
= AB
2
+ DA
2
2AB
.
AN
BD
2
= CD
2
+ DA
2
2AB
.
BM
...(iii)
[Using (i) and AB = CD]
Adding equations (ii) and (iii), we have
AC
2
+ BD
2
= AB
2
+ BC
2
+ CD
2
+ DA
2
.
Hence proved.
ASSESSMENT SHEET7
1. (C) In ABC, PQ BC
AP
BP
=
AQ
QC
2.4
BP
=
2
3
BP = 3.6 cm
AB = AP + BP = 2.4 + 3.6 = 6 cm.
2. (B)
( ABC)
( DEF)
ar
ar
=
2
2
BC
EF

9
4

_

,
2
BC
EF
BC
EF
=
3
2
.
3. Let draw AM BC and DN BC
AMO = DNO = 90
and AOM = DON
AMO ~ DNO
(AA similarity)
AM
DN
=
AO
DO
...(i)
Now,
( ABC)
( DBC)
ar
ar
=
1
BC AM
2
1
BC DN
2
=
AO
DO
. [Using (i)]
4. True, because BCD ~ CAD
CD
2
= BD
.
AD.
5. PQ BC and AB is transversal
APQ= ABC ...(i)
(Corresponding angles)
In ABC and APQ,
BAC = PAQ (Common)
69
A I R T G N L S E
ABC = APQ [From (i)]
so, by AA criterion of similarity,
ABC ~ APQ
( ABC)
( APQ)
ar
ar

2
2
AB
AP
Subtracting unity from both the sides, we
have.

( ABC) ( APQ)
( APQ)
ar ar
ar
=
2 2
2
AB AP
AP

(trapezium BPQC)
( APQ)
ar
ar
=
_

,
2
AB
AP
1
...(ii)
It is given that
AP
AB
=
1
2

PB
AP
2
PB
AP
+ 1 = 2 + 1
PB + AP
AP
= 3
AB
AP
3
_

,
2
AB
AP
= 9 ...(iii)
From equations (ii) and (iii), we have
( APQ)
(trapezium BPQC)
ar
ar
=
1
8
ar(APQ) : ar(trapezium BPQC)
= 1 : 8.
6. See worksheet-36 sol. 6.
8. We are given two triangles ABC and PQR
such that ABC ~ PQR.
Draw perpendiculars AD and PM on BC
and QR respectively.
We need to prove
( ABC)
( PQR)
ar
ar
=
2
2
AD
PM
In ABD and PQM,
ADB = PMQ = 90
ABD= PQM (ABC ~ PQR)
ABD~ PQM
(AA criterion of similarity)
AB
PQ
=
AD
PM
...(i)
We know that the ratio of areas of two
similar triangles is equal to ratio of squares
of their corresponding sides
( ABC)
( PQR)
ar
ar

2
2
AB
PQ
...(ii)
( ABC)
( PQR)
ar
ar

2
2
AD
PM
. Hence proved.
ASSESSMENT SHEET8
1. (B)
5
x
=
6
6 + 2
x =
30
8
, x =
15
4
cm.
2. (A) PQR ~ CAB,
PQ
CA
=
PR
BC
=
QR
AB
or
AB
QR
=
BC
PR

CA
PQ
.
3. In ABC, M AB.
Using Basic Proportionality Theorem, we
have
AC
AL
=
BC
BM

2
3
x
x
=
+ 2 3
2
x
x
2x
2
4x = 2x
2
+ 3x 6x 9
x 9 x = 9.
4. False, because PQD and PRD dont obey
any condition of similarity.
5. Let the given right angled triangle be ABC
with C = 90 such that AC = b, BC = a
and AB = c.
Using Pythagoras Theorem, we have
AB
2
= AC
2
+ BC
2
c
2
= a
2
+ b
2
...(i)
Area of equilateral triangle drawn on side
BC
=
3
4
a
2
...(ii)
Similarly, areas of equilateral triangles
drawn on side BC and side AB are
respectively
=
3
4
b
2
...(iii)
And =
3
4
c
2
...(iv)
Sum of areas of equilateral triangles drawn
on the sides BC and AC
=
3
4
a
2
+
3
4
b
2
[Adding (ii) and (iii)]
=
3
4
(a
2
+ b
2
)
=
3
4
c
2
[Using (i)]
= Area of equilateral triangle
drawn on hypotenuse AB.
Hence proved.
6.
ABC ~ PQR
AB
PQ
=
BC
QR
=
1
BC
2
1
QR
2
AB
PQ
=
BD
QM
...(i)
(a) In ABD and PQM,
AB
PQ
=
BD
QM
[From (ii)]
ABD~ PQM (ABC ~ PQR)
So, by SAS criterion of similarity, we have
ABD~ PQM
AB
PQ
=
AD
PM
(b) ABD~ PQM, [From part (a)]
ADB = PMQ
180 ADC = 180 PMR
[From figure]
ADC = PMR. Hence proved.
8. BD= BE (Given)
In OBD, AF OB and BD OB
AF BD
OAF ~ OBD
OA
OB
=
AF
BD
OA
OB
=
AF
BE
...(i) [Using (i)]
In AFC and BEC,
FAC = EBC (Each 90)
FCA= ECB
So by, AA criterion of similarity,
AFC ~ BEC
AC
BC
=
AF
BE
...(ii)
Comparing equations (i) and (ii), we have
OA
OB
=
AC
BC
71
A I R T G N L S E
OA
OB
=
OC OA
OB OC
OA OB OA OC
= OB OC OB OA
(OA + OB) OC
= 2OA OB
Dividing both sides by OA OB OC, we
get
1
OA
+
1
OB
=
2
OC
. Hence proved.
CHAPTER TEST
1. (B) BC =
2 2
5 +12
= 13 cm
ABD ~ CBA
AB
BC
=
AD
AC
AD =
5 12
13

60
13
cm.
2. (D)
1
2
=
2
1
2
2
P
P
=
2
2
40
50
=
16
25

1
:
2
= 16 : 25.
3. (C)
AD
DB
=
AE
EC

1.5
3
=
1
EC
EC =
3
1.5
= 2 cm.
4. Yes.
MQ= PQ PM
= 15.2 5.7 = 9.5 cm
NR = PR PN = 12.8 4.8 = 8 cm
Now,
PM
MQ
=
5.7
9.5
= 0.6
and
PN
NR
=
4.8
8
= 0.6
Clearly,
PM
MQ
=
PN
NR
MN QR.
5. AOB ~ COD (AAA criterion of
similarity)
AO
CO
=
BO
DO
7 9
2 1
x
x
=
9 8
3
x
x
21x
2
27x = 18x
2
16x 9x + 8
3x
2
2x 8 = 0 (x

2) (3x + 4)
x = 2 or x =
3
4
x = 2. (Negative value rejected)
6. ABE ACD
AB = AC and AE = AD (CPCT)
Consider AB = AC
AD + DB = AE = EC
DB = EC ...(i) ( AE = AD)
Also AD= AE ...(ii)
(Proved above)
Dividing equation (ii) by equation (i), we
have
AD
DB
=
AE
EC
...(iii)
Hence, in ABC
AD
DB
=
AE
EC
DE BC (Converse of Basic
Proportionality Theorem)
ADE = ABC and AED = ACB
ADE ~ ABC.
7. Hint:
PAC ~ QBC
x
z

AC
BC
RCA ~ QBA
y
z

AC
AB
.
8. Hint:
Draw MN AD, passing through O to
intersect AB at M and DC at N.
Use Pythagoras Theorem for AOM,
BOM, CON and DON.
9. Hint :
ABC ~ PQR
AB
PQ

BC
QR
and B = Q
AB
PQ

2BD
2QM
and B = Q
AB
PQ

BD
QM
and B = Q
ABD ~ PQM
AB
PQ

AD
PM
.
73
R T N I G I R T O I O D O U T C N O M N T O E T R Y
5
Chapter
INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY
WORKSHEET50
1. (B) sin 3A = cos (A 26)
sin 3A = sin {90 (A 26)}
3A = 90 A + 26 A =
116
4
A = 29.
2. (D) 2 sin
2
x
= 1 sin
2
x
=
1
2
sin
2
x
= sin
6

2
x
=
6
x =
3
x = 60.
3. (B) sin =
24
25
sin
2
=
2
24
25
_

,
1 sin
2
= 1
2
2
24
25
cos
2
=
2
2
7
25
cos =
7
25
Now, tan + sec =
sin
cos
+
1
cos
=
24
25
7
25
+
1
7
25

24
7
+
25
7
=
49
7
= 7.
4. tan =
2
sin
1 sin

.
5. cot 25 + tan 41.
6. True,
LHS =
cos 80
sin10
+ cos 59 cosec 31
=
cos(90 10 )
sin10

+ cos 59 cosec (90 59)

=
sin 10
sin 10
+ cos 59 sec 59
= 1 +
cos 59
cos 59
= 1 + 1 = 2
Hence, the given equation is valid.
7.
2
4
cot 30
+
2
1
sin 60
cos
2
45
=
( )
2
4
3
+
2
1
3
2
_

,
2
1
2
_

,
=
4
3
+
4
3

1
2
=
8 8 3
6
+
=
13
6
.
8. sin (x + y) = 1 and cos (x y) =
3
2
sin (x + y) = sin 90 and cos (x y) = cos 30
x + y = 90 and x y = 30
Adding and subtracting, we get respectively
2x = 120 and 2y = 60
i.e., x = 60 and y = 30.
9. cosec A =
10
sin A =
1
cosec A
=
1
10
cos A =
2
1 sin A
=
1
1
10
=
3
10
tan A =
sin A
cos A
=
1
3
cot A =
1
tan A
= 3
sec A =
1
cos A
=
10
3
.
10. Hint: RHS =
2 2
sin A 1 cos A
=
1 cos A 1 cos A
=
(1 cos A) (1 + cos A)
1 cos A
OR
Hint: LHS =
2
2
sin (1 2 sin )
(2cos 1 )

=
sin cos 2
cos cos 2

=
sin
cos
.
WORKSHEET51
1. (A) sin ( + 36) = cos
sin ( + 36) = sin (90 )
+ 36 = 90 2 = 54
= 27.
2. (C)
Hint: Divide numerator and denominator
by cos .
3. (D) sec =
5
4
sec
2
=
25
16
sec
2
1 =
25
16
1
tan
2
=
9
16
tan =
3
4
.
4. (A)
Hint: A = 30, B = 90, C = 60.
5. sec + tan =
(1 sin ) 1 sin
cos cos cos
+
+ =

=
2 2 2 2
2
1
1 sin
1 sin
1
a
b a
b
a b a
b
+
+ +
= =

=
b a b a
b a b +a b a
+ +
=

.
6. sin A =
7
25
, cos A =
24
25
,
sin C =
24
25
and cos C =
7
25
.
7.
cos 60 + sin 30 cot 30
tan 60 + sec 45 cosec 45
=
1 1
+ 3
2 2
3 2 2 +
=
1 3 3
3 3
=
3 3
3
.
8. Given expression
=
cot tan (90 ) sec (90 ) cosec
sin cos (90 ) + cos sin (90 )

=
cot cot cosec cosec
sin sin + cos cos

=
2 2
2 2
cot cosec
sin + cos

= cosec
2

1 cosec
2
[ sin
2
+ cos
2
= 1]
=

1.
9.
1
2
Hint: Draw ABC with
AB = BC = AC = a (say)
Draw AD BC
BAD = DAC = = 30
and BD = DC = a/2
sin =
BD /2
AB
a
a
= =
1
2
sin 30 =
1
2
.
10. LHS =
1
tan tan
1 1 tan
1
tan

+

=
( )
2
tan 1
tan 1 tan 1 tan
+

=
( )
2
1 1
tan
tan 1 tan

75
=
3
1 tan 1
tan 1 tan
1

1

]
= tan + cot + 1
=
2
tan 1
1
tan
+
+
=
2
sec
1
tan
= 1 + sec cosec = RHS

OR
LHS =
cot A cos A
cot A + cos A
=
cos A
cos A
sin A
cos A
cos A
sin A
+
=
1
cos A 1
sin A
1
cos A 1
sin A
_

,
_
+

,
=
1
1
sin A
1
+1
sin A
=
cosec A 1
cosec A + 1
= RHS
WORKSHEET52
1. (A)
Hint: tan 5 = cot 85; tan 25 = cot 65.
2. (C) 8 tanx = 15
tan
2
x =
225
64
sec
2
x 1 =
225
64
sec
2
x =
289
64
sec x =
17
8
cos x =
8
17
Now, sin x cos x =
2
1 cos x
cos x
=
64 8
1
289 17
=
15 8
17
=
7
17
.
3. (A)
Hint: sec = cosec 60
cos = sin 60 = 30
.
.
. 2cos
2
30 1 =
3
2 1
4
=
3
1
2
=
1
2
4. (D)
Hint: (1 + sin ) (1 sin ) = cos
2

=
2
1
sec
.
5. (A)
Hint: sec 4A = cosec (90 4A).
6. Hint: cos (90 ) = sin ,
sin (90 ) = cos .
7.
(1 sin )(1 sin )
(1 cos )(1 cos )
+
+
=
2
2
1 sin
1 cos
=
2
2
cos
sin
= cot
2
=
2
7
8
_

,
=
49
64
.
OR
2 2
2 2
cosec + cot
cosec sec

=
( )
2 2
2 2
1 cot cot
1 cot 1 tan
+ +
+ +
=
2
2 2
1 2cot
cot tan
+

=
1 2 3
1
3
3
+
=
7
8
3
=
21
8
.
8. sin
2
30 + sin
2
45 + sin
2
60 + sin
2
90
=
2
1
2
_

,
+
2
1
2
_

,
+
2
3
2
_

,
+
( )
2
1
=
1 1 3
+ +
4 2 4
+ 1
=
1+2+3+4 10
=
4 4
=
5
2
.
9. Hint:
LHS =
1 sin 1 sin
1 +sin 1 sin

=
2
(sec tan )
OR
Hint:
LHS =
2
cos A sin A
1 tanA sin A cos A
+

=
2 2
cos A sin A
cos A sin A cos A sin A

=
2 2
cos A sin A
cos A sin A
= cos A + sin A.
10. Hint: 1 2sin
2
= 2cos
2

1
= cos
2
sin
2
.
WORKSHEET53
1. (A) tan =
3
4
=
Perpendicular
Base
BC =
2 2
3 4 +
=
25 = 5
cos =
Base
Hypotenuse
=
4
5
4
1
1 cos 1
5
= =
4 1 + cos 9
1 +
5
.
2. (C)
Hint:
1 + tan + sec

1 + cot + cosec 1
=1 + + sec =
cot cot

3. (B)
Hint: A + B = 90; A B = 30.
4. (A) tan 2 = cot ( + 9)
tan 2 = tan [90 ( + 9)]
2 = 90 9 3 = 81
= 27.
5.
2
cos
cot
1 cos

.
6. True.
Hint: A
6
+ B
6
= (A
2
+ B
2
) [(A
2
+ B
2
)
2
3A
2
B
2
].
7. Hint:
LHS =
1 2sin cos + 1 2sin cos
(sin + cos )(sin cos )

+

.
8. LHS =
cosA sinA 1
cosA sinA 1
+
+
Dividing Numerator and

Denominator

by
sin A, we get
=
cot A 1 cosecA
cot A 1 cosecA
+
+
=
( ) ( )
2 2
cot A + cosecA cosec A cot A
cot A 1 cosec A
+
=
(cosecA+cot A) [1 cosecA+cot A]
cot A cosecA+1
= cosec A + cot A = RHS.

