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In mathematics, the gamma function (represented by the capital Greek letter ) is an extension of the factorial function, with its argument shifted down by 1, to real and complex numbers. That is, if n is a positive integer:
Although the gamma function is defined for all complex numbers except the non-positive integers, it is defined via an improper integral that converges only for complex numbers with a positive real part:
This integral function is extended by analytic continuation to all complex numbers except the non-positive integers (where the function has simple poles), yielding the meromorphic function we call the gamma function. The gamma function is a component in various probability-distribution functions, and as such it is applicable in the fields of probability and statistics, as well as combinatorics.