Артеменко Ю.Н. - MySQL Руководство администратора

M
A d m i n i s t r a t o r ' s
G u i d e
MySQLAB
M y S Q L
Press
800 East 96th Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46240 USA
MySQL AB
""
-
2005
32.973.26-018.2.75
681.3.07
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.. , .. , .
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: info@williamspublishing.com, http://www.williamspublishing.com
115419, , / 783, 03150, , / 152.
MySQL AB.
MySQL. . : . . . :
"", 2005. 624 . . . .
ISBN 5-8459-0805-1 (.)
, MySQL AB,
,
MySQL. .
, MySQL, , .
, MySQL
. , API-, , MySQL Web, .
Web- , .
32.973.26-018.2.75
.

, ,
, MySQL Press.
Authorized translation from the English language edition published by MySQL Press, Copyright 2004
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic
or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage retrieval system, without permission
from the Publisher.
Russian language edition published by Williams Publishing House according to the Agreement with R&I
Enterprises International, Copyright 2005
ISBN 5-8459-0805-1 (.)

ISBN 0-672-32634-5 (.)
"", 2005
MySQL AB, 2004
14
14
1.
15
2. MySQL
76
3. MySQL
202
4.
212
5. MySQL
365
6. MySQL
402
7. MySQL
460
8. MySQL
498
9. InnoDB
523
10. MaxDB
582
. MySQL
588
612
614
14
14
1.
1.1.
1.1.1. ,
1.2. MySQL
1.2.1. MySQL
1.2.2. MySQL
1.2.3. MySQL
1.2.4. MySQL
1.2.5. " 2000 "
1.3. MySQL AB
1.3.1. - , MySQL AB
1.3.2.
1.4. MySQL
1.4.1. , MySQL AB
1.4.2. MySQL
1.4.3. MySQL
1.4.4. MySQL AB
1.5. MySQL
1.5.1. MySQL 4.0
1.5.2. MySQL 4.1
1.5.3. MySQL 5.0:
1.6. MySQL ( TODO)
1.6.1. , 4.1
1.6.2. , 5.0
1.6.3. , 5.1
1.6.4. ,
1.6.5. ,
1.6.6. ,
1.7. MySQL
1.7.1. MySQL
1.7.2. MySQL IRC
1.8. MySQL
1.8.1. , MySQL
1.8.2. SQL
1.8.3. MySQL ANSI
1.8.4. SQL MySQL
1.8.5. MySQL SQL
1.8.6. MySQL
1.8.7. MySQL
15
15
16
18
19
20
22
23
25
26
27
30
31
31
32
32
35
37
37
39
41
41
41
42
43
43
46
47
48
48
56
56
57
57
57
58
61
68
70

2. MySQL
2.1.
2.1.1. , MySQL
2.1.2. MySQL
2.1.3. MySQL
2.1.4.
MD5 GnuPG
2.1.5.
2.2. MySQL
2.2.1. MySQL Windows
2.2.2. MySQL Linux
2.2.3. MySQL Mac OS X
2.2.4. MySQL NetWare
2.2.5. MySQL Unix-
2.3. MySQL
2.3.1.
2.3.2. configure
2.3.3.
2.3.4. MySQL
2.3.5. MIT-pthreads
2.4.
2.4.1. Windows
2.4.2. Unix
2.4.3. MySQL
2.4.4. MySQL
2.4.5. MySQL
2.5. MySQL
2.5.1. 4.1 5.0
2.5.2. 4.0 4.1
2.5.3. 3.23 4.0
2.5.4. 3.22 3.23
2.5.5. 3.21 3.22
2.5.6. 3.20 3.21
2.5.8.
2.5.9. MySQL
2.6.
2.6.1. Linux
2.6.2. Max OS X
2.6.3. Solaris
2.6.4. BSD
2.6.5. Unix
2.6.6. OS/2
2.6.7. BeOS
2.7. Perl
2.7.1. Perl Unix
7
76
77
77
79
90
90
93
95
95
107
109
112
114
117
118
121
124
127
131
133
136
136
137
138
144
146
149
153
154
154
159
163
165
166
167
167
168
170
170
178
179
183
187
196
197
197
197
2.7.2. ActiveState Perl Windows

2.7.3. Perl DBI/DBD
198
199
3. MySQL
3.1. MySQL
3.2. MySQL-
3.3.
3.3.1.
3.3.2.
3.3.3.
3.3.4.
202
202
203
204
204
206
210
210
4.
4.1. MySQL
4.1.1.
4.1.2. MySQL- mysqld-max
4.1.3. mysqld_safe
4.1.4. mysql.server
4.1.5. mysqldmulti
MySQL-
4.2. MySQL
4.2.1. mysqld
4.2.2. SQL
4.2.3.
4.2.4.
4.3.
4.3.1. ,
4.3.2. MySQL
4.3.3. mysqld,
4.3.4. LOAD DATA LOCAL
4.4. MySQL
4.4.1.
4.4.2.
4.4.3. , MySQL
4.4.4. MySQL
4.4.5. , :
4.4.6. , :
4.4.7.
4.4.8. (Access denied)
4.4.9 MySQL 4.1
4.5. MySQL
4.5.1. MySQL
4.5.2. MySQL
4.5.3. MySQL
4.5.4.
4.5.5.
4.5.6.
4.5.7.
4.6.
212
212
212
213
215
218
219
223
223
232
234
260
265
265
268
270
271
272
272
273
277
281
282
286
289
289
295
301
301
303
306
307
309
310
311
318

4.6.1.
4.6.2.
4.6.3.
4.6.4.
4.7. MySQL
4.7.1.
4.7.2.
4.7.3.
4.7.4.
4.7.5.
4.7.6.
4.7.7.
4.8. MySQL
4.8.1.
4.8.2.
4.8.3.
4.8.4.
4.8.5.
4.8.6.
4.9. MySQL
4.9.1. Windows
4.9.2. Unix
4.9.3.

4.10. MySQL
4.10.1.
4.10.2. SELECT
4.10.3.
4.10.4.
5. MySQL
5.1.
5.2.
5.3.
5.3.1.
5.3.2. /
5.3.3. SQL
5.3.4.
5.4.
5.5. MySQL
5.6.
5.6.1. 4.0 4.1
5.6.2. 5.0
5.7.
5.8.
5.9.
5.10.
5.11.
9
318
320
333
334
340
340
341
342
343
344
344
344
345
346
346
347
348
351
351
352
354
358
359
360
361
362
362
363
365
365
366
367
369
369
371
371
373
378
378
379
379
380
384
393
399
400
10
6. MySQL
6.1.
6.1.1. MySQL
6.1.2.
6.1.3. MySQL
6.1.4. MySQL
6.1.5.
6.2. SELECT
6.2.1. EXPLAIN ( SELECT)
6.2.2.
6.2.3. SELECT
6.2.4. MySQL WHERE
6.2.5. MySQL OR
6.2.6. MySQL IS NULL
6.2.7. MySQL DISTINCT
6.2.8. MySQL LEFT JOIN RIGHT JOIN
6.2.9. MySQL ORDER BY
6.2.10. MySQL LIMIT
6.2.11.
6.2.12. INSERT
6.2.13. UPDATE
6.2.14. DELETE
6.2.15.
6.3.
6.3.1.
6.3.2.
6.4.
6.4.1.
6.4.2.
6.4.3.
6.4.4.
6.4.5. MySQL
6.4.6. MylSAM
6.4.7. MySQL
6.4.8. MySQL
6.4.9.
6.5. MySQL
6.5.1.
6.5.2.
6.5.3. MySQL
6.5.4. MySQL
6.5.5. MySQL DNS
6.6.
6.6.1.
402
402
403
403
405
405
406
407
408
415
416
416
418
419
419
420
421
423
424
424
426
427
427
430
430
433
435
435
435
436
437
438
441
446
446
447
448
448
449
451
453
454
455
456
7. MySQL
7.1.
460
460

7.2. myisampack - MySQL,

7.3. mysql
7.3.1. mysql
7.3.2. SQL-
7.3.3. mysql
7.4. MySQL- mysqladmin
7.5. mysqlbinlog
7.6. MySQL - mysqlcc
7.7. mysqlcheck
7.8. mysqldump
7.9. mysqhotcopy
7.10. mysqlimport
7.11. , mysqlshow
7.12.
7.13. replace
11
461
467
471
475
476
477
480
483
485
487
492
493
495
497
497
8. MySQL
8.1. My IS AM
8.1.1. MylSAM
8.1.2. ,
8.1.3. MylSAM
8.1.4. , MylSAM
8.2. MERGE
8.2.1. , MERGE
8.3. MEMORY (HEAP)
8.4. BDB (BerkleyDB)
8.4.1. , BDB
8.4.2. BDB
8.4.3. BDB
8.4.4. BDB
8.4.5. BDB
8.4.6. BDB
8.4.7. , BDB
8.5. ISAM
498
500
502
504
504
507
509
511
513
515
516
516
517
517
520
520
520
521
9. InnoDB
9.1. InnoDB
9.2. , InnoDB
9.3. InnoDB MySQL 3.23
9.4. InnoDB
9.5. InnoDB
9.6. InnoDB
9.6.1. , InnoDB
9.7. InnoDB
9.7.1. InnoDB API-
9.7.2. MylSAM InnoDB
9.7.3. AUTOJNCREMENT InnoDB
9.7.4. (FOREIGN KEY)
523
523
524
524
525
530
534
535
535
536
537
538
539
12
9.7.5. InnoDB MySQL

9.7.6.
9.8. InnoDB
9.9. InnoDB
9.9.1.
9.9.2.
9.10. InnoDB
9.11. InnoDB
9.11.1. InnoDB AUTOCOMMIT
9.11.2. InnoDB
(TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL)
9.11.3.
9.11.4. : SELECT... FOR UPDATE
SELECT... LOCK IN SHARE MODE
9.11.5. : " "
9.11.6. InnoDB
9.11.7. ,
SQL- InnoDB
9.11.8. MySQL

9.11.9.
9.11.10.
9.12. InnoDB
9.12.1. SHOW INNODB STATUS InnoDB
9.13.
9.14.
9.14.1.
9.14.2.
9.14.3.
9.14.4.
9.15. -
9.15.1. -
9.15.2.

9.15.3.
9.15.4.
9.16.
9.16.1. InnoDB
9.16.2.
9.17. InnoDB
9.18. InnoDB
9.18.1. InnoDB
10. MaxDB
10.1. MaxDB
10.2.
10.3. , MaxDB
10.4. MaxDB
10.5. MaxDB MySQL
543
544
546
547
548
550
550
551
551
551
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
559
561
563
568
568
569
569
570
570
571
571
572
572
573
574
574
575
577
579
580
582
582
582
583
583
583

10.6. MaxDB MySQL
10.7. MaxDB
13
584
584
. MySQL
.
.2. MySQL
.2.1.
.2.2. [] MySQL
.2.3.
.2.4.
.2.5. ''
.2.6.
.2.7.
.2.8. MySQL
.2.9.
.2.10.
.2.11.
.2.12. /
.2.13.
.2.14.
.2.15. ''
.2.16.
.2.17.
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.3.3.
.4. ,
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.4.2. , MySQL
.4.3. MySQL
.4.4. MySQL
.4.5. MySQL /tmp/mysql.sock
.4.6.
588
588
590
590
590
592
593
593
594
594
594
595
597
598
598
599
599
599
600
600
601
601
603
603
604
604
606
609
609
610
611
612
614

MySQL (http://www.mysql.com), , MySQL. , ,
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MySQL , , SQL (Structured

Query Language - ). MySQL
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21
raysql> SELECT CONCAT(first_name, ' ' , lastjiame)

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DATE DATETIME 9999 , TIMESTAMP - 2030 .
mysql> DROP TABLE IF EXISTS y2k;
Query OK, 0 rows a f f e c t e d ( 0 . 0 1 s e c )
( , 0 (0.01 ))
mysql> CREATE TABLE y2k (date DATE,
->
date_time DATETIME,
->
time_stamp TIMESTAMP) ;
mysql>
->
->
->
->
->
->
->
->
->
->
->
->
->
->
INSERT INTO y2k VALUES

('1998-12-31','1998-12-31
('1999-01-01','1999-01-01
('1999-09-09','1999-09-09
('2000-01-01','2000-01-01
('2000-02-28','2000-02-28
('2000-02-29','2000-02-29
('2000-03-01','2000-03-01
('2000-12-31','2000-12-31
('2001-01-01','2001-01-01
('2004-12-31','2004-12-31
('2005-01-01','2005-01-01
('2030-01-01','2030-01-01
('2040-01-01','2040-01-01
('9999-12-31','9999-12-31
23:59:59',19981231235959),
00:00:00',19990101000000),
23:59:59',19990909235959),
00:00:00',20000101000000),
00:00:00',20000228000000),
00:00:00',20000229000000),
00:00:00',20000301000000),
23:59:59',20001231235959),
00:00:00',20010101000000),
23:59:59',20041231235959),
00:00:00',20050101000000),
00:00:00',20300101000000),
00:00:00',20400101000000),
23:59:59',99991231235959);
26
1.
Query OK, 14 rows a f f e c t e d (0.01 sec)
Records: 14 D u p l i c a t e s : 0 Warnings: 2
(: 14 : 0 : 2)
mysql> SELECT * FROM y2k;
I date
1998- 12-31
1999-01-01
1999-09-09
2000- 01-01
2000- 02-28
2000- 02-29
2000- 03-01
2000- 12-31
2001-01-01
2004-12-31
2005-01-01
2030-01-01
2040-01-01
9999-12-31
time_stamp
d a t e time
1998- 12-31
1999- 01-01
1999- 09-09
2000- 01-01
2000- 02-28
2000- 02-29
2000- 03-01
2000- 12-31
2001- 01-01
2004- 12-31
2005- 01-01
2030- 01-01
2040- 01-01
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MySQL. , , , lists.mysql.com, , .
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Delivered-TO:.
MySQL.
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MySQL .
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mysql
MySQL. , .
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mysql-digest
mysql . ,
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bugs
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internals
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49
mysqldoc
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MySQL AB, .
mysqldoc-digest
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benchmarks
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( MySQL), , ,
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benchmarks .
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MySQL,
MySQL AB.
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1.7. MySQL
53
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54
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WHERE
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WHERE band_downloads.userid = 9
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with-extra-charsets=complex enable-thread-safe-client
enable-local-infile enable-assembler disable-shared
with-client-ldflags=-all-static with-mysqld-ldflags=-allstatic
Linux 2.4.xx Intel Itanium 2 (Intel C++ Itanium Compiler 7.0):
CC=ecc CFLAGS="-02 -tpp2 -ip -nolib_inline" CXX=ecc CXXFLAGS=
"-02 -tpp2 -ip -nolib_inline" ./configure prefix=/usr/local/mysql
enable-local-infile
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enable-local-infile
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with-extracharsets=complex enable-thread-safe-client
enable-local-infile withmysqld-ldflags=-non_shared
with-client-ldflags=-non_shared disable-shared
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with-extra-charsets=complex enable-threadsafe-client
enable-local-infile disable-shared with-embedded-server
with-innodb
86
2. MySQL
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CFLAGS=n-O2" CXX=gcc CXXFLAGS="-O2 -felide-constructors" ./configure
prefix=/usr/local/mysql with-extra-charsets=complex
enable-thread-safe-client enable-local-infile disable-shared
with-client-ldflags=-all-static
with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static
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CXX=gcc ./configure prefix=/usr/local/mysql with-extra-charsets=
complex enable-thread-safe-client enable-local-infile disable-shared
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CC=gcc CFLAGS="-O3 -fno-omit-frame-pointer" CXX=gcc CXXFLAGS="-O3
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/usr/local/mysql/data libexecdir=/usr/local/mysql/bin
with-extra-charsets=complex enablethread-safe-client
enable-local-infile disable-shared with-innodb
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enable-thread-safeclient enable-local-infile enable-assembler
with-named-z-libs=no withnamed-curses-libs=-lcurses disable-shared
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CC=gcc CFLAGS="-O3 -m64 -fno-omit-frame-pointer" CXX=gcc CXXFLAGS="-O3
-m64 -fno-omit-frame-pointer -felide-constructors -fno-exceptions
- f n o - r t t i " ./configure prefix=/usr/local/mysql with-extra-charsets=
complex enable-threadsafe-client enable-local-infile
with-named-z-libs=no with-named-curseslibs=-lcurses disable-shared
Sun Solaris 9 SPARC gcc 2.95.3:
COgcc CFLAGS="-O3 -fno-omit-frame-pointer" CXX=gcc CXXFLAGS="-O3
with-named-curses-libs=-lcurses disable-shared
Sun Solaris 9 SPARC -5.0 (Sun Forte 5.0):
CC=cc-5.0 CXX=CC ASFLAGS="-xarch=v9" CFLAGS="-Xa -xstrconst -mt
-D_FORTEC_ -xarch=v9" CXXFLAGS="-noex -mt -D_FORTEC_ -xarch=v9"
with-named-z-libs=noenable-thread-safe-client disable-shared
IBM AIX 4.3.2 ppc gcc 3.2.3:
CFLAGS="-O2 -mcpu=powerpc -Wa,-many " CXX=gcc CXXFLAGS="-O2 -mcpu=
powerpc -Wa,-many -felide-constructors -fno-exceptions - f n o - r t t i "
enable-thread-safeclient enable-local-infile with-named-z-libs=
no disable-shared
2.1.
87
IBM AIX 4.3.3 xlC_r (IBM Visual Age C/C++ 6.0):

CC=xlc_r CFLAGS="-ma -02 -qstrict -qoptimize=2 -qmaxmem=8192" CXX=xlC_r
CXXFLAGS ="-ma -02 -qstrict -qoptimize=2 -maxmem=8192" ./configure
prefix=/usr/local/mysql localstatedir=/usr/local/mysql/data
libexecdir=/usr/local/mysql/bin with-extra-charsets=complex
enablethread-safe-client enable-local-infile with-named-z-libs=
no -disableshared with-innodb
I B M A I X 5.1.0 gcc 3.3:
CFLAGS="-02 -mcpu=powerpc -Wa,-many" CXX=gcc CXXFLAGS="-02 -mcpu=
powerpc -Wa, -many -felide-constructors -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti"
enable-thread-safeelient enable-local-infile with-named-z-libs=
no disable-shared
I B M A I X 5.2.0 x l C r (IBM Visual Age C/C++ 6.0):
CC=xlc_r CFLAGS="-ma -02 -qstrict -qoptimize=2 -qmaxmem=8192" CXX=xlC_r
CXXFLAGS="-ma -02 -qstrict -qoptimize=2 -qmaxmem=8192" ./configure
enablethread-safe-client enable-local-infile with-named-z-libs=
no -disableshared with-embedded-server with-innodb
H P - U X 10.20 pa-riscl.l gcc 3.1:
CFLAGS="-DHPUX -I/opt/dce/include -03 -fPIC" CXX=gcc CXXFLAGS=
"-DHPUX -I/opt/dce /include -felide-constructors -fno-exceptions
-fno-rtti -03 -fPIC" ./configure prefix=/usr/local/mysql
with-extra-charsets=complex enablethread-safe-client
enable-local-infile with-pthread with-named-threadlibs=
-Idee with-lib-ccflags=-fPIC disable-shared
H P - U X 11.00 pa-risc aCC (HP ANSI C + + B3910B A.03.50):
CC=cc CXX=aCC CFLAGS=+DAportable CXXFLAGS=+DAportable ./configure
enablethread-safe-client enable-local-infile disable-shared
with-embeddedserver with-innodb
H P - U X 11.11 pa-risc2.0 64bit aCC (HP A N S I C + + B3910B A.03.33):
CC=cc CXX=aCC CFLAGS=+DD64 CXXFLAGS=+DD64 ./configure
enable-thread-safe-client enable-local-infile disable-shared
H P - U X 11.11 pa-risc2.0 32bit aCC (HP ANSI C + + B3910B A.03.33):
CC=cc CXX=aCC CFLAGS="+DAportable" CXXFLAGS=ll+DAportable" ./configure
enable-threadsafe- client enable-local-infile disable-shared
with-innodb
H P - U X 11.22 ia64 64bit aCC (HP aC++/ANSI 3910 A.05.50):
88
2. MySQL
= = CFLAGS="+DD64 +DSitanium2" CXXFLAGS="+DD64 +DSitanium2"
./configure prefix=/usr/local/mysql localstatedir=/usr/local/mysql/data
--enablethread-safe-client enable-local-infile disable-shared
with-embeddedserver with-innodb
Apple Mac OS X 10.2 powerpc gcc 3.1:
enable-thread-safeclient enable-local-infile disable-shared
FreeBSD 4.7 i386 gcc 2.95.4:
CFLAGS=-DHAVE_BROKEN_REALPATH ./configure prefix=/usr/local/mysql
withextra-charsets=complex enable-thread-safe-client
enable-local-infile enable-assembler with-named-z-libs=not-used
disable-shared
FreeBSD 4.7 i386 using LinuxThreads gcc 2.95.4:
CFLAGS="-DHAVE_BROKEN_REALPATH -D_USE_UNIX98 -D_REENTRANT -D_THREAD_SAFE
- I / u s r / l o c a l / i n c l u d e / p t h r e a d / l i n u x t h r e a d s " CXXFLAGS=
M
-DHAVE_BROKEN_REALPATH -D
USEJJNIX98 -D_REENTRANT -D_THREAD_SAFE
-I/usr/local/include/pthread/linuxthreads" ./configure prefix=

/usr/local/mysql localstatedir=/usr/local/mysql/data libexecdir=
/usr/local/mysql/bin enablethread-safe-client enable-local-infile
enable-assembler with-namedthread-libs=
M
-DHAVE_GLIBC2_STYLE_GETHOSTBYNAME_R
-D_THREAD_SAFE - I
/usr/local/include/pthread/linuxthreads -L/usr/local/lib -11thread

-llgcc_r" disable-shared with-embedded-server with-innodb
QNX Neutrino 6.2.1 i386 gcc 2.95.3qnx-nto 20010315:
, . MySQL AB , , .
SCO Unix 3.2v5.0.6 i386 gcc 2.95.3:

CFLAGS="-O3 -mpentium" LDFLAGS=-static CXX=gcc CXXFLAGS="-O3 -mpentium
-felideconstructors" ./configure prefix=/usr/local/mysql
enable-local-infile with-named-z-libs=no enable-thread-safe-client
disable-shared
SCO OpenUnix 8.0.0 i386 3.2:

CC=cc CFLAGS="-O" CXX=CC ./configure prefix=/usr/local/mysql
enable-local-infile withnamed-z-libs=no enable-thread-safe-client
disable-shared
2.1.
89
Compaq Tru64 OSF/1 V5.1 732 alpha / (Compaq V6.3-029i /

DIGITAL C++V6.1-027):
CC="cc -pthread" CFLAGS="-04 -ansi_alias -ansi_args -fast -inline speed
-speculate a l l " CXX="cxx -pthread" CXXFLAGS="-O4 -ansi_alias -fast
-inline speed -speculate a l l -noexceptions -nortti" ./configure
enable-thread-safe-client enable-local-infile with-prefix=
/usr/local/mysql with-named-thread-libs="-lpthread -lmach -lexc - l c "
disable-shared with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static
SGI Irix 6.5 IP32 gcc 3.0.1:
CC=gcc CFLAGS="-O3 -fno-omit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-O3
-fno-omit-framepointer -felide-constructors -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti"
FreeBSD/sparc64 5.0 gcc 3.2.1:
CFLAGS=-DHAVEJ3ROKEN_REALPATH ./configure prefix=/usr/local/mysql
localstatedir=/usr/local/mysql/data libexecdir=/usr/local/mysql/bin
enable-local-infile -disableshared with-innodb
MySQL AB
. ,
, .
Linux 2.2. SPARC egcs 1.1.2:
CC=gcc CFLAGS="-03 -fno-omit-frame-pointer" CXX=gcc CXXFLAGS="-O3
-fno-omitframe-pointer -felide-constructors -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti"
disable-shared
Linux 2.2.x with x686 gcc 2.95.2:
CFLAGS="-03 -mpentiumpro" CXX=gcc CXXFLAGS="-03 -mpentiumpro
-felideconstructors -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti" ./configure
prefix=/usr/local/mysql enable-assembler with-mysqld-ldflags=
- a l l - s t a t i c disable-shared withextra-charsets=complex
SunOS 4.1.4 2 sun4c gcc 2.7.2.1 :
CC=gcc CXX=gcc CXXFLAGS="-03 -felide-constructors" ./configure prefix=
/usr/local/mysql disable-shared with-extra-charsets=complex
enable-assembler
SunOS 5.5.1 ( ) sun4u egcs 1.0.3
2.90.27, gcc 2.95.2 :
CC=gcc CFLAGS="-03" CXX=gcc CXXFLAGS="-O3 -felide-constructors
-fno-exceptions -fno-rtti" ./configure prefix=/usr/local/mysql
with-low-memory withextra-charsets=complex enable-assembler
SunOS 5.6 i86pc gcc 2.8.1:
90
2. MySQL
CC=gcc CXX=gcc CXXFLAGS=-O3 ./configure prefix=/usr/local/mysql
with-lowmemory with-extra-charsets=complex
BSDI BSD/OS 3.1 i386 gcc 2.7.2.1:
CC=gcc CXX=gcc CXXFLAGS=-0 ./configure ~prefix=/usr/local/mysql
with-extracharsets=complex
BSDI BSD/OS 2.1 i386 gcc 2.7.2:
AIX 2 4 c gcc 2.7.2.2:
, , MySQL
internals (. 1.7.1.1).
RPM MySQL 3.22 . MySQL 3.22, RPM
MySQL AB.
MySQL, --with-debug
with-debug=full
-fomit-frame-pointer.
2.1.3. MySQL
,
MySQL http://www.mysql.com/.
h t t p : //mirrors. sunsite.dk/mysql/.
, MySQL,
http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mirrors.html. , MySQL .
2.1.4.
MD5 GnuPG
MySQL , .
MySQL AB :
MD5.
GnuPG (GNU Privacy Guard).
RPM-.
.
, MD5 GPG- , , , . -
2.1.
91
,
webmaster@mysql.com build@mysql.com,
, . .
2.1.4.1. MD5
, MySQL , , MD5 , .
, ( _ - ):
shell> md5sum _
:
shell> md5sum mysql-standard-4.0.17-pc-linux-i686.tar.gz
60f5fe969d61c8f82e4f7f62657elf06
mysql-standard-4.0.17-pc-linux-i686.tar.gz
, ( ) .
, md5sum. md5, . Linux GNU Text Utilities, . http://www.gnu.org/software/textutils. OpenSSL, openssl md5
_. md5 DOS/Windows
http://www.fourmilab.ch/md5.
2.1.4.2. GnuPG
. , MD5, , , .
MySQL 4.0.10 ( 2003 ) MySQL AB GnuPG (GNU Privacy Guard). GnuPG - , Pretty
Good Privacy (PGP) (Phil Zimmermann). GnuPG, , ,
http://www.gnupg.org. Linux GnuPG,
. OpenPGP
http://www.openpgp.org.
GPG MySQL AB. http: //www. keyserver.net.
, , build@mysql.com. :
Key ID:
pub
1024D/5072E1F5 2003-02-03
MySQL Package signing key (www.mysql.com) <build@mysql.com>
Fingerprint: A4A9 4068 76FC BD3C 4567 70C8 8C71 8D3B 5072 E1F5
Public Key (ASCII-armored):
92
2. MySQL
BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK
Version: GnuPG vl.0.6 (GNU/Linux)
Comment: For info see http://www.gnupg.org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=YJkx
END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK
GPG
gpg --import.
, mysqljpubkey.asc, :
shell> gpg import mysqljpubkey.asc
GPG , .