9. Given expression
=
2sin68
cos22

2cot 15
5tan75
3 tan 45 tan 20 tan 40 tan50 tan70

5
=
2 sin (90 22)
cos 22

2 cot (90 75)
5 tan 75
( ) ( ) 3 1 tan 90 70 tan 90 50
tan50 tan70
5

=
2cos 22
cos 22
2tan75
5tan75
3cot 70 cot 50 tan50 tan70

5

= 2
2
5
1 1
3 tan50 tan70
tan70 tan50
5

= 2
2
5

3
5
=
10 2 3
5

=
5
5
= 1.
A 4
3
C
5
B
77
10. Given expression
= 8 3 cosec
2
30. sin 60. cos 60. cos
2
45.
sin 45. tan 30. cosec
3
45.
=
8 3

2
1
sin 30
. sin (90 30).
cos (90 30) cos
2
(90 45). sin 45.
sin30
cos 30
3
1
sin 45
=
8 3
2
1
sin 30
cos 30. sin 30. sin
2
45.
sin 45.
3
sin30 1
cos 30 sin 45

=
8 3

2
sin 30. sin 30
sin 30
_

,

cos 30
cos 30
2
3
sin 45 sin 45
sin 45
=
8 3
1 1 1 =
8 3
.
OR
Hint: sec
2
=
2
2
1 1
2 16
x
x
+ +
.
.
. sec
2
1 =
2
2
1 1
2 16
x
x
+
.
.
. tan
2
=
2
1
4
x
x
_

,
tan

=
1
4
x
x
_

,
.
WORKSHEET54
1. (B) As sin A =
3
4
,
let BC = 3x and CA = 4x
AB =
( )
2
2
4 (3 ) x x
=
7 x
Now, tan A =
BC
AB
=
3
7
x
x
=
3
7
.
2. (C)
2
2tan30
1 tan 30
+
=
2
1
2
3
1
1
3
_
+

,
=
2
3
4
3
=
3
2
.
3. (D)
Hint: tan x =
15
8
sin x =
15
17
, cos x =
8
17
sin
2
x cos
2
x =
225
289

64
289
=
161
289
.
4. (A)
sin30 tan 45 cosec 60
sec 30+ cos 60 + cot 45
+
=
1 2
1
2 3
2 1
1
2 3
+
+ +
=
3 2 3 4
4 3 2 3
+
+ +
=
3 3 4
3 3 4 +
3 3 4
3 3 4
=
27 16 24 3
27 16
+
=
43 24 3
11
.
5. A + B + C = 180
LHS =
C + A 180 B
cot = cot
2 2
= cot (90
B
2
) = tan
B
2
= RHS.
6. Yes.
Hint: Both sides =
7
25
.
7. LHS = (cosec A sin A) (sec A cos A)
=
1 1
sinA cos A
sin A cos A
_ _

, ,
=
2
1 sin A
sinA

2
1 cos A
cos A
=
2 2
cos A sin A
sinAcos A
= sin A cos A .... (i)

RHS =
1
tanA cot A +
=
1
sinA cos A
cos A sinA
+
=
2 2
sinAcos A
sin A cos A +
= sin A cos A ....(ii)
( sin
2
A + cos
2
A = 1)
From equations (i) and (ii) we obtain
LHS = RHS.
8. 7 sin
2
+ 3(1 sin
2
) = 4
Let sin = x
7x
2
+ 3 3x
2
=

4
4x
2
=

1 x
2
=
1
4
x

=
1
2
sin =
1
2
or sin =
1
2
sin =
1
2
is not possible as is acute.
cosec = 2 cos =
3
2
sec + cosec =
2
2
3
+ . Hence proved
9. 1
Hint: cos (40 + ) = sin {90 (40 + )}
= sin (50 )
and cos 40 = sin 50.
10. LHS = m
2
n
2
= (tan + sin )
2
(tan sin )
2
= 4sin tan ...(i)
RHS.
= 4
2
2
2
sin
= 4 1 = 4sin sec 1
cos
mn

= 4 sin tan .... (ii)
From (i) and (ii), LHS = RHS.
WORKSHEET55
1. (A) Required value = 25
64 36 8
2
100 100 6
_
+

,
= 25
1
300
(192 + 216 400)
=
1
12
8 =
2
3
.
2. (C) sin =
2
1 cos

1 0.36
0.8
And tan =
sin
cos
=
0.8
0.6
=
4
3
Now, 5 sin 3 tan = 5 0.8 3
4
3
= 0
3. (D)
Hint: Divide numerator and denominator
by sin A.
3
1+
1+cot A
4
=
3 1 cot A
1
4
.
4. (C) sec A =
2
3
sec A = sec 30 A = 30
A + B = 90 B = 90 30 = 60
Now, cosec B = cosec 60 =
2
3
5. (A) Given expression
=
( )
( )
2 2
2
2
1 2
3 + 4 3 5 0
2 3
2 2 3
_ _
+ +

, ,
+
=
3 2 4
4 3
+ +
= 9.
6. False.
Hint: A = 30, B = 60.
7.
sec cosec
sec + cosec

=
1 1

cos sin
1 1
+
cos sin

=
sin cos
sin + cos

=
( )
( )
1
sin cos
sin
1
sin + cos
sin

=
1 cot
1 + cot
=
3
1
4
3
1 +
4
=
1
7
. Hence proved.
79
8.
cos sin
cos + sin

=
cos sin
cos + sin

=
cot 1
cot + 1
.
(Dividing numerator and denominator by
sin )
=
1
1
p
q
p
q
+
=
p q
p q +
.
9. Given expression
=
2 2
sin 35 cos 55
cos 55 sin 35
_ _
+

, ,
2cos 60
=
( )
2
sin 35
cos 90 35

, ,

+
( )
2
cos 55
sin 90 55

, ,

2cos 60
=
2
sin 35
sin 35
_

,
+
2
cos 55
cos 55
_

,
2cos 60
= 1 + 1 2 cos 60
=
1
2 2
2
= 2 1 = 1
OR
Given expression
=
cos 58
sin 32
+
sin 22
cos 68

cos 38cosec 52
tan 18 tan 35 tan 60 tan 72 tan 55
=
( )
cos 58
sin 90 58
+
( )
sin 22
cos 90 22

( )
( )
( )
cos 38cosec 90 38
tan 18 tan 35 tan 60 tan 90 18
tan 90 35
=
cos 58
cos 58
+
sin 22
sin 22

cos 38 sec 36
tan 18 tan 35 tan 60 cot 18 cot 35
= 2
1
cos 38
cos 38
tan 18 tan 35 tan 60
1 1
tan 18 tan 35
= 2
1
tan 60
= 2
1
3
=
2 3 1
3

3
3
=
6 3
3
.
10. tan A = n tan B
cot B =
tanA
n
and sin A = m sin B
sin B =
1
sin A
m
cosec B =
sinA
m
.
.
. cosec
2
B cot
2
B = 1
2 2
2 2
sin A tan A
m n
= 1
2 2 2
2
cos A
sin A
m n
= 1
m
2
1 = (n
2
1) cos
2
A
2
2
1
1
m
n
= cos
2
A.
Hence proved
OR
Consider an equilateral triangle PQR in
which PS QR. Since PS
QR so PS bisects P as well
as base QR.
We observe that PQS is a
right triangle, right-angled at
S with QPS = 30 and PQS = 60.
For finding the trigonometric ratios, we need
to know the length of the sides of the
triangle. So, let us suppose PQ = x
Then , QS =
1
2
QR =
2
x
and (PS)
2
(PQ)
2

(QS)
2
= x
2

2
4
x
=
2
3
4
x
PS =
3
4
x
(i) cos 60 =
QS
PQ
=
2
x
x
=
1
2
(ii) sin 60 =
PS
PQ
=
3
2
x
x
=
3
2
(iii) tan 30 =
QS
PS
=
2
3
2
x
x
=
1
3
.
WORKSHEET56
1. (B) b
2
x
2
+ a
2
y
2
= b
2
a
2
cos
2
+ a
2
b
2
sin
2

= a
2
b
2
.
2. (A) A = 90 60 = 30
cosec A = cosec 30 = 2.
3. (C) tan =
12
5
1 + tan
2
= 1 +
2
2
12
5
sec =
13
5
Now,
1 + sin
1 sin
=
1 + sin
cos
1 sin
cos
=
sec tan
sec tan
+

=
13 12
5 5
13 12
5 5
+
=
25
5
1
5
= 25
tan =
12
5
sin =
2
1 1
=
cosec
1 cos
+
=
2
1
5
1
12
_
+

,
=
12
13
.
4. (A)
sin 29
cos 61
_

,
+
2
cos 27
sin 63
_

,
4 cos
2
45
=
( )
sin 29
cos 90 29
+
( )
2
cos 27
sin 90 29

, ,

4

2
1
2
_

,
= 1 + 1
2

4
2
= 0.
5. (B) Given expression
= 4
4 2
1 1
2 2

_ _
+
, ,
, ,

3 ( )
2
2 1
1
2

_
, ,

,

2
3
2
_

,
= 4
1 1
16 4
_
+

,
3
1
1
2
_

,

3
4
=
1
4
+ 1
3
2
+ 3
3
4
=
17
4

9
4
=
8
4
= 2.
6.
1
tan A
+
sin A
1 + cos A
=
cos A
sin A
+
sin A
1 + cos A
=
( )
2 2
cos A + cos A + sin A
sin A 1 + cos A
=
( )
1 + cos A
sin A 1 + cos A
= cosec A
= 2.
7. sin =
3
4
cosec =
4
3
cos =
2
1 sin
=
9
1
16
=
7
4
sec =
4
7
and cot
7
3
Now, LHS
=
2 2
2
cosec cot
sec 1

=
16 7
9 9
16
1
7
=
9
9
9
7
=
7
9
=
7
3
= RHS. Hence Proved.
81
8. Hint: LHS =
1
1 cos A
sin A sin A

1
sin A
=
sin A
1 cos A

1
sin A
=
( )
2
sin A 1 + cos A
sin A 1 cos A
=
( )
2
1 cos A 1 + cos A
sin A 1 cos A
=
( )
( )
cos A 1 cos A
sin A 1 cos A
= cot A.
OR
Hint: Using a
3
+ b
3
= (a
2
+ b
2
ab) (a + b)
we get
3 3
sin cos
. sin cos
sin cos
+
+
+

=
2 2
.
(sin cos )(sin cos sin cos )
sin cos
+ +
+
+ sin cos
= . .
1 sin cos sin cos 1 +
.
9.
( )( )
( )( )
2 + 2 sin 1 sin
1 + cos 2 2 cos

=
( )( )
( )( )
2 1 + sin 1 sin
2 1 + cos 1 cos

=
2
2
1 sin
1 cos
=
2
2
cos
sin
= cot
2
=
2
15
8
_

,
=
225
64
.
10. Hint: p
2
1 = sec
2
+ tan
2
+ 2 sec tan 1
= 1 + tan
2
+ tan
2
+ 2 sec tan 1
= 2 tan (tan + sec )
Similarly p
2
+ 1 = 2 sec (tan + sec ).
WORKSHEET57
1. (B)
Hint: x + y = 2 cot A
x y = 2 cos A
2
x y
x y
_

+
,
= sin
2
A
and
2
2
x y
_

,
= cos
2
A
sin
2
A + cos
2
A = 1.
2. (A)
Hint: (x + 1)
2
= x
2
+ 5
2
3. (A) tan A=
1
3
= tan 30
A= 30
C = 180 A B = 180 120
= 60
Now, sin A cos C + cos A sin C
= sin 30 cos 60 + cos 30 sin 60
=
1
2

1
2
+
3
2

3
2
= 1.
4. (C) cos =
1
2
cos = cos 60
= 60
tan =
1
3
tan = tan 30
= 30.
Now, sin ( + ) = sin (60 + 30) = sin 90 = 1.
5. (B) tan 1 tan 2.... tan 43 tan 44 tan 45
tan 46 tan 47..... tan 88 tan 89
= (tan 1 tan 89)(tan 2 tan 88)....(tan 43
tan 47)(tan 44 tan 46) tan 45
= (tan 1 cot 1)(tan 2 cot 2)....(tan 43
cot 43)(tan 44 cot 44) tan 45
= (1) (1) .... (1) (1) tan 45
= (1 1 .... 1 1) tan 45
= 1 1 = 1.
6. Given expression
=
tan 50 + sec 50
cot 40 + cosec 40
+ cos 40 cosec 50
=
tan 50 + sec 50
cot (90 50) + cosec (90 50)
+
cos 40cosec (90 40)
=
tan 50 + sec 50
tan 50 + sec 50
+ cos 40.
1
cos 40
= 1 + 1= 2.
7. LHS
= tan (A B) = tan (60 30) = tan 30
=
1
3
.
RHS
=
tan A tan B
1 + tan A tan B
=
tan 60 tan 30
1 tan 60 tan 30
+
=
1
3
3
1
1 + 3 .
3
=
3 1
3
1 1 +
=
2
3
2
=
1
3
= LHS. Hence verified.
8. RHS =
6 2
6 2 2
sin 3 sin 1
.
+ +1
cos cos cos

=
6 6 2 2
6
sin + cos +3sin cos
cos

=
( )
3
2 2
6
sin cos
cos
+
6 2 2
= sec = LHS. [ sin +cos = 1]
OR
Hint: Numerator of
LHS = tan + sec (sec
2
tan
2
)
= (tan + sec ) (tan + sec ) (sec tan )
= (tan + sec ) (1 sec + tan ).
9. cos + sin =
2
cos
cos
2
+ 2 cos sin + sin
2
= 2 cos
2
2 cos
2
cos
2
2 cos

sin = sin
2

cos
2
2 cos sin = sin
2

Adding sin
2
to both sides , we have
sin
2
+ cos
2
2 cos

sin = sin
2

+ sin
2

(cos

sin )
2
= 2 sin
2

cos

sin =
2
sin Hence proved.
10. Hint: l tan + m sec = n ...(i) l
l tan m sec = n ...(ii) l
ll tan + ml sec = nl
l l tan m l sec = n l
+
(m l + ml) sec = nl n l
sec
nl n l
m l ml
' '
' '
+
Similarly, tan
nm mn
lm ml
' '
' '
+
+
.
WORKSHEET58
1. (D) Given expression
=
2 2
2 2
cos (90 70 ) cos 70
sec (90 40 ) cot 40
+

+ 2 {cosec
2
58 cot 58 tan (90 58)}
=
2 2
2 2
sin 70 + cos 70
cosec 40 cot 40
+ 2 (cosec
2
58 cot
2
58)
=
1
1
+ 2(1) = 1 + 2 = 3.
2. (A) sec 5A= cosec (A 36)
sec 5A= sec {90 (A 36)}
5A= A + 126 A = 21.
3. (D) Given expression
= sin
2
5 + sin
2
10 ... + sin
2
40 + sin
2
45
+ sin
2
50 + ... + sin
2
80 + sin
2
85 + sin
2
90
= cos
2
85 + cos
2
80 + .... + cos
2
50 +
2
1
2
_

,
+ sin
2
50 + .... + sin
2
80 + sin
2
85 + (1)
2
= (cos
2
85 + sin
2
85) + (cos
2
80 + sin
2
80)
+ .... + (cos
2
50 + sin
2
50) +
1
2
+ 1
= (1 + 1 + .... 8 terms) +
1
2
+ 1
83
= 8 +
1
2
+ 1 =
1
9
2
.
4. (A) tan 3x =
1
2
.
1
2
+
1
2
=
1
2
+
1
2
= 1
tan 3x = tan 45 x =
45
3
= 15.
5. (B) cosec A =
2
sin A =
1
2
cos A =
2
1 sin A
=
1
1
2
=
1
2
tan A = 1, cot A = 1
Now,
( )
2 2
2 2
2 sin A + 3 cot A
4 tan A cos A
=
1
2 + 3 1
2
1
4 1
2
_

,
=
4
2
= 2.
6. True
Hint:
a cos + b sin = 4 ...(i) sin
a sin b cos = 3 ...(ii) cos
a cos sin + b sin
2
= 4 sin
a sin cos b cos
2
= 3 cos
+
b = 4 sin 3 cos
Similarly, a = 4 cos + 3 sin
a
2
+ b
2
= 16 sin
2
+ 9 cos
2
12 sin

cos + 16 cos
2
+ 9 sin
2
+ 12 sin cos
16 + 9 25.
7. (a
2
b
2
) sin + 2ab
.
cos = a
2
+ b
2
Divide by cos
(a
2
b
2
) tan + 2ab =
2 2
cos
a b +
(a
2
b
2
) tan + 2ab = (a
2
+ b
2
)
.
sec
= (a
2
+ b
2
.
2
1 tan +
Squaring both sides:
(a
2
b
2
)
2
tan
2
+ 4 a
2
b
2
+ 4 ab (a
2
b
2
) tan
= (a
2
+ b
2
)
2
(1 + tan
2
)
= (a
2
+ b
2
)
2
+ (a
2
+ b
2
)
2
tan
2
[(a
2
b
2
)
2
(a
2
+ b
2
)
2
] tan
2
+ 4 a
2
b
2
+ 4 ab
(a
2
b
2
) tan (a
2
+ b
2
)
2
= 0
4a
2
b
2
tan
2
+ 4ab (a
2
b
2
) tan a
4
b
4
+ 2a
2
b
2
= 0
4a
2
b
2
tan
2
+ 4ab (a
2
b
2
) tan
(a
2
b
2
)
2
= 0
4a
2
b
2
tan
2
4ab (a
2
b
2
) tan + (a
2
b
2
)
2
= 0
[2ab tan (a
2
b
2
)]
2
= 0
2ab tan = a
2
b
2
tan =
2 2
2
a b
ab
.
8. Hint: Use (a
2
+ b
2
)
3
= a
6
+ b
6
+ 3a
2
b
2
(a
2
+ b
2
).
9. LHS
=
( )( )
3 3
1+ cot A + tan A sin A cos A
sec A cosec A
=
( )
3 3
cos A sin A
1 + + sin A cos A
sin A cos A
1 1
cos A sin A
_

,
=
2 2
3 3
1
(sin A cos A + cos A + sin A)
sin A cos A
(sin A cos A)
1
(sin A cos A)
sin A cos A
= (sin
2
A + cos
2
A + sin A cos A)
= sin
2
A
.
cos
2
A = RHS. Hence proved.
10. m = cosec sin =
1
sin
sin
=
2
1 sin
sin
=
2
cos
sin
n = sec cos =
1
cos
cos
=
2
1 cos
cos
=
2
sin
cos
Now, LHS =
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
3 3
m n mn +
=
2
4 2
3
2
cos sin
cos sin
_

,
+
2
2 4
3
2
cos sin
sin cos
_

,
=
( )
2
3
3
cos
+
( )
2
3
3
sin
= cos
2
+ sin
2
= 1 = RHS.
OR
LHS
= (1 + cot A cosec A)(1 + tan A + sec A)
=
cos A 1
1
sin A sin A
_
+

