n in t cng sut Chng IV Gii thiu - tnh ton - thit k mch iu khin ton h thng I.

Nhim v chc nng mch iu khin : Nh ta bit Thyristo ch m cho dng chy qua khi c in p dng t ln ant v c xung iu khin t vo cc iu khin. Sau khi Thyristo m th xung iu khin khng cn c tc dng g na. Dng in chy qua Thyristo do thng s mch lc quyt nh. 1.Mch iu khin c chc nng sau: - iu chnh c v tr xung iu khin trong phm vi na chu k dng ca in p t ln a-k ca T. - To cc xung iu khin c th m c Thyristo. Xung iu khin c rng 2 10V; rng xung tx = 20 100s. D rng xung iu khin c th tnh c theo cng thc: I tx = dt di dt Idt: dng duy tr ca Thyristo di/dt: tc tng trng ca dng in ti.

 n in t cng sut
FX ch o

Chia xung

KSX

NLL ND

Tn hiu phn hi

2.Cu trc chung ca mch iu khin nghch lu: 3.Yu cu v mch iu khin: Mch iu khin l mt khu quan trng trong h thng iu khin Thyrisro, n l b phn ch yu quyt nh cht lng v tin cy ca b bin i. Yu cu v b bin i c th tm tt nh sau: Mi thyristo c 1 c tnh l quan h gia in p trn cc iu khin v dng in chy qua cc iu khin Uk= f(Ik). Quan h gia chng c biu din nh sau:

Do sai lch v thng s ch to v iu kin lm vic ngay c T cng loi cng c c tnh u va khc nhau. Vi mi loi thyristo ta c cc c tnh ny dao ng gia 2 c tnh gii hn a v b. - Yu cu ln ca in p v dng iu khin c 3 yu cu ch yu sau: + Cc gi tr ln nht khng vt qu gi tr cho php.
2

 n in t cng sut + Gi tr nh nht cng phi m bo c tt c cc Thyristo cng loi mi iu kin lm vic. + Tn hao cng sut trung bnh cc iu khin nh hn gi tr cho php. - Yu cu v tnh i xng ca xung trong kng iu khin: Trong cc b bin i c nhiu pha, tnh i xng ca xung iu khin rt quan trng, nu xung iu khin mt tnh i xng s lm cho dng ant ca cc pha c hh dng khc nhau v gi tr khc nhau lm mt cn bng cu my bin p xung do gim cng sut MBAX. - Yu cu v rng xung iu khin: Thng thng rng xung khng nh hn 5 s v tng rng ca xung iu khin s cho php gim nh xung iu khin. Khi mch ti c in cm ln th dng in ti it tng chm nn phi tng rng ca xung iu khin. -Yu cu v tin cy ca mch iu khin: Mch iu khin phi lm vic tin cy trong mi trng hp nhit thay i. -Yu cu v lp rp vn hnh: S dng thit b d thay th, d lp rp, iu chnh, thit bi thay th d dng gia cc khi cho nhau nhng mi khi phi c kh nng lm vic p lp. II. Tnh ton mch iu khin:

 n in t cng sut 1.Khi pht xung ch o: Ta dng vi mch 555 y l khi pht xung ch nht. S khi pht xung nh sau:
+E 15V 27k R1 D1 27k P2 xP 2 5k P1 5,7k s U c1 0 C1 5k V3 D2 5k

Tr 1

dm bo xung ra c T1=T2 tc l i xng hon ton th ta thit k vi mch 555 c tn s bng 2 ln tn s yu cu tc l f=2000Hz sua u ra ca 555 a vo mch m logic chia 2 ( Mt flip-flipTrig). Vy ta c chu k u ra ca vi mch 555: T=0,639C(R1+R2+2P1+P2=; xung i xng T1 T2 ta chon R1=R2; x=1/2 khi T=0,693C(2R1+2P1+P2) Chon C= 0,01F ta c: T= 0,693.0,01.10-6.(2R+2P1+P2)=1/f=1/2000 = 0,0005 2R + 2P1+P2 = 72150; Chon R =27k 2P1+P2 =1,82k