MySQL , .
, , .asc.
:
Distribution file
mysql-standard-4.0.17-pc-linux-i686. t a r . gz
Signature
file
mysql-standard-4.0.17-pc-linux-i686.tar.gz.asc
, , :
shell> gpg verify _.as
:
shell> gpg verify mysql-standard-4.0.17-pc-linux-i686.tar.gz.asc
gpg: Warning: using insecure memory!
2.1.
93
gpg: S i g n a t u r e made Mon 03 Feb 2003 08:50:39 PM MET

u s i n g DSA key ID 5072E1F5
gpg: Good s i g n a t u r e from
"MySQL Package s i g n i n g key (www.mysql.com) <build@mysql.com>"
"Good signature..." , .
" u s i n g i n s e c u r e memory" (" ") .
2.1.4.3. RPM
RPM .
GPG MD5. :
s h e l l > rpm checksig ^.rpm
:
s h e l l > rpm checksig MySQL-server-4.0.10-0.i386.rpm
MySQL-server-4.0.10-0.i386.rpm: md5 gpg OK
!
RPM 4.1, : "(GPG) NOT OK (MISSING KEYS:
GPG#5072e1f5)"f MySQL GPG, RPM. , RPM 4.1 GPG ( GPG).
, ,
GPG - , .
MySQL RPM, ,
. rpm import . , mysql_pubkey. as , :
s h e l l > rpm import mysql_pubkey.asc
2.1.5.
,
,
MySQL AB. , ,
.
Windows C:\raysql,
:
bin
mysqld.
data
Docs
examples
include
lib
scripts
share
94
2. MySQL
, RPM- Linux,
:
/usr/bin
/usr/sbin
mysqld.
/var/lib/mysql
/usr/ share/doc/packages
include/usr/include/mysql
lib/usr/lib/mysql
/usr/share/mysql
sql-bench/usr/share/sql-bench
Unix t a r ( /usr/ l o c a l /mysql).

:
bin
mysqld.
data
docs
include
lib
scripts
mysql_install_db.
share/mysql
sql-bench

.
/usr/local:
bin
include /mysql
info
lib/mysql
libexec
share /mysql
sql-bench
var
Info-.
.
mysqld.
.
.
.
mysqld l i b e x e c bin.
- v a r data.
m y s q l _ i n s t a l l _ d b b i n s c r i p t s .
- , i n c l u d e /mysql
lib/mysql include lib.
2.2. MySQL
95
scripts/make_binary_distribution,
.
2.2. MySQL

MySQL ,
(,
" "). . 2.2.5 , .
2.1 ,
.

MySQL Windows :
1. .
2. , .
3. , .
4. .
5. MySQL.
MySQL Windows :
, ,
, .
, , VC++ 6.0.
, . ,
,
MySQL.
, MySQL Windows . 2.3.6.
2.2.1.1. Windows
MySQL Windows :
32- Windows, 9, Me, NT, 2000 .
NT (Windows NT, 2000 ) MySQL
(. 2.2.1.7).
TCP/IP.
Windows,
http://dev.mysql.com/downloads (. 2.1.3).
1
Jf FTP FTP-,
'v. , .
96
2. MySQL
WinZip Windows-, .zip, .
, , .
MySQL ODBC, MyODBC.
4 , MySQL NTFS .
MAXROWS AVGROWLENGTH.
2.2.1.2. Windows
MySQL Windows :
1. Windows NT, 2000 ,
, .
2. MySQL,
MySQL. Windows NT, 2000
, Windows, :
:\> NET STOP MySQL
(, mysqld-max
mysqld), :
:\> C:\mysql\bin\mysqld remove
, . MySQL ,
:
:\> C:\raysql\bin\mysqladmin -u root shutdown
3. WinMySQLAdmin, .
4. .
5. setup.exe, .
MySQL , (C:\mysql),
Browse () . MySQL , . - , 2.2.1.3.
6. .
!
- MySQL 4.1 Windows . 4.1 - Zip-, ,
MySQL. , m y s q l - 4 . 1 . 1 alpha-win.zip C:\mysql, :, mysql-4.1.1-alpha mysql.
2.2. MySQL
97
MySQL 4.1,
data,
. 4.1
, , data - .
: \raysql . MySQL 4.1, , data
data. . (. 2.5.8).
2.2.1.3. MySQL- Windows

- ,
. , , ,
MySQL. , :

(: \mysql : \mysql\data).
. , innoDB MySQL 3.23, , 9.4. ( MySQL 4.0,
InnoDB data.
, InnoDB .
, - ,
.)
Windows MySQL , MySQL. , . , MySQL C:\mysql,
- : \mysql\data. , ,
: \raydata, :
: \mysql\data : \mydata.
datadir
.
Windows MySQL :
my. ini Windows : \my. cnf. Windows : \WINDOWS
: \WinNT. WINDIR; :
:\> echo %WINDIR%
MySQL my.ini, my.cnf.
. (boot loader), : , - my. ini.
, .
Notepad (). , MySQL
98
2. MySQL
E:\mysql, E:\mydata\data,
[mysqld] basedir datadir:
[mysqld]
# set basedir to your i n s t a l l a t i o n path
# basedir
basedir=E:/mysql
# set datadir to the location of your data directory
# datadir
datadir=E:/raydata/data
, Windows ( ) ( ).
, .

WinMySQLAdmin. bin MySQL,
.
WinMySQLAdmin ,
:
WinMySQLAdmin my. ini.
WinMySQLAdmin C:\my.cnf,
:\my_cnf .bak, .
.
2.2.1.4. Windows
MySQL 3.23.38, Windows
, MySQL-Max.
MySQL, , .

mysqld
,
, InnoDB BDB.
mysqld-opt
. 4.0,
InnoDB. 4.0
.
Windows NT, 2000 .
InnoDB BDB.
mysqld-nt
mysqld-max
mysqld-max-nt
To , mysqld-max, .
Intel,
Intel i386 .
MySQL TCP/IP Windows-, mysqld-nt
mysqld-max-nt Windows NT,
Windows 2000 Windows . , , -
2.2. MySQL
99
TCP/IP. ( Windows , TCP/IP.) :

MySQL 3.23.50, ,
enabled-named-pipe. , , .
mysqld-nt
mysqld-max-nt, Windows, (NT, 2000, ).
Windows 98 Windows Me, TCP/IP. .
Windows 95 .
% !
?
|?
&
il
t;
1\

mysqld. , mysqld-opt, , . pa , , mysqld
, , ,
, Windows.
2.2.1.5.
Windows 95, 98 Me MySQL
TCP/IP. ( MySQL .) MySQL , TCP/IP. TCP/IP
- Windows.
, Windows 95 (,
OSR2), , Winsock. MySQL
Winsock 2. Winsock
http://www.microsoft.com. Windows 98 Winsock 2, .
NT- , Windows NT, 2000 , TCP/IP (,
).
2.2.1.4.
MySQL.
Windows.
, MySQL
, C:\mysql. MySQL , , .
( " DOS").
. - , .
102
2. MySQL
MySQL TCP/IP Windows NT,

Service Pack 3 ( ).
MySQL Windows , . :
:\> C:\mysql\bin\mysqladmin -u root shutdown
mysqladmin, . root -
MySQL. , MySQL
, Windows.
:
:\> mysqld --install
mysqld
, :
:\> C:\mysq\bin\mysqld install
MySQL 4.0.2 i n s t a l l .
MySQL 4.0.3 defaults-file,
, . , , .
, , MySQL,
[mysqld] .
i n s t a l l , [mysqld] ,
.
defaults-file , [mysqld]
.
? !
%
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||
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MySQL 4.0.17 , Windows,

, . MySQL : \Program F i l e s ,
.
, i n s t a l l ,
, MySQL.
:
:\> :\mysql\bin\mysqld install mysqldefaults-file=C:\my-opts.cnf
- - i n s t a l l .
defaults-file, [mysql] ( ,
). , defaults-file ,
, [mysqld].
Start parameters ( ) Windows Services.
2.2. MySQL
103
, MySQL ,
Windows.
Services NET START MySQL. NET .
MySQL ,
, . mysqld ,
. : \mysql\data .err.
mysqld ,
Services, NET STOP MySQL mysqladmin shutdown. Windows , .
MySQL 3.23.44, Manual,
, MySQL . - - i n s t a l l install-manual:
:\> :\mysql\bin\mysqld install-manual
, , .
--remove :
:\> :\mysql\bin\mysqld remove
MySQL 3.23.49 , : Windows ,
, , . (,
InnoDB ). MySQL 3.23.49, Windows MySQL . , ,
MySQL .
mysqladmin shutdown.

Windows 2000 . Windows NT,
20 , . ,
\winnt\system32\regedt32.exe
WaitToKillServiceTimeout HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control
. (, 120000 120- ).
mysqld ,
. 2.2.1.6.
2.2.1.8. MySQL Windows
, MySQL :
:\> :\mysql\bin\mysqlshow
:\> C:\mysql\bin\mysqlshow -u root mysql
:\> C:\mysql\bin\mysqladmin version status proc
C:\> C:\mysql\bin\mysql test
2. MySQL
104
mysqld TCP/IP-
Windows 9x/Me, , (DNS).
mysqld skip-name-resolve
localhost IP- Host MySQL.
MySQL TCP/IP, pipe (.) .
socket . MySQL 4.1 ptorocol=PIPE.
MySQL:
mysql
Windows,
.
gnus GNU , readline.
mysql
mysql ,
cygwinbl9.dll, , mysqlc . MySQL , mysqlc
( bin MySQL). cygwinbl9.dll bin, l i b
Windows (\Windows\System ).
2.2.1.9. MySQL Windows MySQL Unix

MySQL Windows .
MySQL Windows ,
Unix, :
Windows 95 . Windows 95 200
. MySQL ,
mysqld
Windows 95, !
Windows .
. Windows 4000 ,
, , ,
, . ,
, , -
. MySQL , , . , , ; , MySQL, .
. MySQL pread() pwriteO,
INSERT SELECT. (mutexes) pread()/pwrite (). - , readfile()/writefile
Windows NT, 2000 . -
2.2. MySQL
105
MySQL 1024, ,
NT, 2000 ,
Unix.
. MySQL , ,
:
, Unix- MySQL.
"", MySQL.
mysqladmin k i l l .
mysqladmin
.
shutdown , -
, Windows- " ".
ALTER TABLE. ALTER TABLE,

. , Windows
, . ,
, .
DROP TABLE. DROP TABLE , MERGE,

Windows, MERGE
MySQL. Windows ,
MERGE ( FLUSH TABLE),
MERGE DROP TABLE.
.
DATA DIRECTORY INDEX DIRECTORY. DATA DIRECTORY INDEX DIRECTORY

CREATE TABLE Windows- MySQL ,
Windows . , r e a l p a t h ().
DROP DATABASE. , -
.
MySQL (Task Manager).

MySQL shutdown Windows 95.
mysqladmin shutdown.
, . Windows
, MySQL
Windows . ,
SQL-.
'V . Windows 95
' \ \ MySQL .
LOAD DATA INFILE SELECT.. .INTO OUTFILE,
V Unix, :
mysql> LOAD DATA INFILE 'Ci/tmp/skr.txt' INTO TABLE skr;
mysql> SELECT * INTO OUTFILE 'Cr/tmp/skr.txt f FROM skr;
106
2. MySQL
'V:
mysql> LOAD DATA INFILE ':\\tmp\\skr.txt' INTO TABLE skr;
mysql> SELECT * INTO OUTFILE 'C:\\tmp\\skr.txt' FROM skr;
.
Windows. AZ/CHAR(24), Windows
. ,
:
:\> mysqlbinlog __ | mysql user=root
, ,
AZ/CHAR(24), :
:\> mysqlbinlog __ result-file=/tmp/bin.sql
:\> mysql user=root execute "source /tmp/bin.sql"

SQL-, .
'Can't open named pipe9 (' 9).
MySQL 3.23 Windows NT MySQL, :
error 2017: can't open named pipe to host: . pipe...
2017: : . ...
, MySQL Windows
NT . , host=localhost MySQL-, : \my. cnf, :
[client]
host = localhost
MySQL 3.23.50,
, mysqld-nt mysql-max-nt enabled-named-pipe.
'Access denied for user 9 (' 9).
MySQL, , , ,
: 'Access denied for user 'some-user@unknown' to database 'mysql'',
, MySQL .
, \windows\hosts,
:
127.0.0.1
localhost
,
MySQL Windows:
- MySQL.
mysqld
Windows 95. mysqladmin shutdown.
2.2. MySQL
107
readline Windows,
mysql.
MySQL (mysql,
mysqldhow, mysqladmin mysqldump).
, net. . Windows
mysqladmin k i l l .

/, Windows.
2.2.2. MySQL Linux

MySQL Linux RPM. MySQL RPM- Linux SuSE 7.3, Linux, rpm glibc. , RPM-, 2.1.3.
!
if*
|f
%
fj|
MySQL RPM- .
, , MySQL AB,
.
.
RPM- (, "Sorry, the host 'xxxx' could not be looked up" (", '' ")), 2.6.1.2.
MySQL
- MySQL-server MySQL-client. . MySQL-Max,
, RPM MySQL-Max (. 4.1.2).
MySQL 4.0 , (, "error: removing these packages would break
dependencies: libmysqlclient.so.10 is needed by . . . " (": : libmysqlclient.so.10 ...")), MySQL-shared-compat,

(libmysqlclient. so. 12 MySQL 4.0 libmysqlclient. so. 10 MySQL 3.23).
Linux MySQL 3.23,
, .
(, MySQLshared), MySQL ( ).
, MySQL (, Red Hat Linux),
3.23 MySQL-shared,
MySQL-shared-compat.
108
2. MySQL
RPM-:
MySQL-server-.386.rpm
MySQL. , MySQL, . , RPM- 4.0.10 MySQL. i386. rpm, -server.
MySQL-Max-. 386. rpm
MySQL-Max. , RPM- MySQL-server. RPM MySQL-serve , RPM- MySQL-serve r .
MySQL-client-.386.rpm
MySQL. , .
MySQL-bench-.386.rpm
. Perl
DBD::mysql.
MySQL-devel-.386.rpm
,
MySQL-, Perl.
MySQL-shared-.386.rpm
(libmysqlclient.so*),

MySQL.
MySQL-shared-compat-.386.rpm
( )
MySQL 3.23, MySQL 4.O. MySQL-shared.
MySQL-embedded-.386. rpm
MySQL ( MySQL 4.0).
MySQL-.src.rpm
.
RPM-,
(, Alpha SPARC).
RPM- (, MySQL-server)
:
shell> rpm -qpl MySQL-server-BPCM.i386.rpm
:
shell> rpm - i MySQL-server-.i386.rpm
shell> rpm - i MySQL-client-BPOlff.i386.rpm
, :
shell> rpm - i MySQL-client-BPO^.i386.rpm
2.2. MySQL
109
RPM
.
2.1.4.
RPM /var/lib/mysql. , mysql (
), MySQL,
/ e t c / i n i t . d
. ( ,
- , , RPM). 2.4.3 , MySQL
.
RPM- MySQL Linux, / e t c / i n i t . d
( ), , . , /etc/rc.d/init.d,
RPM
/ e t c / i n i t . d , :
shell> cd /etc
shell> In -s r c . d / i n i t . d .
Linux , /etc/init.d, LSB (Linux Standard Base).
RPM-, , MySQL-server, mysqld . MySQL.
- ,
, (. 2.2.5).
;
1;' , MySQL,
h . ,
\/ 2.4.
2.2.3. MySQL Mac OS X

MySQL 4.0.11, MySQL Mac OS
X ("Jaguar"), Mac OS X PKG
tar. , Max OS (,
10.1.x) .
(.dmg),
Finder. .
MySQL 2.1.3.
2. MySQL
110
!
, , MySQL . MySQL Manager Application ( Mac OS X

Server), mysqladmin shutdown .
MySQL PKG,
. Mac OS X Package Installer,
MySQL.
- Mac OS X :
You cannot install this software on this disk, (null)
, (null)
, Go Back ()
, . Continue (), .
. Apple,
.
Mac OS X PKG MySQL /usr/local/mysql /usr/local/mysql, . /usr/local/mysql ,
/usr/local/mysql.bak.
mysql,
mysql_install_db.
,
tar, - MySQL
/usr/local/mysql/bin. MySQL
/tmp/mysql. sock. . 2.1.5.
MySQL Mac OS X
mysql. Mac OS X 10.2 .
Mac OS X Server, , , MySQL
. MySQL, Mac OS X
Server, :
Mac OS X Server
MySQL
10.2-10.2.2
10.2.3-10.2.6
10.3
10.3.2
3.23.51
3.23.53
4.0.14
4.0.16

MySQL Mac OS X PKG. Apple
MySQL: "Help View", "Mac OS X Server", "MySQL" , "Installing MySQL".
MySQL Mac OS X Server , mysqld safejnysqld,
mysqldsaf , MySQL 4.0.
2.2. MySQL
111
MySQL Mac OS X (Marc

Liyanage) (http://www.entropy.ch),
, h t t p : //www. entropy. ch.
3.23.x MySQL Mac OS X
MySQL, Mac OS X Server, MySQL PKG,
MySQL , (. 2.5.8).
, MySQL , MySQL Startup Item. MySQL
4.0.15, . MySQLStartupItem.pkg,
.
, Startup Item ! MySQL.
Startup Item /Library/StartupItems/MySQLCOM.
( MySQL 4.1.2 /Library/StartupItems/MySQL,
MySQL Startup Item, Mac OS X Server.)
Startup Item MYSQLCOM=-YES-
/etc/hostconfig.
MySQL, MYSQLCOM=-NO-.
Mac OS X Server MySQL
MYSQL /etc/hostconfig. Startup Item MySQL AB , MYSQL=-NO-.
MYSQLCOM, Startup Item MySQL AB.
MySQL, .
.
MySQL MySQL, . .
Startup Item:
shell> sudo /Library/StartupItems/MySQL/MySQL s t a r t
(Enter your password, if necessary)
(Press Control-D or enter "exit" to exit the shell)
( )
( Control-D "exit" )
Startup Item , :
shell> cd /usr/local/mysql
shell> sudo ./bin/mysqld_safe
(Enter your password, if necessary)
(Press Control-Z)
( )
( Control-Z)
shell> bg
(Press Control-D or enter "exit" to exit the shell)
( Control-D "exit" )

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld.
, ,
112
2. MySQL
|1 !
, MySQL,
f . ,
2.4.
, ,
mysql mysqladmin. tcsh:
alias mysql /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql
alias mysqladmin /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin
bash:
alias
alias
mysql=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql
mysqladmirWusr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin
, /usr/local/mysql/bin PATH. , $HOME/.tcshrc, tcsh:

setenv PATH ${PATH}:/usr/local/mysql/bin
.tcshrc , .
, ,
MySQL PKG . , MacOS X , .
MySQL ,
. , , , . , . Package Receipt, /Library/Receipts/mysql-..
2.2.4. MySQL NetWare

MySQL NetWare Novell. Novell NetWare 6.5 MySQL
,
NetWare.
4.0.11, MySQL Novell Netware
. MySQL NetWare Metrowerks
CodeWarrior for NetWare - GNU autotools.
NetWare http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/
(. 2.1.3).
MySQL NetWare :
NetWare 6.5 NetWare 6.0
(Support Pack) 3. :
http://support.novell.com/filefinder/13659/index.html
2.2. MySQL
113
Novell NetWare.
MySQL, ,
NSS; .
MySQL NetWare :
1. , MySQL. :
SERVER: mysqladmin -u root shutdown
2. ,
MySQL.
3. Zip- .
Zip-. SYS: \.
(, SYS:MYSQL\DATA), my.cnf, . MySQL.
4. , ,
. SYS:MYSQL. .
5. ,
NLM- MySQL, :
SERVER: SEARCH ADD SYS:MYSQL\BIN
6. , , mysqld_install_db .
7. MySQL m y s q l s a f e .
8.
autoexec.ncf. , MySQL
SYS:MYSQL ,
, :
# S t a r t s t h e MySQL 4 . 0 . x database server
#3 MySQL 4 . 0 . x
SEARCH ADD SYS:MYSQL\BIN
MYSQLD_SAFE
MySQL NetWare 6.0, s k i p - e x t e r n a l - l o c k i n g :
# S t a r t s t h e MySQL 4 . 0 . x database server
#3 MySQL 4 . 0 . x
MYSQLD_SAFE - - s k i p - e x t e r n a l - l o c k i n g
, CHECK TABLE REPAIR TABLE myisamchk, myisamchk . ,
NetWare 6.0 , NetWare 6.5.
114
2. MySQL
mysqldsaf e NetWare . () NLM- mysqld_safe, .
:
*<NLM has terminated; Press any key to close the screen>*
*<NLM ;
>*
, NetWare , autoclose, :
# S t a r t s t h e MySQL 4 . 0 . x d a t a b a s e s e r v e r
#3 MySQL 4 . 0 . x
MYSQLD_SAFE a u t o c l o s e
mysqld_safe NetWare 4.1.3.