,
sin A 1
1
cos A cos A
_
+ +

,
=
sin A + cos A 1
sin A

cos A + sin A + 1
cos A
=
( )
2
2
sin A + cos A 1
sin A cos A
=
2 2
sin A + 2 sin A cos A + cos A 1
sin A cos A
=
2 sin A cos A
sin A cos A
= 2
= RHS. Hence proved.
ASSESSMENT SHEET9
1. (B) cos 30 =
BC
AC

3
2
=
10
x
x =
20
3
x =
20 3
3
cm
sin 30 =
AB
AC

1
2
=
3
20 3
y
y =
10 3
3
cm.
2. (D) tan 2 = cot ( + 15)
tan 2 = tan [90 ( + 15)].
3. We know: sin = cos (90 )
so, given expression
=

2
cos(90 35 )
cos 55

+
2
cos 55
cos(90 35 )

, ,

2 cos 60
=
2
cos 55
cos 55
_

,
+
2
cos 55
cos 55
_

,
2
1
2
= 1 + 1 1 = 1.
4. True, because LHS = tan 60 =
3
and
RHS =
2
2tan30
1 tan 30
=
2
3
1
1
3
+
=
3
.
5. 2 (sin
6
A + cos
6
A) 3 (cos
4
A + sin
4
A) + 1
= 2{(sin
2
A + cos
2
A)
3
3sin
2
A cos
2
A
(sin
2
A + cos
2
A)}
3{(sin
2
A + cos
2
A)
2
2sin
2
A cos
2
A} + 1
[ (a + b)
3
= a
3
+ b
3
+ 3ab(a + b)
and (a + b)
2
= a
2
+ b
2
+ 2ab]
= 2(1 3sin
2
A cos
2
A) 3(1 2sin
2
A
cos
2
A) + 1
[ sin
2
A + cos
2
A = 1]
= 2 6 sin
2
A cos
2
A 3 + 6 sin
2
A cos
2
A
+ 1 = 0
6. 2
sin x + cos y
= 1 (Given)
2
sin x + cos y
= 2
0
sin x + cos y = 0 ... (i)
2 2
sin cos
16
x y +
= 4 (Given)
( )
2 2
sin cos
2
4
x y +
= 4
( )
2 2
2 sin cos
4
x y +
= 4
1
2(sin
2
x + cos
2
y) = 1 ... (ii)
Substituting cos y = sin x from (i) in (ii),
we get 2(sin
2
x + sin
2
x) = 1 sin
2
x =
1
4
sin x =
1
2
When sin x =
1
2
, cos y =
1
2
When sin x =
1
2
, cos y =
1
2
Hence, sin x =
1
2
, cos y =
1
2
or sin x =
1
2
,
cos y =
1
2
.
7. We know that
sin (90 ) = cos , tan (90 ) = cot ,
sec(90 ) = cosec
85
Now,
2 2
2 2
sec (90 ) cot
2(sin 25 sin 65 )

+
+
2 2 2
2 2
2cos 60 tan 28 tan 62
3(sec 43 cot 47 )

=
( )
2 2
2 2
sec (90 ) cot
2 sin 25 cos 90 25

+
+
( )
2 2 2
2 2
2cos 60 tan 28 tan (90 28 )
3 sec 43 cot 90 43
+

=
( )
2 2
2 2
cosec cot
2 sin 25 cos 25

+
+
2 2 2
2 2
.
2cos 60 + tan 28 cot 28
3(sec 43 tan 43 )

=
1
2 1
1
4
2 1 3 1

+

=
1 1
2 6
+ =
2
3
.
8. Given equation are:
sin + cos = p ... (i)
sec + cosec = q ... (ii)
Squaring both the sides of equation (i),
we get
sin
2
+ cos
2
+ 2sin cos = p
2
Subtract unity from both the sides to get
p
2
1 = 2sin cos ... (iii)
Equation (ii) can be written as
q =
1
cos
+
1
sin
q =
sin cos
sin cos
+

... (iv)
From equations (iii) and (iv), we get
q (p
2
1) =
sin cos
sin cos
+

2sin cos
q (p
2
1) = 2(sin + cos )
q (p
2
1) = 2p. Hence proved.
ASSESSMENT SHEET10
1. (A) Given expression
= sin 25 cos (90 25) + cos 25
sin (90 25)
= sin
2
25 + cos
2
25 = 1.
2. (B)
2sin cos
2sin cos

+
=
2sin cos
cos cos
cos 2sin
cos cos

+

=
2tan 1
2tan 1
+
=
4
2 1
3
4
2 1
3
+
=
5
11
.
3.
cos 45
sec 30 cosec 30
+
=
1
2
2
2
3
+
=
( )
1
2
2 1 3
3
+
=
1
2

( )
3
2 1 3 +
=
( )
( )( )
3 3 1
2 2 3 1 3 1
+
=
3 3
4 2
2
2
=
3 2 6
8
.
4. False, because cos
2
23 sin
2
67 = 0, 0 is
not a positive value.
5. LHS =
cos A
1+ sin A
+
1 sinA
cos A
+
=
( )
( )
2
2
cos A+ 1 + sinA
1 + sinA cosA
=
( )
2 2
cos A + 1 + sin A + 2sin A
1 + sin A cos A
=
( )
2 2sin A
1 sin A cos A
+
+
=
( )
( )
2 1 sinA
1 sin A cos A
+
+
=
2
cos A
= 2 sec A
6. Let us construct a triangle ABC in which
AB = BC = AC = a (say). Draw AD BC.
AD bisects BC
BD= DC =
2
a
AD bisects BAC
= 30
In right angled ABD.
AD
2
= AB
2
BD
2
= a
2

2
2
a
_

,
= a
2

2
4
a
=
2
3
4
a
AD=
3
2
a
Now, in ABD,
tan =
BD
AD
tan 30 =
2
3
2
a
a
tan 30 =
1
3
.
7. ( a
2
b
2
) sin + 2ab cos = a
2
+ b
2
(Given)
Divide both sides by cos to get
( a
2
b
2
) tan + 2ab = (a
2
+ b
2
) sec
(a
2
b
2
)
2
tan
2
+ 4a
2
b
2
+ 4ab(a
2
b
2
) tan
= (a
2

+ b
2
)
2
sec
2
(a
2
b
2
)
2
tan
2
(a
2

+ b
2
)
2
tan
2
+ 4ab
(a
2
b
2
) tan (a
2

+ b
2
)
2
+ 4a
2
b
2
= 0
( sec
2
= 1 + tan
2
)
4a
2
b
2
tan
2
+ 4ab (a
2
b
2
) tan
(a
2
b
2
)
2
= 0
4a
2
b
2
x
2
+

4ab (a
2
b
2
) x (a
2
b
2
)
2
= 0
where x = tan
This is a quadratic equation in x.
Here, discriminant,
D =
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
16 4 4 a b a b a b a b
= 0
x =
2 2 2 2
2 2
4 ( ) 0
2 2 ( 4 )
ab a b a b
ab a b

tan
2 2
2
a b
ab
. Hence proved.
8. Since ABC is a acute angled triangle
so, A < 90, B < 90 and C < 90.
Also A + B + C = 180 ....(i )
sin (A + B C) =
1
2
(Given)
sin (A + B C) = sin 30
A + B C = 30 .... (ii )
Similarly, B + C A = 45 .... (iii )
Add equations (ii ) and (iii ) to get
2B = 75 B =
1
37
2
Subtract equation (ii) from equation (i) to get

2C = 150 C = 75
Subtract equation (iii) from equation (i) to get
2A = 135 A =
1
67
2
Thus, A =
1
67
2
, B =
1
37
2
and C = 75.
CHAPTER TEST
1. (A) x =
sec
2
and
1
x
=
tan
2

2
2
1
2 x
x
_

,
= 2
2 2
sec tan
4 4
_

,
=
2 2
sec tan
2
4
_

,
=
1
2
.
2. (C) Hint.
( )
2 2
2 2
cos 20 + cos 70
2 sin 59 sin 31
+
=
2
k
( )
2 2
2 2
sin 70 cos 70
2 sin 59 cos 59
+
+
=
2
k
1 2
2 k
k = 4.
3. (C) sin
4
+ cos
4
= 1 + 4k sin
2
cos
2
(sin
2
+ cos
2
)
2
2 sin
2
cos
2
= 1 + 4k sin
2
cos
2
2 sin
2

cos
2
(1 2k) = 0
1 2k = 0 k =
1
2
.
87
4. tan = 4
tan
2
+ 1 = 4
2
+ 1
sec
2
=
17
1
10
(tan
2
+ 2 sec
2
) =
1
10
(16 + 2 17)
= 5.
5. False.
Suppose A = 30 and B = 60
Then, LHS = tan (A + B) = tan (30 + 60)
= tan 90
LHS = undefined .... (i)
and RHS = tan A + tan B = tan 30
+ tan 60
=
1
3
+
3
=
1 3
3
+
=
4
3
RHS = a real number .... (ii)
From results (i) and (ii ), it is clear that the
given identity is false.
6.
1
7
Hint: cos 55 = cos (90 35) = sin 35
cos 70 = sin 20
and tan 5 = cot 85.
7.
13
4
.
Hint: sin 30 =
1
2
= cos 60, sin 60 =
3
2
,
cos 45 =
1
2
= sin 45, sin 90 = 1.
8. sin + cos = a
Square both sides.
sin
2
+ cos
2
+ 2 sin cos = a
2
2 sin cos = a
2
1
sin cos =
2
1
2
a
... (i)
Now, sin
6
+ cos
6
=
( )
3
2 2
sin cos +
3 sin
2
cos
2
(sin
2
+ cos
2
)
= 1
3
3
2
2
1
2
a

(1)
[Using equation (i)]
= 1
( )
2
2
3
1
4
a =
2 2
4 3 ( 1)
4
a
.
Hence proved.
9. LHS =
( )
( )
2
2
sec tan 1
sec tan 1
+
+ +
=
2 2
2 2
sec + tan + 2 sec tan 1
sec + tan + 2 sec tan + 1

=
( )
( )
2 2
2 2
sec 1 + tan + 2 sec tan
sec + tan + 1 2 sec tan

+
=
2 2
2 2
tan + tan + 2 sec tan
sec + sec + 2 sec tan

=
2 tan (tan + sec )
2 sec (sec + tan )

=
tan
sec
= tan cos
=
sin
cos
. cos = sin = RHS.

Hence proved.
OR
sin A sin B cos A cos B
cos A + cos B sin A + sin B
+
=
( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
sin A sin B sin A + sin B
cos A cos B cos A cos B
+ +
=
( )( )
2 2 2 2
sin A sin B cos A cos B
+
=
( )
( )( )
2 2 2 2
sin A cos A) (sin B cos B
+ +
=
( )( )
1 1
= 0 which is an integer.
6
Chapter
STATISTICS
WORKSHEET62
1. (B)
Hint: 3 Median = Mode + 2 Mean.
2. (C) Since the mode is 7
2k 1 = 7 k = 4.
3. In such case, mean will increase by 3.
New mean = 18 + 3 = 21.
4. Hint: Mean =
i i
i
f x
f
.
5.
Class
Frequency ( f )
Cumulative
interval Frequency (cf )
0-8 8 8
8-16 10 18
16-24 16 34
24-32 24 58
32-40 15 73
40-48 7 80
N = 80
For median class,
N 80
=
2 2
=

40
In the cumulative frequency column, 58 is
just greater than 40.
So, 24-32 is the median class.
Here, l = 24, cf = 34, f = 24,
N
2
= 40, h = 8
Using formula:
Median = l +
N
cf
h
f
1

( )
= 24 +
40 34
8 = 26
24
1

( )
Hence, median of the given distribution is 26.
6. 36.25
Hint: Here maximum class frequency is 32.
So, the modal class is 30-40.
Now, l = 30, f
1
= 32, f
0
= 12, f
2
= 20, h = 10
Use the formula:
Mode = l +
1 0
1 0 2
2
f f
f f f
1

( )
h.
7. Hint:
Production No. of Production c.f.
yield farms yield
50-55 2 more than 50 100
55-60 8 more than 55 98
60-65 12 more than 60 90
65-70 24 more than 65 78
70-75 38 more than 70 54
75-80 16 more than 75 16
Total 100 more than 80 0
For more than ogive plot following points.
(50, 100), (55, 98), (60, 90), (65, 78), (70, 54),
(75, 16), (80, 0).
WORKSHEET63
1. (B) 2. (B) median.
3. The given distribution can be represented as:
Marks obtained No. of students
0-10 5
10-20 3
20-30 4
30-40 3
40-50 6
More than 50 42
Clearly, the frequency of the class 30-40 is 3.
4. Let us rewrite the given table with cumu-
lative frequencies.
Class interval f cf
0-5 10 10
5-10 15 25
10-15 12 37
15-20 20 57
20-25 9 66
N = 66
89
T A T S L T S I S C I
N = 66
N
2
= 33
Median class = 10-15
Mode class = 15-20
Required sum = 10 + 15 = 25.
5. In the given distribution, maximum class
frequency is 20, so the modal class is 40-50.
Here, lower limit of modal class: l = 40
Frequency of the modal class: f
1
= 20
Frequency of the class preceding the modal
class: f
0
= 12
Frequency of the class succeeding the modal
class: f
2
= 11
Size of class: h = 10
Using the formula:
Mode = l +
1 0
1 0 2
2
f f
f f f
1

( )
h
= 40 +
20 12
10
2 20 12 11
1

( )
= 40 + 4.70 = 44.70.
Hence, mode of the given data is 45 cars.
6. Let us rewritten the table with class intervals.
Class interval f cf
36-38 0 0
38-40 3 3
40-42 2 5
42-44 4 9
44-46 5 14
46-48 14 28
48-50 4 32
50-52 3 35
N = 35
We mark the upper class limits on x-axis
and with a suitable scale cumulative
frequencies on y-axis with a suitable scale.
We plot the points (38, 0); (40, 3); (42, 5);
(44, 9); (46, 14); (48, 28); (50, 32) and (52, 35).
These points are joined by a free hand
smooth curve to obtain a less than type ogive
as shown in the figure.
To obtain median from the graph:
We first locate the point corresponding to
N
2
=
35
2
= 17.5 students on the y-axis. From
this point, draw a line parallel to the x-axis
to cut the curve at P. From the point P,
draw a perpendicular PQ on the x-axis to
meet it at Q. The x-coordinate of Q is 46.5.
Hence, the median is 46.5 kg.
Let us verify this median using the formula.
Median = l +
N
2
cf
f

h
= 46 +
17.5 14
14

2
= 46 +
7
14
= 46 + 0.5
= 46.5 kg.
Thus, the median is the same in both
methods.
7. In the given data, the class intervals are
formed by exclusive method. But we can
convert the series into inclusive form as:

Let the assumed mean be a = 57 and h = 3
Now, using the formula:
Mean = a +

i i
i
f u
f
h
= 57 +
25
400
3
= 57.19.
WORKSHEET64
1. (A)
Hint:
5 + 8+ 3+ 2 N
9 = =
2 2
.
2. (D) We have
Mode = 3 Median 2 Mean
45 = 3 Median 2 27
Median = 33.
3. (C) mid-points of the classes.
4. Required number of athletes
= 2 + 4 + 5 + 71 = 82.
5.
Let us assumed mean be a = 52 and
h = 20
Using the formula:
Mean = a +
i i
i
f u
h
f
50 = 52 +
1 2
2.8 1.1 + 0.9
20
120
f f

1.1 f
1
0.9 f
2
= 9.2 ...(i)
But
68 + f
1
+ f
2
= 120
f
1
+ f
2
= 52 ...(ii)
Solving (i) and (ii), we obtain
f
1
= 28 and
f
2
= 24.
6. Let us convert the given data into less than
type distribution.
Class
f
Lifetimes
cf
interval (in hrs.)
0-20 10 less than 20 10
20-40 35 less than 40 45
40-60 52 less than 60 97
60-80 61 less than 80 158
80-100 38 less than 100 196
100-120 29 less than 120 225
We mark the upper class, limits along the
x-axis with a suitable scale and the cumu-
lative frequencies along the y-axis with a
suitable scale. For this, we plot the points
A(20, 10), B(40, 45), C(60, 97), D(80, 158),
E(100, 196) and F(120, 225) on a graph paper.
These points are joined by a free hand
smooth curve to obtain a less than type ogive
as shown in the following figure.
91
7. The given distribution can be again
represented with the cumulative frequencies
as given below:
Class
f
i
x
i
cf f
i
x
i
interval
100-120 12 110 12 1320
120-140 14 130 26 1820
140-160 8 150 34 1200
160-180 6 170 40 1020
180-200 10 190 50 1900
50 7260
Mean:
Mean =
i i
i
f x
f
f
i
= 50 and f
i
x
i
= 7260
Mean =
7260
50
= 145.20.
Hence, the mean is Rs. 145.20
Median:
Median = l +
N
2
cf
f

h
N = 50,
2
N
= 25, f = 14, cf = 12,
l = 120 and h = 20
Median = 120 +
25 12
14

20
= 120 + 18.57 = 138.57
Hence, the median is Rs. 138.57.
Mode:
Mode = l +
1 0
1 0 2
2
f f
f f f

h
l = 120, f
1
= 14, f
0
= 12
f
2
= 8 and h = 20
Mode = 120 +
14 12
2 14 12 8

20
= 120 +
40
8
= 125
Hence, the mode is Rs. 125.
8. Given that median is 28.5. It lies in the class
interval 20-30, so 20-30 is the median class.
Further N = 60
x + y + 45 = 60
x + y = 15 .... (i)
Median = l +
N
2
cf
h
f
1