 n in t cng sut Chon P1= 5,7k P2 = 6,8k. Vy thit k mch xung c f=2000Hz dung 555 th C = 0,01F; R1 = R2 =27K; P1= 5,7k; P2=18,2k. D1 ,D2 l hai it chn cng loi c k hiu 204 Itb=800mA; Um=100V. Tranzito Tr1 chon loi c828 c Uce=30V; Icmax=300mA; =30 100; Ic =10A; 2. Thit k b chia xung: Ta dng 1 Flip-flop Trig loi T-FF tuy nhin T-FF khng bn trn th trng. Mun c ta pha to ra t cc Flip-Flop khc. y ta to ra t D Flplop khng ng b theo sn ln ca xung nhp ta c th to ra c T-FF tch cc cao lt trng thi sT n ln ca xung nhp). Vy D xung sau khi Ra khi bb chia xung c tn s f = ra R1 1000Hz. Q t T 3.Thit k b to rng xung: C Q Q To ra xung n ( xung kim) c rng tx =100s = 10-4s S khi b to rng xung: t z C Hot ng& ca s2 : 2 z3 & & z4 z Khi x =0; z1& =0; z21 =0; z3 =0; z4 =1; y=0

y Khi x =1; z1 =0; z2 =1; t in C2 c np in qua x in tr R2. Lc u UR3 =1 do z4 =0, y =1, sau thi gian t=R3C2 th UR2 =0 th z4 =1 v y =0. Trong mc lgic o khong 0,4 n 0,6V. rng xung ra l tx= R3C2, thng chn R3 =1k tx =10-4 = 1000C2 C2 = 0,1F.
5

 n in t cng sut Vy khu to xung c s nh hnh v v chn C2 = 0,1F; R3 = 1k. 4 phn t NAND trong s nm trong con IC4011 c s
V cc 14 13

12 11

10

C MO S 4011

chn nh sau: 4. Thit k my bin p xung: S dung BAX vi mc ch sau: -D dng to c xung vi bin ph hp vi ti. -Cch ly v in gia mch iu khin v h thng ng lc. -D dng thay i cc tnh ca xung ra. Khi chn van iu khin th gi tr dng v p: Ik =0,3A Uk=7V
Dz E 2 +24V D4 204 D5 204 D3 204 R4 2k C828 120 R5 K G

Tr 2

in p iu khin v dng in iu

khin

chnh l gi tr dng v p th cp ca BAX. Theo kinh nghim t s BAX thng chn t 1 3 l tt nht. Do ta chn n=1,5. Nh vy in p t ln cun s cp phi l: U1= n.Uk =1,5.7 =10,5V. Dng i s cp:

I 0,3 I1 = dk = = 0,2 n 1,5

 n in t cng sut Ta chn vt liu li thp l pherit, lm vic trn 1 phn c tnh t ho Bs= 0,45T; t thm = 6000A/m2, c din tch li thp l 1cm2.

U .t W = 1 x 1 BsS *S vng dy cun s cp :

tx: Chiu di xung iu truyn qua BAX , thng chn tx t 10 600s, y ta chn tx =100s *S din tch li pherit ly S W = 1 =10-4mm2 *S vng dy cun th cp:

10,5.100.10 4 0,45.10
4

= 23(vng )

W2 =
*Chn mt dng j=3A/mm2 ng knh cun th cp: ng knh cun s d1 = 2

in

W 23 1= = 15(vng ) n 1,5 I2 0,3 =2 = 0,357 mm .j 3,14.3

d2 = 2

I1 0,2 =2 = 0,28mm cp: . j 3,14.3

*Chn R4 =2k, chn tranditoc Ic2m =I1 =0,2A

R5 =

E2 I c2 max

24 = 120 0,2

Chn Tr2 l C828 c Uce =30V; Ic2max =300mA; =30 100; D3, D4, D5, chn loi it 204 c Itb =800mA;Um =100V; 5. La chn khu lch pha:

 n in t cng sut Xung iu khin T1T4 mun iu khin T3 T2 th ta phi dich xung i mt gc do ta phi thit k khu dch
R8 R8 Uv R9
+15 V TL081 15V

u ra

D4

pha: y l mch tr pha ton thng , to ra tn hiu dch pha ta mc ni tip 2 b dch pha 900 Chn R8 = 10k. Ta c lch pha :() = -2tg-1. RC Vi =2.103(rad/s) -2arctg(2.103R9C10) = -900 R9C10 = 1/2.103 = 0,16.10-3. Chn t C10 c dung lng C10 = 0,1F