MySQL,
MySQL autoexec.ncf .
|
;>
, MySQL,
. ,
2.4.
2.2.5. MySQL Unix-
MySQL,
, t a r ( .tar.gz).
2.1.2.5.
MySQL 2.1.3.
MySQL t a r mysql-.tar.gz, - (, 4.0.17),
, (, pc-linuxgnu-i586).
,
, . 2.2 , .
t a r :
GNU gun zip .
t a r . , , GNU tar. tar, , . , t a r Mac OS X Sun . Mac OS X
gnutar.
t a r GNU t a r .
, mysqlbug
MySQL. ,
2.2. MySQL
115
mysqlbug , .
mysqlbug, . mysqlbug
bin . . 1.7.1.3.
, MySQL, , :
shell> groupadd mysql
shell> useradd -g mysql mysql
shell> cd /usr/local
shell> gunzip < ///mysql--.tar.gz | tar xvf shell> In -s ---1--0 mysql
shell> cd mysql
shell> scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
shell> chown -R root .
shell> chown -R mysql data
shell> chgrp -R mysql .
shell> bin/mysqld_safe user=mysql &
MySQL, 4.0,
bin/mysqld_saf bin/safe_mysqld.
!
MySQL.
, 2.4.
.
1. mysqld:
mysql mysql.
groupadd useradd Unix.
adduser addgroup.
- mysql. ,
.
2. , . /usr/local. (,
/usr/local.
, root.)
shell> cd /usr/local
3. , 2.1.3.
MySQL.
4. , . :
shell> gunzip < ///mysql--.tar.gz | tar xvf shell> In -s noMHbiu-nyTb-K-mysql-BEPCM-OC mysql
116
2. MySQL
t a r mysql--. In . - /usr/local/mysql.
GNU tar
gun zip. :
shell> tar zxvf ///mysql--.tar.gz
5. :
s h e l l > cd mysql
.
bin scripts:
bin. .
PATH,
MySQL (. ).
scripts. mysql_install_db,
, .
6. MySQL ,
:
shell> scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
root,
--user, . , .
, user .
, MySQL,
3.22.10, mysql_install_db . . .
7. root, , mysqld. , (/usr/local/mysql),
:
root.
mysql.
mysql.
8. , MySQL , support-files/mysql. server , .
support-files/mysql. server, 2.4.3.
2.3. MySQL
117
9. Perl- DBI DBD: :mysql, bin/mysql_setpermission. 2.7.

10. mysqlaccess, MySQL , ,
mysqlaccess mysql. bin/mysqlaccess
18- . , :
$MYSQL = Vusr/local/bin/mysql 1 ;
# path to mysql executable

# mysql
, mysql .
, mysqlaccess
Broken pipe ( ).
, , .
MySQL :
MySQL, 4.0, bin/mysqld_safe
bin/safe_mysqld.
mysqld_safe 4.1.3.
|! !
^ , MySQL,
. ,
|< 2.4.
2.3. MySQL
, , .
, ,
.
, 2.1.3.
MySQL tar-
mysql-, t a r . gz, - , , 5.0.0-alpha.
MySQL :
GNU gun zip .
t a r . , , GNU tar. tar, , . , t a r Mac OS X Sun . Mac OS X
gnutar. t a r GNU tar.
118
2. MySQL
ANSI C++. , ,
, : 2.95.2 , egcs
1.0.2 , egcs 2.91.66, SGI C++ SunPro C++. libg++
. 2.11.x ,
C++, ,
sql/sql_base.cc. 2.77.x, , MySQL, gcc
2.8.1 ,
, ^ - .
2.95.2 MySQL
3.23.x.
make. GNU make , . GNU make
3.75 .
, fno-exceptions, , .
, .
felide-constructors f n o - r t t i
fno-exceptions. , :
CFLAGS="-O3" CXX=gcc CXXFLAGS="-O3 -felide-constructors \
fno-exceptions -fno-rtti" ./configure \
prefix=/usr/local/mysql enable-assembler \

.
, mysqlbug
MySQL. ,
mysqlbug , .
mysqlbug, . mysqlbug
bin . . 1.7.1.3.
2.3.1.
, :
shell> gunzip < mysql-.tar.gz | tar -xvf shell> cd mysql-
shell> ./configure prefix=/usr/local/mysql
shell> make
shell> make install
shell> cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
shell> bin/mysql_install_db user=mysql
2.3. MySQL
shell>
shell>
shell>
shell>
119
chown -R root .
chown -R mysql var
chgrp -R mysql .
bin/mysqld_safe user=mysql &
MySQL, 4.0,
bin/mysqld_safe bin/safe_mysqld.
RPM, :
s h e l l > rpm --rebuild c l e a n MySQL-.src.rpm
RPM-,
.
% !
; MySQL.
, 2.4.
:
1. mysqld:
mysql mysql.
groupadd useradd Unix.
adduser addgroup.
- mysql. ,
.
2. , , .
3. , 2.1.3.
4. :
shell> gunzip < //'/mysql-.tar.gz | tar xvf mysql-.
GNU t a r gunzip .
:
shell> tar zxvf ///mysql-.tar.gz
5. :
shell> cd mysql-
, MySQL
.
6. :

shell> make
configure .
./configure --help. 2.3.2
120
2. MySQL
.
configure ,
MySQL ,
configure.log, , , .
, configure.
mysqlbug. . 1.7.1.3.
7. :
shell> make install
,
, support-files, :
shell> cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
, root.
innoDB,
/etc/my.cnf, # ,
c
innodb_...', . .
3.3.2 9.4.
8. :
9. MySQL ,
:
root,
user, . , .
, user .
, MySQL,
3.22.10, mysql_install_db . . .
10. root, , mysqld. , (/usr/local/mysql),
:
root.
mysql.
mysql.
11. , MySQL , support-files/mysql. server , -
2.3. MySQL
121
.
support-files/mysql. server, 2.4.3.
12. Perl- DBI DBD::mysql, bin/mysql_setpermission. 2.7.
, , .
MySQL :
bin/safe_mysqld.

raysqld ended (mysqld ), , ,
host_name. err, .
mysqld_safe 4.1.3.
f| !
|| , MySQL,
f* . ,
2.4.
2.3.2. configure
configure MySQL.
.
(. ). ,
configure, :
shell> ./configure help

configure.
,
, --without-server.
C++, mysql (
, C++). configure , C++,
without-server.
mysql, , mysql.. ( make , -, , ,
.)
MySQL (libmysqld.a), with-embedded-server.
,
/usr/local/var, configure :
122
2. MySQL
shell> ./configure --prefix=/usr/local \
--localstatedir=/usr/local/mysql/data
, ,
/usr/local, /usr/local/mysql.
,
, / u s r / l o c a l / v a r ,
/usr/local/mysql/data. , MySQL,
(. 3.3.2).
Unix , MySQL
, (/tmp /var/run), configure , :
shell> ./configure \
with-unix-socket-path=/usr/local/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock
. mysql. sock (. .4.5).
, (,
, Red Hat Linux), configure :
shell> ./configure with-client-ldflags=-all-static \
gcc libg++
libstdc++, configure, C++
gcc:
shell> CC=gcc CXX=gcc ./configure
gcc C++, libg++ libstdc++. , ,

MySQL.
:
gcc 2.7.2:
CC=gcc CXX=gcc CXXFLAGS="-O3 -felide-constructors"
egcs 1.0.3a:
CC=gcc CXX=gcc CXXFLAGS="-03 -felide-constructors \
-fno-exceptions -fno-rtti"
gcc 2.95.2:
CFLAGS="-O3 -mpentiumpro" CXX=gcc CXXFLAGS="-03 -mpentiumpro \
-felide-constructors -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti"
pgcc 2.90.29 :
CFLAGS="-03 -mpentiumpro -mstack-align-double" CXX=gcc \
2.3. MySQL
123
CXXFLAGS="-O3 -mpentiumpro -mstack-align-double \

-felide-constructors -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti"
MySQL, configure
:
, configure , , :
CFLAGS="-O3 -mpentiumpro" CXX=gcc CXXFLAGS="-O3 -mpentiumpro \
-felide-constructors -fno-exceptions - f n o - r t t i " ./configure \
, http://www.mysql.com,
(. 2.1.2.5). , ,
(. 6.5.3).
, ,

l i b m y s q l c l i e n t . s o . # ( ' # ' - ), , configure disable-shared. configure l i b m y s q l c l i e n t . s o . #.
MySQL , (DEFAULT) ,
NULL (. 1.8.6.2):
s h e l l > CXXFIAGS=-DDONTJJSEJ)EFAULT_FIELDS ./configure
, INSERT , NOT NULL.
MySQL l a t i n l (ISO-8859-1). - - w i t h - c h a r s e t :
shell> ./configure with-charset=Ha6op
: big5, cpl251,
1257, czech, danish, dec8, dos, eucjtr, gb2312, gbk, germanl, hebrew, hp8,
hungarian, koi8_ru, koi8_ukr, l a t i n l , Iatin2, s j i s , swe7, tis620, ujis, usa7
winl251ukr. 4.7.1.
.
MySQL l a t i n l _ s w e d i s h _ c i .
with-collation:
shell> ./configure with-collation=collation
, with-charset with-collation.
124
2. MySQL
. ( SHOW
COLLATION ,
.)
, SET CHARACTER SET. "MySQL. ".
|
||
||
, myisamchk - r -q set-character-set=Ha6op. . ( , MySQL, - , MySQL

.)
configure with-extra-charsets=Cn#COiC, , . - , , complex, ,

, a l l - .
MySQL ,
with-debug:
shell> ./configure with-debug

, , .
, , ,
MySQL, enable-thread-safe-client.
libmysqlclientr,
.
, ,
, (. 2.6).
2.3.3.
|
, || . MySQL ,
|; ( ).
:
1. BitKeeper http://www.bitmover.com/cgi-bin/download.cgi. BitKeeper 3.0 .
2. .
2.3. MySQL
125
3. BitKeeper , ,
MySQL.
3.23:
shell> bk clone bk://mysql.bkbits.net/mysql-3.23 mysql-3.23
4.0:
5.0, :

mysql-3.23/, mysql-4.0/, mysql-4.1/ mysql-5.0/ .

HTTP-, BitKeeper HTTP.
-, http_proxy, :
shell> export httpjproxy="http://your.proxy,server:8080/"
bk: // http: //, :
shell> bk clone http://mysql.bkbits.net/mysql-4.! mysql-4.1

, . , .
4. GNU make, autoconf 2.53 ( ), automake 1.5,
libtool 1.4 m4 . ,
make, ,
.
GNU make ( gmake).
, GNU,
. , :
http://www.gnu.org/software/autoconf/
http://www.gnu.org/software/automake/
http://www.gnu.org/software/libtool/
http://www.gnu.org/software/m4/
http://www.gnu.org/software/make/
MySQL 4.1 ,
GNU bison 1.75 . bison :
sql_yacc.yy:#####: fatal error: maximum table size (32767) exceeded
sql_yacc.yy:#####;
(32767)
126
2. MySQL
^ !
/ ,
/ bison.
MySQL, 4.1,
(, BSD yacc 91.7.30). GNU bison.
, . cd
.
mysql-4.0 .
shell>
shell>
shell>
shell>
shell>
shell>
shell>
cd mysql-4.0
bk -r edit
aclocal; autoheader; autoconf; automake
(cd innobase; aclocal; autoheader; autoconf; automake)
(cd bdb/dist; sh s_all)
./configure #
make
, innobase bdb/dist,
innoDB Berkley DB (BDB).
InnoDB BDB, .
- ,
, libtool.
BUILD/. ,
BUILD/compile-pentium-debug
. ,
, Pentium.
5. , make i n s t a l l .
.
. MySQL, ./configure prefix,
--with-tcp-port --unix-socket-path, ,
.
6. ,
. make test.
7. make , h t t p : //bugs .mysql. com. GNU , . aclocal not found (
) - , .
, , PATH ,
.
2.3. MySQL
127
8. bk clone, , bk pull, .
9. bk revtool. - , , MySQL
internals (. 1.7.1.1). , , -, , , bk dif fs ,
.
, .
10. BitKeeper ,
bk helptool.
., ( bk ci bk
citool) MySQL internals, , openloging.org, .
, ( bk push). bk dif f s, .
, . ,
MySQL 4.1, http://mysql.bkbits.net: 8080/mysql-4.1.
, :
shell> bk clone bk://mysql.bkbits.net/mysqldoc mysqldoc
BitKeeper MySQL
Control Center ( MySQL) Connector/ODBC.
.
MySQL Control Center, :
shell> bk clone http://mysql.bkbits.net/mysqlcc mysqlcc
Connector/ODBC :
shell> bk clone http://mysql.bkbits.net/myodbc3 myodbc3
2.3.4. MySQL
MySQL Linux Solaris
- .
-
. 2.3.5 , MIT-pthreads. .
.
, :
configure , , , .
128
2. MySQL
config. cache. configure , . , configure ,
, .
, .
configure make . ,
, ,
.

, configure:
shell> rm config.cache
shell> make clean
make distclean.
,
MySQL.
s q l y a c c . c c
, , , , ,
:
Internal compiler error: program cclplus got fatal signal 11

: cclplus
11
Out of v i r t u a l memory

Virtual memory exhausted

, sql_yacc.cc . configure
with-low-memory:
shell> ./configure with-low-memory
f no-inline,
, -00 - .
with-low-memory, ,
, . ,
with-low-memory .
configure ++,
-lg++. ,
:
configure: error: installation or configuration problem:

C++ compiler cannot create executables.
configure: : :
C++ .
2.3. MySQL
129
, g++, libg++ libstdc++.

, ++, ++, libg++ libstdc++. conf ig. log. ,
C++ . C++. -03:
shell> CXX="gcc -03"
./configure
, C++ ,
++, libg++
libstdc++.
g++, libg++
libstdc++. , libg++
libstdc++ M y S Q L , mysqld,
- .
M y S Q L .
C + + ,
M y S Q L R A I D
3 . width-raid
, ,
C++, :
-03 -DDBUG_OFF -rdynamic - isamchk isamchk.o sort. libnisam.a
../mysys/libmysys.a ../dbug/libdbug.a ../strings/libmystrings.a
-Ipthread -lz -lcrypt -lnsl -lm -lpthread
../mysys/libmysys.a(raid.o)(.text+0x79): In function
"my_raid_createf:: undefined reference to "operator new(unsigned)'
../mysys/libmysys.a(raid.o)(.text+Oxdd): In function
4
my_raid_create':: undefined reference to "operator delete(void*)'
../mysys/libmysys.a(raid.o)(.text+0xl29): In function
"my_raid_openf:: undefined reference to "operator new(unsigned)'
../mysys/libmysys.a(raid.o)(.text+0xl89): In function
"my raid open1:: undefined reference to "operator delete(void*)'
../mysys/libmysys.a(raid.o)(,text+0x64b): In function
"my_raid_close':: undefined reference to "operator delete(void*)'
collect2: Id returned 1 exit status
, , make G N U make.
making all in mit-pthreads
make: Fatal error in reader: Makefile, line 18:
Badly formed macro assignment
make: file "Makefile' line 18: Must be a separator (:
pthread.h: No such file or directory
130
2. MySQL
, Solaris FreeBSD
, make.
, GNU make 3.75 .
C++,
CFLAGS CXXFLAGS.
- . :
shell>
shell>
shell>
shell>
shell>
CC=gcc
CFLAGS=-O3
CXX=gcc
CXXFLAGS=-O3
export CC CFLAGS CXX CXXFLAGS
2.1.2.5 , .
, , :
client/libmysql.c:273: parse error before N attribute '
client/libmysql.:273: '
, 2.8.1 ,
2.95.2 egsc 1.0.3.
mysqld , , configure
accept(), getsockname() getpeername():
: Error: mysqld.cc, line 645: In this statement, the referenced
type of the pointer value ''length1' is ''unsigned long 1 1 ,
which is not compatible with ''int1'.
new_sock = accept(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&cAddr, &length);
, config.h (
configure). :
/* Define as the base type of the last arg to accept */
/* */
#define SOCKET__SIZE_TYPE XXX
XXX s i z e t int, .
(, configure, config.h.)
sql_yacc.cc sql_yacc.yy. sqlyacc.ee, MySQL

. ,
:
"sql_yacc.yy", line xxx f a t a l : default action causes p o t e n t i a l . . .
, . ,
bison ( GNU) .
2.3. MySQL
131
Debian Linux 3.0 gawk

mawk, MySQL 4.1
Berkley DB.
mysqld MySQL, configure

with-debug,
.
Linux (, SuSE Linux 8.1 Red Hat

Linux 7.3) , :
libmysql.c:1329: warning: passing arg 5 of 4 gethostbyname_r' from
incompatible pointer type
libmysql.c:1329: too few arguments to function 4 gethostbyname_r'
libmysql.c:1329: warning: assignment makes pointer from integer
without a cast
make[2]: *** [libmysql.lo] Error 1
, configure
, C++ GNU g++.
, ++.
:
, ++ GNU C++ . Linux , - -++.
C++,
:
export CXX="gcc"
configure.
2.3.5. MIT-pthreads
, MITpthreads.
Linux MIT-p threads.
LinuxThreads. .
2.6.1.
, MySQL MIT-p threads. FreeBSD, SunOS 4.x, Solaris 2.4 , (. 2.1.1).
MySQL 4.0.2, MIT-pthreads
. , http://www.mysql.com/Downloads/Contrib/pthreads-l_60_beta6-mysql.tar.gz.

MySQL. m i t - p t h r e a d s .
MIT-pthreads, configure with-mit-pthreads:

shell> ./configure with-mit-threads
132
2. MySQL
, , MIT-pthreads,
, .
, MIT-pthreads,
, .
without-server,
, - , MITpthreads Unix-.
Unix- MIT-pthreads ,
, -h
h o s t .
MySQL MIT-pthreads, , .

external-locking. , MySQL , .
bind () pthread-
( , Solaris). :
s h e l l > mysqladmin version
mysqladmin: connect to server at ? l failed;
e r r o r : 'Can't connect to mysql server on localhost
(146)'
mysqld. , .
MIT-pthreads s l e e p () SIGINT (). ,

mysqladmin s l e e p .
s l e e p (), .
, ( , Solaris), :
Id: warning: symbol v _iob' has differing sizes:
(file /my/local/pthreads/lib/libpthread.a(findfp.o) value=0x4;
f i l e /usr/lib/libc.so value=0xl40);
/my/local/pthreads/lib/libpthread.a(findfp.o) definition taken
Id: warning: symbol iob 1 has differing s i z e s :
(file /my/local/pthreads/lib/libpthread.a(findfp.o) value=0x4;
f i l e /usr/lib/libc.so value=0xl40);
/my/local/pthreads/lib/libpthread.a(findfp.o) definition taken
:
i m p l i c i t d e c l a r a t i o n of function
i m p l i c i t d e c l a r a t i o n of function
4
4
int s t r t o l l ( . . . ) '
int strtoul(...)'
r e a d l i n e MIT-pthreads ( , , , , - .)
2.3. MySQL
133
2.3.6. MySQL
Windows
MySQL 4.1
Windows. BitKeeper,
.
;
, , ,
MySQL Windows,
BitKeeper. MySQL AB
MySQL, .
MySQL,
7, MySQL AB Windows. ;, 2.2.1.
MySQL Windows , Windows:

VC++ 6.0 ( Service Pack 4 Service Pack 5, ).
. :
http://msdn.microsoft.com/vstudio/downloads/updates/sp/vs6/sp5/faq.aspx.
45 .
64 .
MySQL Windows.
MySQL 4.1 :
1. , MySQL AB MySQL, . MySQL
http://dev.mysql.com/downloads.
2. , BitKeeper.
, Unix,
Windows. ( ,
, Unix.)
BitKeeper :
Unix Linux;
BitKeeper 3.0.
http://www.bitkeeper.com.
Windows, 2.3.6.1. BitKeeper
2.3.6.2.
, - , , Windows,
Win32 (. 1.7.1.1).
2. MySQL
134
2.3.6.1. MySQL VC++
!
VC++ MySQL 4.1 , MySQL AB

, Microsoft Visual Studio 6.0 (7.0/.NET).
MySQL :
1. (, : \workdir).
2. WinZip
Windows, zip-.
3. VC++ 6.0.
4. File () VC++ Open Workspace ( ).
5. mysql.dsw, .
6. Build () Set Active Configuration ( ).
7. mysqld - Win32 .
8. <F7> , .
9. .
10. client_debug
lib_debug. , , c l i e n t _ r e l e a s e
l i b r e l e a s e . , Build Build All ( ).
11. . , ,
, MySQL , , C:\mysql C:\mysql\data.
, ,
.
basedir datadir, ( my.ini Windows :\my.cnf).
, - ,
.
12. client_release client_debug,
, . 2.2.1. , .
13. ,
mysql,
client_release client__debug.
, , . MySQL, .
2.3. MySQL
135
1. , MySQL . ,
: \mysql :
:\>
:\>
:\>
:\>
:\>
mkdir
mkdir
mkdir
mkdir
mkdir
C:\mysql
C:\mysql\bin
C:\mysql\data
:\mysql\share
C:\mysql\scripts

MySQL, :
:\> mkdir C:\mysql\include
:\> mkdir C:\mysql\lib
:\> mkdir C:\mysql\lib\debug
:\> mkdir C:\mysql\lib\opt
MySQL,
:
:\> mkdir C:\mysql\sql-bench
Perl.
2. workdir : \mysql :
:\> cd \workdir
C:\workdir> copy client_release\*.exe C:\mysql\bin
:\workdir> copy client_debug\mysqld.exe :\mysql\bin\mysqld-debug.exe
C:\workdir> xcopy scripts\*.* C:\mysql\scripts /E
C:\workdir> xcopy share\*.* C:\mysql\share /E

MySQL, :
C:\workdir> copy lib_debug\mysqlclient.lib C:\mysql\lib\debug
C:\workdir> copy lib_debug\libmysql.* C:\mysql\lib\debug
C:\workdir> copy lib_debug\zlib.* C:\mysql\lib\debug
C:\workdir> copy lib_release\mysqlclient.lib C:\mysql\lib\opt
C:\workdir> copy lib_release\libmysql.* C:\mysql\lib\opt
C:\workdir> copy lib_release\zlib.* C:\mysql\lib\opt
C:\workdir> copy include\*.h C:\mysql\include
C:\workdir> copy libmysql\libmysql.def C:\mysql\include
MySQL, :
C:\workdir> xcopy sql-bench\*.* C:\mysql\bench /
, (. 2.2.1).
2.3.6.2. Windows ,

Windows ,
BitKeeper, . , Unix Unix-
. , , , Linux.
136
2. MySQL
1. MySQL ( 4.1 )
BitKeeper. , ,
2.3.3.
2. . :
shell> ./BUILD/coinpile-pentium-max
3. , , ,
:
shell> ./scripts/make_win_src_distribution
Windows.
, :
help. .
debug. , .
dirname. ().
silent. He .
--suffix. .
tar. . t a r . gz .zip.
trap. .
make_win_src_distribution Zip
mysql-BEPCH#-win-src.zip,
MySQL .
4. Windows-.
, 2.3.6.1.

my_global.h mysql .h:
#include <my_global.h>
#include <mysql.h>
myglobal.h , Windows ( windows.h),
Windows.
libmysql.lib, libmysql .dll ,
mysqlclient. lib.
MySQL ,
, .
2.4.
MySQL , . , Unix
. ,
, , MySQL
2.4.
137
. ,
MySQL.
,
Windows Unix. 2.4.4 .
, , . 2.4.5 . , MySQL .
,
MySQL (.
4.4 4.5).
2.4.1. Windows
Windows . MySQL Windows mysql, . . , , 2.4.5.
, , . , (. 2.2.1.5), , , . , :
:\> C:\mysql\bin\mysqlshow
I Databases |
+
+
I mysql
|
I test
I
+
+
:\> C:\mysql\bin\mysqlshow mysql