( )
28.5 =
( ) 30 5 +
20 + 10
20
x

l
l
l
l
x = 8 ...(ii)
x = 8 and y = 7.
WORKSHEET65
1. (B)
Hint:
Class interval Frequency Cumulative
(C.I.) ( f ) Frequency
0-10 4 4
10-20 4 8
20-30 8 16
30-40 10 26
40-50 12 38
50-60 8 46
60-70 4 50
2. (A)
Hint:
Draw a line parallel to the x-axis at the point
y =
40
2
= 20. This line cuts the curve at a
point. From this point, draw a perpendi-
cular to the x-axis. The point of intersection
of this perpendicular with the x-axis deter-
mines the median of the data.
3. The given distribution can also be represented
as follows:
Class interval Frequency
0-10 3
10-20 9
20-30 15
30-40 30
40-50 18
50-60 5
As the maximum frequency is 30, the modal
class is 30-40.
4.
C.I. f
i
x
i
f
i
x
i
1-3 9 2 18
3-5 22 4 88
5-7 27 6 162
7-10 17 8.5 144.5
f
i
= 75 f
i
x
i
= 412.5
Mean =
412.5
5.5
75
i i
i
f x
f
= =
.
5. In the given distribution, the classes are in
the inclusive form. Let us convert it into
exclusive form by subtracting
163 162
,
2
i.e.,
0.5 from lower limit and adding the same to
upper limit of each class.
Class interval f
159.5-162.5 15
162.5-165.5 118
165.5-168.5 142
168.5-171.5 127
171.5-174.5 18
Here, the maximum frequency is 142.
l = 165.5, f
l
= 142, f
0
= 118, f
2
= 127, h = 3
Now,
mode = l +
1 0
1 0 2
2
f f
f f f

h
= 165.5 +
142 118
284 118 127

3
= 165.5 + 1.85 = 167.35
Hence, the modal height of the students is
167.35 cm.
6. The given data may be re-tabulated by the
following manner with corresponding
cumulative frequencies.
93
Heights (cm.) No. of Girls Cumulative
C.I. ( f ) frequency
(cf )
Below 140 4 4
140-145 7 11
145-150 18 29
150-155 11 40
155-160 6 46
160-165 5 51
N = 51
Now, N = 51. So,
N
2
= 25.5.
This observation lies in the class 145-150.
Then l = 145, cf = 11, f = 18, h = 5
Now, median = l +
N

2

cf
h
f

= 145 +

25.5 11
5
18

= 149.03.
Hence, the median height of the girls is
149.03 cm.
7. Class Mid- Fre- u
i
=
f
i
u
i
interval values quency
(x
i
) (f
i
)
10-30 20 5
40
2
20
=
10
30-50 40 8
20
1
20
=
8
50-70 60 = A 12
0
0
20
=
0
70-90 80 20
20
1
20
=
20
90-110 100 3
40
2
20
=
6
110-130 120 2
60
3
20
=
6
f
i
= f
i
u
i
=
50 14
Let assumed mean be A = 60
h = 20
Mean = A + h
i i
i
f u
f

= 60 + 20
14
50

= 60 + 5.6 = 65.6
Hence, the required arithmetic mean is 65.6.
8. 69.5.
Hint: Change the given distribution into
less than type and more than type
distributions. For drawing the less than
type ogive, take upper class limits and
corresponding cumulative frequencies; and
drawing the more than type ogive take
lower class limits and corresponding
cumulative frequencies.
ASSESSMENT SHEET11
1. (A) Here, a = 25, h = 10.
x = a + h
i i
i
f u
f

= 25 + 10
20
100

= 27.
2. (B) Sum of 11 numbers = 11 35 = 385
Sum of first 6 numbers = 6 32 = 192
Sum of last 6 numbers = 6 37 = 222
6th number = 192 + 222 385 = 29.
3. The modal class is 30-40.
h = 10, f
1
= 32, f
0
= 12, f
2
= 20, l = 30.
Mode = l +
1 0
1 0 2
2
f f
f f f

h
= 30 +
32 12
64 12 20

10
= 30 + 6.25
= 36.25.
A
i
x
h
4. False, the reason is given below:
N = 5 + 15 + 30 + 8 + 2 = 60
N
2
= 30
Since 30 lies in the interval 30-60, so the
median will lie in 30-60.
5. x
i
f
i
f
i
x
i
3 5 15
6 2 12
7 3 21
4 2 8
p + 3 4 4p + 12
8 6 48
f
i
= 22 f
i
x
i
= 4p + 116
Mean =
i i
i
f x
f
6 =
4 116
22
p +
132 = 4p + 116
4p = 16 p = 4.
6.
Class interval
Frequency
( f )
0-20 4
20-40 6
40-60 18
60-80 8
80-100 14
The class corresponding to the maximum
frequency is 40-60. So, 40-60 is the modal
class.
Mode = l +
0
1 0 2
2
i
f f
f f f

h
Here, l = 40, f
1
= 18, f
0
= 6, f
2
= 8 and h = 20
Mode = 40 +
18 6
2 18 6 8

20
= 40 +
12 20
22
= 50.91.
7. We notice classes are continuous. We form
cumulative frequency table by less than
method.
Marks Number Marks cf Point
(C.I.) of stu- less
dents than
0-10 5 10 5 (10, 5)
10-20 8 20 13 (20, 13)
20-30 10 30 23 (30, 23)
30-40 9 40 32 (40, 32)
40-50 6 50 38 (50, 38)
50-60 7 60 45 (60, 45)
On plotting these points on a graph paper
and joining them by a free hand smooth
curve, we get a curve called less than ogive.

8. f
1
+ f
2
= 25 ... (i)
as median is 32 which lies in 30-40
So median class is 30-40.
l = 30; h = 10; f = 30; N = 100
c.f. = 10 + f
1
+ 25 = f
1
+ 35.
Median = l +
(N/2 ) cf
f
h
f
1
= 9 from (i) f
2
= 16.
ASSESSMENT SHEET12
1. (D) x
1
+ x
2
+ ................ + x
n
= n
x

1 2
x x
k k
+ + .......... +
n
x n
x
k k
=
(Dividing through by k)
95

1 2
.........
x x xn
k k k
n
+ + +
=
x
k
(Dividing throught by n)
Required mean =
x
k
.
2. (B) The first ten prime numbers are:
2, 3, 4, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29.
Median =
11 13
2
+
=
24
2
= 12.
3. Mean =
i i
i
f x
f
15 =
5 6 10 15 6 20
10 25 5
6 6 10 5
k
k
+ + +
+
+ + + +
445 10
27
k
k
+
+
= 15 k = 8.
4. False, because the values of these three
measures depends upon the type of data, so
it can be the same.
5. Let us use the assumed mean method to
find the mean of the given data.
Marks No. of Class d
i
=
f
i
d
i (C.I.) students mark x
i
35
( f
i
) (x
i
)
0-10 4 5 30 120
10-20 6 15 20 120
20-30 8 25 10 80
30-40 10 35 0 0
40-50 12 45 10 120
50-60 30 55 20 600
f
i
= 70 f
i
d
i
= 400
Here, assumed mean, a = 35
Now, required mean = a +
i i
i
f d
f
= 35 +
400
70
= 35 + 5.71 = 40.71.
6. Since mode = 36, which lies in the class
interval 30-40, so the modal class is 30-40.
f
1
= 16, f
0
= f, f
2
= 12, l = 30 and h = 10.
Now, mode = l +
1 0
1 0 2
2
f f
f f f

h
36 = 30 +
16
32 12
f
f

10
6
10
=
16
20
f
f
120 6f = 160 10f

4f = 40 f = 10.
7. The cumulative frequency table for the given
data is given below:
Marks No. of Cumulative
(C.I.) students frequency
( f ) (cf )
0-10 10 10
10-20 f
1
10 + f
1
20-30 25 35 + f
1
30-40 30 65 + f
1
40-50 f
2
65 + f
1
+ f
2
50-60 10 72 + f
1
+ f
2
N = 75 + f
1
+ f
2
Clearly, N = 75 + f
1
+ f
2
But N = 100
f
1
+ f
2
= 25 .... (i)
N
2
= 50.
The median is 32 which lies in the class
30-40.
So, l = 30, f = 30, cf = 35 + f
1
, h = 10.
Using the formula:
Median = l +
N
2
cf
f

h
32 = 30 +
1
50 35
30
f

10
2
10
=
1
15
30
f
75 5f
1
= 30
f
1
=
75 30
5
f
1
= 9
Substitute f
1
= 9 in equation (i) we get
9 + f
2
= 25 f
2
= 16
Hence, f
1
= 9 and f
2
= 16.
8. We prepare the cumulative frequency table
by less than method as given below:
Scores Fre- Score Cumu- Point
quency less lative
than fre-
quency
( f ) ( f )
200-250 30 250 30 (250, 30)
250-300 15 300 45 (300, 45)
300-350 45 350 90 (350, 90)
350-400 20 400 110 (400, 110)
400-450 25 450 135 (450, 135)
450-500 40 500 175 (500, 175)
500-550 10 550 185 (550, 185)
550-600 15 600 200 (600, 200)
We plot the points given in above table on
a graph paper and then joint them by free
hand smooth curve to draw the cumulative
frequency curve by less than method.
Similarly can be drawn the cumulative
frequency curve by more than method. We
prepare the corresponding frequency table.
Scores Fre- Score Cumula- Point
quency more tive
(f) than fre-
quency
(cf)
200-250 30 200 200 (200, 200)
250-300 15 250 170 (250, 170)
300-350 45 300 155 (300, 155)
350-400 20 350 110 (350, 110)
400-450 25 400 90 (400, 90)
450-500 40 450 65 (450, 65)
500-550 10 500 25 (500, 25)
550-600 15 550 15 (550, 15)
We plot the points given in this last table on
the same graph and join them by free hand
smooth curve to draw the cumulative
frequency curve by more than method.
Median: The two curves intersect each other
a point. From this point, we draw a
perpendicular on the x-axis. The foot of this
perpendicular is P(375, 0). The abscissa of
the point P, i.e., 375 is the required median.
Hence, the median is 375.
CHAPTER TEST
1. (C) Let us rewrite the given distribution in
the other manner.
Marks No. of students
0-10 3
10-20 9
20-30 15
30-40 30
40-50 18
50-60 5
Clearly, the modal class is 30-40.
2. (A) Let f
i
= N
(f
i
x
i

x
) = f
i
x
i
Nx
= N
N
i i
f x
x

= N ( x x ) = 0.
97
3. Hint: First, find the cumulative frequency
table and N = 13 + 10 + 15 + 8 + 11 = 57

N
2
= 28.5.
4. Monthly income No. of
(in Rs.) families
10000-13000 15
13000-16000 16
16000-19000 19
19000-22000 17
22000-25000 18
Hence, required number of families is 19.
5. No, because an ogive is a graphical repre-
sentation of a cumulative frequency distri-
bution.
6. Yes; as we know
mode = 3 median 2 mean
3 median = mode + 2 mean
Median =
1
3
mode +
2
3
mean
= mode
2
3
mode +
2
3
mean
= mode +
2
3
(Mean Mode).
7. C.I. x
i
f
i
u
i
= f
i
u
i
A
i
x
h
800-820 810 7
40
2
20
= 14
820-840 830 14
20
1
20
= 14
840-860 850 19
0
0
20
= 0
860-880 870 15
20
1
20
= 15
880-900 890 9
40
2
20
= 18
f
i
= 64 f
i
u
i
= 5
Let assumed mean be
A = 850
h = 20
Mean = A +
i i
u f
fi

h
= 850 +
5
64

5
= 850 + 0.391
= 850.391.
Hence, the required mean is 850.391.
8. Mode = l +
1 0
1 0 2
2
f f
f f f

h
Here, l = 30, f
1
= 45,
f
0
= 30, f
2
= 12, h = 10
Mode = 30 +
45 30
90 30 12

10
= 30 + 3.125
= 33.125 marks.
9. 31.5 marks.
Hint:
Classes No. of Cumulative
students frequency
0-10 5 5
10-20 8 13
20-30 6 19
30-40 10 29
40-50 6 35
50-60 6 41
Draw the ogive by plotting the points:
(10, 15), (20, 13), (30, 19), (40, 29), (50, 35)
and (60, 41). Here
N
2
= 20.5. Locate the
point on the ogive whose ordinate is 20.5.
The x-coordinate of this point will be the
median.
Sol uti ons to Sol uti ons to Sol uti ons to Sol uti ons to Sol uti ons to
P PP PPRACTICE PAPERS RACTICE PAPERS RACTICE PAPERS RACTICE PAPERS RACTICE PAPERS
(SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENTS)
[FIRST TERM]
99 C E P R C T A I P A E R P S
Practice Paper-1
SECTION-A
1. (D)
.
.
.

14587
1250
=
14587 8
1250 8
=
116696
10000
= 11.6696.
2. (C)
.
.
.
LCM (x, y) =
HCF( , )
xy
x y
=
1800
150
12
.
3. (B) Let the zeroes of ax
3
+ bx
2
+ cx + d be
, and . We are given = 0.
+ + =
c
a
+ 0 + 0 =
c
a
=
c
a
.
4. (D)
1
2
a
a
=
6
2
= 3,
1
2
b
b
=
3
1
= 3,
1
2
c
c
=
10
9
i.e.,
1
2
a
b
=
1
2
b
b
1
2
c
c
The given lines are parallel.
5. (B) D = Q and E = R
DEF ~ QRP (AA rule of similarity)
DE
PQ

EF
RP
.
6. (A)
( ) ( ) + 3 1 3 cot 30
=
( ) ( )
+ 3 1 3 3
=
( )( )
+ 3 3 1 3 1 = 2 3 .
7. (C) 9 < 90 < 10
is an acute angle.
cos 9 = sin
cos 9 = cos
2

,
9 =
2
20
tan 5 = tan
4
= 1.
8. (B) Median.
9. (B) Consider,
3
sin = cos
sin
cos
=
1
3
tan
1
3
= 30
cos = cos 30 =
3
2
.
=
2 2
2 2
sin 35+sin (90 35)
cos 35+cos (90 35)
+ sin
2
63
+ cos 63sin (90 63)
=
2 2
2 2
(sin 35+ cos 35)
(cos 35+ sin 35)
+ (sin
2
63 + cos
2
63)
=
1
1
+ 1 ( sin
2
+ cos
2
= 1)
= 2.
SECTION-B
11. True, because out of any two consecutive
positive integers, one is even and the
other one is odd; and the product of an
even and an odd is even.
12. No, if two zeroes are and of polynomial
x
2
+ kx + k, then
+ = k and
.
= k
2 = k and
2
= k (when = )
=
2
k
and
2
= k.
PRACTICE PAPERS
2
4
k
= k (Comparing both)
k
2
= 4k k
2
4k = 0
k( k 4) = 0 k = 4, 0.
13. For infinitely many solutions,
13
39
=
6
k
=
+4
k
k
13
39
=
6
k
and
13
39
=
+4
k
k
k = 2 and 3k = k + 4
k = 2 and k = 2, i.e., k = 2.
14. Yes, because converse of Basic propor-
tionality theorem is applicable here as
PA
AQ
=
PB
BR
=
2
3
.
15. Let the given pole be AB and CD with
their feet B and D respectively (see figure).
PD = AD = 6 m
CP = 11 m 6 m = 5 m
And AP = BD = 12 m
Now, in right-angled triangle ACP,
AC
2
= CP
2
+ AP
2
AC =
2 2
5 + 12 =
169
= 13
Hence, distance between tops of the poles
is 13 metres.
16. False, because the range of sin is [1, 1]
but a +
1
a
2.
OR
See worksheet-50, sol. 6.
17. x
i
f
i
f
i
x
i
3 6 18
5 8 40
7 15 105
9 p 9p
11 8 88
13 4 52
f
i
= p + 41 f
i
x
i
= 9p + 303
Mean =
i i
i i
f x
f x
7.5 =
+
+
9 303
41
p
p
7.5p + 307.5 = 9p + 303
1.5p = 4.5
p = 3.
18. The maximum class frequency is 20.
The modal class is 15-20
Class f cf
0-5 10 10
5-10 15 25
10-15 12 37
15-20 20 57
20-25 9 66
N = 66
N
2
=
66
2
= 33
cf just more than 33 is 37.
Median class is 10-15
Now, required sum = 15 + 10 = 25.
SECTION-C
19. On the contrary let us assume that 2 3
3 2
is a rational number. Then, we can
take coprime a and b such that
a
b
=
2 3

3 2
2
2
a
b
= 12 + 18 12 6
(Squaring both the sides)
12 6 = 30
2
2
a
b
6
=
2 2
2
30
12
b a
b
.
Since, a and b are integers, therefore, RHS
of this last equation is rational and so LHS
must be rational.
But this contradicts the fact that
6
is
irrational.
This contradiction has arisen due to
incorrect assumption that
2 3