R9 =

0,16.10 3 0,1.10
6

= 1,6 k

Chn R9 l chit p 3k. K hiu b dch pha : 6. Khu ly tn hiu v: Tn hiu v c hai nhim v: - Sau khi tn hiu dng v p ca b nghch lu ra ti n nh th ngt my pht xung ch o. B dch pha

 n in t cng sut - Tn hiu v c da v b khuych i sa xung iu khin qu trnh ng m cc can ca b nghch lu. Ta c Uti = 800V; Iti =351A V b nghch luc lp ngun dng nn dng in ti khng ph thuc vo ti do ta ly tn hiu v l tn hiu dng v ly tn hiu iu khin th ta phi s dng my bin dng v in tr sun Rs. Chn my bin dng c s vng dy s cp v th cp

W I2 351 I 1 = ; W = 1 W2 = 1 .W = .1 = 1755(vng ) 1 I 2 1 0,2 W2 I1

Chn Rs Ui=i.Rs =10V Rs =10/0,2 =50.
Ti Bi dng n

Rs U i=i.R S

Tn hiu ly v c dng:

Mun c dng xung vung ta cho tn hiu qua IC thut

+V cc Ud -Vcc

ton Chn loi OA TL081 c Vcc = 15V

9

 n in t cng sut Ud = 30V th tn hiu vo ra theo thi gian:

T 1T 4 T 2T 3

T 1T 4 T 2T 3

Ta c xung iu khin ca T1 v T4 phi c dng xung dng do to xung iu khin cho T1 v T4 th tn hiu phn hi sau khi qua b khuych i thut ton ta cho qua it

Uv
204

Ur D5
M T 1T 4

Khi Uv >0 UA < UK

D kho Ur = Uv Khi Uv <0 UA >UK D thng Ur = 0 to xung iu khin T2,T3 ta dng mch gim trn song
Uv

Uv
204

Ur D6
Ur t

song

Uv > 0 UA > UK D6 thng Ur =0

10

 n in t cng sut Uv < 0 UA < UK D6 kho Ur = Uv V xung iu khin m van l xung dng nn ta phi cho qua 1 phn t bn dn l vi mch:
u vo OA

R6 C3

+ V cc t
T hi sau D 6 n u

3 1 2 4 6 14 10
Uv
204

8 C MO S 4047
D6

11

5 7 9 12 t
T hi ra ch n u n 10 ca 4047

Tn hiu chn 10 ca 4047 chnh l tn hiu qua BAX v di iu khin T2,T3. 7. Khu ngt my pht xung: Sau khi tn hiu dng v p ra ti n nh th ta ngt my pht xung ra khi mch iu khin, do ta c th s dng r le thi gian c hai tip im, mt tip im thng ng m chm v mt tip im thng m ng chm. Chon r le thi gian do lin x c ch to loi B201 c cc thng s k thut: + Din p nh mc Um =24V + Khong iu chnh thi gian 0,25 4s.

11

 n in t cng sut Theo s liu trong bi ta iu chnh thi gian ca rle l 1s Tng hp mch iu khin: Sau khi chn cc khu v cc phn t ta gp ni cc khu li vi nhau v c s tng qut ca mch iu khin. 8. Thit k b ngun cung cp cho cc vi mch, cho bin p xung: Ta cn c ngun mt chiu c in p 15V v +24V. Do ta thit k b chnh lu, sau b chnh lu t mt n p n nh in p ra : Chn dng IC n

U r = 15V U vmin = 17,5V p LM7815 c: U r max = 30V

V IC LM7824 c :

U r = 24V U vmin = 27V U r max = 38V

Thit k mch ngun 15V Ta dng s chnh lu 2 na chu k binp im gia:

D7 LM 7815 U 1 =220V U2 1 3 D8 C4
12

+15V

C5

C6

 n in t cng sut Chn t C4 l t mt chiu 1000F; C5 = 330nF; C6 = 10nF ; xc nh t s my bin p ta xt in p vo cho php ca 7815. Nu in p vo l 220V, 50Hz th 220 2 ta c bin in p cun s cp l Cun th cp c im gi phi c bin :