Database: mysql
I Tables
+
|
+
I columns_priv
I db
I func
host
tables_priv
user
|
+
+
C:\> C:\mysql\bin\mysql -e "SELECT Host,Db,User FROM db" mysql
| host | db
I %
| user |
| test% |
138
2. MySQL
Windows, , ,
MySQL Windows,
2.2.1.7 .
2.4.2. Unix
MySQL Unix , . ,
, . , .
Unix mysql_install_db.
:
MySQL Linux, RPM, RPM mysql_install_db.
MySQL Mac OS X, PKG, mysql_install_db.
m y s q l i n s t a l l d b .
(
) . , ,
.
2.4.3.
, ,
, mysql_install_db. ,
, 2.4.5.
mysql. , . , , ,
.
1. MySQL, 30_0:
shell> cd 30_0
, 30_0 - /usr/local/mysql
/usr/local. , .
2. , mysql_install_db, , ,
. , , .
mysql_install_db - MySQL, , . mysql_install_db
, .
, ,
2.4.
139
, , mysqlinstalldb -
bin scripts:
shell > scripts /my sql_install_db user=mysql
mysql_install_db , mysql,
, test, MySQL.
root .
. 2.4.5. MySQL
root , - t e s t t e s t .
, mysql,
, . , mysql_install_db
user, root. mysql;
user .
mysql__install_db mysql : user, db, host,
tables_priv, columns_priv, func , , , MySQL.
test,
mysqladmin -u root drop t e s t .
m y s q l i n s t a l l d b 2.4.2.1
.
m y s q l i n s t a l l d b ,
MySQL:
,
, mysql_install_db . GRANT
REVOKE , . ,
m y s q l i n s t a l l d b , mysql -u root
mysql MySQL root .
MySQL
, GRANT REVOKE , mysql
mysql_install_db. :
shell> bin/mysql -u root < __
, .
2. MySQL
140
,
. , GRANT REVOKE mysql_install_db, .
, . frm, .MYI .MYD
, mysql ( mysql, ,
datadir mysqld --help). mysql_install_db .
Jf? MySQL, 3.22.10, . f r m . ff , mysql MySQL

|| m y s q l _ i n s t a l l _ d b .
mysqld skip-grant-tables
mysql:
shell> bin/mysqld_safe user=mysql skip-grant-tables &
shell> bin/mysql mysql
mysql SQL,
mysql_install_db. He mysqladmin flush-privileges
mysqladmin reload, .
, mysql_install_db, , .
3. MySQL:
shell> bin/mysqldjsafe user=mysql &
bin/safe_mysqld.
, MySQL ( root). mysql_safe
root user.
mysql, user . MySQL .3.2.
, :
mysqld: Can't find f i l e : 'host.frm 1
mysqld:
'host.frm1
- ,
2.4.4.
4. mysqladmin . ,
:
2.4.
141
shell> bin/mysqladmin version

shell> bin/mysqladmin variables
mysqladmin version MySQL, :
shell> bin/mysqladmin version
mysqladmin Ver 8.40 Distrib 4.0.18, for linux on i586
Copyright (C) 2000 MySQL AB & MySQL Finland AB & TCX DataKonsult AB
This software comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. This is free software,
and you are welcome to modify and redistribute it under the GPL license
Server version
4.0.18-log
Protocol
version 10
Connection
Localhost via Unix socket
TCP port
3306
UNIX socket
/tmp/mysql.sock
Uptime:
16 sec
Threads: 1 Questions: 9 Slow q u e r i e s : 0
Opens: 7 Flush t a b l e s : 2 Open t a b l e s : 0
Queries per second avg: 0.000
Memory in u s e : 132K Max memory used: 16773K
, mysqladmin,
--help.
5. , :
shell> bin/mysqladmin -u root shutdown
6. , .
mysqld_saf e mysqld , :
shell> bin/mysqld_safe user=mysql log &
mysqld_saf e , 2.4.4.
7. ,
. :
: \> : \mysql\bin\mysqlshow
+
+
| Databases |
+
+
I mysql
|
I test
!
+
+
:\> C:\mysql\bin\mysqlshow mysql
Database: mysql
I Tables
|
+
+
| columns_priv |
I db
|
I func
I
I host
|
I tablesjpriv |
I user
|
142
2. MySQL
:\> C:\mysql\bin\mysql - "SELECT Host,Db,User FROM db" mysql
+
+
+
+
I host | db
| user |
+
+
+
+
I %
I test
|
|
I %
| testJ|
|
+
8. sql-bench , , MySQL . Perl DBI, .

Perl. :
DBI
DBD::mysql
Data::Dumper
Data::ShowTable
CPAN (http://www.cpan.org). . 2.7.1.
sql -bench/Results . , :
shell> cd sql-bench
shell> perl run-all-tests
sql-bench, , , MySQL RPM, ,
( RPM sql-bench). . MySQL 3.22,
RPM- mysqlbench-i386. rpm, .
t e s t , . , autoincrement.tst, :
shell> mysql -wf test < ./tests/auto_increment.tst

./tests/auto_increment.res.
9. . MySQL , , 2.4.5.
2.4.2.1. mysqMnstalldb
mysql_install_db ,
MySQL. .
2.4.
143
,
mysqld. mysql , , mysql_install_db:
shell> mv --mysql/mysql --mysql/mysql-old
shell> mysql_install_db user=mysql
,
mysql_install_db.
mysql_install_db .
, :
Starting mysqld daemon with databases from XXXXXX
mysqld ended
mysqld XXXXXX
mysqld
.
XXXXXX, ,
, , mysqld .
, ,
MySQL AB (. 1.7.1.3).
mysqld .
, , . ,
mysql_install_db, (
MySQL).
mysqld , .
, MySQL,
. ,
. , , ,
, ,
. :
Can't s t a r t server: Bind on TCP/IP port:
Address already in use
Can't s t a r t server: Bind on unix s o c k e t . . . .
: TCP/IP:

: unix....
4.9.
/tmp.
,
Unix (/tmp),
mysql_install_db mysqld.
144
2. MySQL
,
mysql_install_db mysqld:
shell> TMPDIR=/_/
she 11 > MYSQLJJNIX_PORT=/some_tmpjiir/mysql. sock
shell> export TMPDIR MYSQLJJNIX_PORT
_ , .
mysql_install_db :
mysql_install_db scripts, bin scripts.
.4.5 .
2.4.3. MySQL
mysql :
mysqld. .
MySQL Windows.
Windows-, (NT, 2000 ).
Windows .
2.2.1.7.
mysqld_saf ,
mysqld .
, BSD Unix. . 4.1.3.
mysql. server. ,
System-V, mysql.
mysql.server , , , mysqld_safe. .
4.1.4.
Mac OS X MySQL
Startup Item, MySQL . Startup Item , mysql. server. . 2.2.3.
mysqld.server mysqld_safe, Mac OS X Startup Item,
. , mysqld. server Startup Item .
mysql.server,
, , s t a r t stop:
shell> mysql.server start
shell> mysql.server stop
2.4.
145
, mysql. server MySQL, mysqld_saf .

- ,
user [mysqld] /etc/my, cnf, . (, mysql.server,
MySQL . , mysqldsafe cd . ,
mysql.server ,
.)
mysql.server , .
b , mysqladmin shutdown.
MySQL ,
/etc/rc*.
RPM- Linux (MySQL-server-.), mysql.server /etc/init.d
mysql. .
RPM Linux 2.2.2.
RPM-,
, , mysqld.
MySQL ,
mysql.server, .
support-files MySQL .
mysql.server , / e t c / i n i t . d
mysql :
shell> cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
shell> chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql
Red Hat /etc/rc.d/init.d
/etc/init.d. . , /etc/init.d , /etc/rc.d/init.d:
shell> cd /etc
shell> In -s re.d/init.d .
. Linux chkconf ig:
shell> chkconfig add mysql
Linux-
:
shell> chkconfig level 345 mysql on
FreeBSD
/usr/local/etc/rc.d/. man- (8) ,
, *.sh.
146
2. MySQL
, , . , FreeBDS mysql. server

/usr/local/etc/rc.d/mysql. server. sh, .
, , /etc/rc.local /etc/init.d/boot.local . MySQL ,
, :
/bin/sh - 'cd /usr/local/mysql; ./bin/mysqld_safe user=mysql &'

.
mysql.server /etc/my.cnf. /etc/my. cnf:
[mysqld]
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/var
socket=/var/tmp/mysql.sock
port=3306
user=mysql
[mysql.server]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
mysql. server : basedir, datadir pid-f i l e .
, , . mysql.server start stop.
,
.
mysqld
[mysqld], [server], [mysqld--]
mysql.server
[mysqld], [mysql.server]
mysqld_safe
[mysqld], [server], [mysqld_safe]
[mysqld--) , [mysqld-4.0],
[mysqld-4.1] [mysqld-5.0] MySQL 4.0.x, 4.1.x, 5.0.x
. MySQL 4.0.14. , .
mysql.server
[mysql_server], a mysqld_safe - [safejnysqld]. , [mysql.server]
[mysqld_safe], MySQL 4.0 .
. 3.3.2.
2.44. MySQL
- , :
2.4.
147
, .
, .
, . , ,
, .
, , .
, .
, .
my.cnf .
,
(innoDB, BDB), , :
InnoDB, InnoDB . MySQL 3.23 InnoDB ,
. MySQL 4.0, InnoDB
, .
. 9.4.
BDB (Berkley DB), BDB . . 8.4.3.
mysqld . ,
. Unix
mysqld pid ( ).

. - ,
. , mysqld verbose help ( 4.1 MySQL
verbose).
MySQL
, mysqld
mysqld_saf . .
datadir. mysqld , MySQL, .
basedir.
, mysqld
verbose help. , , mysqld, , , /usr/local:
shell> ./mysqld basedir=/usr/local verbose help
, --datadir, ,
verbose help . ( MySQL,
4.1, verbose .)
, , verbose help.
148
2. MySQL
mysqld , :
shell> mysqladmin variables
shell> mysqladmin -h _ variables

_ - , MySQL.
mysqld Err code 13 ("Permission denied" - " "), ,
. , . root,
, .
Unix , , . ,
/usr/local/mysql/var, :
shell> Is -la /usr/local/mysql/var

, , , :
shell> chown -R mysql /usr/local/mysql/var
shell> chgrp -R mysql /usr/local/mysql/var
,
.
( C:\mysql\data Windows, /usr/local/mysql/data -
Unix /usr/local/var - Unix).
_. e r r ^. log, _ -
. ( Windows
mysql.err.)
. Unix t a i l :
shell> t a i l _.
shell> t a i l _.log
, .
, :
000729 14:50:10 bdb: Recovery function for LSN 1 27595 failed
000729 14:50:10 bdb: warning: . / t e s t / t l . d b : No such f i l e or directory
000729 14:50:10 Can't i n i t databases
, mysqld bdb-no-recover,
Berkley DB , -
, . ,
Berkley DB , . BDB
, log.0000000001, .
2.4.
149
mysqld BDB, , BDB.

bdb-no-recover. , BDB mysqld
bdb-no-recover.
, , - (, mysqld) TCP/IP Unix-,
mysqld:
Can't s t a r t server: Bind on TCP/IP port: Address already in use
Can't s t a r t server: Bind on unix socket...
ps , mysqld.
, . ( , ,
, ,
4.9.)
, telnet
-- --tcp-ip ( MySQL 3306),
<Enter> .
t e l n e t : Unable to connect to remote host: Connection refused
("telnet: : "),
, - TCP/IP,
mysqld. , , ,
port mysqld, .

TCP/IP.
, ,
, . , , .
, ,
/etc/hosts :
127.0.0.1 localhost
, MySQL MIT-pthreads.
mysqld , , , mysqld debug.
2.4.5. MySQL
MySQL mysql, :
MySQL Windows , .
Unix mysql_install_db. , , .
2.4.2.
150
2. MySQL

MySQL . :
root. , . ,
MySQL root .
Windows root
, - .
Unix root . localhost
IP- - .
, .
MySQL.
Windows
. , root.
,
test , test__.
Unix .
localhost IP - .
t e s t , t e s t .
, .
, MySQL , :
, , .
root.
MySQL - , root. "_" , .
, ,
.
, .
.
SET PASSWORD, UPDATE. PASSWORD ().
Windows, :
shell> mysql -u root
mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR " @'localhost 1 = PASSWORD (' _ ' ) ;
mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR "@'%' = PASSWORD(' ');
2.4.
151
Unix :
s h e l l > mysql -u r o o t
1
mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR ' ' l o c a l h o s t = PASSWORD (' _ ' ) ;
mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR ''_* = PASSWORD('_');
SET PASSWORD _ . , Host , l o c a l h o s t , r o o t u s e r . , SET
PASSWORD:
mysql> SELECT Host, User FROM m y s q l . u s e r ;
, User r o o t , Host l o c a l h o s t . Host SET
PASSWORD.
UPDATE user.
r o o t UPDATE
Password user.
Windows Unix. UPDATE
:
mysql> UPDATE m y s q l . u s e r SET Password = PASSWORD('newpwd')
->
WHERE User = ' ' ;
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
, , UPDATE,
FLUSH
PRIVILEGES. , .
,
:
mysql> DELETE FROM m y s q l . u s e r WHERE User =
";
DELETE Windows, Unix. Windows,

, , r o o t , :
1
mysql> DELETE FROM m y s q l . u s e r WHERE H o s t = ' l o c a l h o s t AND User = ' ' ;
,
.
r o o t .
:
SET PASSWORD.
mysql admin.
UPDATE.
152
2. MySQL
SET PASSWORD,
root SET PASSWORD. He PASSWORD ().
Windows :
mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR 'root1@'localhost1 = PASSWORD('_');
mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR 'root' @' %' = PASSWORD('_');
Unix :
s h e l l > mysql -u root
m y s q l > SET PASSWORD FOR ' r o o t 1 @ ' l o c a l h o s t 1 = P A S S W O R D ( ' _ ' ) ;
mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR 'root'@'_' = PASSWORD('_');
SET PASSWORD _
. , ,
.
root mysqladmin, :
shell> mysqladmin -u root password "_"
shell> mysqladmin -u root -h __ password "_"
Windows, Unix.
_ . ,
, , ,
, .
MySQL, mysqladmin parse error near 'SET password' (
'SET password').
MySQL.
UPDATE USER.
root :
s h e l l > mysql -u root
mysql> UPDATE mysql.user SET Password = PASSWORD('_')
->
WHERE User = ' r o o t ' ;
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mysqld ,
/ l i b / l i v e . . ,
sql/mysqld, make i n s t a l l mysqld .
Slackware.
mysqld,
, libg++. a:
/usr/lib/libc.a(putc.o): In function 4 _I0_putc':

putc.o (.text+OxO): multiple definition of v_IO_putc'
/usr/lib/libc.a (putc.o) : y_IO_putc ':

putc.o(.text+OxO):
y_IO_putc'
libg++.a, configure :
shell> CXX=gcc ./configure
mysqld , Red Hat 5.0 glibc, 2.0.7-5, , glibc. MySQL,
http://lists.mysql.com/.
2.6.1.6. Linux SPARC

readdir_r() .
, SHOW DATABASES . HAVE_READDIR_R config.h .
2.6.1.7. Linux Alpha

MySQL 3.23.12 - MySQL, Linux-Alpha.
MySQL Linux-Alpha, ,
.
MySQL Alpha .
MySQL SuSE Linux 7.0 for
, 2.4.4-SMP, Compaq (V6.2-505) Compaq
C++ (V6.3-006) Compaq DS20 Alpha EV6.
http://www.support.compaq.com/
alpha-tools/. 9-14%
MySQL.
, MySQL 3.23.52 4.0.2 ( -fast).
, Alpha, Alpha EV6.
-arch generic
, , Alpha. , , . configure :
= CFLAGS="-fast -arch generic" CXX=cxx \
CXXFLAGS="-fast -arch generic -noexceptions - n o r t t i " \
./configure prefix=/usr/local/mysql disable-shared \
178
2. MySQL
with-extra-charsets=complex enable-thread-safe-client \
with-mysqld-ldflags=-non_shared with-client-ldflags=-non_shared
egcs, configure:
CFLAGS="-O3 -fomit-frame-pointer" CXX=gcc \
CXXFLAGS="-O3 -fomit-frame-pointer -felide-constructors \
-fno-exceptions - f n o - r t t i " \
./configure prefix=/usr/local/mysql disable-shared
MySQL LinuxAlpha:
, MySQL, gdb 4.18 .
gdb 5.1.
mysqld , .
, with-mysqld-ldf lags=-all-static .
2.6.1.8. Linux PowerPC

MySQL MkLinux glibc (
glibc 2.0.7).
2.6.1.9. Linux MIPS

MySQL Qube2 (Linux MIPS),
glibc. , glibc 2.0.7-29C2. egcs C++ (egcs-1.0.2-9, gcc 2.95.2 ).
2.6.1.10. Linux IA-64

MySQL Linux IA-64,
configure:
CC=gcc \
CFLAGS="-O3 -fno-omit-frame-pointer" \
CXX=gcc \
CXXFLAGS="-O3 -fno-omit-frame-pointer -felide-constructors \
-fno-exceptions - f n o - r t t i " \
./configure prefix=/usr/local/mysql \
"--with-comment=Official MySQL binary" \
with-extra-charsets=complex
Ha IA-64 . , ,
/usr/local/mysql, , libmysqlclient.so,
/etc/Id.so.conf, LD_LIBRARY_PATH. .
.3.1.
2.6.2. Max OS X
Max OS X t a r .
. t a r .gz, gnutar.
2.6.
179
2.6.2.1. Mac OS X 10.x (Darwin)

MySQL Mac OS X 10.x (Darwin).
Mac OS X Darwin 6.3 -
configure:
CC=gcc CFLAGS="-O3 -fno-omit-frame-pointer" CXX=gcc \
CXXFLAGS="-O3 -fno-omit-frame-pointer -felide-constructors \
-fno-exceptions -fno-rtti" \
enable-local-infile disable-shared
. 2.2..
2.6.2.2. Mac OS X Server 1.2 (Rhapsody)

Mac OS X Server MySQL
.
, Mac OS X. ( ,
MySQL Mac OS X,
.)
(Mac OS X Server 1.2, Rhapsody),
MySQL, pthread.
. 2.2.3.
2.6.3. Solaris
Solaris , MySQL! t a r , Solaris,
. Solaris
http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/os-solaris.html.
Sun Solaris 2.5
. 2.4 MySQL MIT-pthreads
(. 2.3.5).
configure, ,
- :
checking for restartable system c a l l s . . . configure: error can not

run t e s t programs while cross compiling
...
configure:

-
.
,
config.cache:
ac_cv_sys_restartable_syscalls=${ac_cv_sys_restartable_syscalls='nol}
Solaris SPARC,
2.95.2 3.2. h t t p : / / g c c . g n u . o r g / . ,
eges 1.1.1 2.8.1 SPARC !
2.95.2 configure :
180
2. MySQL
COgcc CFLAGS="-03" \
CXX=gcc CXXFLAGS="-03 - f e l i d e - c o n s t r u c t o r s -fno-exceptions - f n o - r t t i " \
./configure prefix=/usr/local/mysql with-low-memory \
enable-assembler
UltraSPARC,
4% , -mcpu=v8 -Wa,-xarch=v8plusa CFLAGS
CXXFLAGS.
Sun Forte 5.0 ( )
configure :
= CFLAGS="-Xa -fast -native -xstrconst -mt" \
CXX=CC CXXFLAGS="-noex -mt11 \
./configure prefix=/usr/local/mysql enable-assembler
64- Sun Forte :
= CFLAGS="-Xa -fast -native -xstrconst -mt -xarch=v9" \
CXX=CC CXXFLAGS="-noex -mt -xarch=v9" ASFLAGS=fl-xarch=v9lf \
64- Solaris ,
-4 CFLAGS CXXFLAGS enable-assembler configure.
MySQL 4.0 . MySQL 3.23 .
MySQL
4% UltraSPARC Forte 5.0 32-
3.2 -mcpu.
64- mysqld, , 4%
, 32- , .
fdatasync sched_yield, , LIBS=-lrt configure.
, Workshop 5.3, , configure. :
#if ! defined (_STDC__) | | _STDC_ != 1
#if
!defined(__STDC_J

STDC -, Sun pthread.h. Sun ( ).
mysqld , , MySQL Sun -mt:
libc internal error: _rmutex_unlock: rmutex not held

-mt CFLAGS CXXFLAGS .
SFW- ( Solaris 8),
/opt/swf/lib LD_LIBRARY_PATH
configure.
2.6.
181
, sunfreeware.com,
. , GNU
b i n u t i l s , .
MySQL ,
, Solaris:
s h e l l > gcc -03 -g -02 -DDBUGJDFF - thr__alarm . . .
x
./thr_alarm.c: In function signal_hand':
./thr_alarm.c:556: too many arguments to function
sigwait'
, , - . ,
Solaris 2.5, , , , ,
!
Solaris ( l i b p t h r e a d s
l i b d l ) , MySQL s t a t i c .
, :
Id: f a t a l : library - l d l : not found
undefined reference to 'dlopen'
cannot find - l r t
,
:
ld.so.l: fatal: libmysqlclient.so.#:
open f a i l e d : No such f i l e or d i r e c t o r y
:

-.
l i b m y s q c l i e n t . s o / u s r / l i b .
, l i b m y s q c l i e n t . s o , LD_RUN_PATH, .
-Wl,r////libmysqlclient.so
configure - l z , z l i b , :
,
z l i b f t p . gnu. org .
configure with-named-z-libs=no MySQL.
MySQL (UDF), - l g c c UDF.

, MySQL ,
support-files/mysql. server / e t c / i n i t . d
/etc/.d/S99mysql.server.
,
mysqld, MySQL :
Error in accept: Protocol error
2. MySQL
182
,
back_log=50. ( MySQL 4.0 -0 back_log=50.)
Solaris
setuid (), raysqld,
user.
2.6.3.1. Solaris 2.7/2.8

Solaris 2.6 Solaris 2.7
2.8. Solars 2.6 Solaris 2.7 2.8.
MySQL 3.23.4
Solaris .
Solaris 2.7 2.8 . :
/usr/include/widec.h:42: warning: Ngetwc' redefined
/usr/include/wchar.h:326: warning: this is the location of the previous
definition
/usr/include/widee.h:42:
: *getwc'
/usr/include/wchar.h:326:
:
, , /usr/include/widec.h
.. /lib/gcclib/os/gcc-version/include 41
#if
!defined(lint) && !defined(
lint)
#if Idefined(lint) && !defined(
lint) && !defined(getwc)
, /usr/include/widec.h . , config. cache

configure .
make ,
configure curses.h (, - /usr/include/widec.h):
In file included from mysql.ee:50:
/usr/include/term.h:1060: syntax error before 4,'
/usr/include/term.h:1081: syntax error before ;'
:
. / c o n f i g u r e CFLAGS=-DHAVE_CURSES_H CXXFLAGS=-DHAVE_CURSES_H.
/usr/include/widec.h, ,
configure.
Idefine HAVEJTERM config.h, make
.
-lz
, , , libz.so /usr/local/lib. :
/usr/local/lib LD_LIBRARY_PATH.
l i b z . so /lib.
2.6.
183
Solaris 8, zlib
Solaris 8 -.
configure with-named-z-libs=no MySQL.
2.6.3.2. Solaris 8
Solaris 8 86 mysqld , s t r i p .
egcs Solaris x86 , configure:
CC=gcc CFLAGS="-O3 -fomit-frame-pointer -DHAVE_CURSES_H" \
CXX=gcc \
CXXFLAGS="-O3 -fomit-frame-pointer -felide-constructors \
-fno-exceptions -fno-rtti -DHAVE_CURSES_H" \
./configure prefix=/usr/local/mysql
, libstdc++ C++.
,
gdb.
2.6.4. BSD
MySQL
BSD Unix.
2.6.4.1. FreeBSD
MySQL FreeBSD 4.0 , .
, FreeBSD,
-RELEASE.
( ) MySQL mysql-server mysql-clients,
http://www.freebsd.org/.
:
MySQL , , FreeBSD.
.
, /usr/local/etc/rc. d.
pkg_inf -L.
MySQL
pkg_delete.
MIT-pthreads FreeBSD 2.x
FreeBSD 3 . ,
2.2.x, mysqld.
184
2. MySQL
, FreeBSD
. gethostbynameO,
MySQL IP-. mysqld 100% . , mysqld skip-name-resolve.
, MySQL FreeBSD
LinuxThreads, ,
FreeBSD. LinuxThreads
(Jeremy Zawodny) "FreeBSD or Linux for your
MySQL Server?" ("FreeBSD Linux MySQL?"),
h t t p : //Jeremy, zawodny.com/blog/archives/000697 .html.
LinuxThreads FreeBSD ,
waittimeout (, -
FreeBSD/LinuxThreads). ,
FreeBSD 5.0. , , .
MySQL GNU make (gmake). GNU make
, MySQL.
MySQL
FreeBSD ( 2.95.2 ):
= CFLAGS="-02 -fno-strength-reduce" \
= CXXFLAGS="-02 -fno-rtti -fno-exceptions \
-felide-constructors -fno-strength-reduce" \
gmake
gmake install
cd /usr/local/mysql
bin/mysql_install_db user=mysql
bin/mysqld_safe &
, configure MIT-pthreads,
2.3.5.
make i n s t a l l ,
/usr/include/pthreads, , configure MIT-pthreads. config. cache, configure
with-mit-pthreads.
, .
mysqld.
, localhost /etc/hosts.
, :
127.0.0.1
localhost localhost..
, FreeBSD .
. .2.17. --open-files-limit mysqld_safe,
mysqld /etc/login.conf
capjnkdb /etc/login.conf. ,
2.6.
185
, ( chpass --mysqld). . 4.1.3.

