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THI TH I HC, CAO NG 2012
Mn thi : TON ( 78)
I. PHN CHUNG CHO TT C CC TH SINH (7,0 im)
Cu I. (2,0 im)
Cho hm s y = x
3
3x
2
+ mx + 4, trong m l tham s thc.
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s cho, vi m = 0.
2. Tm tt c cc gi tr ca tham s m hm s cho nghch bin trn khong (0 ; + ).
Cu II. (2,0 im)
1. Gii phng trnh: 3 (2cos
2
x + cosx 2) + (3 2cosx)sinx = 0
2. Gii phng trnh:
2
2 4 1
2
log (x 2) log (x 5) log 8 0 + + +
Cu III. (1,0 im)
Tnh din tch hnh phng gii hn bi th hm s y =
x
e 1 +
, trc honh v hai ng thng x = ln3, x =
ln8.
Cu VI. (1,0 im)
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a, SA = SB = a, mt phng (SAB) vung gc vi
mt phng (ABCD). Tnh bn knh mt cu ngoi tip hnh chp S.ABCD.
Cu V. (1,0 im)
Xt cc s thc dng x, y, z tha mn iu kin x + y + z = 1.
Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu thc:
2 2 2
x (y z) y (z x) z (x y)
P
yz zx xz
+ + +
+ +
II. PHN RING (3,0 im)
Th sinh ch c chn lm mt trong hai phn (phn 1 hoc phn 2)
1. Theo chng trnh Chun:
Cu VIa. (2,0 im)
1. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho ng trn (C) c phng trnh: x
2
+ y
2
6x + 5 = 0. Tm im
M thuc trc tung sao cho qua M k c hai tip tuyn vi (C) m gc gia hai tip tuyn bng 60
0
.
2. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho im M(2 ; 1 ; 0) v ng thng d c phng trnh:
x 1 2t
y 1 t
z t
+

+
'

Vit phng trnh tham s ca ng thng i qua im M, ct v vung gc vi ng thng d.

Cu VIIa. (1,0 im)
Tm h s ca x
2
trong khai trin thnh a thc ca biu thc P = (x
2
+ x 1)
6
2. Theo chng trnh Nng cao
Cu VIb. (2,0 im)
1. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho ng trn (C) c phng trnh: x
2
+ y
2
6x + 5 = 0. Tm im
M thuc trc tung sao cho qua M k c hai tip tuyn vi (C) m gc gia hai tip tuyn bng 60
0
.
2. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho im M(2 ; 1 ; 0) v ng thng d c phng trnh:
x 1 y 1 z
2 1 1
+

.
Vit phng trnh chnh tc ca ng thng i qua im M, ct v vung gc vi ng thng d.
Cu VIIb. (1,0 im)
Tm h s ca x
3
trong khai trin thnh a thc ca biu thc P = (x
2
+ x 1)
5
1
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Ht
2
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P N THI TH I HC, CAO NG
Mn thi : TON ( 78 )
Cu p n im
I
(2,0
im)
1. (1,25 im)
Vi m = 0, ta c hm s y = x
3
3x
2
+ 4
Tp xc nh: D =
S bin thin:
Chiu bin thin: y = 3x
2
6x, y = 0
x 2
x 0

y < 0
x 2
x 0
<

>

y > 0 2 < x < 0
Do : + Hm s nghch bin trn mi khong ( ; 2) v (0 ; + )
+ Hm s ng bin trn khong (2 ; 0)
0,50
Cc tr: + Hm s y t cc tiu ti x = 2 v y
CT
= y(2) = 0;
+ Hm s y t cc i ti x = 0 v y
C
= y(0) = 4.
Gii hn:
x x
lim , lim
+
+
0,25
Bng bin thin:
0,25
th:
th ct trc tung ti im (0 ; 4),
ct trc honh ti im (1 ; 0) v tip
xc vi trc honh ti im (2 ; 0)
0,25
2. (0,75 im)
Hm s cho nghch bin trn khong (0 ; + ) y = 3x
2
6x + m 0, x > 0
3x
2
+ 6x m, x > 0 (*)
0,25
Ta c bng bin thin ca hm s y = 3x
2
+ 6x trn (0 ; +
)
T ta c : (*) m 0.
0,50
II
(2,0
im)
1. (1,0 im)
Phng trnh cho tng ng vi phng trnh :
( ) ( )
3
sin x
2sin x 3 3sin x cos x 0
2
3sin x cos x 0