3 2
is
a rational number.
So, we conclude that
2 3

3 2
is an
irrational number.
20. Let a be any odd positive integer. Then it
is of the form 6m + 1, 6m + 3 or 6m + 5,
where m is an integer.
Here, 3 cases arise.
Case I: When a = 6m + 1,
a
2
= (6m + 1)
2
= 36m
2
+ 12m + 1
= 12m (3m + 1) + 1
= 6q + 1, where q = 2m (3m + 1).
Case II: When a = 6m + 3,
a
2
= (6m + 3)
2
= 36m
2
+ 36m + 9
= 36m
2
+ 36m + 6 + 3
= 6(6m
2
+ 6m + 1) + 3 = 6q + 3,
where q = 6m
2
+ 6m + 1.
Case III: When a = 6m + 5,
a
2
= (6m + 5)
2
= 36m
2
+ 60m + 25
= 36m
2
+ 60m + 24 + 1
= 12(3m
2
+ 5m + 2) + 1 = 6q + 1,
where q = 2(3m
2
+ 5m + 2).
Hence, a
2
is of the form 6q + 1 or 6q + 3.
OR
21. Since 5 x is a factor of
f (x) = x
3
3 5 x
2
+ 13x 3 5 ,
so as f (x) may be rewritten.
f(x) = x
3
3 5 x
2
+ 13x
3 5
= x
3

5
x
2

2 5
x
2
+ 10x
+ 3x
3 5
= x
2
( )
5 x
( )
2 5 5 x x
+
( )
3 5 x
= ( )
5 x
( )
2
2 5 + 3 x x
To find zeroes of f(x), put f(x) = 0.
( )
5 x
( )
+
2
2 5 3 x x
= 0
5 x = 0 or x
2

2 5
+ 3 = 0
x =
5
or
x =
2 5 20 4 1 3
2
x =
5
or x =
2 5 2 2
2
x =
5
or
x =
5
+
2
or
5

2
Hence all the zeroes of f (x) are
5
,
5
+
2
and
5

2
.
22. The given pair of equations may be re-
written as
+
2
x y
xy
=
2
3
;
2 x y
xy
=
10
3
i.e,
1
x
+
1
y
=
4
3
;
1
x
+
2
y
=
10
3
Adding this last pair, we get
3
y
= 2
y =
3
2
Substituting y =
3
2
in the first equation
of last pair, we get
1
x
+
1
3
2
=
4
3

1
x

2
3
=
4
3
1
x
= 2 x =
1
2
Hence, x =
1
2
, y =
3
2
is the required
solution.
23. Let the length of each side of the given
equilateral triangle be a, then
AB = BC = CA = a ...(i)
BD=
3
a
...(ii)
Draw APBC to meet BC at P. P will be
the mid-point of BC, that is
BP =
2
a
...(iii)
DP = BP BD =
2
a
3
a
=
6
a
...(iv)
[Using (ii) and (iii)]
Now, in right-angled triangle APB,
AP
2
= AB
2
BP
2
AP
2
= a
2

2
4
a
AP
2
=
2
3
4
a
...(v)
Also, in right-angled triangle APD,
AD
2
= AP
2
+ DP
2
AD
2
=
2
3
4
a
+
2
36
a
=
2 2
27
36
a a +
[From (iv) and (v)]
36AD
2
= 28a
2
9AD
2
= 7a
2
9AD
2
= 7AB
2
. Hence proved.
24. BAD= 90 CAD
( BAC = 90)
= 90 (90 ACD)
( ADC = 90)
BAD= ACD ...(i)
BDA= ADC = 90 ...(ii)
Using equations (i) and (ii) in ABD and
CAD, we have
ABD ~ CAD
(AA rule of similarity)
BD
AD
=
AD
CD
(Corresponding parts)
BD
.
CD = AD
2
.
OR
25.

+
cos sin
cos sin
=

+
1 3
1 3

cos sin
cos cos
1 3
sin cos
1 3
cos cos

+
+

1 tan
1 tan
+
=

+
1 3
1 3
tan
3
= 60.
26. In ABC,
tan A=
1
2 2
=
BC
AB
AC =
2 2
(1) (2 2) +
=
1 8 +
= 3
sin A=
1
3
, cos A =
2 2
3
,
sin C =
2 2
3
, cos C =
1
3
Now, sin A. cos C + cos A. sin C
=
1
3
1
3
+
2 2
3
2 2
3
=
1
9
+
8
9
= 1.
27. We will use the step-deviation method.
Let a = 45. Here h = 10
Mean = a +
i i
i
f u
h
f
_
,
= 45 +
29
85
10
= 45 + 3.41
= 48.41.
28. The given data is
C.I. 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35
f 10 15 30 80 40 20 5
From the table, maximum occuring
frequency is 80. So, modal class is 15-20.
Mode = l +
1 0
1 0 2
2
f f
f f f
_

,
h
Here, l = 15, f
1
= 80, f
0
= 30, f
2
= 40, h = 5
Mode = 15 +
_

,
80 30
160 30 40
5
= 15 +
250
90
= 17.78
Hence, modal size is 17.78 hectares.
OR
SECTION-D
29. Let f (x) = 3 2 x
2
+ 13x + 6 2
= 3 2 x
2
+ 9x + 4x + 6 2
(Spliting middle term)
= 3x( 2x + 3) + 2 2 ( 2 x + 3)
= (3x + 2 2) ( 2 x + 3)
To find the zeroes of f (x), we have
3x + 2 2 = 0 or 2x + 3 = 0
x =
2 2
3
or
3
2
Zeroes of the given polynomial are
2 2
3
and
3
2
.
Now, sum of zeroes
2 2
3
+
3
2
=
13
3 2
=
2
Coefficient of
Coefficient of
x
x
Product of zeroes =
2 2
3

3
2
=
6 2
3 2
=
2
Constant term
Coefficient of x
.
Hence proved.
30. Let speed of the train be x km/hr and that
of the bus be y km/hr.
Distance
Speed
= Time
Case I: According to question, we get
60
x
+
300 60
y
= 4
60
x
+
240
y
= 4

15
x
+
60
y
= 1
1
x
+
4
y
=
1
15
...(i)
Marks
(C.I.)
No. of
students
( f
i
)
Class-
mark
x
i
d
i
=
x
i
45
u
i
=
10
i
d
f
i
u
i
0-10 5 5 40 4 20
10-20 4 15 30 3 12
20-30 8 25 20 2 16
30-40 12 35 10 1 12
40-50 16 45 0 0 0
50-60 15 55 10 1 15
60-70 10 65 20 2 20
70-80 8 75 30 3 24
80-90 5 85 40 4 20
90-100 2 95 50 5 10
f
i
= 85 f
i
u
i
= 29
Case II: According to the given conditions,
we get
300100 100
x y
_
+
,
= 4 +
10
60
100
x
+
200
y
=
25
6
4
x
+
8
y
=
1
6
Dividing by 4, we get
1
x
+
2
y
=
1
24
... (ii)
Use equation (i) equation (ii),
4
y

2
y
=
1
15

1
24

2
y
=
8 5
120
=
3
120
y =
1202
3
= 80 km/hr
Put y = 80 in equation (i), we get
1
x
+
4
80
=
1
15
1
x
=
1
15

1
20
=
4 3
60
=
1
60
x = 60 km/hr.
Hence, speed of the train = 60 km/hr
and speed of the bus = 80 km/hr.
OR
31. We are given a triangle ABC in which a
line PQ parallel to BC is drawn to intersect
the sides AB and AC at P and Q respectively.
We need to prove
AP
PB
=
AQ
QC
Join PC and QB. Draw QM AB and
PN AC.
Now,area of a triangle
=
1
2
base height
ar(APQ) =
1
2
AP MQ ...(i)
Also ar(APQ) =
1
2
AQ NP ...(ii)
Comparing equations (i) and (ii), we get
1
2
AP MQ =
1
2
AQ NP
AP
AQ
=
NP
MQ
...(iii)
Further, ar(BPQ) =
1
2
PB MQ ...(iv)
And ar(CQP) =
1
2
QC NP ...(v)
But triangles BPQ and CQP are on the
same base PQ and between the same
parallels PQ and BC, so their areas must
be equal.
i.e., ar(BPQ) = ar(CQP)
1
2
PB MQ=
1
2
QC NP
[Using equations (iv) and (v)]
PB
QC
=
NP
MQ
...(vi)
From, equations (iii) and (vi), we get
AP
AQ
=
PB
QC
AP
PB
=
AQ
QC
. Hence proved.
32. sin + cos =
3
(Given)
sin
2
+ cos
2
+ 2 sin cos = 3
(Squaring both the sides)
1 + 2 sin cos = 3
sin cos = 1 ...(i)
Now, tan + cot =
sin cos
cos sin

+

=
2 2
sin cos
sin cos
+
.

=
1
1
[Using (i)]
= 1. Hence proved.
33. Let us take LHS of the given identity.
2 2
2 2 2
tan cosec
tan 1 sec cosec

+

=
2
2
2
2
sin
cos
sin
1
cos
+
2
2 2
1
sin
1 1
cos sin

=
2
2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2 2
sin 1
cos sin
sin cos sin cos
cos sin . cos

+

=
2 2
2 2 2 2
sin cos
sin cos sin cos

+

=
2 2
2 2
sin cos
sin cos
+

=
2 2
1
sin cos
[
.
.
.
sin
2
+ cos
2
= 1]
OR
34. Let us prepare the cumulative frequency
table by more than method as given below:
We plot the points mentioning in the table
such that lower class limits are on the
x-axis and the cumulative frequencies are
on the y-axis. By joining these points by
free hand smooth curve, We obtain more
than type ogive as shown in the adjoining
graph.
To obtain median from graph:
Draw a line parallel to x-axis passing
through y =
50
2
= 25. This line meets the
ogive at (68.2, 25).
Median = 68.2.
Practice Paper2
SECTION-A
1. (C)
.
.
.

3 3 3
343
2 5 7
=
3 3
343
2 5 343
=
1
1000
= 0.001.
2. (B)
.
.
.
p(x) = 3x
2
(2x + 1) x + 3
= x
2
x + 3
( + ) =
1
1
3
1
= 1 3 = 2.
3. (A) As
( ABC)
( DEF)
ar
ar
=
2
2
BC
EF
(Result on areas of similar triangles)
54
( DEF) ar
=
2
2
3
4
ar(DEF) = 96 cm
2
.
Production
yield
(in kg/ha)
f
i
Production
yield
(in kg/ha)
more than
or equal to
50-55 2 50 50 (50, 50)
55-60 6 55 48 (55, 48)
60-65 8 60 42 (60, 42)
65-70 14 65 34 (65, 34)
70-75 15 70 20 (70, 20)
75-80 5 75 5 (75, 5)
Total 50
Point cf
D
E F
A
B C
4. (C) As cosec
2
cot
2
= 1
16 3k
2
= 1
k
2
=
15
3
k =
5
.
5. (C)
o o
o
cos (90 70 )
sin 70
+
2 cos
cos
=
2
k
o
o
sin 70
sin 70
+ 2 =
2
k
3 =
2
k
k = 6.
6. (D)
tan 45 = 1

2
2
1 tan 45
1+tan 45
=
1 1
1+1
= 0
= tan 0.
7. (B) Let us prepare the cumulative fre-
quency table from the given data.
Class Frequency Cumulative
interval frequency
10-15 4 4
15-20 7 11
20-25 20 31
25-30 8 39
30-35 1 40
N = 40
The cumulative frequency just greater
than
N
2
= 20 is 31 and its corresponding
class is 20-25. Hence 20-25 is the median
class.
8. (D) 0.
9. (D) The condition for the line parallel is:
1
2
a
a
=
1
2
b
b
=
1
2
c
c

3
2
=
2
5
c

2
1
c =
15
4
.
10. (B) As sin (45 + ) cos (45 )
= sin (45 + ) sin {90 (45 )
[
sin (90 ) = cos ]

= sin (45 + ) sin (45+ ) = 0.
SECTION-B
11. False, because
3
or 2
3
is an irrational
and sum or difference of a rational
number and an irrational number is an
irrational number.
12. No, since the discriminant is zero for
k =
1
2
.
13. The condition for infinitely many solutions
is
1
2
a
a
=
1
2
b
b
=
1
2
c
c
.
3
5
=
( +1)
1 2
a
a
=
2 1
3
b
b
3
5
=
( +1)
1 2
a
a
and
3
5
=
2 1
3
b
b
3 6a = 5a 5 and 9b = 10b 5
a = 8 and b = 5.
14. Yes, because PBC
and PDE are
similar by SAS rule.
as
BP
DP
=
PC
PE
=
1
2
and
BPC = DPE.
15. In the given ABC, DE AB
So by the Thales Theorem,
CD
AD
=
CE
BE
+3
3 +19
x
x
=
3 + 4
x
x
3x
2
+ 19x = 3x
2
+ 4x + 9x + 12
6x = 12
x = 2.
16. We have the identity:
sin
2
+ cos
2
= 1
2
2
a
b
+ cos
2
= 1 ( sin =
a
b
)
cos =
2
2
1
a
b
=
2 2
b a
b
.
17. The empirical relationship among the three
measures of central tendency is:
Mode = 3 Median 2 Mean
= 3 55 2 50
= 165 100 = 65.
OR
See Assessment sheet-11, sol. 4.
18. Let us convert the given less than type
distribution to normal distribution.
0-10 3
10-20 12 3 = 9
20-30 27 12 =15
30-40 57 27 =30
40-50 75 57 =18
50-60 80 75 = 5
From the table, the maximum frequency
is 30 and its corresponding class is 30-40.
Therefore, the modal class is 30-40.
SECTION-C
19. To prove that the pair of numbers
(847, 2160) is coprime by using Euclids
algorithm, we have to prove that the
highest common factor of the pair is 1.
Since 2160 > 847
2160 = 847 2 + 466
Since the remainder 466 0.
847 = 466 1 + 381
Since the new remainder 381 0.
466 = 381 1 + 85
381 = 85 4 + 41
85 = 41 2 + 3
41 = 3 13 + 2
3 = 2 1 + 1
2 = 1 2 + 0
Since, the remainder has now become zero,
the divisor at this stage is 1, the HCF of
847 and 2160 is 1.
OR
20. We have time =
distance
speed
Time taken by Abhay to cover one
complete round
=
360
12
= 30 hours
Time taken by Ravi to cover one complete
round
=
360
15
= 24 hours
Abhay and Ravi reach the starting point
respectively after 30 hours and 24 hours,
and their respective multiples. Therefore,
they will meet again at the starting point
after the time given by least common
multiple of 30 hours and 24 hours Let us
determine the LCM of 30 hours and 24
hours.
30 = 2 3 5,
24 = 2
3
3
LCM = 2
3
3 5 = 120
Hence, the required time is 120 hours.
21. Let and be the zeroes of 6x
2
+ x + k.

