LAKSHMI NARAIN COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, INDORE

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS DEPARTMENT

Electrical and Electronics Lab. Lab Manual

Date Experiment No. Date of Conduction Date of Submission OBJECT

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:Measurement of R,L,C &Q using LCR Q Meter

Apparatus:- LCR Q Bridge Kit, Resistance, Capacitor and Inductor, Two Patch chords whose one side is banana plugged and other side is crocodile clip. Q meter:- Every coil has effective resistance whose behavior is different for different frequencies and arises because of eddy current , skin effect etc. this is different from DC resistance. It should be of low value otherwise coil have more power loss (I2R). The ratio of inductive reactance to effective resistance is known as Q factor or Quality Factor, or magnification factor. Q = L Reff Q- Meter is an instrument which measures the value of quality factor (Q) directly. Capacitor and inductor are energy storing devices for which quality factor is defined as Q = 2 X maximum energy stored per cycle energy dissipated per cycle = 0L R

Where 0 is the resonant frequency, L is the inductance and R is the effective resistance of the coil. The effective resistance, R , is never determined directly. Its value depends upon the value of the frequenc. The value of the effective resistance with AC differs from its DC value due to skin effect and eddy current loss.since the value varies in a complex manner with frequenc, it is directly determined by measuring the value of Q. Q-Meter Measurement:- There are three methods of making measurement dependent upon the size of the components. 1.Direct Connection Method:- It is used for medium Q coils.Select a frequency on the oscillator. Current limiting resistor is adjustable to fed selected amount of current to the insertion resistor which is of small value of .02. This resistor acts as a voltage source which is shown as multiplying Q by meter. Connect the unknown resonant circuit by varying the oscillator frequency or by varying the capacitor condition .Resonance is indicated by Q voltmeter. Procedure:1. Note the value of C,Vc,V 2. Q is calculated as Q = Vc Ve 3. L can be estimated using three relations f=1 2LC 2 f = 1 42LC L= = 1 42FC Assumptions:1. Internal impedence of voltage source is neglected. 2. The capacitor is assumed to be non leaky. 3. Inverting capacitance is neglected. Result:- Measured Q is less than actual Q.

Series Connection Method:- It is used for low Q coil Procedure:1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Connect the unknown Zwith work coil. Short circuit Z with the switch. Resonate the circuit and note down C1 and Q1 Remove the short circuit Resonate the circuit and note down C2 and Q2 Xc = XL

During first reading 1 c1 = WL

Q1 = 1 c1R

= L ..........(1) R Xc2 = XL +Xc

During Second reading

Xs =reactance of unknown which appears in series with work coil. Xs = Xc2 - XL =Xc2-Xc1 = 1 - 1 c2 c1 Xs =C1-C2 CC2 If unknown is inductor Xs = LS, LS = C1C2 C1C2 Ls = C1-C2 2 C1C2 If unknown is capacitor Xs = 1 C1 , C1>C2 C1>C2 from 1

1 Cs

= C2-C1 C2C2

Cs = C1C2 C2-C1 Eqn (2) Q1 = 1 C1R R = 1 C1Q1 Q2 = 1 C2Q2 Unknown resistor Rs= R2-R =1 C2Q2 1 C1Q1

Parallel Connection Method:- It is used for high Q coils Procedure:1. Resonate the circuit without connecting unknown coil note down C1,Q1. 2. Connect the unknown coil and resonate the circuit. During first reading Xc = XL 1 c1 = WL = L ..........(1) R

Q1 = 1 c1R

During Second reading = Xc2 Xp = XL Xc2 Xp =XL =Xc1 Xc2+ Xp

During Second reading XczXp =XC1Xc2+ XC1Xp Xp(Xc2-Xc1) =Xc1 Xc2 Xp= Xc1 Xc2 Xc2- Xc1 1 c1 1 c2 .1 c2 -1 c1

Xp= c1-c2 c1-C2 Xp = 1 c1-C2 Observation Table S.no Inductance L (mH)

at 100 Hz

Resistance R ()
at 100 Hz at 1 kHz

Q-Factor /R measured
at 100 Hz at 1 kHz

Q-Factor observed
at 100 Hz at 1 kHz

at 1 kHz

Result. The value of Q increases with frequency Q meter = at 1 kHz at 100 Hz Q calculated at (1kHz) at (100Hz) ******