, , ,
, MySQL 512 . MAXDSIZ LINT.
MySQL
TZ. . .
2.6.4.2. NetBSD
NetBSD GNU make. , make l i n t
C++.
2.6.4.3. OpenBSD 2.5
OpenBSD 2.5 MySQL , :
CFLAGS=-pthread CXXFLAGS=-pthread ./configure with-mit-threads=no
2.6.4.4. OpenBSD 2.8

, OpenBSD 2.8 , , MySQL. OpenBSD ,
25 2001
"-current". ,
.
"Error in accept:: Bad f i l e
descriptor" (" :: ") 9
, , , MySQL
.
mysql_safe root :
roysqld_safe user=mysql open-files-limit=2048 &
2.6.4.5. BSD/OS 2.x
MySQL
j , ulimit :
item_func.h: In method
v
Item_func_ge: :Item_func_ge (const Item_func__ge &) ' :
item_func.h:28: virtual memory exhausted
make[2]: *** [item_func.o] Error 1
ulimit -v 80000 make . bash ,
csh sh. BSDI bash ulimit.
, , with-low-memory
configure, sql_yacc.cc.
MySQL, , TZ. . .
186
2. MySQL
2.6.4.6. BSD/OS 3.x

BSD/OS 3.1. ,
BSDIpatch M300-038.
MySQL :
env CXX=shlicc++ CC=shlicc2 \
./configure \
prefix=/usr/local/mysql \
localstatedir=/var/mysql \
without-perl \
with-unix-socket-path=/var/mysql/mysql.sock
:
env COgcc CXX=gcc CXXFLAGS=-O3 \
./configure \
with-unix-socket-path=/var/mysql/mysql.sock
, , , , .
, skip-thread-priority mysqld.
. BSDI 3.1 , , , BSDI .
"virtual
memory exhausted" (" "),
ulimit -v 80000 make .
bash , csh sh.
BSDI bash ulimit.
2.6.4.7. BSD/OS 4.x

BSDI 4.x , .
MySQL , , .
, 400-023.
BSDI 4.x ,
.
, mysqladmin. , configure disable-shared.
BSDI 4.0.1, , mysqld .
, / mysqld , .
, MySQL , 3.23.34, configure #define HAVE_REALPATH
config.h make.
, , BSDI ,
( ).
2.6.
187
2.6.5. Unix
2.6.5.1. HP-UX 10.20
MySQL HPUX. HP-UX,
. HP-UX 2.95.
( -),
HP-UX.
configure 2.95:
CFLAGS="-I/opt/dce/include -fpic" \
CXXFLAGS="-I/opt/dce/include -felide-constructors -fno-exceptions \
-fno-rtti" \
CXX=gcc \
./configure with-pthread \
with-named-thread-libs='-Idee' \
prefix=/usr/local/mysql disable-shared
configure 3.1:
CFLAGS="-DHPUX -I/opt/dce/include -03 -fPIC" CXX=gcc \
CXXFLAGS="-DHPUX -I/opt/dce/include -felide-constructors \
-fno-exceptions -fno-rtti -03 -fPIC" \
enable-local-infile with-pthread \
with-named-thread-libs=-ldce with-lib-ccflags=-fPIC
disable-shared
2.6.5.2. HP-UX 11.x

HP-UX 11.x MySQL 3.23.15
.
- HP-UX
,
MySQL HP-UX 11.x:
PHKL_22840 Streams cumulative
PHNE_22397 ARPA cumulative
EWOULDBLOCK recv() EBADF accept () .
2.95.1 HP-UX 11.x, , :
In f i l e included from /usr/include/unistd.h:11,
from ../include/global.h:125,
from mysql joriv.h:15,
from item.ee:19:
/usr/include/sys/unistd.h:184: declaration of function . . .
/usr/include/sys/pthread.h:440: previous declaration . . .
In file included from item.h:306,
from mysql_jpriv.h: 158,
from item.ee:19:
2. MySQL
188
, HP-UX pthreads_atfork().
/usr/include/sys/unistd.h:184
/usr/include/sys/pthread.h:440.
/ u s r / i n c l u d e / s y s / u n i s t d . h
mysql/include unistd.h
pthreads. h. :
extern
i n t pthread_atfork(void
(*prepare) ( ) , void ( * p a r e n t ) ( ) ,
:
extern int pthread_atfork(void (^prepare)(void), void
void (*child)(void));
void
(*child)());
(*parent)(void),
configure :
CFLAGS="-fomit-frame-pointer -03 -fpic" CXX=gcc \
CXXFLAGS="-felide-constructors -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti -03" \
disable-shared
MySQL 4.0.5 HP-UX,
:
= = CFLAGS=+DD64 CXXFLAGS=+DD64 ./configure \
with-extra-character-set=complex
:
: warning 901: unknown o p t i o n :
documentation
- 3 ' : use +help for o n l i n e
configure , , K&R HP-UX C++:

checking for cc option to accept ANSI . . .
configure: e r r o r : MySQL requires an ANSI compiler (and a C++ compiler).
Try gcc. See the I n s t a l l a t i o n chapter in the Reference Manual.
, +DD64, .
MySQL HP-UX 10.20 HPUX 11. , HP-UX 11. -
(patch level) HP-UX.
2.6.5.3. IBM-AIX
1 Autoconf, configure .
IBM:
export CC="xlc_r -ma -03 - q s t r i c t -qoptimize=3 -qmaxmem=8192 "
export CXX="xlC_r -ma -03 - q s t r i c t -qoptimize=3 -qmaxmem=8192"
export CFLAGS="-I /usr/local/include"
export LDFLAGS="-L /usr/local/lib"
export CPPFLAGS=$CFLAGS
export CXXFLAGS=$CFLAGS
2.6.
189
./configure prefix=/usr/local \
localstatedir=/var/mysql \
sysconfdir=/etc/mysql \
sbindir='/usr/local/bin' \
libexecdir='/usr/local/bin 1 \
enable-thread-safe-client \
enable-large-files
MySQL,
http://www-frec.bull.com/.
configure -03 -02, - q s t r i c t . IBM.
egcs MySQL,
-fno-exceptions, gcc/egcs . ( egcs 1.1.)
IBM, - .
configure egcs 2.95 AIX:
=" -pipe -mcpu=power -Wa,-many" \
=" -pipe -mcpu=power -Wa,-many" \
CXXFLAGS="-felide-constructors -fno-exceptions - f n o - r t t i " \
. / c o n f i g u r e p r e f i x = / u s r / l o c a l / m y s q l with-low-memory
-Wa -many . IBM
, , . , -fno-exceptions 2.95,
MySQL , , gcc/egcs.
, -=, . ,
power2, power powerpc. ,
604 604. , , power
, power2.
, , uname -m.
, 000514676700, xxyyyyyymmss,
ss - 00, - mm -
. :
http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/doc_link/en_US/a_doc_lib/cmds/aixcmds5/uname.htm
,
.
(MySQL
), , , . MySQL , :
CFLAGS=-DDONT_USE_THR_ALARM CXX=gcc \
CXXFLAGS="-felide-constructors -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti \
-DDONT_USE_THR_ALARM" \
./configure prefix=/usr/local/mysql with-debug \
with-low-memory
190
2. MySQL
MySQL, , , mysqladmin k i l l mysqladmin shutdown. .

AIX libbind.a
getservbyname (). AIX
IBM.
AIX 4.2.1 .
config.h include/my_config.h,
:
#define HAVE_SNPRINTF I
:
#undef HAVE_SNPRINTF
mysqld. initgroups ():
#ifdef _AIX41
extern "C" int initgroups(const char *,int);
tendif
mysqld , ulimit -d unlimited. mysqld_safe,
:
export LDR_CNTRL='MAXDATA=0x80000000'

http://publibl6.boulder.ibm.com/pseries/en_US/aixprggd/genprogc/
lrg_prg_support.htm.
2.6.5.4. SunOS 4
SunOS 4 MySQL MITpthreads. , GNU make.
SunOS 4
libtool.
configure:
./configure disable-shared
readline . .
mysqld "implicit
declaration of function" (" "). .
2.6.5.5. Alpha-DEC-Unix (Tru64)

eges 1.1.2 Digital Unix,
2.95.2, eges DEC .
Digital Unix -pthread , -lmach
-lexc ( -lpthread). configure :
2.6.
191
=" -pthread" CXX="cxx -pthread -0" \

./configure with-named-thread-libs="-lpthread -lmach -lexc - l c "
mysqld, , ,
:
mysqld.cc: In function void handle_connections()':

mysqld.ee:626: passing long unsigned int *' as argument 3 of
accept(int,sockadddr *, int * ) '
. ,
configure , .
, . (
SIGHUP.) ,
:
nohup mysqld [] &

nohup SIGHUP, .
mysqld_safe, mysqld, nohup. . 4.1.3.
mysys/get_opt.c,
#def ine _NO_PROTO .
Compaq CC configure:
=" -pthread 11
CFLAGS="-O4 -ansi_alias -ansi_args -fast -inline speed all -arch host"
CXX="cxx -pthread"
CXXFLAGS="-O4 -ansi_alias -ansi_args -fast -inline speed a l l \
-arch host -noexceptions - n o r t t i "
./configure \
with-low-memory \
enable-large-files \
enable-shared=yes \
with-named-thread-libs="-lpthread -lmach -lexc - l c "
gnumake
mysql
, , , :
cd mysql
/bin/sh ../libtool mode=link exx -pthread -03 -DDBUG_OFF \

-04 -ansi_alias -ansi_args -fast -inline speed \
-speculate all \ -arch host -DUNDEF_HAVE_GETHOSTBYNAME_R \
-o mysql mysql. readline.o sql_string.o completion_hash.o \
../readline/libreadline.a -leurses \
../libmysql/.libs/libmysqlclient.so -lm
cd ..
gnumake
gnumake install
scripts/mysql_install__db
2. MySQL
192
2.6.5.6. Alpha-DEC-OSF/1
DEC
, configure :
= CFLAGS=-0 = CXXFLAGS=-O3 \
casm.h, - c_asm.h:
touch include/c_asm.h
CC=gcc CFLAGS=-I./include \
CXX=gcc CXXFLAGS=-O3
, Id ,
DEC (Compaq) http://ftp.support.compaq.com/
public/unix/.
OSF/1 V4.0D , " DEC
V5.6-071 on Digital Unix V4.0 (Rev. 878)", ( asm), /bin/Id (
exit undefined mysqld). MySQL configure, /bin/Id OSF 4.0C:
CC=gcc CXX=gcc CXXFLAGS=-03 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql
Digital "C++ V6.1-029" :
= -pthread
CFLAGS=-04 -ansi_alias -ansi_args -fast -inline speed \
-speculate a l l -arch host
CXX=cxx -pthread
CXXFLAGS=-04 -ansi_alias -ansi_args -fast -inline speed \
-speculate a l l -arch host -noexceptions - n o r t t i
./configure prefix=/usr/mysql/mysql \
with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static disable-shared \
with-named-thread-libs="-lmach -lexc - l c "
OSF/1 alloca(). ,
config.h , HAVE_ALLOCA.
allocaO /usr/include/
alloca.h. , , .
configure :
with-named-threadlibs="-lpthread -lmach -lexc - l c " .
configure , :
CFLAGS=-D_PTHREAD_USE_D4 CXX=gcc CXXFLAGS=-03 . / c o n f i g u r e
...
(MySQL
), ,
. MySQL :
2.6.
193
CFLAGS=-DDONT_USE_THR_ALARM \
CXXFLAGS=-DDONT_USE_THR_ALARM \
./configure ...
MySQL, - ,
, mysqladmin k i l l mysqladmin shutdown. .
2.95.2, , :
sql_acl.cc:1456: Internal compiler error in 4scan_region',

at except.c:2566
Please submit a full bug report.
, sql ,
, -03 -00 ( -00 ,
-0 ). , , make .
2.6.5.7. SGI Irix

Irix 6.5.3 , mysqld , , CAP_SCHED_MGT (, root), mysqld :
cheap "CAP_SCHED_MGT+epi" /opt/mysql/libexec/mysqld

configure .
Irix a l l o c a ( ) . mysqld
SELECT, config.h , HAVE_ALLOC HAVE_ALLOC_H. mysqladmin c r e a t e ,
config.h , HAVE_READDIR_R.
HAVE_TERM_H.
SGI , :
http://support.sgi.com/surfzone/patches/patchset/.2_indigo.rps.html
mysqld. - :
" / u s r / i n c l u d e / c u r s e s . h " , l i n e 82: e r r o r ( 1 0 8 4 ) :
i n v a l i d combination of type
,
MySQL:
extra/replace bool cursesjDool < /usr/include/curses.h > include/curses.h

make
, .
, . ,
. 2 10 .
Irix ;
, .
2. MySQL
194
, configure :
COgcc CXX=gcc CXXFLAGS=-O3 \
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --enable-thread-safe-client \
with-named-thread-libs=-lpthread
Irix 6.5 Irix C++ 1.3.2
:
= = CFLAGS='-O3 -n32 -TARG:platform=IP22 -I/usr/local/include \
-L/usr/local/lib 1 CXXFLAGS='-03 -n32 -TARG:platform=IP22 \
-I/usr/local/include -L/usr/local/lib 1 \
./configure prefix=/usr/local/mysql with-innodb with-berkeley-db \
with-libwrap=/usr/local \
with-named-curses-libs=/usr/local/lib/libncurses.a
2.6.5.8. SCO
MySQL "sco3.2v5.0.5", "sco3.2v5.0.6"
"sco3.2v5.0.7". , "sco 3.2v4.2".
OpenServer
2.95.2. MySQL,
:
CC=gcc CXX=gcc ./configure ... [)
1. OpenServer 5.0.x gcc 2.95.2pl ,
Skunware. http://www.sco.com/skunkware/
OpenServer, FTP ftp2.caldera.com pub/skunkware/osr5/devtools/gcc.
2. GCC 2.5.x
(Development system). SCO Unix. GCC Dev system.
3. FSU Pthreads .
http://moss.esc.ncsu.edu/~mueller/ftp/pub/PART/pthreads.tar.gz.
4. FSU Pthreads SCO UNIX 4.2 tcpip,
OpenServer 3.0, Open Desktop 3.0 (OS 3.0 ODT 3.0) SCO Development System, GCC 2.5.x. ODT
OS 3.0 GCC 2.5.x. . SCO Unix Development
System. .
5. FSU Pthreads , :
1. ./configure, threads/src,
SCO OpenServer. Makefile.SC05 Makefile.
2. make.
3. /usr/include,
root, threads/src make i n s t a l l .
6. , MySQL GNU make.
2.6.
195
7. mysqld_safe root, ,
110 , mysqld .
8. SCO 3.2V5.0.5 FSU Pthreads 3.5
. 2.95.2 .
configure :
./configure prefix=/usr/local/raysql
disable-shared
9. SCO 3.2V4.2 FSU Pthreads 3.5

. configure:
CFLAGS="-D_XOPEN_XPG4" CXX=gcc CXXFLAGS="-D_XOPEN_XPG4" \
./configure \
with-named-thread-libs="-lgthreads -lsocket -lgen - I g t h r e a d s " \
with-named-curses-libs="-lcurses"
, .
SCO
http://www.mysql.com/Downloads/SCO/SCO-3.2v4.2-includes.tar.gz.
include MySQL.
SCO.
MySQL FSU Pthreads mysqld

-Igthreads -lsocket -Igthreads.
SCO FSU Pthreads. SCO

,
FSU Pthreads. FSU Pthreads OpenServer SCO .
FSU Pthreads ( , http://www.mysql.com/) GNU ma 11 .

, , gmalloc.o l i b g t h r e a d s . a
libgthreads.so.
FSU Pthreads pthread:

r e a d ( ) , w r i t e ( ) , getmsg(), connect(), a c c e p t ( ) , s e l e c t ( ) w a i t ( ) .
CSSA-2001-SCO.35.2 ( "erg711905dscrremap security patch (version 2.0.0)") FSU

mysqld . mysqld OpenServer 5.0.6, .
SCO OpenServer 5.0.x

ftp://ftp.sco.com/pub/openserver5.
SCO OpenServer 5.0.x ,

libsocket.so.2, ftp://ftp.sco.com/pub/security/OpenServer
ftp://ftp.sco.com/pub/security/sse.
OSR506. telnetd ftp://stage.caldera.com/pub/security/openserver/

ftp://stage.caldera.com/pub/security/openserver/CSSA-2001-SCO.10/;
2. MySQL
196
- l i b s o c k e t . so. 2 l i b r e s o l v . so. 1 -
OSR506. ,

MySQL.
2.6.5.9. SCO UnixWare 7.1.x
UnixWare 7.1.0 MySQL, 3.22.13,
.
MySQL UnixWare 7.1.x,
configure:
= = ./configure
prefix=/usr/local/mysql
,
2.95.2 .
= =++ ./configure
prefix=/usr/local/raysql
S C O U n i x W a r e 7.1.1 7.1.3
ftp://ftp.sco.com/pub/unixware7, OpenUNIX 8.0.0 - ftp://ftp.sco.com/pub/
openunix8.
SCO ftp://ftp.sco.com/pub/security/OpenUNIX OpenUnix
ftp://ftp.sco.com/pub/security/UnixWare UnixWare.
2.6.6. OS/2
MySQL .
CONFIG.SYS , :
SET EMXOPT=-c - - 0 2 4
, , :
File 'xxxx' not found (Errcode: 24)
MySQL OS/2 Warp 3 ,
FixPack 2.9 . OS/2 Warp 4 FixPack 4 . Pthreads. MySQL
, , HPFS, FAT32 .
INSTALL.CMD OS/2 CMD.EXE,
4OS2.EXE.
s c r i p t s / m y s q l - i n s t a l l - d b .
i n s t a l l . c m d REXX-, MySQL Workplace Shell MySQL.
, .
Pthreads.
gcc - Z d l l -Zmt - Z c r t d l l = p t h r d r t l - I . . / i n c l u d e - I . . / r e g e x - I . . \
-o example udf_example.cc - L . . / l i b - l m y s q l c l i e n t udf_example.def
mv e x a m p l e . d l l example.udf
2.7. Perl
-
197
, OS/2, UDF 8 ( ). /mysql2/udf.

- safe-mysqld.cmd BEGINLIBPATH. '
UDF- . ,
'-' .udf. , Unix example.so
:
mysql> CREATE FUNCTION metaphon RETURNS STRING SONAME ' e x a m p l e . s o ' ;
OS/2 example.udf,
:
1
mysql> CREATE FUNCTION metaphon RETURNS STRING SONAME ' e x a m p l e ;
2.6.7. BeOS
BeOS , MySQL BeOS 80%, .
2.7. Perl
Perl MySQL DBI/DBD. Perl 5.6.0
. Perl.
Perl DBI,
DBI: :mysql 1.2216 . 2.9003 .
MySQL 4.1,
DBI: :mysql 2.9003 .
MySQL 3.22.8, Perl MySQL. Unix
http://search.cpan.org, ActiveState ppm
Windows. , .
Perl MySQL , . . 6.1.4.
2.7.1. Perl Unix

Perl MySQL ,
MySQL ( ). . MySQL Linux RPM-, , RPM . RPM-, - RPM- .
, Perl, CPAN
(Copmrehensive Perl Archive Network) h t t p : //search. cpan. org.
Perl Unix CPAN. :
shell> perl -MCPAN -e shell
cpan> i n s t a l l DBI
cpan> i n s t a l l DBD::mysql
198
2. MySQL
DBD: :mysql . MySQL . , . force i n s t a l l DBD: rraysql , .

DBI Data::Dumper. , . ,
DBI.
t a r . , DBI
:
1. :
shell> gunzip < DBI-.tar.gz
| tar xvf -
DBI-.
2. :
shell> cd -
3. :
shell> perl Makefile.PL
shell> make
shell> make test
shell> make install
make t e s t , .
, DBD: :mysql,
MySQL , .
DBD::mysql ,
MySQL, , , DBI-
MySQL.
Perl , , :
http://servers.digitaldaze.com/extensions/perl/modules.htrallmodules.
"Installing New Modules that Require Locally
Installed Modules" (" , ").
2.7.2. ActiveState Perl Windows

DBD MySQL ActiveState Perl Windows, :
ActiveState Perl
ActivePerl/ .
http://www.activestate.com/Products/
(" DOS").
, , , :
set HTTP_proxy=my.proxy,com:3128
PPM:
:\> C:\perl\bin\ppm.pl
2.7. Perl
199
DBI, :
ppm> install DBI
, :
install \
ftp://ftp.de.uu.net/pub/CPAN/authors/id/JWIED/DBD-raysql-l.2212.x86.ppd
, , ActiveState Perl 5.6.
,
MyODBC MySQL ODBC:
use DBI;
$dbh= DBI->connect("DBI:ODBC:$dsn",$user,$password) ||
die " $DBI::errstr $dsn\n";
2.7.3. Perl DBI/DBD

Perl , .. /mysql/mysql. so, ,
libmysql client .so.
:
DBD: :mysql perl Makefile.PL
- s t a t i c -config perl Makefile.PL.
libmysqlclient. so ,
(, /usr/lib /lib).
-L, DBD: :mysql,
libmysqlclient .so.
Linux , libmysqlclient.so,
/etc/Id.so.conf.
, libmysqlclient.so, LDRUNPATH.
LD_LIBRARY_PATH.
, , -L, , . ,
libc, /lib, -L/usr/lib, -L/lib
.
DBD::mysql , ,
( , ):
/usr/bin/perl: can't resolve symbol ' moddi3'
/usr/bin/perl: can't resolve symbol ' divdi3'
-L/usr/lib/gcc-lib/... -lgcc
mysql.so ( make mysql.so, Perl-). -L , libgcc. a.
, Perl
MySQL , .
.
200
2. MySQL

DBD::mysql:
t/OObase
install_driver(mysql) failed:
Can't load '../blib/arch/auto/DBD/mysql/mysql.so' for module DBD::mysql:
../blib/arch/auto/DBD/mysql/mysql.so: undefined symbol:
uncompress at /usr/lib/perl5/5.00503/i586-linux/DynaLoader.pm line 169.
, -lz .
, lib/DBD/mysql/Install .pm
$sysliblist .= " -lm";
$sysliblist .= " -lm -lz";

make realclean .
DBI SCO,
Makefile DBl-xxx . , 2.95.2 :
:
CCCDLFLAGS = -KPIC -Wl,-Bexport
CCCDLFLAGS = -fpic
CCDLFLAGS = -wl,-Bexport
CCDLFLAGS =
LD = Id
LD = gee -G -fpic
LDDLFLAGS = -G -L/usr/local/lib
LDFLAGS = -belf -L/usr/local/lib
LDDLFLAGS = -L/usr/local/lib
LDFLAGS = -L/usr/local/lib
LD = Id
LD = gec -G -fpic
OPTIMISE = -Od
OPTIMISE = -01
:
CCCFLAGS = -belf -dy -wO -U M_XENIX -DPERL_SC05 -I/usr/local/include
:
CCFLAGS = -U M_XENIX -DPERL_SC05
-I/usr/local/include
, DBI, ice .
Perl , ( SCO), Perl,
DBD::mysql. ,
Perl
DBI Perl.
DBD .
SCO :
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib:/usr/progressive/lib
2.7. Perl
201
:
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib:/lib:/usr/local/lib:/usr/ccs/lib:\
/usr/progressive/lib:/usr/skunk/lib
LIBPATH=/usr/lib:/lib:/usr/local/lib:/usr/ccs/lib:\
/usr/progressive/lib:/usr/skunk/lib
MANPATH=scohelp:/usr/man:/usr/locall/man:/usr/local/man:\
/usr/skunk/man:
Perl,
DBI, , DBI, :
shell>
shell>
shell>
shell>
perl Makefile.PL -static -config

make
make install
make perl
Perl. make perl make, .