2
+
2
=( + )
2
2
=
2
1
2
6 6
_ _

, ,
k
=
1
36 3
k
But it is given that
2
+
2
=
25
36
25
36
=
1
36
3
k

3
k
=
24
36
k = 2.
OR
22. To solve a system of equations graphically
we need atleast two solutions of each
equation.
Two solutions of the equation 2x y = 2
are given in the following table:
x 0 3
y 2 4
Two solutions of the equation 4x y = 8
are given in the following table:
x 2 1
y 0 4
Let us draw the graph of the two given
equations.
From the graph, it is clear that the two
lines intersect each other at the point (3, 4).
Hence, the solution is x = 3, y = 4.
23. In right-angled triangle PQS,
PS
2
= PQ
2
+ QS
2
QS
2
= PS
2
PQ
2
2
QR
4
= PS
2
PQ
2
QR
2
= 4PS
2
4PQ
2
... (i)
In right-angled triangle PQR,
PR
2
= PQ
2
+ QR
2
= PQ
2
+ 4PS
2
4PQ
2
[Using (i)]
PR
2
= 4PS
2
3PQ
2
. Hence proved.
24. Draw RM PQ.
In PRS, PSR > 90
PR
2
= PS
2
+ RS
2
+ 2PS
.
SM ...(i)
[Using result on obtuse-angled triangle]
In QRS, QSR < 90
QR
2
= RS
2
+ SQ
2
2SQ
.
SM ...(ii)
[Using result on acute-angled triangle]
PR
2
+ QR
2
= 4PS
2
2SM(PS SQ)
= 4
2
PQ
2
_

,
( PS = SQ)
PR
2
+ QR
2
= PQ
2
. Hence proved.
OR
25. sin

=
3
4
... (i) Given
sin
2
+ cos
2
= 1
cos
2
= 1 sin
2
cos
2
= 1
2
3
4
_

,
[Using (i)]
cos
2
=
7
16
sec
2
=
16
7
... (ii)
Let us take LHS of the given equation.
LHS =
2 2
2
cosec cot
sec 1

=
2
1
sec 1
[
.
.
.
cosec
2
cot
2
= 1]
=
1
16
1
7
=
7
9
=
7
3
[Using (ii)]
26. We have sin 60 =
3
2
, cos 60 =
1
2
,
sec 30 =
2
3
, cosec 30 = 2

2 2
2 2
3 +sin 60 +cosec 30
5 +cos 60 +sec 30
=
( )
2
2
2 2
3
3+ + 2
2
1 2
5+ +
2
3
_

,
_ _

, ,
=
3
3 + + 4
4
1 4
5 + +
4 3
Multiply Num. and Deno. by 12,
=
36 +9 + 48
60 +3 +16
=
93
79
.
table from the given data.
C.I. f
i
x
i
d
i
=x
i
A f
i
d
i
0-10 7 5 20 140
10-20 10 15 10 100
20-30 15 25 0 0
30-40 8 35 10 80
40-50 10 45 20 200
f
i
= 50 f
i
d
i
=40
Mean = A +
i i
i
f d
f
= 25 +
40
50
= 25 + 0.8 = 25.8.
28. Let us convert the more than type
distribution to the normal distribution.
0-20 3
20-40 7
40-60 20
60-80 15
80-100 5
We observe from the table that the value
20 is the maximum frequency. So, the
modal class is 40-60.
Now, mode = l +
1 0
0 2
2
i
f f
h
f f f
_

,

Here,
l = 40, f
i
= 20, f
0
= 7, f
2
= 15, h = 20
Mode = 40 +
20 7
20
40 7 15
_

,
= 40 +
260
18
= 40 + 14.44
= 54.44 marks.
SECTION-D
29. Let f (x) = x
4
+ x
3
9x
2
3x + 18
It is given that
3
and
3
are two of
zeroes of f (x).
x +
3
and x
3
are the factors of f (x)
(x +
3
) (x
3
) is a factor of f(x)
x
2
3 is a factor of f (x)

) (
x
2
3 x x x
4 2
+ 9 3 + 18 x
3
x
2
+ 6 x
x x
4 2
3
+
6 3 + 18 x x
2
x
3
3x x
3
+
6 + 18 x
2
+
6 + 18 x
2
0
p(x) = (x
2
3) (x
2
+ x 6)
To find other zeroes of p(x)
Let x
2
+ x 6 = 0
(x+ 3) (x 2) = 0
x = 3 and 2
So all zeroes are 3 , 2, 3.
Hence, the zeroes of f(x) are
3
, 2, 3.
30. Let the speed of rowing in still water
and the speed of the current be u km/hr
and v km/hr respectively.
The speed of rowing in downstream
= (u + v) km/hr.
The speed of rowing upstream
= (u v) km/hr.
Using the formula:
Distance
Speed
= Time
According to first condition of the question,
18
+ u v
+
12
u v
= 3 ... (i)
According to second condition of the
question,
36
+ u v
+
40
u v
= 8 ... (ii)
Let us put,
1
+ u v
= x and
1
u v
= y such that
equations (i) and (ii) reduce to
18x + 12y = 3 ... (iii)
And 36x + 40y =8 ... (iv)
Equations (iii) and (iv) form a pair of
linear equations.
Multiply equation (iii) by 2 and subtract
the result from equation (iv) to get
16y = 2 y =
1
8
Substitute y =
1
8
in equation (iv) to get
36x = 8 5 x =
1
12
x =
1
+ u v
u + v = 12
y =
1
u v
u v = 8
This last system gives u = 10 and v = 2
Hence, the speed of the rowing in still
water = 10 km/hr and the speed of the
current = 2 km/hr.
31. We are given two triangles ABC and PQR
such that ABC ~ PQR.

AB
PQ
=
BC
QR
=
CA
RP
...(i)
We have to prove
( )
( )
ABC
PQR
ar
ar
=
2
2
AB
PQ
=
2
2
BC
QR
=
2
2
CA
RP
Draw AM BC and PN QR
In ABM and PQN,
B = Q ( ABC ~ PQR)
M = N (Each 90)
So, ABM ~ PQN
(AA similarity criterion)

AB
PQ
=
AM
PN

BC
QR
=
AM
PN
...(ii) [Using (i)]
Since area of a
triangle =
1
base height
2
( )
( )
ABC
PQR
ar
ar
=
1
BCAM
2
1
QRPN
2
=
BC
QR
AM
PN
Using equation (ii), we get
( )
( )
ABC
PQR
ar
ar
=
2
2
BC
QR
... (iii)
From equations (i) and (iii), we obtain
( )
( )
ABC
PQR
ar
ar
=
2
2
AB
PQ
=
2
2
BC
QR
=
2
2
CA
RP
.
Hence proved.
32. Consider, left hand side of the given equation,
tan cot
+
1 cot 1 tan

=
1
tan tan
+
1
1 tan
1
tan

=
( )
2
tan 1
+
tan 1 tan 1 tan

=
( )
3
tan 1
tan tan 1
=
( )
( )
( )
2
tan 1 tan +1 + tan
tan tan 1

[ a
3
b
3
= (a b) (a
2
+ b
2
+ ab]
=
1
tan + +1
tan
=
sin cos
+ +1
cos sin

=
2 2
sin +cos
+1
sin cos

= sec
.
cosec + 1
OR
33. m = cosec sin (Given)
m =
1
sin
sin =
2
1 sin
sin
m =
2
cos
sin
... (i)
( 1 sin
2
= cos
2
)
m
2
=
4
2
cos
sin
... (ii) (Squaring)

Further, n = sec cos (Given)
n =
1
cos
cos
n =
2
1 cos
cos
n =
2
sin
cos
... (iii)
n
2
=
4
2
sin
cos
... (iv)
Multiplying equations (ii) and (iii), we
get
m
2
n =
4 2
2
cos sin
cos
sin

= cos
3
(m
2
n)
2/3
= cos
2
... (v)
Multiplying equations (i) and (iv), we get
n
2
m =
4
2
sin
cos
2
cos
sin
= sin
3
(n
2
m)
2/3
= sin
2
... (vi)
Adding equations (v) and (vi), we get
(m
2
n)
2/3
+ (n
2
m)
2/3
= cos
2
+ sin
2
i.e., (m
2
n)
2/3
+ (n
2
m)
2/3
= 1.
Hence proved.
distribution from the given distribution.
interval frequency
(C.I.) ( f ) (c f )
0-10 5 5
10-20 x 5 + x
20-30 20 25 + x
30-40 14 39 + x
40-50 y 39 + x + y
50-60 8 47 + x + y
N = 47 + x + y
Since 27 is the median, therefore, 20-30
is the median class.
l = 20, cf = 5 + x, f = 20, h = 10
Given: N = 68
Using the formula:
Median = l +
N
cf
h
f
_

,
27 = 20 +
68
5
2
10
20
x
_

,
27 = 20 +
29
2
x
29 x = (27 20) 2 x = 15
From the table,
N = 47 + x + y But N = 68 (Given)
x + y + 47 = 68
15 + y + 47 = 68 (Substituting x = 15)
y = 6
Thus, x = 15, y = 6.
OR
Practice Paper3
SECTION-A
1. (D) There are infinitely many real
numbers of both types rational and
irrational between 3 and
5
.
2. (D) Decimal representation of an irrational
number is always non-terminating, non-
repeating.
3. (B) Product of zeroes =
6
a
= 4
a =
6
4
=
3
2
.
4. (B) For infinite number of solutions:
3
k
=
5
10
, i.e., k = 6.
5. (A) ABC ~ DEF
B = E =180 (40 + 65) = 75.
6. (C) AC
2
= BC
2
AB
2
AC
2
= 2 1 = 1
AC = 1
cosec C =
BC
AB
=
2
1
=
2
.
7. (C)
sin
1 cos
+
=
sin 1 cos
1 + cos 1 cos

=
( )
2
sin 1 cos
sin

=
1 cos
sin
.
8. (D) Using empirical formula,
2 Mean = 3 Median Mode
2 Mean = 3 500 400
Mean =
1100
2
= 550.
9. (A) A + B + C = 180
(Angle sum property of a triangle)
Now, tan
B C
2
+
_

,
=
180 A
tan
2
_

,
=
A
tan 90
2
_

,
=
A
cot
2
.
= cos (40 + ) cos {90 (50 )}
+
2 2
2 2
cos 40 cos (90 40 )
sin 40 sin (90 40 )
+
+
= cos (40+ ) cos (40+)
+
2 2
2 2
cos 40 sin 40
sin 40 cos 40
+
+
= 0 +
1
1
= 1.
SECTION-B
11. 8
n
can be rewritten as 2
3n
. Clearly, the
prime factor of 8
n
is only 2. To end with
the digit 0, one of the prime factors of 8
n
must be 5. Hence, 8
n
cannot end with the
digit zero for any nN.
12. True, because we find the remainder zero
when 3x
4
+ 5x
3
7x
2
+ 2x + 2 is divided
by x
2
+ 3x + 1.
13. Infinite number of solutions because the
system obeys the following condition:
1
2
a
a
=
1
2
b
b
=
1
2
c
c
, i.e.,
1
3
=
3
9
=
3
9
.
14. Yes, because converse of Basic Propor-
tionality Theorem holds as
PM
MQ
=
PN
NR
=
3
2
.
15. In AOD and COB,
AO
OC
=
DO
OB
=
1
2
andAOD = COB
AOD ~ COB
AD
BC

1
2

4
BC

1
2
BC 8 cm.
16. No.
For = 30, tan =
1
3
and cot =
3
tan
2
+ cot
2
=
1
3
+ 3 =
10
3
2.
17. Since the maximum frequency is 8, so
modal class is 4-8.
l = 4, f
1
= 8, f
0
= 4, f
2
= 5, h = 4
Now, mode = l +
1 0
1 0 2
2
_

,
f f
h
f f f
= 4 +
8 4
4
16 4 5
_

,
= 4 + 2.29 = 6.29.
OR
18. Let us prepare cumulative frequency table:
C.I. f cf
60-70 2 2
70-80 5 7
80-90 12 19
90-100 31 50
100-110 39 89
110-120 10 99
120-130 4 103
N

= 103
N
2
=
103
2
= 51.5
Cumulative frequency just greater than
51.5 is 89. So, median class is 100-110.
SECTION-B
19. Let us assume on the contrary that
2
is
a rational number. Then
2
can be written
as 2 =
a
b
, where a and b are coprime
and b 0.
2 =
2
2
a
b
(Squaring)
a
2
= 2b
2
... (i)
a
2
is divisible by 2 ...(ii)
a is divisible by 2 ...(iii)
[If a prime (here 2) divides d
2
, then the
same prime divides d, where d is a positive
integer.]
a = 2c
a
2
= 4c
2
... (iv)
From (i) and (iv), we get
4c
2
= 2b
2
b
2
= 2c
2
b
2
is divisible by 2
b is divisible by 2 .... (v)
From results (ii) and (v), we have a and b
both are divisible by 2.
But this contradict the fact that a and b are
coprime. This contradiction has arisen
because of our incorrect assumption that
2
is a rational number. Thus, we conclude
that 2 is an irrational number.
OR
20. Let a be a positive integer. Then it is of
the form 3q, 3q + 1 or 3q + 2.
Now, three cases arise.
Case I: a = 3q
a
3
= (3q)
3
= 27q
3
= 9 (3q
3
) = 9m,
where m = 3q
3
.
Case II: a = 3q + 1
a
3
= (3q + 1)
3
= 27q
3
+ 1 + 27q
2
+ 9q
= 9 (3q
3
+ 3q
2
+ q) + 1
= 9m + 1,
where m = 3q
3
+ 3q
2
+ q.
Case III: a = 3q + 2
a
3
= (3q + 2)
3
= 27q
3
+ 8 + 54q
2
+ 36q
= 9 (3q
3
+ 6q
2
+ 4) + 8
= 9m + 8,
where m = 3q
3
+ 6q
2
+ 4.
Hence, a
3
is of the form 9m, 9m + 1 or
9m + 8.
21. p(t) = t
2
15
To obtain zeroes of p(t), put p(t) = 0
i.e., t
2
15 = 0
t
2

( )
2
15 = 0
( ) ( )
15 15 + t t = 0
t =
15
,
15
So, zeroes of p(t) are
15
and
15
Sum of zeroes =
15
+
15
= 0
=
0
1
=
2
Coefficient of
Coefficient of
t
t
Product of zeroes
=
15 15
= 15 =
15
1
=
Constant term
Coefficient of t
.
Hence verified.
22. The given system of equations can be re-
written as
4x + 3y 48 = 0
40x 6y 192 = 0
Applying the method of cross multipli-
cation to solve the system.
576 288
x
=
768 +1920
y
=
1
24 120
864
x
=
1152
y
=
1
144
x =
864
144
and y =
1152
144
x = 6 and y = 8.
23. We are given a square of side length a.
Then length of its diagonal will be a
2
.
We know that area of an equilateral
triangle of side length x is
2
3
4
x .
Area of the equilateral triangle described
of the side of the square.
A
side
=
2
3
4
a ... (i) a
2
=
4
3
A
side
And area of the equilateral triangle
described on the diagonal of the square
A
diagonal
=
3
4
(a
2
)
2
=
2
3
2
a
A
diagonal
=
3
2

_

,
side
4
A
3
[Using (i)]
A
side
=
diagonal
1
A
2
. Hence proved.
24. In the figure drawn,
AB DC and AED
~ BEC.
ADC and BDC
both are on the same base DC and lie
between same parallels AB and DC.
So,
ar(ADC) = ar(BDC)
ar(AED) + ar(DEC)
= ar(BEC) + ar(DEC)
ar(AED) = ar(BEC) (i)
Now,

2
2
( AED) (AD)
=
( BEC) (BC)
ar
ar
( AED ~ BEC)
1 =
( )
( )
2
2
AD
BC
[From (i)]
AD= BC. Hence proved.
25. Given expression
=
4 4
1 1
2
2 2

_ _
+
, ,
, ,

( )
( )

2
2
3 1 + + 3
_

,
2
2
3
= 2
1 1
16 16
_
+

,
( ) 3 1 + + 3
4
3
=
1
4
4 + 4 =
1
4
.
26. Consider left hand side of the given
equation.
LHS = (cosec A sin A) (sec A cos A)
=
1
sin A
sin A
_

,
1
cos A
cos A
_

,
=
2 2
1 sin A 1 cos A
.
sin A cos A
=
2 2
cos A sin A
.
sin A cos A
= sin A cos A
Also, taking right hand side,
RHS =
1
tanA cot A +
=
1
sinA cosA
cosA sinA
+
=
2 2
sinA cos A
sin A cos A +
= sin A cos A
Hence, LHS = RHS.
OR
See worksheet-51, solution-9.
27. Let us use step-deviation method to
obtain the mean.
C.I. f
i
x
i
d
i
=x
i
a u
i
=
i
d
h
d
i
u
i
0-20 17 10 40 2 34
20-40 p 30 20 1 p
40-60 32 50 0 0 0
60-80 24 70 20 1 24
80-100 19 90 40 2 38
f
i
= 92+p f
i
u
i
=28 p
Here a = 50, h = 20
Mean = a +
_
,
i i
i
f u
h
f
50 = 50 +
28
92 +
p
p
28 p = 0 p = 28.
28. We prepare cumulative frequency table
from the given data.
C.I. Frequency Cumulative
( f ) Frequency
(cf )
0-8 8 8
8-16 10 18
16-24 16 34
24-32 24 58
32-40 15 73
40-48 7 80
N = 80
Here, N = 80
N
2
= 40
Cumulative frequency just more than 40
is 58. So 24-32 is the median class.
l = 24, cf = 34, f = 24, h = 8
Median = l +
N
_

,
cf
h
f
= 24 +
40 34
24
_

,
8 = 24 +
48
24
= 26.
OR
SECTION-D
29. Let f (x) = 3x
4
+ 6x
3
2x
2
10x 5
x =
5
3
and x =
5
3
are the zeroes of f (x)
3
_

,
x and
5
3
_
+

,
x are factors of f (x)
3
_

,
x
5
3
_
+

,
x = x
2
5
3
is a factor of f (x)
Let us divide f (x) by x
2
5
3
To obtain other two zeroes,
put the quotient = 0
i.e., 3x
2
+ 6x + 3 = 0
3 (x
2
+ 2x + 1) = 0
3 (x + 1)
2
= 0
x = 1 or 1
Hence, all the zeroes of f(x) are
5
3
,
1, 1.
30. Let the original fraction be
x
y
.
On adding 1 to both the numerator and
the denominator of
x
y
, it becomes
4
5
i.e.,
+1
+1
x
y
=
4
5
, i.e., 5x + 5 = 4y + 4
i.e., 5x 4y = 1 ...(i)
On subtracting 5 from both the numerator
and the denominator of
x
y
, it becomes
1
2
i.e.,
5
5
x
y
=
1
2
, i.e., 2x 10 = y 5
i.e., 8x 4y = 20 ...(ii)
Subtracting equation (i) from equation
(ii), we get
3x = 21 x = 7
Substituting x = 7 in equation (i), we get
5 7 4y = 1 y = 9
Hence, the required fraction is
7
9
.
OR
See worksheet-27, sol. 9 (OR).
31. Pythagoras Theorem:
In a right triangle, the square of the
hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the
squares of the other two sides.
Proof: We are given, a ABC in which
A = 90
We need to prove
BC
2
= AB
2
+ AC
2
.
Draw AD BC
(see figure)
In ABC and DBA,
ABC = DBA (Common)
BAC = BDA (Each 90)
So, ABC ~ DBA
(A A criterion of similarity)
Therefore,
AB
BD
=
BC
AB
or AB
2
= BD
.
BC ...(i)
Similarly, ABC ~ DAC
Therefore,
AC
DC
=
BC
AC
AB
2
= DC
.
BC ...(ii)
BD
.
BC + DC
.
BC = AB
2
+ AC
2
or (BD + DC)
.
BC = AB
2
+ AC
2
or BC
.
BC = AB
2
+ AC
2
( BC = BD + DC)
or BC
2
= AB
2
+ AC
2
.
Hence proved.
OR
32. We have
x
3
= sec A cos A
=
1
cos A
cos A
=
2
1 cos A
cos A
x =
1
2
3
sin A
cos A
_