0,50
3
x
y'
y


+
+
2
0
0
0
0
4
+
4
3 2 O 1
y
x
x
y
+
0
+ 0
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n
x ( 1) n , n
3
x k , k
6

+

0,50
Cu p n im
2. (1,0 im)
iu kin: x > 2 v x 5 (*)
Vi iu kin , ta c phng trnh cho tng ng vi phng trnh:
2 2
2 2
log (x 2) x 5 log 8 (x 2) x 5 8 (x 3x 18)(x 3x 2) 0 1 + +
]
0,50
2
2
x 3x 18 0
3 17
x 3; x 6; x
2
x 3x 2 0

t

i chiu vi iu kin (*), ta c tt c cc nghim ca phng trnh cho l:

x 6 v
3 17
x
2
t

0,50
III
(1,0
im)
K hiu S l din tch cn tnh.
V
ln8
x x
ln3
e 1 0 x [ln3 ; ln8] nn S e 1dx + > +

0,25
t
x
e 1 +
= t, ta c
2
2tdt
dx
t 1

Khi x = ln3 th t = 2, v khi x = ln8 th t = 3

0,25
V vy:
3 3 3 3 3 2
3 3
2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2 2
2t dt dt dt dt 3
S 2 dt 2 2 ln t 1 ln t 1 2 ln
t 1 t 1 t 1 t 1 2
_
+ + + + +

+
,

0,50
IV
(1,0
im)
Do SA = SB = AB (= a) nn SAB l tam gic u.
Gi G v I tng ng l tm ca tam gic u SAB v tm ca hnh vung ABCD.
Gi O l tm mt cu ngoi tip hnh chp S.ABD.
Ta c OG (SAB) v OI (ABCD).
0,50
Suy ra: + OG = IH =
a
2
, trong H l trung im ca AB.
+ Tam gic OGA vung ti G.
0,25
K hiu R l bn knh mt cu ngoi tip hnh chp S.ABD,
ta c:
2 2
2 2
a 3a a 21
R OA OG GA
4 9 6
+ +
0,25
V
(1,0
im)
Ta c :
2 2 2 2 2 2
x x y y z z
P
y z z x x y
+ + + + +
(*)
Nhn thy : x
2
+ y
2
xy xy x, y
Do : x
3
+ y
3
xy(x + y) x, y > 0 hay
2 2
x y
x y
y x
+ +
x, y > 0
0,50
Tng t, ta c :
2 2
y z
y z
z y
+ +
y, z > 0
2 2
z x
z x
x z
+ + x, z > 0
Cng tng v ba bt ng thc va nhn c trn, kt hp vi (*), ta c:
P 2(x + y + z) = 2 x, y, z > 0 v x + y + z = 1
Hn na, ta li c P = 2 khi x = y = z =
1
3
. V vy, minP = 2.
0,50
VI.a
1. (1,0 im)
4
A
B C
D
H
G
O
I
S
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(2,0
im)
Vit li phng trnh ca (C) di dng: (x 3)
2
+ y
2
= 4.
T , (C) c tm I(3 ; 0) v bn knh R = 2
0,25
Suy ra trc tung khng c im chung vi ng trn (C). V vy, qua mt im bt k trn tc tung
lun k c hai tip tuyn ca (C).
0,25
Cu p n im
Xt im M(0 ; m) ty thuc trc tung.
Qua M, k cc tip tuyn MA v MB ca (C) (A, B l cc tip im). Ta c:
Gc gia 2 ng thng MA v MB bng 60
0

