( P

5
I

Chapter 13

Circles
The turtle can make curved as well as straight line designs. Curves are made by repeatedly taking a small step and then turning just a little bit. To make a complete circle the turtle has to turn 360 degrees. Try this:
REPEAT 360 [FD 1 RT 1]

5
; i

R E P E A T 360 [FD 1 RT 1]

If you want to vary the size of the circle, use the command c i r c l e r (pronounced circle-are) or c i r c l e l (pronounced circle-ell) with an input for the size of the circle. The input is a number which is the radius, i.e., the distance from the edge of the circle to its center. Try

CIRCLER CIRCLER CIRCLEL CIRCLEL

20 10 20 10

c ir c l e r

causes the turtle to draw a circle by turn ing right and c i r c l e l causes the turtle to draw a circle by turning left.

Bug Box If Logo does not know how to c i r c l e r or c i r c l e l skip this chapter. Appendix A offers an explanation of why Logo might not know how to do these procedures.

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Projects Using Circles Here are some projects using circles.

EYES TO EYES REYE LEYE END

REYE

BALLOON

L O L L IPO P

FLOW ER

0
LEYE

TO REYE CI RCLER 2 0 CI RCLER 1 0 END TO LEYE CI RCLEL 2 0 CI RCLEL 1 0 END TO BALLOON FD 4 0 C I R C L E R 10 END TO LOLLI POP FD 4 0 LT 9 0 C I R C L E R 10 END
TO F L OWE R FD 2 0 CIRCLER 5 LOLLIPOP END

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In this example we define uses several procedures: and n o s e .

TO F A C E : S I Z E HEAD : S I Z E EYES : S I Z E / 5 MOUTH : S I Z E / 5 NOS E : S I Z E / 5 END TO HEAD : S I Z E PU FD : S I Z E RT 9 0 PD C I R C L E R : S I Z E PU LT 9 0 BK : S I Z E PD END TO E Y E S : S I Z E LEYE : S IZ E REYE : S I Z E END TO L E Y E : S PU LT 9 0 FD : S PD CIR CL ER :S / 2 PU BK : S RT 9 0 PD END TO R E Y E : S PU RT 9 0 FD : S PD CIRCLEL : S / 2 PU BK : S LT 9 0 PD END TO MOUTH : S I Z E PU BK 2 * : S I Z E RT 9 0 FD : S I Z E / 2 PD BK : S I Z E PU FD : S I Z E / 2 LT 9 0 FD 2 * : S I Z E END TO NOS E BK : S END :S

fac e

with an input. It

h e a d , e y e s , m o u th

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Another one i s
TO B U L L S E Y E HE AD 1 0 HEAD 2 0 HEAD 3 0 HE AD 4 0 END

b u lls e y e :

BULLSEY E