,
Similarly, y
3
= cosec A sin A
=
2
1 sin A 1
sin A
sin A sin A
y =
1
2
3
cos A
sin A
_

,
LHS = x
2
y
2
(x
2
+ y
2
)
= x
4
y
2
+ x
2
y
4
=
4 2
1 1
2 2
3 3
sin A cos A
cos A sin A
1 1
_ _
1 1

1 1

, ,
1 1
] ]
or x +
1
4x
x +
1
4x
= 2x or
1
2x
.
Hence proved.
34. We prepare the cumulative frequency
table by less than method as given below:
Marks Frequ- Marks cf Point
ency less
than
0-10 4 10 04 (10, 4)
10-20 10 20 14 (20, 14)
20-30 16 30 30 (30, 30)
30-40 22 40 52 (40, 52)
40-50 20 50 72 (50, 72)
50-60 18 60 90 (60, 90)
60-70 8 70 98 (70, 98)
70-80 2 80 100 (80, 100)
We take marks on the x-axis and
cumulative frequency on the y-axis and
then plot the points mentioned in the
table. On joining these points by free
hand smooth curve, we get less than
ogive.
Further, we prepare the cumulative
frequency table by more than method as
given below:
Marks Frequ- Marks cf Point
ency more
than
or
equal
to
0-10 4 0 100 (0, 100)
10-20 10 10 96 (10, 96)
20-30 16 20 86 (20, 86)
30-40 22 30 70 (30, 70)
40-50 20 40 48 (40, 48)
50-60 18 50 28 (50, 28)
60-70 8 60 10 (60, 10)
70-80 2 70 2 (70, 2)
+
2 4
1 1
2 2
3 3
sin A cos A
cos A sin A
1 1
_ _
1 1

1 1

, ,
1 1
] ]
=
4 2
2 2
3 3
sin A cos A
cos A sin A
_ _

, ,
+
2 4
2 2
3 3
sin A cos A
cos A sin A
_ _

, ,
=
1
8 4
3
4 2
sin A cos A
cos A sin A
_

,
+
1
4 8
3
2 4
sin A cos A
cos A sin A
_

,
=
( ) ( )
1 1
6 6
3 3
sin A cos A +
= sin
2
A + cos
2
A = 1 = RHS.
Hence proved.
33. sec = x +
1
4x
... (i) (Given)
or sec
2
=
2
1
4
_
+

,
x
x
(Squaring)
or 1 + tan
2
= x
2
+
2
1 1
2 16
+
x
or tan
2
= x
2
+
2
1 1
2 16x
or tan
2
=
2
1
4
_

,
x
x
or tan

=
4
_

,
x
x
... (ii)
sec + tan = x +
1
4x
+ x
1
4x
We will plot the points mentioned in this
table on the same graph. On joining these
points by free hand smooth curve, we
get more than ogive.
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
(0, 100)
(10, 96)
(20, 86)
(30, 70)
(40, 48)
(50, 28)
(60, 10)
(70, 2)
more than ogive
less than ogive
(80, 100)
(70, 98)
(60, 90)
(50, 72)
(40, 52)
(30, 30)
(20, 14)
(10, 4)
(39, 0)
Y
X
Median: The abscissa of the point of
i ntersecti on of both the ogi ves
determines the median of the given
distribution. To find such abscissa, we
draw a perpendicular from the point
of intersection of both the ogives to
the x-axis, which meet the axis at (39, 0).
Hence the required median is 39
marks.
Practice Paper4
SECTION-A
1. (D)
2 3
2 3
+
=
2 3 2 3
2 3 2 3

+
=
2 3 2 6
2 3
+
= 2 6 5
As 2 6 5 is irrational, it has non-termi-
nating, non-repeating decimal form.
2. (D) As p
2
and p
3
are common factors.
HCF (x, y) is
2 3
n l
p p .
3. (B) p(x) = (x 1)
2
+ 2x + 1 = x
2
+ 2
Sum of zeroes =
0
1
= 0;
product of zeroes =
2
1
= 2.
4. (C) 2 + k = 1 and p + 3 = 2, i.e., k = 1 and
p = 1. So, p + k = 2.
5. (C)
AD
BD
=
AE
CE
=
1
3
DE || BC
ADE ABC

DE AD
BC AB
=
7.5
x
=
3.5
14
x =
15
8
cm.
6. (D) If x = 30,
3 cos 30 4 cos
3
30
= 3
3
2
4
3 3
8
= 0.
7. (A) The value of cosec is minimum at an
angle where sin is maximum as sin is
maximum if = 90.
sin 90 = 1
So minimum value of cosec = 1.
8. (B) 52 is the median as the abscissa of the
point of intersection of the two ogives
determines the median of the data.
9. (A) We know that sin (90 ) = cos ,
cos (90 ) = sin , tan (90 ) = cot
Given expression
=
sin cos tan
sin cos tan

+
cot
cot
= 1 + 1 = 2.
10. (B) tan 2 = cot ( + 12)
tan 2 = tan {90 ( + 12)}
[ tan (90 ) = cot ]
tan 2 = tan (78 )
2 = 78
= 26.
SECTION-B
11. The required highest number will be the
HCF of 120, 224 and 256.
120 = 2
3
3 5; 224 = 2
5
7; 256 = 2
8
Therefore, HCF = 2
3
= 8.
12. Let the required polynomial be f(x).
Then f (x) = k[x
2
(sum of zeroes) x +
product of zeroes]
= k[x
2
(5 + 2)x + (5)(2)]
= k(x
2
+ 3x 10),
k being a real number.
f (x) is not a unique polynomial as k is
any real number.
13. Condition for infinite number of solutions:
1
2
a
a
1
2
b
b

1
2
c
c
i.e.,
2 3
4
k +
2 1 4( 1)
=
3 3
k k +
,
i.e., k =
5
2
.
14. Yes.
In ABC,
AD
DB
=
AE 1
EC 3
So, by converse of
Thales Theorem, DE BC.
15. No.
In AOB and DOC,
AOB = DOC
(Vertically opposite
angles)

AO OB
DO OC
as
5 6
3 10
, i.e.,
5 3
3 5
Therefore, AOB is not similar to DOC.

16. Yes.
Let us take left hand side of the given
equation.
LHS =
2
2
1 + sin
cos
=
2
1
cos
+
2
2
sin
cos
= sec
2
+ tan
2
= (1 + tan )
2
+ tan
2
= 1 + 2 tan
2

= RHS.
OR
17. Let us convert the given more than type
distribution to the normal distribution.
0-20 3
20-40 7
40-60 20
60-80 15
80-100 5
The maximum valuable frequency is 20.
So, modal class is 40-60.
l = 40, f
1
= 20, f
0
= 7, f
2
= 15, h = 20
Now, mode = l +
1 0
1 0 2
2
f f
f f f
_

,
h
= 40 +
20 7
40 7 15
_

,

20.
= 40 + 14.44
= 54.44 marks.
18. As N = 50

N
2
= 25
Draw a line parallel to x-axis from y = 25
which meet to ogive at points P(40, 25).
Abscissa of P is 40.
Median = 40.
SECTION-C
19. Let us assume to the contrary that 3 4 5
is rational. Then we can take integers a
and b 0 such that
a
b
= 3
4 5
,
i.e.,
4 5
= 3
a
b
i.e.,
5
=
3
4
b a
b
RHS of this last equation is rational as a

and b are integers, but LHS of it is
irrational. This is an incorrect statement
due to our wrong assumption that
3 4 5
is rational.
So, we conclude that 3 4 5 is
irrational.
20. Any positive integer is either of the form
3q, 3q + 1 or 3q + 2.
There are 3 cases now:
Case I: When n = 3q, n + 1 = 3q + 1 and
n + 2 = 3q + 2.
Here, only n is divisible by 3.
Case II: When n = 3q + 1, n + 1 = 3q + 2
and n + 2 = 3q + 3 = 3(q + 1)
Here, only n + 2 is divisible by 3.
Case III: When n = 3q + 2,
n + 1 = 3q + 3 = 3(q + 1)
and n + 2 = 3q + 5 = 3(q + 1) + 2
Hence only n + 1 is divisible by 3.
OR
21 By the division algorithm,
Dividend = Divisor Quotient +
Remainder
6x
3
+ 8x
2
3x + 8 = g(x) (3x + 4) +
6x + 20
g(x) =
3 2
6 8 9 12
3 4
x x x
x
+
+
=
2
2 (3 4) 3(3 4)
3 4
x x x
x
+ +
+
g(x) =
2
(3 4)(2 3)
3 4
x x
x
+
+
g(x) = 2x
2
3.
22. To draw a line, we need atleast two
solutions of its corresponding equation.
x 0 2 x 1 0
y
4 0
y
0 1
Two solutions of Two solutions of
2x y = 4 x y = 1
From the graph, the two lines intersect
each other at the point A(3, 2).
x = 3 and y = 2
Shaded region is ABC.
Height of ABC = 3 units
And its base = BC = 3 units.
ar(ABC) =
1
2
3 3
=
9
2
square units.
OR
23. Let us draw MN parallel to AB, which
passes through P. So, AM = BN and
DM = CN.
From right-angled triangles APM, BPN,
CPN, DPM; we have respectively
PA
2
= PM
2
+ AM
2
.... (i)
PB
2
= PN
2
+ BN
2
.... (ii)
PC
2
= PN
2
+ CN
2
.... (iii)
PD
2
= PM
2
+ DM
2
.... (iv)
From equations (i) and (ii),
PA
2
PB
2
= PM
2
PN
2
.... (v)
From equations (iii) and (iv),
PC
2
PD
2
= PN
2
PM
2
.... (vi)
Add equations (v) and (vi) to get
PA
2
+ PC
2
= PB
2
+ PD
2
.
Hence proved.
24. Let median AD passes
through the point O on PQ.
To prove: PO= QO
Proof: In APO and ABD,
PAO= BAD (Common angle)

APO = ABD
and AOD = ADB

Corresponding
angles
APO~ ABD (By AAA similarity)
PO
BD
=
AO
AD
...(i)
Similarly, In AQO and ACD,
QO
CD
=
AO
AD
...(ii)
PO
BD
=
QO
CD
PO= QO (
.
.
.
BD = CD)
Hence, median AD also bisects PQ.
Proved.
OR
25.
cos sin 1 3
cos sin 1 3

+ +
Using componendo and dividendo, we get
cos sin cos sin
cos sin cos sin
+ +

=
1 3 1 3
1 3 1 3
+ +

2 cos
2 sin

=
2
2 3
cot =
1
3
cot = cot 60
= 60.
26. LHS =
2 4 2 4
2 1 2 1
cos cos sin sin
+

=2 sec
2
sec
4
2 cosec
2

+ cosec
4

=2(1 + tan
2
) (1 + tan
2
)
2
2(1 + cot
2
) + (1 + cot
2
)
2
=(1 + tan
2
) (2 1 tan
2
)
(1 + cot
2
) (2 1 cot
2
)
=1 tan
4
(1 cot
4
)
=cot
4
tan
4
= RHS.
Hence proved.
27. We convert the given data of less than
type to the normal distribution.
Marks f
i
x
i
d
i
= f
i
d
i
x
i
25
0-10 5 5 20 100
10-20 11 15 10 110
20-30 19 25 0 0
30-40 30 35 10 300
40-50 15 45 20 300
f
i

=

80 f
i
d
i
= 390
Let us use the assumed mean method with
assumed mean a = 25.
Now, mean = a +
i i
i
f d
f
= 25 +
390
80
= 25 + 4.875 = 29.88 marks.
28. We prepare the cumulative frequency table
for the given data.
Lifetimes Frequency Cumulative
(in hrs.) (f) frequency
(cf )
1500-2000 24 24
2000-2500 86 110
2500-3000 90 200
3000-3500 115 315
3500-4000 95 410
4000-4500 72 482
4500-5000 18 500
N = 500
Here, h = 500
N = 500,
N
2
= 250.
So, cf = 200, f = 115, l = 3000.
Median = l +
N
2
cf
f
_

,
h
= 3000 +
250 200
115
_

,
500
= 3000 + 217.39
= 3217.39 hours.
SECTION-D
29. Let f (x) = 6x
4
+ 8x
3
5x
2
+ ax + b
f (x) is divisible by 2x
2
5.
We obtain the remainder as zero when
f (x) is divided by 2x
2
5.
Now we divide f (x) by 2x
2
5.
2
2 4 3 2
4 2
_____________________________
3 2
3
_________________________________
2
2
_______________________________
__________
3 4 5
2 5 6 8 5
6 15
8 10
8 20
10 ( 20)
10 25
( 20) 25
x x
x x x x ax b
x x
x x ax b
x x
x a x b
x
a x b
+ +
+ + +
+
+ + +
+
+ + +
+
+ + +
___________
As remainder = 0,
(a + 20)x + b + 25 = 0
i.e., (a + 20)x + (b + 25) = 0x + 0
i.e., a + 20 = 0 and b + 25 = 0
i.e., a = 20 and b = 25.
30. Let the present ages of father and his son
are x years and y years respectively.
According to the given conditions:
x + y = 65
After 5 years,
the fathers age = (x + 5) years
After 5 years,
the sons age = (y + 5) years
Therefore, x + 5 = 2 (y + 5)
i.e., x 2y = 5
Thus, the required pair of linear equations is
x + y = 65 .... (i)
x 2y = 5 .... (ii)
Subtracting equation (ii) from equation (i),
we get
3y = 60
y = 20
Substituting y = 20 in equation (i), we get
x + 20 = 65
x = 45
Thus, present age of father = 45 years and
present age of his son = 20 years.
31. We are given a ABC in which a line
PQ BC intersects the sides AB at P and
AC at Q.
We need to prove
AP AQ
PB QC
.
Draw QM AB and PN AC.
Join PC and BQ.
Proof: Area of a triangle
=
1
2
Base Height
ar(APQ) =
1
2
AP QM
=
1
2
AQ PN
AP QM= AQ PN
QM
PN
=
AQ
AP
... (i)
Since BPQ and CQP are on the same
base PQ and between the same parallels
PQ and BC, therefore, their areas should
be equal.
i.e., ar(BPQ) = ar(CQP)
1
2
PB QM=
1
2
QC PN
QM
PN

QC
PB
... (ii)
Form equations (i) and (ii), it is clear that
AQ
AP

QC
PB
,
i.e.,
AP
PB

AQ
QC
.
Hence proved.
32.
cot tan
+
1 tan 1 cot
x x
x x
= 1 + sec x
.
cosec x
LHS
=
cot tan
+
1 tan 1 cot
x x
x x
=
cos sin
sin cos
+
sin cos
1 1
cos sin
x x
x x
x x
x x
=
cos cos
sin cos sin

x x
x x x
+
sin sin
cos sin cos

x x
x x x
=
2
cos
sin (cos sin )
x
x x x
+
2
sin
cos (sin cos )
x
x x x
=
3 3
cos sin
.
sin cos (cos sin )
x x
x x x x
=
2 2
.
(cos sin )(cos cos sin sin )
.
sin cos (cos sin )
x x x x x x
x x x x
+ +
=
.
1 cos sin
.
sin cos
x x
x x
+
=
1
.
sin cos x x
+ 1
= 1 + sec x
.
cosec x = RHS.
Hence proved.
33. It is given that
sin + cos = a
Squaring both the sides, we get
sin
2
+ cos
2
+ 2 sin cos = a
2
But sin
2
+ cos
2
= 1 .... (i)
1 + 2 sin cos = a
2
2 sin cos = a
2
1
sin cos =
2
1
2
a
.... (ii)
Cubing both the sides of equation (i), we
get
sin
6
+ cos
6

+ 3 sin
2
cos
2
(sin
2
+ cos
2
) = 1
sin
6
+ cos
6
+ 3 (sin cos )
2
= 1
[Using (i)]
sin
6
+ cos
6
+ 3
2
2
1
2
a
_

,
= 1
sin
6
+ cos
6
= 1 3
2 2
( 1)
4
a
sin
6
+ cos
6
=
2 2
4 3( 1)
4
a
.
Hence proved.
OR
Consider
a sin
3
+ b cos
3
= sin
.
cos
a sin
.
sin
2
+ b cos
.
cos
2
= sin
.
cos
b cos
.
sin
2
+ b cos
.
cos
2
= sin
.
cos
(
.
.
.
a sin = b cos )
b sin
2
+ b cos
2
= sin
b (sin
2
+ cos
2
) = sin
b = sin ...(i)
Again, a sin = b cos
a
.
b = b cos [From (i)]
a = cos ...(ii)
Now, squaring and adding equations (i)
and (ii), we get
b
2
+ a
2
= sin
2
+ cos
2
a
2
+ b
2
= 1. Hence proved.
34. We prepare a table for less than series with
corresponding cumulative frequencies and
points.
Marks Fre- Marks Cumu- Point
quency less lative
than frequency
0-10 5 10 5 (10, 5)
10-20 8 20 13 (20, 13)
20-30 6 30 19 (30, 19)
30-40 10 40 29 (40, 29)
40-50 6 50 35 (50, 35)
50-60 5 60 40 (60, 40)
We take upper limits on the x-axis and
cumulative frequencies on the y-axis. Then
we plot the points on the graph paper. By
joining these points by free hand smooth
curve, we obtain less than ogive as shown
in the above figure.
OR
Practice Paper5
SECTION-A
1. (D) 2 and 5.
2. (B) Let us assume that x + y is rational
number and let x + y = z; when z is
rational.
x + y + 2
xy
= z
2
2
xy
= z
2
x y
xy
=
2