0
0
AMB 60 (1)
AMB 120 (2)

0,25
V MI l phn gic ca

AMB
nn :
(1)

0 2
0
IA
AMI 30 MI MI 2R m 9 4 m 7
sin30
+ t
(2)

0 2
0
IA 2R 3 4 3
AMI 60 MI MI m 9
sin60 3 3
+ (*)
D thy, khng c m tha mn (*)
Vy c tt c hai im cn tm l: (0 ; 7 ) v (0 ; 7 )
0,25
2. (1,0 im)
Gi H l hnh chiu vung gc ca M trn d, ta c MH l ng thng i qua M, ct v vung gc
vi d.
0,25
V H d nn ta ca H c dng : (1 + 2t ; 1 + t ; t).
Suy ra :
MH
uuuur
= (2t 1 ; 2 + t ; t)
V MH d v d c mt vect ch phng l u
r
= (2 ; 1 ; 1), nn :
2.(2t 1) + 1.(2 + t) + (1).(t) = 0 t =
2
3
. V th,
MH
uuuur
=
1 4 2
; ;
3 3 3
_


,
.
0,50
Suy ra, phng trnh tham s ca ng thng MH l:
x 2 t
y 1 4t
z 2t
+

'

0,25
VII.a
(1,0
im)
Theo cng thc nh thc Niu-tn, ta c:
P =
0 6 1 2 5 k 2k 6 k 5 10 6 12
6 6 6 6 6
C (x 1) C x (x 1) C x (x 1) C x (x 1) C x

+ + + + + + K K
0,25
Suy ra, khi khai trin P thnh a thc, x
2
ch xut hin khi khai trin
0 6
6
C (x 1) v
1 2 5
6
C x (x 1) .
0,25
H s ca x
2
trong khai trin
0 6
6
C (x 1) l :
0 2
6 6
C .C
H s ca x
2
trong khai trin
1 2 5
6
C x (x 1) l :
1 0
6 5
C .C
0,25
V vy, h s ca x
2
trong khai trin P thnh a thc l :
0 2
6 6
C .C
1 0
6 5
C .C = 9. 0,25
VI.b
(2,0
im)
1. (1,0 im) Xem phn 1 Cu VI.a.
2. (1,0 im)
Gi H l hnh chiu vung gc ca M trn d, ta c MH l ng thng i qua M, ct v vung gc
vi d.
0,25
d c phng trnh tham s l:
x 1 2t
y 1 t
z t
+

+
'

V H d nn ta ca H c dng : (1 + 2t ; 1 + t ; t).
Suy ra :
MH
uuuur
= (2t 1 ; 2 + t ; t)
V MH d v d c mt vect ch phng l u
r
= (2 ; 1 ; 1), nn :
2.(2t 1) + 1.(2 + t) + (1).(t) = 0 t =
2
3
. V th,
MH
uuuur
=
1 4 2
; ;
3 3 3
_


,
.
0,50
Suy ra, phng trnh chnh tc ca ng thng MH l: 0,25
5
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x 2 y 1 z
1 4 2



Cu p n im
VII.b
(1,0
im)
Theo cng thc nh thc Niu-tn, ta c:
P =
0 5 1 2 4 k 2k 5 k 4 8 5 10
5 5 5 5 5
C (x 1) C x (x 1) C x (x 1) C x (x 1) C x

+ + + + + + K K 0,25
Suy ra, khi khai trin P thnh a thc, x
3
ch xut hin khi khai trin
0 5
5
C (x 1) v
1 2 4
5
C x (x 1) .
0,25
H s ca x
3
trong khai trin
0 5
5
C (x 1) l :
0 3
5 5
C .C
H s ca x
3
trong khai trin
1 2 4
5
C x (x 1) l :
1 1
5 4
C .C
0,25
V vy, h s ca x
3
trong khai trin P thnh a thc l :
0 3
5 5
C .C
1 1
5 4
C .C = 10. 0,25
.
6