SCO make -f Makefile.aperl inst_perl MAP_TARGET=perl.
, Perl,
Perl, DBD: :mysql, , DBD: :mysql:
shell>
shell>
shell>
shell>
perl Makefile.PL -static -config

make
make install
make perl
, , Perl. -, make perl make, .
MySQL
,
MySQL AB, , .
, , , .
, ,
.
3.1. MySQL
MySQL AB :
MySQL :
mysqld - MySQL.
mysqld_saf e, mysql. server mysqldjnulti - .
mysql_install_db .
4.
, :
mysql - , SQL .
mysql (MySQL Control Center - MySQL) SQL-
.
mysqladmin - .
mysql check .
mysqldump mysqlhotcopy - .
mysqlimport .
mysql show .
7.
3.2. MySQL-
203
, :
myisamchk .
myisampack , .
mysqlbinlog - .
perror .
myisamchk
7.
4,
MySQL
, . (,
Windows .) RPM-, :
RPM- , RPM- .
2, MySQL .
, - .
3.2. MySQL-
MySQL ( ), ,
, , , . ,
. "shell>"
. , , . : $
sh bash, % csh tcsh :\> command.com cmd.exe Windows.
shell>
shell>
shell>
shell>
mysql test
mysqladmin extended-status variables
mysqlshow help
mysqldump user=root personnel
, '-', .
, , , . 3.3.
, ( ' - ' ) , . , mysql ( ) ;
, mysql t e s t ,
t e s t .
, , , .
. host, user password, . (),
MySQL,
MySQL. MySQL -
204
3. MySQL
, ,
.
MySQL bin, . ,
"program not found" (" ")
MySQL , bin.
bin PATH. , , , .
PATH , , , .
3.3.
MySQL:
, . , .
,
. , , .
.
, , , . (
4.9.2 , : , TCP/IP-
Unix- .)
MySQL , .
, ,
. ,
, - .

MySQL :
, , ,
.
3.3.1.
:
.
('-' ' ' ) ,
, . . , -? help
, MySQL .
3.3.
205
. -v -V
, ( --verbose
version ).
, . , -h localhost --host=localhost
MySQL. , MySQL.
, ,
'='.
, , , (-hlocalhost -h localhost ).
MySQL.
password=3Ha<jeHne_napcui# --password.
( ), .
-_ -.
,
.
, ,
- . :
shell> mysql -ptest
shell> mysql -p test
mysql t e s t ,
. mysql
, a t e s t .
MySQL 4.0 . MySQL 4.O.2. ,

"enabled" ("") "disabled" (""),
, MySQL
. . .
3.3.4.
, . , mysql column-names,
, .
.
, , mysql , , .
column-names :
disable-column-names
skip-column-names
column-names=0
206
3. MySQL
-disable -skip, =0
- .
:
column-names
enable-column-names
column-names=l
, ,
MySQL 4.0, ,
loose. , ,
, ,
:
shell> mysql loose-no-such-option

mysql: WARNING: unknown option 'no-such-option'
mysql: : ' no-such-option'
loose ,
MySQL , ,
, 4.0.2. ,
. ,
, --loose ( loose ).
, , . , MySQL 4.0.2 ,
--loose.
3.3.2.
MySQL (
" ").
,
. , MySQL 3.22.
, , : myisamchk,
myisampack, mysql, mysql.server, mysqladmin, mysqlbinlog, mysqlcc, mysqlcheck, mysqld,
mysqld_safe, mysqldump, mysqlhotcopy, mysqlimport mysqlshow.
Windows MySQL :

KATAJIOr_WINDOWS\my. i n i
: \my. cnf
.
.
KATAJlor_WlNDOWS Windows.
C:\Windows C:\WinNT. , :
:\> echo %WINDIR%
Unix MySQL :
3.3.
207
/etc/ray.cnf
_/. c n f
defaults-extra-file
, defaults-extra-f=,
.
.
~ /. my. enf
_ MySQL.
/usr/local/mysql/data /usr/local/var - .
, , , , datadir mysqld.
datadir , ,
, .
MySQL , , . , , , ,
, , .
, MySQL, .
, help.
, , ,
, ,
.
, quick host=localhost, quick host=localhost. loose-_ 1 se-^.
,
:

;
'#' ' ; ' . MySQL 4.0.14
'#' .
[)
- , .
_ set-variable .
_
_ .
_ =
_= .
'=' ,
. MySQL 4.0.16, , . , '#' .
208
3. MySQL
set-variable = _=
_.
1=_= . '=',
. MySQL 4.0,
. 3.3.4.
. , , , ,

: *\b\ ' \ t ' , '\n\ '\', '\\' '\s\
Windows
7 \ '\\ *\\ , '\\\
' \' MySQL .
, ,
, .
[client] ( mysqld).
, .
, [client] , ,
. ( ,
,
.) [client], , . ,
, , .
MySQL 4.0.14, ,
mysqld,
[mysqld-4.0], [mysqld-4.1 ] . , new MySQL 4.0.x:
[mysqld-4.]
new
:
[client]
port=3306
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
port=3306
key_buffer_size=16M
max_allowed_packet=8M
[mysqldump]
quick
_= ,
key_buffer_size max_allowed_packet.
3.3.
209
, MySQL 4.0.2,
set-variable ( ).
:
[client]
# MySQL
password="my_password"
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
set-variable = connect_timeout=2
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
connect_timeout
set-variable. MySQL 4.0.2,
connect_timeout=2.
,
my-xxxx.cnf support-files. , support-files MySQL (
C:\mysql Windows, /usr/local/mysql Unix).
, , . , C:\my.cnf (Windows)
. my. cnf (Unix).
$ !
. Windows .cnf .
MySQL, , :
no-defaults. He .
print-defaults. , .
defaults-file=HM#_nyTH. . _ . ^
--defaults-extra-file=HM#_nyTn.
, . _ -
.
,
, print-defaults, defaults-file defaults-extra-file.
m y p r i n t d e f a u l t s .
, [client] [mysql]:
shell> myj?rint_defaults client mysql
~port=3306
no-auto-rehash
3. MySQL
210
.
IE
|
||
%'t
jf
. ( , COOT ) , .
, , . C++, , , , . MySQL, ,
.
MySQL ,
.
Perl Python.
.
3.3.3.

, , , . , Windows NetWare MySQL USER. :
SET USER=_
Unix . , TCP/IP MYSQL__TCP_PORT.
Bourne (sh, bash, zsh ) :
MYSQLJTCP_PORT=3306
c s h n t c s h :
setenv MYSQL_TCP_PORT 3306

, .
. ,
, . : AUTOEXEC.BAT ( Windows),
.bash_profile ( bash) .tcshrc ( tcsh).
.
, MySQL.
3.3.4.

MySQL ,
. MySQL 4.0.2, , ,
. , mysql max_allowed_packet,
3.3.
211
.
mysql 16 , :
shell> mysql --max_allowed_packet=16777216
shell> mysql max_allowed_packet=16M
, - .
, G ( , ), - , .
:
[mysql]
max_allowed_packet=16777216
:
[mysql]
max_allowed_packet=l6M
('_')
('-').
, MySQL 4.0.2, .
set-variable:
shell> mysql
shell> mysql
~set-variable=max__allowed_packet=16777216
set-variable=max_allowedjpacket=16M
('--') :
[mysql]
set-variable = max_allowed_packet=16777216
:
[mysql]
set-variable = max_allowed_packet=16M
MySQL, 4.0.2, --set-variable
.
set-variable - MySQL 4.0.2 ,
.
.
4.23.2.

fcrf , ^ MySQL, - , .
41. MySQL
MySQL - mysqld - , MySQL.
, MySQL ,
.
,
.
4.2.
4.1.1.
MySQL . help,
. ,
mysqld help.
,
(. 3.3).
MySQL- :
mysqld. SQL ( MySQL).
, mysqld ,
. . 4.2.
mysqld-max. ,
. . 4.1.2.
4.1. MySQL
213
mysqld_safe. . mysqld_safe
mysqld-max, , mysqld. .
4.1.3.
mysql. server. . ,
, , . mysqld_safe
MySQL-. . 4.1.4.
mysqldmulti. , , . . 4.1.5.
mysql_install_db. MySQL . - MySQL .
mysql_fix_privilege_tables. ,
MySQL.
, :
myisamchk. , , , My ISAM. 4.6.2.
make_binary_distribution. MySQL. MySQL
FTP /pub/mysql/upload
ftp.mysql.com.
mysqlbug. , MySQL.
. (
h t t p : //bugs .mysql.com/.)
4.1.2. MySQL- mysqld-max

MySQL- - MySQL- mysqld, .
:
Windows. MySQL
(mysqld.exe), MySQL-Max (mysqld-max.exe),
. Windows, http://dev.mysql.com/
downloads/mysql-4.0.html. . 2.2.1.
Linux. MySQL RPM RPM- MySQL-server
mysqld. , RPM- MySQL-Max,
mysqld-max. RPM- MySQL-Max , RPM-
. ,
Linux RPM, 2.2.2.
214
4.
MySQL-Max , mysqld, .
MySQL-Max Web- MySQL AB
http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql-max-4..html.
MySQL AB MySQL-Max
:
with-server-suf f ix=-max. -max mysqld.
with-innodb.
innoDB. MySQL-Max innoDB,
MySQL 3.23. MySQL 4, InnoDB ,
InnoDB MySQL-Max .
with-bdb. Berkley
DB (BDB).
CFLAGS=-DUSE_SYMDIR.
Windows.
MySQL-Max , . -, , MySQL-Max.
MySQL-Max BDB (Berkeley DB) ,
, BDB. , MySQL-Max, .
BDB
AIX 4.3
HP-UX 11.0
Linux-Alpha
Linux-IA-64
Linux-Intel
Mac OS X
NetWare
SCO OSR5
Solaris-Intel
Solaris-SPARC
UnixWare
Windows/NT
, ,
:
mysql> SHOW ENGINES;
4.1. MySQL
215
, MySQL 4.1.2 SHOW ENGINES . , :

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE havejk 1 ;
I
+
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Variable_name
| Value
|
+
+
have_bdb
| NO
I
have_crypt
| YES
|
have_innodb
| YES
|
have_isam
| NO
|
have_raid
| NO
|
have_symlink
| DISABLED |
have_openssl
| NO
|
have_query_cache | YES
|
YES
N0
DISABLED
, .
N0 , ,
.
DISABLED , , , , ,
. _.
, .
, DISABLED, InnoDB M y S Q L 3.23. M y S Q L 3.23
InnoDB , ,
innodb_data_f i l e _ p a t h . InnoDB . . 9.3. BDB , , BDB . . 8.4.3.
, DISABLED InnoDB, BDB ISAM ,
, s k i p - i n n o d b , s k i p - b d b s k i p i s a m .
3.23, M y S Q L My ISAM, My ISAM .
4.1.3. mysqldsafe
mysqld_safe mysqld
Unix NetWare. mysqld_safe
, -
4.
216
.
NetWare , .
: !
, MySQL 4.0, mysqld_saf e safe_mysqld.
/', MySQL
s a f e j n y s q l d mysqld_saf.
mysqld_safe
mysqld-max, ; mysqld. :
Linux mysqld_safe MySQL-Max
RPM. RPM mysqld-max,
mysqldsafe .
MySQL-Max, mysqld-max,
MySQL , Max, mysqld_safe
- mysqld-max.

mysqld-max; , mysqld_safe
mysqld.
, , mysqldsafe mysqld mysqld-version.
mysqld_safe mysqld (.
4.2.1).
, mysqldsafe , mysqld. ,
mysqldsafe, mysqld,
. [mysqld_safe] . .
3.3.2.
mysqld_safe [mysqld], [server] [mysqld_safe]
. [safejnysqld],
MySQL 4.0
[mysqld_safe].
mysqldsaf e :
basedi=. MySQL.
core-f ile-size=pa3Mep. , mysqld . ulimit -.
datadi r=. .
defaults-extra-file=. , , .
defaults-file=nyTb. ,
.
-1=. log-error, ,
MySQL 4.O.
4.1. MySQL
217
111=. , mysqld. .
1-=. . . 4.8.1.
mysqld=nNM_nporpaMMbi. ( ledir),
.
--mysqld-versio=cyc. mysqld,
. ,
mysqld. , --mysqld-version=max
mysqld_safe mysqld-max l e d i r .
mysqld-version , mysqld_safe mysqld
ledir.
nice=. nice .
no-defaults. He .
open-files-limit=KcwjwecTBo. , mysqld. ulimit -n. ,
mysqld_safe (root) .
pid-f =. .
--port=HOMep_nopTa. , TCP/IP-.
socket=nyTb. Unix-, .
--timezone=3OHa. TZ. .
user={_ \ _}.
mysqld _ _. ("" , MySQL,
.)
mysqld_saf e , , MySQL, , ,
. (. 2.1.5.) mysqld_safe
:
, mysqldsafe.
mysqld_safe bin data. mysqldsafe libexec var. , mysqld_saf e MySQL (,
/usr /local /mysql).
218
4.
, mysqldsafe ,
/usr/local/libexec /usr/local/var.
,
. , MySQL ,
.
mysqld_safe
, MySQL
, mysqld_safe
MySQL:
shell> cd __1
shell> bin/mysqld_safe &
mysqld_safe MySQL,
ledir -datadir, , .
mysqld_safe . mysqldsafe
[mysqld_safe] my.cnf. mysqld_saf e . ,
MySQL, mysqld_safe . , , .
NetWare mysqld_safe - NLM,
Unix; :
1. .
2. My ISAM ISAM.
3. MySQL.
4. mysqld, , .
5. mysqld _.,
.
6. mysqld_safe ^. err,
.
4.1.4. mysql.server
MySQL Unix mysql.server.
, Linux Solaris, System V . , Mac OS Startup Item
MySQL.
mysql.server support-files MySQL
MySQL.
RPM- Linux (MySQL-server-.),
mysql. server /etc/init .d mysql. -
4.1. MySQL
219
. RPM-
Linux 2.2.2.
RPM- ,
, mysqld.
MySQL , mysql. server ,
mysql. server .
2.4.3.
mysql.server [mysql.server] [mysqld]
. [mysql_server],
MySQL 4.0
[mysql.server].
4.1.5. mysqld_multi
MySQL-
mysqldjnulti
mysqld, Unix- TCP/IP-.

.
[mysqld#] my.cnf ( , conf ig-f ile). # - . , GNR.

mysqldmulti, , , , . , , -
, [mysqld] mysqld. (. 2.4.3.) ,
, Unix -.
,
, 4.9.
mysqldjnulti :
shell> mysqldjnulti [] {start|stop|report}
[GNR[fGNR]...]
s t a r t , stop report , . ,
GNR, .
GNR .
.
, GNR [mysqldl7] 17.
,
. GNR 10-13 OT[mysqldlO] [mysqldl3]. , . GNR ( ); .
,
[mysqldl7]:
shell> mysqld__multi start 17
220
4.
,
[mysql8] [mysqldlO] [mysqldl3]:
shell> mysqldjnulti start 8,10-13

, :
shell> mysqldjnulti example
, mysqldjnulti.
--config-file=HM#. .
, mysqldjnulti [mysqld#].
, my.cnf.
, mysqldjnulti ,
[mysqldjnulti] my. cnf.
example. .
help. .
1=. . ,
.
mysqladmin=HM#_nporpaMMb/. mysqladmin, .
{=_. mysqld, . ,
mysqld_saf . , PATH , mysqld,
mysqld_saf .
--no-log. stdout, . .
password=napcwb. MySQL, mysqladmin. ,
, MySQL-, .
tcp-ip. MySQL TCP/IP-, Unix. ( - , TCP/IP.)

Unix. stop report.
=_. MySQL, mysqladmin.
version. .
mysqldjnulti.
, MySQL,
mysqld ( mysqladmin)
. SHUTDOWN.

, ,
4.1. MySQL
221
. , multi_adrain,
:
shell> mysql -u root -S /tmp/mysql.sock --_
mysql> GRANT SHUTDOWN ON *.*
-> TO 'multiâdmin'e'localhost1 IDENTIFIED BY 'multipass1;
. 4.4.2. mysqld.
. , - multiadmin , mysqldjnulti.
pid-file mysqld_safe mysqld (, mysqld=mysqld_safe). mysqld
.
mysqld_safe mysqld , mysqld_safe ""
mysqld , , k i l l -9, , .
, mysqld_safe
. , mysqldjnulti . mysqld_safe. ,
:
MY_PWD=4pwd4
# Check if we are starting this relative (for the binary release)
# , ( )
if test -d $MY_PWD/data/mysql -a -f ./share/mysql/english/errmsg.sys -a \
-x ./bin/mysqld
. 4.1.. , ,
, , .
Unix TCP/IP-
mysqld.
user mysqld,
mysqldjnulti (root) Unix. ;
, mysqld
Unix.
1 !
! , Unix, ^ mysqld. , r o o t Unix.
m y s q l d j n u l t i ,
, mysqld, ,
mysqld. He mysqld
. ,
- . . . 4.9.
222
4.
, mysqld_multi.
[mysqld#] , "" . . ,
.
#
# (~/.my.cnf) /etc/my.cnf
# 2.1 (Jani Tolonen)
[mysqld_multi]
mysqld
= /usr/local/bin/mysqld_safe
mysqladmin = /usr/local/bin/mysqladmin
user
= multi_admin
password = multipass
[mysqld2]
socket
port
pid-file
datadir
language
user
[mysqld3]
socket
port
pid-file
datadir
language
user
=
=
=
=
=
/tmp/mysql.sock2
3307
/usr/local/mysql/var2/hostname.pid2
/usr/local/mysql/var2
/usr/local/share/mysql/english
= John
=
=
=
=
=
=
/tmp/mysql.sock3
3308
/usr/local/share/mysql/swedish
monty
[mysqld4]
socket
port
pid-file
datadir
language
user
= /tmp/mysql.sock4
=
=
=
=
=
3309
/usr/local/share/mysql/estonia
tonu
[mysqld6]
socket
= /tmp/mysql.sock6
port
= 3311
pid-file
datadir
language
user
=
=
=
=
/usr/local/share/mysql/japanese
jani
. ..2.
4.2. MySQL
223
4.2. MySQL
, MySQL:
.
SQL .
.
.
4.2.1. mysqld
mysqld ,
, 3.3.
. , . - (. 3.3.2).
mysqld [mysqld] [server], a mysqld_safe -
[mysqld], [server], [mysqld_safe] [safejnysqld]. mysql.server
[mysqld] [mysql.server. MySQL [server], [embedded] [xxxxx_SERVER], - , .
mysqld . , mysqld help. , MySQL 4.1.1, --help
. MySQL 4.1.1, ; :
mysqld verbose help
. .
, - . 4.3.3.
, SSL - . 4.5.7.5.
- . 4.8.4.
, - . 5.8.
, My ISAM, BDB InnoDB - .
8.1.1, 8.4.3 9.5.
, .
help, -?. . , MySQL 4.1.1, help , 4.1.1. - .
, verbose help.
ansi. SQL MySQL.

. 1.8.3. SQL
--ansi sql-mode.
224
4.
basedi =, - . MySQL.
.
big-tables. ,
. "table full" (" "), , (in-memory) . MySQL 3.23.2
, ,
, .
bind-address=IP. IP- .
--console. s t d e r r / s t d o u t ,
log-error. Windows mysqld .
character-sets-dir=nyTb. , . .
4.7.1.
~chroot=nyTb. mysqld ,
chroot ().
, MySQL 4.O. ( MySQL 3.23
chroot ().) , LOAD DATA INFILE
SELECT...INTO OUTFILE.
c o r e - f i l e . mysqld.
raysqld_safe c o r e - f i l e - s i z e . .
4.1.3. , , Solaris,
, user-option.
datadir=nyrb, -h . .
debug [=__], -# [_]. MySQL

--with-debug,
mysqld . _
: ' d: t : , _'.
default-character-set=Ha6op_CHMBCxtfOB. _ . . 4.7.1.
default-collation=coocaee. . , MySQL 4.1.1. .

4.7.1.
default-storage-engine=Tnn. defaulttable-type. , MySQL 4.I.2.
--def ault-table-type=THn. . . 8.
delay-key-write [= OFF | ON | ALL]. , DELAYED KEYS.

My ISAM. OFF . ON ,
DELAYED KEYS. ALL -
4.2. MySQL
225
My ISAM. ,
MySQL 4.0.3. . 6.5.2, 8.1.1.
\ !
V"
%, ALL, My ISAM % (, MySQL myisamchik), f , , .
delay-key-write-for-all-tables.
delay-key-write=ALL, , MySQL 4.O.3. MySQL
4.0.3, delay-key-write.
--des-key-file=HM#_$awia. ,
DES_ENCRYPT () DES_DESCRYPT ().
enable-named-pipe. .
Windows NT/200/XP
mysqld-nt mysqld-max-nt,
.
external-locking. . , , lockd (, Linux), mysqld. enable-locking.
|! !
\"
ft
\,
1
2
My ISAM
MySQL, , :
, , , .
delay-key-write=ALL
DELAY_KEY_WRITE=1.
I'
- e x t e r n a l - l o c k i n g
delay-key-write=OFF query-cache-size=O.
f ( ,
J;: .)
exit-info[=], - []. , mysqld. He ,

, , !
flush. SQL- . MySQL SQL .

. .4.2.
init-file=. SQL- .
.
1=_, -L _.
. _
, . .
4.7.2.
226
4.
log[=], -1 []. . . 4.8.2. , MySQL

_.1.
log-bin= [ ]. . ,
, . . . 4.8.4. , MySQL
_-.
log-bin-index [=]. . .
4.8.4. , MySQL
_-. index.
log-error [=]. .
. 4.8.1. , MySQL _. err.
log-isam[=]. ISAM/MylSAM ( ISAM/My ISAM).
log-long-format. ( , , , , ). , .
log-slow-queries log-long-format, , , . , --log-long-format ; MySQL 4.1
log-short-format ( 4.1 ). , , MySQL
4.1, log-queries-not-using-indexes, ,
, .
log-queries-not-using-indexes.
log-slow-queries, , ,
. , MySQL 4.1. . 4.8.5.
log-short-format.
( , ,
, , ). ,
. MySQL 4.1.
log-slow-queries [=]. ,
, , , long_query_time. .
4.8.5. ,
MySQL 4.1 . log-long-format log-short-format.
--log-update[=]. ., # - , . . 4.8.3. , MySQL 5.0.0 ,

(log-bin). . 4.8.4.
4.2. MySQL
227
5.0.0, log-update .
log-warnings, -W. , Aborted connect i o n . . . (" ") .