2
z x y
which given a contradiction as LHS is
irrational but RHS is rational.

x
+ y is an irrational number.
3. (C) Coincident lines is given by
1
2
a
a
=
1
2
b
b
=
1
2
c
c
Here, a
1
= p, b
1
= q, c
1
= 4
a
2
= 4, b
2
= 3, c
2
= 5
Now,
4
p
=
3
q
=
4
5
4
p
=
3
q
= 0.8
p = 3.2, q = 2.4
Therefore, 3p + q = 12.
4. (A)
3
18
p
=
6
24

50
75
p =
6 18
3 24
p =
3
.
5. (B) Consider 3A = 90
A = 30
So, sin 30 cos 2 30
= sin 30 cos 60
=
1
2
1
2
= 0.
6. (B)
DE EF FD
AB BC CA
+ +
+ +
=
EF
BC
Perimeter of DEF =
4
2
(3 + 2 + 2.5)
Perimeter of DEF = 15 cm.
7. (C) cos A + cos
2
A= 1
cos A= 1 cos
2
A
cos A= sin
2
A
cos
2
A= sin
4
A (Squaring)
1 sin
2
A= sin
4
A
sin
4
A + sin
2
A= 1.
8. (C) Relation among mean, median and
mode is given by the following impirical
formula:
Mode = 3 Median 2 Mean.
9. (C) tan =
sin
cos
=
p
q
.
(
.
.
.
sin = p, sec =
1
q
or cos = q)
10. (B) In right triangle ADC,
AC =
2 2
3 4 +
= 5
sin A=
CD
AC
=
4
5
.
cos C =
CD
AC
=
4
5
Now,
sin A cos C =
4 4
5 5
=
16
25
.
SECTION-B
11. True, because product of an even
number and an odd number is an even
number.
12. Let p(x) = ax
2
+ bx + c
So, y = ax
2
+ bx + c should be satisfied by
(1, 0), (0, 3) and (4, 0)
Therefore, 0 = a b + c; 3 = c;
0 = 16a + 4b + c
c = 3, a =
3
4
, b =
9
4
.
Hence, p(x) =
3
4
x
2
9
4
x 3
p(x) =
3
4
(x
2
3x 4)
This is the required expression.
13. For infinite number of solutions,
1
2
a
a
=
1
2
b
b
=
1
2
c
c
i.e.,
2
2
a
=
5
+ a b
=
18
9
,
i.e., a = 2 and a + b = 10
i.e., a = 2, b = 8.
14. In ADP, and EBQ,
AD= EB (Given)
ADP = EBQ, (Corresponding angles
as BQ || DP and AB is transversal)
DAP = BEQ (Corresponding angles)
Therefore, ADP
EBQ (ASA criterion)

DP = BQ.
Also, DP || BQ as DP || BC.
So, DPQB is a parallelogram.
Therefore, PQ || DB. Hence,
PQ || AB.
15.
AB
DF
=
BC
EF
=
CA
DE
=
1
2
ABC ~ DFE
B = F
But B = 60, so, F = 60.
16. True,
sin B =
AC
AB
sin Q =
PR
PQ
sin B = sin Q
AC
AB
=
PR
PQ

AC AB
PR PQ
=
2 2
2 2
AC AB
PR PQ
= =
2 2
2 2
AB AC
PQ PR
2 2 2
2 2 2
AC AB BC
= =
PR PQ QR
AC AB BC
= =
PR PQ QR
ACB ~ PRQ
B = Q.
OR
p
2
q
2
= (a cot + b cosec )
2
(b cot + a cosec )
2
= a
2
cot
2
+ 2ab cot cosec + b
2
cosec
2
b
2
cot
2
2ab cot cosec a
2
cosec
2
= a
2
(cosec
2
cot
2
)
+ b
2
(cosec
2
cot
2
)
= a
2
(1) + b
2
(1)
= b
2
a
2
.
17. x
i
15 17 19 20 + p 23
f
i
2 3 4 5p 6 fi =15+5p
f
i
x
i
30 51 76 100p+5p
2
138 f
i
x
i
= 295
+100p+5p
2
Mean =
i i
i
f x
f
20 =
2
295 100 5
15 5
+ +
+
p p
p
300 + 100p = 295 + 100p + 5p
2
5p
2
= 5
p = 1.
But frequency cannot take negative value.
So, p 1.
Hence, p = 1.
18. Table for cumulative frequency:
Class Frequency
Cumulative
frequency
0-10 5 5
10-30 15 20
30-60 30 50
60-80 8 58
80-90 2 60
N = 60
Modal class is 30-60.
Class mark =
30 60
2
+
= 45
Since
N
2
= 30 so, median class is 30-60.
Class mark = 45
Required sum = 45 + 45 = 90.
SECTION-C
19. Let a be any positive integer. We know
that any positive integer is either of the
form 2q or 2q + 1 for some integers q.
a = 2q or 2q + 1
Case I: When a = 2q, a + 1 = 2q + 1.
a (a + 1) = 2q 2q + 1
2q (2q +1) = 2r, where r = q (2q + 1)
So, a (a + 1) is divisible by 2.
Case II: When a = 2q + 1,
a + 1 = 2q + 2 = 2 (q + 1)
a (a + 1) = 2 (2q + 1) (q + 1)
where r = (2q + 1) (q + 1)
So, a (a + 1) is divisible by 2.
Hence, multiplication of any two conse-
cutive positive integers is divisible by 2.
20. Ram, Ravi and Nitin will meet next after
the time given by the LCM of 5 days, 24
days and 9 days.
Now, we find out the LCM of 5, 24 and 9
5 = 5; 24 = 2
3
3; 9 = 3 3
LCM= 2
3
3 3 5 = 360
They met last on Sunday. So, it will be
Sunday after 7n days, where n is a natural
number.
So, it will be Sunday after 357 days.
Therefore, it will be Wednesday after 360
days. Hence, they will meet on next
Wednesday.
OR
See worksheet-2, Sol. 9.
21. Let zeroes are , ,
Let = 8 ... (i)
Also we know + + = 9 ... (ii)
+ + = 26
= 24
8 () = 24
= 3
(ii) + = 6 ... (iii)
(i) =
8
Use if in (iii) we get

+
8
= 6

2
6 + 8 = 0
( 4) ( 2) = 0
= 4 = 2.
If = 4 = 2 and if = 2
= 4
Zeroes are 2, 4 and 3.
22. Put
1
+ x y
= u and
1
x y
= v in the given
system of equation. we get
10u + 2v = 4
15u 5v = 2
i.e., 5u + v = 2 ... (i)
15u 5v = 2 ... (ii)
Multiply equation (i) by 5 and add the
result to (ii)
40u = 8 or u =
1
5
Substitute u =
1
5
in equation (i)
v = 1
u =
1
5
and v = 1 give x + y = 5
and x y = 1
On solving, we get
x = 3 and y = 2
Hence, x = 3, y = 2 is the required solution.
23. In ABC, DE BC
ABC ~ ADE
( )
( )
ABC
ADE
ar
ar
=
2
2
AB
AD
...(i)
Again, DE BC
D E
A
B C
ar (ADE) = ar ( BCED)
ar (ABC) = 2 ar (ADE)

( )
( )
ABC
ADE
ar
ar
= 2 ... (ii)
From equations (i) and (ii), we get
AB
AD
=
2
1
Let AB =
2
x and AD = x,
then from the figure,
BD=
2
x x =
( )
2 1 x
Now,
BD
AB
=
( )
2 1
2
x
x
=
2 1
2
2
2
=
2 2
2
.
24. In right-angled ABC,
AB
2
+ BC
2
=AC
2
...(i)
(By Pythagoras Theorem)
In ABN,
AN
2
= AB
2
+ BN
2
= AB
2
+
2
BC
2
_

,
(
.
.
.
N is the mid-point of BC)
= AB
2
+
1
4
BC
2
A
M
B N C
4 AN
2
= 4AB
2
+ BC
2
...(ii)
Similarly, in CBM,
4 CM
2
= AB
2
+ 4 BC
2
...(iii)
Adding equations (ii) and (iii), we get
4AN
2
+ 4 CM
2
= (4AB
2
+ AB
2
) + (BC
2
+ 4BC
2
)
= 5 AB
2
+ 5BC
2
4(AN
2
+ CM
2
)
= 5 (AB
2
+ BC
2
)
= 5 AC
2
. [From (i)]
Hence proved.
25. LHS =
tan sec 1
tan sec 1
+
+

( )
2 2
tan sec sec tan
tan sec 1
+
+
=
( ) ( ) ( ) tan sec sec tan sec tan
tan sec 1
+ +
+

( ) ( ) tan sec 1 sec tan
tan sec 1
+ +
+
tan + sec =
sin
cos
+
1
cos
=
1 sin
cos
+

26.
cos 58
2
sin 32
_

3
cos 18 cosec 52
tan 15 tan 60 tan 75
_

,
=
( ) cos 90 32
2
sin 32

, ,
3
( )
( )
cos 90 52 cosec 52
tan 90 75 3 tan 75

, ,

= 2
sin 32
sin 32
_

2
1
sin 52
sin 52
1
cot 75 3
cot 75
_
,
= 2 1
1
3
3
= 2 1 = 1.
OR
LHS = cos 2 = cos (2 30) = cos 60 =
1
2
RHS =
2
2
1 tan
1 tan
+
=
2
2
1 tan 30
1 tan 30
+
=
2
2
1
1
3
1
1
3
_

,
_
+

,
=
1
1
3
1
1
3
+
=
2
3
4
3
=
2
4
=
1
2
Thus, LHS = RHS. Hence proved.
27. First, we prepare the cumulative frequency
table as given below:
interval ( f ) frequency (cf )
85-100 11 11
100-115 9 20
115-130 8 28
130-145 5 33
N = 33
N = 33
N
2
= 16.5
Cumulative frequency just greater than
16.5 is 20. So, median class is 100-115.
cf = 11, f = 9, l = 100, h = 15
Now, median = l +
N
2
cf
h
f
_

,
= 100 +
16.5 11
15
9
_

,
= 100 + 9.17
= 109.17
Hence, the median speed is 109.17 km/hr.
28. Since, the maximum frequency is 41, so
the modal class is 10000-15000.
l =10000, f
1
= 41, f
0
= 26, f
2
=16, h= 5000
Now, mode = l +
1 0
1 0 2
2
_

,
f f
h
f f f
= 10000 +
41 26
5000
82 26 16
_

,
= 10000 +
75000
40
= 10000 + 1875 = 11875.
Thus, the monthly modal income is
Rs. 11875.
OR
Let a = 50; h = 20
C.I. f
i
x
i
u
i
=
i
x a
h
f
i
u
i
0-20 4 10 2 8
20-40 10 30 1 10
40-60 28 50 0 0
60-80 36 70 1 36
80-100 50 90 2 100
128 f
i
u
i
=118
x
= a + h
i i
i
f u
f
_

,
= 50 + 20
118
128
_

,
= 50 +
295
16
= 18.4 68.4.
SECTION-D
29. Given that p(x) = a(x
2
+ 1) x(a
2
+ 1)
i.e., p(x) = ax
2
(a
2
+ 1)x + a
To find zeroes of p(x), put p(x) = 0.
i.e., ax
2
+ a a
2
x x = 0
i.e., (ax
2
a
2
x) (x a) = 0
i.e., ax (x a) 1 (x a) = 0
i.e., (x a) (ax

1) = 0
i.e., x

= a,
1
a
Thus, a and
1
a
are the zeroes of p(x).
Sum of zeroes =
1
a
a
+ =
2
1 a
a
+
=
( )
2
1 a
a
+
=
2
Coefficient of
Coefficient of
x
x
Product of zeroes = a
1
a
=
a
a
=
2
Constant term
Coefficient of x
.
Hence proved.
OR
See worksheet-12, Sol. 10.
30. Let the speeds of the cars be x km/hr
and y km/hr.
We know that
Time Speed = Distance
When the cars run in the same direction.
80 km A B
x km/hr
y km/hr
Difference of the distances covered by
the two cars = 80 km
8x 8y = 80
i.e., x y = 10 ... (i)
When the cars run in the opposite
directions:
80 km A B
x km/hr
y km/hr
1 x + 1 y= 80 or x + y = 80... (ii)
To solve equations (i) and (ii), adding
them and subtracting them respectively,
we get 2x = 90 and 2y = 70
i.e., x = 45 and y = 35
Hence, the speed of the cars are 45 km/
hr and 35 km/hr.
31. See worksheet-34, Sol. 9 (1st part).
OR
See Assessment sheet-7, Sol. 8.
32. We have
q sin = p and p cos = q
sin =
p
q
and cos =
q
p
(i)
6
p
q
_

,
+
6
q
p
_

,
= sin
6
+ cos
6
= (sin
2
)
3
+ (cos
2
)
3
= (sin
2
+ cos
2
)
3
3 sin
2
.
cos
2
(sin
2
+ cos
2
)
[
.
.
.
a
3
+ b
3
= (a + b)
3
3ab (a + b)]
= (1)
3
3
.
2
2
p
q
.
2
2
q
p
.
1
= 1 3 = 2. Proved.
(ii)
6
6
p
q
+
6
6
q
p
= 2
12 12
6 6
p q
p q
+
= 2 p
12
+ q
12
= 2p
6
q
6
p
12
+ q
12
+ 2p
6
q
6
= 0
(p
6
+ q
6
)
2
= 0 p
6
+ q
6
= 0. Proved.
33. We have to prove
sec 1
sec 1
+
+
sec 1
sec 1
+
= 2 cosec
LHS =
sec 1 sec 1
sec 1 sec 1

+
+
sec 1 sec 1
sec 1 sec 1
+ +
+
=
( )
2
2
sec 1
sec 1
+
( )
2
2
sec 1
sec 1
+
=
( )
2
2
sec 1
tan
+
( )
2
2
sec 1
tan
+
=
sec 1 sec 1
tan tan
+
+

=
sec 1 sec 1
tan
+ +
=
2 sec
tan
=
2
cos
sin
cos
=
2
sin
= 2 cosec = RHS. Hence proved.
34. To draw the less than type and more
than type ogives, we prepare the
cumulative frequency table by less than
and more than methods as given below:
Less than type cumulative frequency
table:
Marks No. of Marks c f point
students less
than
0-10 7 10 7 (10, 7)
10-20 10 20 17 (20, 17)
20-30 23 30 40 (30, 40)
30-40 51 40 91 (40, 91)
40-50 6 50 97 (50, 97)
50-60 3 60 100 (60, 100)
More than type cumulative frequency
table:
Marks No. of Marks c f point
students more
than
or
equal
to
0-10 7 0 100 (0, 100)
10-20 10 10 97 (10, 97)
20-30 23 20 83 (20, 83)
30-40 51 30 60 (30, 60)
40-50 6 40 9 (40, 9)
50-60 3 50 3 (50, 3)
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
10 20 30 40 50
(0, 100)
(10, 97)
(20, 83)
(40, 9)
(50, 97)
(40, 91)
(30, 40)
(20, 17)
(10, 7)
Y
X
60
(60, 100)
(50, 3)
(30, 60)
(32, 0)
More than ogive
Less than ogive
We plot the points as given in both of
the tables on a graph, taking marks on
the x-axis and the cumulative frequencies
on the y-axis. On joining these points by
free hand smooth curve, we obtain the
less than and more than type ogives as
shown in the figure.
Median: The abscissa of the point of
intersection of the two ogives determines
the median of the given data. To obtain
the coordinates of this point of
intersection, we draw a perpendicular
from this point on the x-axis. The abscissa
of the foot of this perpendicular is the
required median. Here the coordinates
of the foot of the perpendicular are (32,0),
where 32 is the approximate value.
Hence, the required median is nearly 32
marks.

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Mat hemat i cs

Hint: See worksheet-35 Sol. 8.

+ cos 59 cosec (90 59)

= 1 + sec cosec = RHS

cos A sin A cos A sin A

= cosec A + cot A = RHS.

3 tan 45 tan 20 tan 40 tan50 tan70

3cot 70 cot 50 tan50 tan70

= sin A cos A .... (i)

Subtract equation (ii) from equation (i) to get

. cos = sin = RHS.

120 6f = 160 10f

sin (90 ) = cos ]

... (ii) (Squaring)

Therefore, AOB is not similar to DOC.

RHS of this last equation is rational as a

sin cos sin

cos sin cos

EBQ (ASA criterion)

Use if in (iii) we get

= RHS. Hence proved.

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