U 2m =

U vmax + U vmin 17,5 + 30 = = 23,75V 2 2

Vy t s bin p :

a1 =

U vm 220 2 = =7 2U 2m 2.23,75

Thit k mch to ngun +24V Ta c:

U 2m =

U vmax + U vmin 28 + 38 = = 32,5V 2 2 a2 = U vm 220 2 = =5 2U 2m 2.32,5

T s bin p:

S mch tao ngun +24V:

D9 LM7815 U 1 =220V U2 1 3 D 10 C7 C8 C9 2 +24V

Chn D7, D8, D9, D10, cng loi 204 c Itb =800mA, Uim =100V.

13

 n in t cng sut Thit k ngun cung cp -15V: S ngun cung cp -15V nh sau:

D9 LM 7815 U 1 =220V U2 1 3 D 10 C7 C8 C9 2 +24V

II.

Tng hp mch iu khin cho ton h thng:

1. S mch iu khin cho ton h thng:

14

 n in t cng sut

2. Nguyn l hot ng ca ton h thng: + Vi mch 555 pht xung hnh ch nht c tn s 2000Hz sau khi qua b chia xung Fliplop ta c xung vung c tn s 1000Hz. + Xung tn s f =1000Hz qua b to rng xung ta c xung c rng tx =100s, tn s f=1000Hz, xung ny qua BAX c khuych i , sau c a vo cc G1,G4 ca cc Thyristo T1, T4. + Xung u ra ca b to rng, mun kch m c T2, T3 ta cho qua b dch pha 1 gc . Xung ny c dng dng xung u ra ca b to rng xung nhng dch pha 1 gc . Xung ny qua BAX khuych i sau a vo cc G2, G3 ca thyristo T2,T3. + Khi cc thyristo T1, T2, T3, T4 c kch m th b nghch lu hot ng cp dng v p cho ti. Dng dng in gn sin, c tn s f=1000Hz, bin dng v p tho mn yu cu. + b nghch lu c th t hot ng ta ly tn hiu dong in v kch m cc van. Khi ta ngt my pht xung ch o 555. lm vic ny ta dng r le thi gian. Khi ti c
15

 n in t cng sut tn hiu cun ht ca r le Rth c in, sau 1 khong thi gian tip im thng ng m chm m ra, ngt my pht xung 555 cn tip im thng m ng chm cng sau mt khong thi gian th ng li, tn hiu ly t ti c a vo b to rng xung sau qua BAX v iu khin qu trnh ng m cc van thay cho b pht xung 555, chnh nh thi gian ng m cc tip im ca r le thi gian th ta s quy nh c thi gian mb pht xung ch o hot ng. 3. Dng dng in v in p ti cc im: Da vo s nguyn l v nhng phn tch trn ta c dng dng in v in p ti cc nt nh sau:

16

 n in t cng sut

A 10V 5V B
T

2T

tx

ira

17

 n in t cng sut

ira

tx

E tx G

18

 n in t cng sut

Kt lun
Sau mt qu trnh hc tp v nghin cu, cng vi s hng dn tn tnh ca thy gio v s gip ca cc bn cng lp, chng em hon thnh cc nhim v c giao ca bn n: Thit k b bin tn cho l nu thp, phn nghch lu. Trong qu trnh thc hin, chc chn bn thn chng em khng th trnh khi nhng thiu st, chng em rt mong nhn c nhng kin ng gp ca cc thy v cc bn bn n ny hon thin hn. Chng em xin chn thnh cm n!
H Ni ngy 20 thng 12nm 2001 Sinh vin

19

 n in t cng sut

Ti liu tham kho

1. in t cng sut - Nguyn Bnh

2.Phn tch v gii mch in t cng sut Dng Vn Nghi - Phm Quc Hi 3.Bi ging in t cng sut ca thy Phm Quc Hi. 4.Bi ging in t cng sut ca thy Dng Vn Nghi 5.Kh c in - T ng 6.in luyn thp - HBK 7.in t s - Nh xut bn gio dc

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