, , ( , , ,
). MySQL 4.1.2 ;
, --skip-log-warnings. . .2.10. MySQL 4.0 warnings.
l o w - p r i o r i t y - u p d a t e s .
(INSERT/DELETE/UPDATE) ,
SELECT. {INSERT | REPLACE | DELETE | UPDATE}
LOW_PRIORITY . . . , ,
SET LOW_PRIORITY_UPDATES=1, . .
6.3.2.
memlock. mysqld . , Solaris, mlockall ().

, mysqld . ,
(root) , .
myisam-recover
[-[, ...]]].

My ISAM. DEFAULT,
BACKUP, FORCE QUICK. ,
. ,
"". myisam-recover , mysqld , , ( ,
--skip-external-locking). mysqld . , mysqld .
:
DEFAULT
To , ,
myisam-recover.
BACKUP
_ . MYD ,
__-- ..
FORCE
,
. MYD.
QUICK
M y S Q L
.
, -
228
4.
BACKUP FORCE.
, ,
, , .
, MySQL 3.23.25.
new. 4.0.12, --new , 4.1,

4.0 4.1:
TIMESTAMP ' YYYY-MM-DD HH :MM: SS'.
MySQL 4.1
4.1.
pid-file=nyTb. ,
mysqld_safe.
t=HOMep__nopTa, -P _. , -.
--old-protocol, -. 3.20
. . 2.5.6.
one-thread. ( Linux). , .
--open-files-limit=KOffH4ecTBO. , mysqld.
0, mysqld , setrlimit (). 0, mysqld max_connections*5
max_connections + table_cache*2 ( ). , mysqld "Too many open files"
(" ").
safe-mode. .
safe-show-database. SHOW DATABASES

,
. MySQL 4.0.2 - ( ),
SHOW DATABASES, ,
. . 4.4.3.
safe-user-create. ,
GRANT,
INSERT mysql. user .
secure-auth. ,
( 4.1) . , MySQL
4.1.1.
skip-bdb. BDB.
.
, BDB.
4.2. MySQL
229
skip-concurrent-insert.
My ISAM. ( ,
, .)
skip-delay-key-write. DELAY_KEY_WRITE. MySQL 4.0.3, delay-key-write=

OFF. . 6.5.2.
skip-external-locking. He . isamchik myisamchk . .

1.2.3. MySQL 3.23 CHECK TABLE REPAIR TABLE
My ISAM.
skip-locking.
skip-grant-tables. .
! ( ,
, mysldadmin flush-privileges
mysqladmin reload, FLUSH PRIVILEGES.)
skip-host-cache. He IP-. DNS-

, . . 6.5.5.
skip-innodb. innoDB.
. , InnoDB.
skip-is am. ISAM. MySQL 4.1 ISAM , , ISAM. MySQL 4.1.1.
skip-name-resolve. . IP-.
Host
IP- localhost. . 6.5.5.
--skip-networking. He TCP/IP- .
mysqld (Windows)
Unix (Unix). ,
. . 6.5.5.
skip-new. He , , .
--skip-symlink. skip-symbolic-links, , MySQL 4.0.13.
--symbolic-links, --skip-symbolic-links.
. - Windows
Unix:
Windows
directory.sym, . . 6.6.1.3.
230
4.
Unix My ISAM
INDEX DIRECTORY DATA DIRECTORY CREATE TABLE. , , . MySQL 4.0.13.
skip-safemalloc. MySQL with-debug=full,

MySQL-
.
, , , , skip-safemalloc.
skip-show-database. SHOW DATABASES

, SHOW DATABASES,
. SHOW DATABASES ,
, SHOW DATABASES - .
--skip-stack-trace. .
mysqld . .
skip-thread-priority.
.
socket=nyTb. Unix Unix,

.
/tmp/mysql.sock. Windows , . MySQL.
1 - ( 1 = [, [, ...]].
S Q L -
MySQL. . 4.2.2. MySQL 3.23.41.
temp-pool. ,
. Linux,

. Linux ,
, .
transaction-isolation=ypoBeHb. : READ-UNCOMMITTED, READ-COMMITTED, REPEATABLE-READ

SERIALIZABLE.
--tmpdir=nyib, -t . , . , /tmp , , . MySQL 4.1,

, . ( V ) Unix (';') Windows, NetWare
OS/2. MySQL ,
tmpdir ,
4.2. MySQL
231
, , , . , ,
LOAD DATA INFILE.
, .
user= {_ | _}, - {_
I _). mysqld
_ _. ("" , MySQL,
.)
mysqld
(root) .
, ,
root. . 4.3.1.
MySQL 3.23.56 4.0.12,
, user=root my.cnf ( root), mysqld user ,
. /etc/my, cnf _ / my.cnf
,
user /etc/my.cnf , root.
/etc/my, cnf --user, ,
(root), , user.
version, -V. .
_= . , key_buffer_size=32M key_buf f er_size 32 .

, MySQL , ,
,
.
set-variable=
_= -0 _=. MySQL
4.0 .
4.2.3. 6.5.2, , .

SET.
, SET,
maximum-_, . ,
query_cache_size 32 ,
232
4.
maximum-query_cache_size=32. , MySQL 4.O.2.
42.2. SQL
MySQL SQL ( MySQL 4.1)
.
.
, SQL- MySQL ,
.
MySQL .
SQL , mysqld sql-mode=
"". MySQL 4.1, ,
1
sqljnode SET [SESSION|GLOBAL] sql_mode=' .
GLOBAL
. SESSION , modes , (',').
SELECT @@sqljnode. - (
).
(sql-mode=""), .
:
ANSI_QUOTES. ' " ' (.. ' s ' ) , . - ' '

ANSI. ANSI_QUOTES, , . ( MySQL 4.O.O.)
IGNORE_SPACE. '('
,
. , , ,
. , USERO,
user mysql User * :
SELECT "User" FROM mysql."user";
( MySQL 4.0.0.)
NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO. NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO
AUTO_INCREMENT.
NULL 0. NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO 0, NULL . , 0 AUTO_INCREMENT . ( .) , mysqldump
MySQL , 0, , . NOAUTOVALUEONZERO
. MySQL 4.1.1,
4.2. MySQL
233
mysqldump
NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO. ( MySQL 4.O.O.)
NO_DIR_IN_CREATE. INDEX
DIRECTORY DATA DIRECTORY. . ( MySQL 4.0.15.)
NO_FIELD_OPTIONS. He MySQL SHOW CREATE TABLE. mysqlddump . ( MySQL 4.1.1.)
NO_KEY_OPTIONS. He MySQL
SHOW CREATE TABLE. mysqlddump .
( MySQL 4.1.1.)
NO_TABLE_OPTIONS. He MySQL-
SHOW CREATE TABLE. mysqlddump .
( MySQL 4.1.1.)
NO_UNSIGNED_SUBTRACTION.
UNSIGNED, . ,
, UNSIGNED BIGINT 100%
. ( MySQL 4.O.2.)
ONLYFULLGROUPBY. , GROUP BY , . ( MySQL 4.O.O.)
PIPES_AS_CONCAT. | | (
CONTACT ()), OR. ( MySQL 4.O.O.)
REAL_AS_FLOAT. REAL FLOAT, DOUBLE.

( MySQL 4.O.O.)
. ,
MySQL 4.1.1.
ANSI. REAL_AS_FLOAT, PIPES_AS__CONCAT, ANSI_QUOTES, IGNORE_SPACE,

ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY. . 1.8.3.
DB2. PIPES_AS_CONCAT, ANSI_QUOTES, IGNORE_SPACE, NO_KEY_OPTIONS,

NO_TABLE_OPTIONS, NO_FIELD_OPTIONS.
MAXDB. PIPES_AS_CONCAT, ANSI_QUOTES, IGNORE_SPACE, NO_KEY_OPTIONS,

MSSQL. PIPES_AS_CONCAT, ANSI_QUOTES, IGNORE_SPACE, NO_KEY_OPTIONS,

MYSQL323. NO_FIELD_OPTIONS.
MYSQL40. NO_FIELD_OPTIONS.
ORACLE. PIPES_AS_CONCAT, ANSI_QUOTES, IGNORE_SPACE, NO_KEY_OPTIONS,

POSTGRESQL. PIPES_AS_CONCAT,
ANSI_QUOTES,
NO KEY OPTIONS, NO TABLE OPTIONS, NO_FIELD OPTIONS.
IGNORE_SPACE,
234
4.
4.2.3.
, . . , . SET.
MySQL 4.0.3, mysqld . .
, .
. , .
, , ,
SET GLOBAL _. , SUPER.
. , .
, ,
SET SESSION _. , , - .
, .
, , , . ( ,
SET GLOBAL) .

, G , , , . , ,
16 :
mysqld key_buffer_size=16M
, MySQL 4.0, :
mysqld
set-variable=key_buffer_size=16M
: 16 16 .

SET. , :
mysql> SET sort_buffer_size = 10 * 1024 * 1024;
, - GLOBAL SESSION:
mysql> SET GLOBAL sortjbuffer_size = 10 * 1024 * 1024;
mysql> SET SESSION sort_buffer_size = 10 * 1024 * 1024;
4.2. MySQL
235
, , .
, ,
4.2.3.1.2.
, SET,
maximum-_, . ,
query_cache_size 32 ,
maximum-query_cache_size=32.
MySQL 4.O.2.

SHOW VARIABLES. 4.2.3.1.
m y s q l > SHOW VARIABLES;
Variable name
back log
basedir
bdb cache size
bdb home
bdb_log_buffer_size
bdb logdir
bdb max lock
bdb shared data
bdb tmpdir
bdb version
I binlog cache size
I bulk insert buffer size
I character_set
I character sets
| concurrent insert
I connect timeout
I convert character_set
I datadir
I default week format
I delay key write
I delayed insert limit
I delayed insert timeout
I delayed queue size
I flush
| flush_time
I ft boolean syntax
| ft max word len
| ft min word len
| ft query expansion limit
I ft stopword file
I have bdb
1 have innodb
Value
50
/usr/local/mysql
8388572
/usr/local/mysql
32768
|
|
|
|
|
10000
OFF
/tmp/
Sleepycat Software: ...
32768
8388608
latinl
latinl big5 czech euc kr
ON
~
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/usr/local/mysql/data/
0
ON
100
300
I
I
1
|
1000
OFF
0
+ -><()~*:""&|
I 84
14
I20
I (built-in)
YES
I YES
4.
236
have_isam
have openssl
have query cache
have_raid
have symlink
init file
innodb additional mem pool size
1 innodb_bufferj?ool_size
I innodb data file path
I innodb data home_dir
I innodb fast shutdown
I innodb file io threads
I innodb flush log at trx commit
I innodb flush method
I innodb force recovery
I innodb lock wait timeout
I innodb_log_arch_dir
I innodb log archive
I innodb log buffer size
I innodb log file size
I innodb log files in group
I innodb_log_group_home dir
I innodb mirrored log groups
I innodb thread concurrency
I interactive timeout
1 join buffer size
I key buffer size
I key cache age threshold
I key_cache_block_size
I key cache division limit
I language
I large_files support
I local infile
I locked in memory
1 log
I log bin
I log_slave updates
log_slow_queries
log_update
I log warnings
I long query time
I low_priority__updates
I lower case table names
I max allowed packet
I max binlog cache size
I max binlog size
I max connect errors
I max connections
max delayed threads
I YES
YES
YES
NO
DISABLED
1048576
8388608
ibdatal:10M:autoextend
ON
4
1
0
50
OFF
1048576
5242880
2
./
1
8
28800
131072
16773120
I 300
1024
I 100
/usr/local/mysql/share/
ON
I ON
I OFF
I OFF
| OFF
I OFF
I OFF
| OFF
I OFF
1 io
I OFF
I 1047552
I 4294967295
I 1073741824
1 io
I 100
I 20
4.2. MySQL
max error count
max heap table size
max join size
max relay log size
max sort length
max tmp tables
max user connections
max write lock count
myisam max extra sort file size
myisam max sort file size
myisam recover options
myisam repair threads
myisam sort buffer size
net buffer length
net read timeout
net retry count
net write timeout
open files limit
pid file
port
protocol version
query_cache_limit
query cache size
query cache_type
read buffer size
read rnd buffer size
rpl recovery rank
server id
skip external_locking
skip networking
skip show database
slave net timeout
slow launch time
socket
sort buffer size
sqljnode
table cache
table_type
thread cache_size
thread stack
timezone
tmp table size
tmpdir
I tx isolation
I version
I wait timeout
237
64
16777216
4294967295
0
1024
32
0
4294967295
268435456
2147483647
force
1
8388608
16384
30
10
60
1024
/usr/local/mysql/name.pid
3306
10
1048576
0
ON
131072
262144
0
0
ON
OFF
OFF
3600
2
/tmp/mysql.sock
2097116
64
MYISAM
3
| 131072
EEST
I 33554432
/tmp/:/mnt/hd2/tmp/
I READ-COMMITTED
I 4.0.4-beta
I 28800
238
4.
. ,
, , , MySQL 3.22.
InnoDB 9.5.
, -.
6.5.2.
ansijnode. ON (), mysqld

ansi. . 1.8.3. MySQL 3.23.6 3.23.41. sql-mode.
backlog. ,
MySQL. " ",
MySQL- . (
) , . back_log , , MySQL
. ,
.
, -
TCP/IP-. . Unix, , l i s t e n ( ) , .
.
backlog, , .
basedir. MySQL. --basedir.
bdb_cache_size. ,
BDB-. BDB , mysqld
--skip-bdb, .
bdb_cache_size MySQL 3.23.14.
bdbhome. BDB.
, datadir. bdbhome
MySQL 3.23.14.
bdb_log_buffer_size. ,
BDB. BDB ,
0 mysqld skip-bdb,
. bdb_log_buf fer_size MySQL 3.23.14.
bdblogdir. , BDB .
bdb-logdir. MySQL 3.23.14.
bdb_max_lock.
BDB ( - 10 000). ,
, , -
4.2. MySQL
239
mysqld ,
:
bdb: Lock table is out of available locks
Got error 12 from . . .
bdb:
12 . . .
bdb_max_lock MySQL 3.23.29.
bdb_shared_data. ON (), bdbshared-data. MySQL 3.23.29.
bdbtmpdir. --bdb-tmpdir.
MySQL 3.23.14.
bdb_version. BDB. MySQL 3.23.31.

binlog_cache_size. , SQL- . , , MySQL 4.1.2, ( log-bin).
,
, . b i n l o g c a c h e s i z e Binlog_cache_use Binlog_cache_disk_use.
MySQL 3.23.29. . 4.8.4.
bulk_insert_buffer_size. MylSAM
INSERT.. .SELECT, INSERT...
VALUES ( . . . ) , ( . . . ) , . . . LOAD DATA INFILE.
. 0 .
'/" !
;
;
';
, . 8 . MySQL 4.O.3.
m y i s a m _ b u l k _ i n s e r t _ t r e e _ s i z e .
character_set. .
MySQL 3.23.3, MySQL 4.1.1 character_set_xxx.
character_set_client. , . MySQL 4.1.1.
character_set_connection. , ,
( ) . MySQL 4.1.1.
character_set_database. , . ,
. ,
, character_set_server.
MySQL 4.1.1.
240
4.
c h a r a c t e r s e t r e s u l t s . , . MySQL 4.1.1.
character_set_server. .
MySQL 4.1.1.
character_set_system. ,
. utf 8.
MySQL 4.1.1.
character_sets. . MySQL 3.23.15.

collation_connection. . MySQL 4.1.1.
collation_database. , .
,
. ,
, collation_server.
MySQL 4.1.1.
c o l l a t i o n s e r v e r . .
MySQL 4.1.1.
concurrent_inserts. ON ( ) MySQL INSERT SELECT ,

. , mysqld safe skip-new. MySQL 3.23.7.
connect_timeout. , mysqld
, Bad handshake (
).
datadir. MySQL.
datadir.
default_week_format. , WEEK (). MySQL 4.0.14.
delay__key_write. MylSAM. ,
DELAY_KEY_WRITE, CREATE TABLE:
OFF
DELAY_KEY_WRITE .
ON
M y S Q L DELAY_KEY_WRITE
CREATE TABLE. .
ALL
,
DELAY_KEY_WRITE .
DELAY_KEY_WRITE , ,
,
.
, -
4.2. MySQL
241
MylSAM, myisam-recover
(, myisam-recover=BACKUP, FORCE). . 4.2.1 8.1.1.
, external-locking
,
.
MySQL 3.23.8.
delayed_insert_limit. delayed_insert_limit
INSERT DELAYED SELECT.
, ,
.
delayed_insert_timeout. INSERT DELAYED

INSERT .
delayed_queue_size. INSERT DELAYED. , ,

INSERT DELAYED, , .
flush. ON (), flush.

MySQL 3.22.9.
flush_time.
flushtime ,
. Windows 9x Me,
. MySQL 3.22.18.
f t_boolean_syntax. , , IN BOOLEAN MODE. MySQL 4.0.1.

' + ->< () ~*: ""& . :
.
14 .
ASCII-, -.
- .
, 11 12.
,
.
10, 13 14 ( ':','&' ' )

.
f t_max_word_len. FULLTEXT.
MySQL 4.O.O.
f < !
\ FULLTEXT . REPAIR TABLE _ QUICK.
4.
242
ft_min_word_len. FULLTEXT.
MySQL 4.O.O.
"!: !
;
FULLTEXT . REPAIR TABLE _ QUICK.
ft_query_expansion_limit. , ,
WITH QUERY EXPANSION. MySQL 4.1.1.
f t s t o p w o r d f i l e . , -
. ; . -
( myisam/ft_static.c).
( ' ' ) , - . MySQL 4.0.10.
;"' !
\
FULLTEXT . REPAIR TABLE _ QUICK.
group_concat_max_len. GROUP_CONTACT (). MySQL 4.I.O.

havebdb. YES, mysqld BDB,
DISABLED, --skip-bdb. MySQL 3.23.30.
haveinnodb. YES, mysqld
InnoDB, DISABLED, --skip-innodb.
MySQL 3.23.37.
haveisam. YES, mysqld ISAM,
DISABLED, skip-isam. MySQL 3.23.30.
have_raid. YES, mysqld RAID. MySQL 3.23.30.
haveopenssl. YES, mysqld SSL (
) - . MySQL
3.23.43.
i n i t c o n n e c t . ,
. SQL-. (';') ,
. , , , init_connect:
SET GLOBAL init connect='SET AUTOCOMMIT=0';
4.2. MySQL
243

. , ,
, :
[mysqld]
init_connect='SET AUTOCOMMIT=0'
MySQL 4.I.2.
init_f ile. , in i t - f i l e . , SQL-, . . MySQL 3.23.2.
init_slave. init_connect, , SQL-.

, init_connect.
MySQL 4.I.2.
innodb_xxx. InnoDB 9.5.
interactive_timeout. , , .
, CLIENT_INTERACTIVE
mysql_real_connect (). . wait_timeout.
join_buffer_size. , ( ).
. , ,
. ( ,
.)
key__buffer_size. MylSAM ISAM . key_buffer_size - , . .

( , ) ,
.
25% , MySQL, . (, 50% ),
. , MySQL , .

, LOCK TABLES.
SHOW STATUS;
Keyj:ead_requests,
Key_reads, Key_write_requests Key_writes.
Keyreads Key_read__requests ,
0.01. Key_writes Key__write_requests 1,
244
4.
, , ,
,
DELAY_KEY_WRITE.
, key_buf f e r s i z e
Key_blocks_used
. MySQL 4.1.1, key_cache_block_size. :
(Key_blocks_used * key_cache_block_size) / key_buffer size
MySQL 4.1.1 1024 , ,
:
(Key_blocks_used * 1024) / key_buffer_size
. 6.4.6.
key_cache_age_threshold.
(hot sub-chain) (warm
sub-chain). , . - 100. 300.
MySQL 4.1.1. . 6.4.6.
key_cache_block_size. . - 1024. MySQL 4.1.1. . 6.4.6.
key_cache_division_limit. . - , . 1 100. - 100. MySQL 4.1.1. . 6.4.6.
language. , .
l a r g e f i l e s u p p o r t . mysqld
. MySQL 3.23.28.
local_infile. LOCAL LOAD DATA INFILE.

MySQL 4.O.3.
locked_in_memory. mysqld memlock.

MySQL 3.23.25.
log. . . 4.8.2.
log_bin. .
MySQL 3.23.14. . 4.8.4.
l o g s l a v e u p d a t e s . , ,
. ,
.
MySQL 3.23.17. . 5.8.
4.2. MySQL
245
log_slow_queries. . ,
, long_query_time.
MySQL 4.O.2. . 4.8.5.
log_update. . MySQL 3.22.18. , , , MySQL

5.0. . 4.8.3.
long_query_time. , , Slowqueries .
log-slow-queries . , , , .
. 4.8.5.
low_priority_updates. 1, INSERT,
UPDATE, DELETE LOCK TABLE WRITE , SELECT LOCK TABLE READ.
sql_low_priority_updates.
MySQL 3.22.5.
lower_case_table_names. 1,
. MySQL 3.23.6.
2 ( 4.0.18), , , . MySQL 4.0.2, , 4.1.1 - .
0, MySQL
, , ( Windows Mac OS X). 4.0.18: 0, , , , , MySQL lower_case_table_names 2.
max_allowed_packet. .
net_buf fer_length ( ), max_allowedjpacket. - , ( ) . ,
BLOB. ,
(BLOB), . max_allowed_packet - 16 MySQL 4.0
1 .
max_binlog_cache_size.
, , Multistatement transaction required more than 'max_binlog_cache_size' bytes of
storage ( -
246
4.
, ' m a x b i n l o g c a c h e s i z e ' ).
MySQL 3.23.29.
maxbinlogsize. ,
. , 1 , , 4096 . (
MySQL 4.0.14 1024 .) - 1 . MySQL 3.23.33.
, :
, , . , , , max_binlog_size.
max_relay_log_size 0, max_binlog_size . max_relay_log_size
MySQL 4.0.14.
max_connect_errors.
, . FLUSH
HOSTS.
maxconnections. . mysqld
.
6.4.8. . .2.6.
max_delayed_threads. He
INSERT DELAYED.
, , , DELAYED . 0, MySQL
DELAYED; , DELAYED.
MySQL 3.23.0.
max_error_count. , SHOW ERROR SHOW WARNINGS.
MySQL 4.1.0.
max_heap_table_size.
MEMORY (HEAP). , MAX_ROWS MEMORY. MEMORY ,
, CREATE TABLE TRANCATE
TABLE, ALTER TABLE. MySQL 3.23.0.
max_insert_delayed_threads.

maxdelayedthreads. MySQL 4.0.19.
max_join_size. SELECT, , ,
, m a x j o i n s i z e , , -
4.2. MySQL
247
, , , max_join_size, . , SELECT, , . ,

WHERE .
, DEFAULT,
SQL_BIG__SELECTS ( 0). SQL_BIG_SELECTS max_join_size .
, , .
sql_max_join_size.
max_relay_log_size. ,
, , . .
, 0 MySQL max_relay_log_size
, .
max_relay_log_size 4096 1 (),
0. 0. MySQL 4.0.14. . 5.3.
max_seeks_f or_key. , . MySQL , ,
, , . (, 100), ,
MySQL , .
MySQL 4.0.14.
max_sort_length. , BLOB
TEXT. max_sort_length, .
max_tmp_tables. ,
. ( .)
raax_user_connections. , MySQL. 0 . MySQL 3.23.34.
max_write_lock_count. ( ) ,
CREATE TABLE My ISAM, MAX_ROWS
. 2 8.
- 4. MySQL 4.I.2. .
.2.11.
248
4.
myisam_max_extra_sort_f ile_size. , My ISAM, , , .

,
. MySQL 3.23.37.
!
{ 4.0.3 .
myisam_max_sort_file_size. ,
MySQL My ISAM ( REPAIR TABLE, ALTER TABLE LOAD DATA INFILE). ,
, ,
. MySQL 3.23.37.
X' !
pi 4.0.3 .
myisam_recover_options. myisam-recover. MySQL 3.23.36.
myisam_repair_threads. 1, MylSAM
( ) Repair
by sorting. - 1. , - -.
MySQL 4.0.13.
myisam_sort_buffer_size. , My ISAM
REPAIR TABLE CREATE INDEX
ALTER INDEX. MySQL 3.23.16.
named_pipe. Windows ,
. MySQL 3.23.50.
net_buf f er_length.
. ,
, SQL, . , ,
max_allowed_packet .
net_read_timeout. ,
, .
, net_read_timeout -
, ,
. ,
net_read__timeout , . .
slave_net_timeout. MySQL 3.23.20.
net_retry_count. , , . FreeBSD , .
MySQL 3.23.7.
4.2. MySQL
249
net_write_timeout. ,
, . .
net_reead_timeout. MySQL 3.23.20.
open_f iles_limit. , mysqld.

, mysqld . 0 , MySQL . MySQL 3.23.20.
pid_f i l e . (PID).
pid-file.
MySQL 3.23.23.
port. , -. port.
protocol_version. - ,
MySQL. MySQL 3.23.18.
query_alloc_block_size. ,
.
. MySQL 4.0.16.
query_cache_limit. He , . - 1 . MySQL 4.O.I.
query_cache_min_res_unit. ,
. - 4 . 4.10.3. , MySQL 4.1.
query_cache_size. , . - 0, . , ,
query_cache_type 0.
MySQL 4.O.I.
query_cache_type. . GLOBAL
. SESSION,
.
0 OFF
He . ,
.
query_cache_size 0.
, , SELECT SQL_NO_CACHE.
,
Select SQL_CACHE.
1 ON
2 DEMAND
MySQL 4.O.3.
250
4.
query_cache_wlock_invalidate. WRITE My ISAM, , . 1 WRITE , .

, ,
. MySQL 4.0.19.
query_prealloc_size. ,
.
. query_prealloc_size,
.
MySQL 4.0.16.
range_alloc_block_size. , . MySQL 4.0.16.
read_buffer__size. , , ,
. . MySQL 4.O.3.
record_buffer.
readonly. ON, , , SUPER.

, . MySQL 4.0.14.
read_rnd_buffer_size. ,
,
. ORDER BY. , ,
. ,
. MySQL 4.O.3.
record_rnd_buffer.
safe_show_database. He , . ,
, , . . skip_show_database.
MySQL 4.O.5. MySQL
SHOW DATABASES.
secure_auth. MySQL --secure-auth,

, (
4.1) . ON
(), - OFF ().
4.2. MySQL
251
,
(, , ).
MySQL 4.1.1.
( ), , ( 4.1) .
secure_auth , ,
.
server_id. server-id. . MySQL 3.23.26.
skip_external_locking. OFF, mysqld

. MySQL 4.O.3.
skip_locking.
skipnetworking. ON, (
TCP/IP) . Unix . NetWare TCP/IP-,
ON .
MySQL 3.23.23.
skip_show_database. , SHOW
DATABASES, SHOW DATABASES. , , , . .
safe_show_database. MySQL 3.23.24. MySQL
4.0.2 SHOW DATABASES: ON SHOW DATABASES ,
SHOW DATABASES, ; OFF SHOW DATABASES ,
, SHOW DATABASES - .
slave_net_timeout. ,
, . MySQL
3.23.40.
slow_launch_time. , , Slow_launch.
MySQL 3.23.15.
socket. Unix Unix, . Windows ,
.
sort_buffer_size. , , . , ORDER BY GROUP BY.

. .4.4.
252
4.
sqlmode. SQL .
MySQL 3.23.41. . 4.2.2.
storage_engine. table_type. MySQL 4.1.2.
table_cache. .
mysqld . ,
,
Opened_tables. . 4.2.4.
Opened_tables FLUSH TABLES ( ),
table_cache .
6.4.8.
table_type. (innoDB, BDB ISAM).

, --default-table-type.
MySQL 3.23.0. . 4.2.1.
thread_cache_size. . ,
thread_cache_size.
, , , , .
, , . ( .)
Connections
Threads_created ( 4.2.4),
, . MySQL 3.23.16.
thread_concurrency. Solaris mysqld thr__setconcurrency

. . MySQL 3.23.7.
threadstack. . , crash-me, .
. . 6.1.4.
time zone. .
TZ .
--timezone mysqld_safe. MySQL
3.23.15. . .4.6.
tmp_table_size.
, MySQL My ISAM. t m p t a b l e s i z e , GROUP BY, , .
tmpdir. , .
MySQL 4.1,
4.2. MySQL
253
, . (':') Unix (';') Windows, NetWare OS/2.

. MySQL
, , tmpdir
,
. ,
, LOAD DATA INFILE.
,
.
MySQL 3.22.4.
transaction_alloc_block_size. , , ,
. MySQL 4.0.16.
transaction_prealloc_size. transaction_alloc_blocks,
. , ,
malloc().
MySQL 4.0.16.
tx_isolation. .
MySQL 4.O.3.
version. .
wait_timeout. ,
, .
waittimeout wait_timeout interactive_timeout,
( CLIENT_INTERACTIVE
mysql_real_connect ()). . interactive_timeout.
4.2.3.1.
MySQL 4.0.3,
.
. .
mysqld . . ,
.

. ,
. , , ,
SET GLOBAL _. , SUPER.
254
4.
. .
, ,
SET SESSION _. , , - .
, .
, , , .
( ,
SET GLOBAL) .
. sort_buffer_size
.
GLOBAL, :
mysql> SET GLOBAL sort_buffer_size=3Ha4eHne;
:
mysql> SET @@global.sort_buffer_size=3Ha4eHne;
SESSION, :
mysql> SET SESSION sort_buffer__si =;
:
mysql> SET @@session.sort_buffer_size=3Ha4eHJ<re;
:
mysql> SET sort_buffer_size=3Ha4eHne;
GLOBAL, SESSION LOCAL , SESSION.
GLOBAL, :
mysql> SELECT @@global.sort_buffer_size;
mysql> SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES like 'sortjmffer_size';
SESSION, :
mysql> SELECT @@sort_buffer_size;
mysql> SELECT @@session.sort_buffer_size;
mysql> SHOW SESSION VARIABLES like 'sort_buffer_size';
LOCAL SESSION.
SELECT _ ( global., session., local.), MySQL SESSION,
, - GLOBAL.
SHOW VARIABLES, GLOBAL, SESSION LOCAL, MySQL
SESSION.
4.2. MySQL
255
GLOBAL
(GLOBAL), , , . SESSION
, , SUPER,
GLOBAL, SESSION . SESSION , ,
GLOBAL, , SESSION.
4.2.3.1.1.
, MySQL
4.1.1. :
- , , .

. , .
MySQL .
, .
:
key_buffer_size
key_cache_block_size
key_cache_division__limit
key_cache_age_threshold
, , .
, , ,
, 6.4.6.
,
_. _. :
hot_cache.key_buffer_size
hot_cache.key_cache_block_size
cold cache.key_cache_block_size
default
. , default. ,
default.key_buffer_size, key_buffer_size
.
:

, .

. (
256
4.

- ), , -, .
, ,
\ , hot-cache - , a hotcache N - .
global, session local . , @

@ global. _
.
, .
, -
.

, , . ,
:
shell> mysqld hot__cache.key_buffer_size=64K
:
[mysqld]
hot_cache.key_buffer_size=64K
hot_cache
64 , 8 .
, :
shell> mysqld --key_buffer_size=256K \
extra_cache.key_buffer_size=128K \
extra_cache.key_cachejDlock_size=2048
256 . ( --default.key_buffer_size=256K).
, extra_cache 128 , , 2048 .
, 3:1:1:
shell> mysqld key_buffer_size=6M \
hot_cache.keyjbuffer_size=2M \
cold_cache.key_buffer_size=2M

. , hotcache
10 , :
mysql> SET GLOBAL hot_cache.keyjbuffer__size = 10*1024*1024;
mysql> SET @@global.hot_cache.keyjbuffer_size = 10*1024*1024;
4.2. MySQL
257
:
mysql> SELECT @@global.hot_cache.keyjbuffer_size;
.
, LIKE.
mysql> SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE
'hotj:ache.keyjbuffer_size';
, , .
4.2.3.1.2.
MySQL 4.0.3, SET GLOBAL SET
SESSION. SELECT. . 4.2.3.1.
. 4.1 .
, - GLOBAL SESSION ( ) - .
4.1.

autocommit
big tables
binlog_cache_size
bulk insert buffer_size
character set client
character set connection
character set results
character_set_server
collation connection
collation server
concurrent insert
connect timeout
convert_character_set
default week format
delay_key_write
delayed insert limit
delayed insert timeout
delayed_queue_size
error count
flush
flush_time
foreign key checks
OFF | ON | ALL
SESSION
SESSION
GLOBAL
GLOBAL |
GLOBAL |
GLOBAL |
GLOBAL |
GLOBAL |
GLOBAL |
GLOBAL |
GLOBAL
GLOBAL
GLOBAL |
GLOBAL |
GLOBAL
GLOBAL
GLOBAL
GLOBAL
SESSION
GLOBAL
GLOBAL
SESSION
SESSION
SESSION
SESSION
SESSION
SESSION
SESSION
SESSION
SESSION
SESSION
258
4.
. 4.1
ft_boolean_syntax
group concat max len
identity
insert id
interactive_timeout
key buffer size
last_insert_id
local__infile
log_warnings
long query time
low priority updates
max_allowed_packet
max_binlog_cache_size
max_binlog size
max connect errors
max connections
max_delayed_threads
max error count
max_heap_table size
max_insert_delayed_threads
max join size
max_relay_log_size
max seeks for key
max sort length
max tmp tables
max user connections
max_write lock count
myisam max extra sort file size
myisam_max_sort file size
myisam repair threads
net_buffer_length
net read timeout
net retry count
net write timeout
query alloc block size
query cache limit
GLOBAL
GLOBAL | SESSION
SESSION
SESSION
GLOBAL | SESSION
GLOBAL
SESSION
GLOBAL
GLOBAL
GLOBAL | SESSION
GLOBAL | SESSION
GLOBAL | SESSION
GLOBAL
GLOBAL
GLOBAL
GLOBAL
GLOBAL
GLOBAL | SESSION
GLOBAL | SESSION
GLOBAL
GLOBAL | SESSION
GLOBAL
GLOBAL | SESSION
GLOBAL | SESSION
GLOBAL
GLOBAL
GLOBAL
GLOBAL | SESSION
GLOBAL | SESSION
GLOBAL | SESSION
GLOBAL | SESSION
GLOBAL | SESSION
GLOBAL | SESSION
GLOBAL | SESSION
GLOBAL | SESSION
GLOBAL | SESSION
GLOBAL
4.2.
MySQL
259
. 4.1
query_cache_size
query_cache_type
query_cache_wlock_invalidate
query_prealloc_size
range_alloc_block_size
read_buffer__size
read_only
rpl_recovery_rank
safe_show_database
server_id
slave_compressed_protocol
slave_net_timeout
slow_launch__time
sort__buffer_size
sql_auto_is_null
sql_big_selects
sql_big_tables
sql_buffer_result
sql_log_bin
sql_log_off
sql_log_update
sql_low_priority__updates
sql_max_join_size
sql quote_show_create
sql_safe_updates
sql_select_limit
sql_slave_skip_counter
sql_warnings
storage_engine
table_cache
table_type
thread_cache_size
time stamp
tmp_table_size
transaction_alloc_block_size
transaction_prealloc_size
GLOBAL
GLOBAL | SESSION
GLOBAL | SESSION
GLOBAL | SESSION
GLOBAL | SESSION
GLOBAL | SESSION
GLOBAL
GLOBAL | SESSION
GLOBAL
GLOBAL
GLOBAL
GLOBAL
GLOBAL
GLOBAL
GLOBAL | SESSION
SESSION
SESSION
SESSION
SESSION
SESSION
SESSION
SESSION
GLOBAL | SESSION
GLOBAL I SESSION
SESSION
SESSION
SESSION
GLOBAL
SESSION
GLOBAL | SESSION
GLOBAL
GLOBAL | SESSION
GLOBAL
SESSION
GLOBAL I SESSION
GLOBAL | SESSION
GLOBAL | SESSION
260
4.
. 4.1
tx_isolation
unique_checks
wait_timeout
warning_count
GLOBAL | SESSION
SESSION
GLOBAL | SESSION
SESSION
"", . "" .
"" 0, 1, ON OFF. "" ;
, .
0, ENUM, 1.
42.4
,
.
SHOW STATUS:
mysql> SHOW STATUS;
I Variable name
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Aborted clients
Aborted connects
Bytes_received
Bytes_sent
Connections
Created tmp disk tables
Created tmp files
Created tmp tables
Delayed errors
Delayed insert threads
Delayed writes
Flush commands
Handler__delete
Handler read first
Handler_read key
Handler read next
Handler read prev
Handler_read rndHandler read rnd next
Handler update
Handler write
Key blocks used
I Key_read__requests
Value
0
0
155372598
1176560426
30023
0
60
8340
0
0
0
1
462604
105881
27820558
390681754
I 6022500
30546748
I 246216530
I 16945404
I 60356676
| 14955
I 96854827
|
1
|
|
|
1
|
|
1
1
1
|
|
|
4.2. MySQL
Key_reads
Key_write_requests
Key_writes
Max_used_connections
Not_flushed_delayed_rows
Not_flushed_key_blocks
Open_files
Open_streams
Open_tables
Opened_tables
Qcache_free_blocks
Qcache_free_memory
Qcache_hits
Qcache_inserts
Qcache_lowmem_prunes
Qcache_not_cached
Qcache_queries_in_cache
Qcache_total_blocks
Questions
Select_full_join
Select_full_range_j oin
Select_range
Select_range_check
Select_scan
Slave_open_temp_tables
Slave_running
Slow_launch_threads
Slow_queries
Sort_merge_passes
Sort_range
Sort_rows
Sort_scan
Table_locks_immediate
Table_locks_waited
Threads_cached
Threads_connected
Threads_created
Threads_running
Uptime
261
162040
7589728
3813196
0
0
0
2
0
1
44600
36
138488
79570
27087
3114
22989
415
912
2026873
0
0
99646
0
30802
0
OFF
0
0
30
500
30296250
4650
1920382
0
0
1
30022
1
80380
STATUS
0.
, , . _ , MySQL 3.23.47.
Qcache_xxx , MySQL 4.O.I. , , , , MySQL 3.22.
Aborted_clients. ,
. . .2.10.
Aborted_connects.
MySQL. . .2.10.
262
4.
Binlog__cache_use. , . MySQL 4.I.2.
Binlog_cache__diskjjse. ,
, binlog_cache_size
.
MySQL 4.1.2.
Bytesreceived. , .
MySQL 3.23.7.
Bytes_sent. , .
MySQL 3.23.7.
Comxxx. , .
. ,
Comdelete Cominsert
DELETE INSERT.
Connections. ( )
MySQL.
Created_tmp_disk_tables. ,
.
MySQL 3.23.24.
Created_tmp_f i l e s . , mysqld. MySQL 3.23.28.
Created_tmp_tables. , .
Created_tmp_disk_tables tmp_table_size,
, .
Delayed_errors. INSERT DELAYED , - (, d u p l i c a t e key).
Delayed_insert_threads. INSERT
DELAYED.
Delayed__writes. INSERT DELAYED.

Flushcommands. FLUSH.
Handlercommit. COMMIT.
MySQL 4.O.2.
H a n d l e r d e l e t e . , .
H a n d l e r _ r e a d _ f i r s t . , . , , , , SELECT c o l l FROM foo,

, c o l l .
Handler_read__key. .
, ,
.
4.2. MySQL
263
Handle r r e a d n e x t .
. ,
.
Handler_read_prev.
.
ORDER BY... DESC. MySQL 3.23.6.
Handlerreadrnd. , . , ,
. , ,
MySQL ,
, .
Handler_read_rnd_next.
. ,
. , .
Handler_rollback. ROLLBACK.
Handlerupdate. .
Handlerwrite. .
Key_blocks_used. . , , ; . key_buf f eresize 4.2.3.
Key_read_requests. .
Key_reads. . Key_reads , key_buffer_size, ,
. -
Key_reads/Key_read_requests.
Key_write_requests. .
Key_writes. .
Max_used_connections. , .
Not_flushed_delayed_rows.
INSERT DELAY.
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Open_f iles. .
Openst reams. ( ).
Open_tables. .
Opened_tables. . Opened_tables
, table_cache, , .
Qcachef reeblocks. .
264
4.
Qcache_f reejnemory. .
Qcache_hits. .
Qcache_inserts. .
Qcache_lowmem_prunes. , .
Qcache_not_cached. , (
, - query_cache_type).
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Questions. .
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.
MySQL 3.23.25.
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. ( , .)
MySQL 3.23.25.
Select_range_check. , . ( ,
.)
MySQL 3.23.25.
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SQL- .
MySQL 3.23.29.
Slave_running. ON, ,
. MySQL 3.23.16.
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slow_launch_time, . MySQL
3.23.15.
Slow_queries. , ,
long_query_time, . . 4.8.5.
Sort_merge_passes. ,
. , sort_buffer_size. MySQL
3.23.28.
Sortrange. , .
MySQL 3.23.25.
4.3.
265
Sortrows. .
MySQL 3.23.25.
Ssl__xxx. , SSL-.
MySQL 4.O.O.
Tablelocksimmediate. , . , MySQL
3.23.33.
Table_locks_waited. , , . ,
,
, ,
. , MySQL 3.23.33.
Threads_cached. . MySQL 3.23.17.

Threads_connected. .
Threads_created. , .
Threads_created ,
thread__cache_size.
Threads_created/Connections. MySQL
3.23.31.
Threads_running. , .
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4.3.
, ,
, , ,
MySQL . , , MySQL
, 4.4.
4.3.1. ,

, MySQL , Internet, , ,
.
( MySQL) : ,
. , .
MySQL , ,
, ,
(Access Control List - ACL). SSL-
266
4.
MySQL. MySQL;
.
MySQL, :
( (root)
MySQL) user mysql!
. - MySQL. , user , ,
.
MySQL. GRANT REVOKE MySQL. He , . .
.
mysql -u root. , . MySQL
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,
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3306. . , MySQL- -
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4.3.
267
, -
, , ,
. telnet , , , : .
, .

Web-, URL-
. , , - "; DROP
DATABASE mysql;". ,
,
, .
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.
. SELECT * FROM table WHERE
ID=234 234, 234 OR 1=1,
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.
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: SELECT * FROM table WHERE ID='234 f .
, .
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.
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268
4.

, ,
.
, .
API- , . , ,
:
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MySQL++ - escape quote .
- mysql_escape_string(),
MySQL API. 4.0.3 addslashes ().
Perl DBI - quote () -.
Java JDBC - PreparedStatement -.
API- .
() Internet. , .
, SSL SSH. MySQL SSL-, 4.0.0. SSH- , ,
( ) .
tcpdump strings.
, MySQL, ,
:
shell> tcpdump -I -i ethO -w - src or dst port 3306 | strings
( Linux .) :
, , .
, .
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MySQL . .
MySQL 4.1.1 . MySQL ( 4.1.1)
, , ,
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4.4.9.)
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4.3.
269
, , . , (
MySQL 3.22 ), .
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MySQL. Open Source SSH http://www.openssh.org/, SSH- - h t t p : //www. ssh. com/.
MySQL 4.0 OpenSSL-. .
4.5.7.
MySQL,
.
MySQL.
, . - , . , mysql ,
mysql -u ^ ___,
_ . , .
, SET PASSWORD.
user mysql. , MySQL
root, :
shell>
mysql>
->
mysql>
mysql -u root
UPDATE mysql.user SET Password=PASSWORD('_')
WHERE User='root 1 ;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
He MySQL (root) Unix. , , FILE, (root) (,

-root/.bashrc). , mysql root , ,
user=root.
mysqld
. Unix
mysql, . MySQL. mysqld
Unix, user,
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my. cnf, . :
[mysqld]
user=mysql
270
4.
,
, mysqldsafe
mysql. server. .3.2.
mysql , ( root)
Unix , root user.
MySQL
Unix.
. (
skipsymbolic-links.) ,
mysqld root, ,
, ! .
6.6.1.2.
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mysqld.
PROCESS SUPER . mysqladmin processlist , , , , , , UPDATE user SET password=PASSWORD('not_secure').
mysqld ,
SUPER ( PROCESS MySQL 4.0.2) ,
(root) MySQL ,
.
SUPER ,

.
FILE . , , mysqld! -
, , SELECT... INTO OUTFILE, ,
.
DNS, IP-
. , !
, mysqld max_user_connections. GRANT , .
4.3.3. mysqld,
mysqld :
4.3.
271
local-infile[={0 11} ]. local-infile=0,

LOAD DATA. . 4.3.4.
safe-show-database. SHOW
DATABASES ,
- . 4.0.2,
( ). SHOW DATABASES, , .
safe-user-create. , GRANT ,
INSERT mysql.user.
, , :
mysql> GRANT INSERT(user) ON mysql.user TO '_}@'_;
,
,
GRANT.
secure-auth. ,
( 4.1) . , MySQL 4.1.1.
skip-grant-tables. .
! ( , , mysldadmin flushprivileges mysqladmin reload, FLUSH PRIVILEGES.)
skip-name-resolve. .
Host IP- localhost.
skip-networking. TCP/IP- .
mysqld Unix.
MySQL, 3.23.27, MIT-pthreads, Unix MIT-pthreads.
skip-show-database. SHOW DATABASES

, SHOW DATABASES, . , SHOW DATABASES
, ,
SHOW DAATABASES -
.
4.3.4. LOAD DATA LOCAL

LOAD DATA ,
, LOCAL.
LOCAL LOAD DATA
, :
272
4.
MySQL.
, , ,
LOAD DATA.
, .
Web-, Web-, LOAD DATA LOCAL , Web- (,
, SQL-). MySQL- Web-,
, , Web-.
, LOAD DATA LOCAL
MySQL 3.23.49 MySQL 4.0.2 (4.0.13 Windows) :
MySQL
MySQL 3.23.48 enablelocal-infile.
MySQL enable-local-infile ,
LOAD DATA LOCAL ,
raysql_options (. . . MYSQL_OPT_LOCAL_INFILE, 0).
LOAD DATA LOCAL , mysqld local-inf ile=0.
mysql LOAD DATA LOCAL , local-inf i l e [=1],
local-infile=0. mysqlimport local -L
. , , .
LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE ,
:
ERROR 1148: The used command is not allowed with this MySQL version
1148:
MySQL
4.4. MySQL
MySQL , . .
4.4.1.
MySQL
, , , SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE DELETE.
4.4. MySQL
273

MySQL-,
LOAD DATA INFILE .
4.4.2.
MySQL , . MySQL
, , , , . , .
MySQL , ,
, Internet, . , joe, office.com, ,
joe, elswhere.com. MySQL ,
, ,
: joe
office. com, - elswhere. com.
MySQL :
: , .
(, ):
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, ,
.
,
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, .
, ,
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user, db host mysql
. . 4.2.
( ), , tables_priv columnspriv,
. . 4.3.
274
4.
4.2. user, db host
user
db
host
Host
User
Password

Host
Db
User
Host
Db
Select priv
Insert priv
Update_priv
Delete priv
Index_priv
Alter_priv
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Drop priv
Grant_priv
References priv
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Shutdown priv
Process_priv
File priv
Show db priv
Super priv
Create_tmp table priv
Lock tables priv
Execute priv
Repl_slave_priv
Repl client_priv
ssl_type
ssl cipher
x509 issuer
x509_subject
max questions
max updates
max connections

Select priv
Insert priv
Update priv
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Index_priv
Alter_priv
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Select priv
Insert priv
Update priv
Delete priv
Index priv
Alter priv
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Grant priv
References_priv
Create tmp table priv

Lock tables priv
Create tmp table priv

Lock_tables__priv
4.4. MySQL
275
4.3. tables_priv columns_priv

tables_priv
columnsjpriv

Host
Db
Host
Db
User
User
Table_name
Table_name
Column name
Table priv
Column priv
Column_priv

Timestamp
Timestamp
Grantor
Timestamp Grantor ,
.
:
() , , . ,
user, Host User , , 'thomas.loc.gov' 'bob', thomas.loc.gov, bob. , Host, User Db
' thomas. loc. gov', 'bob' ' reports', , bob thomas.loc.gov,
reports. tables_priv columns_priv ,
, .
, ,
.
, . , , 4.4.6.
, ,
. 4.4. - .
MySQL Db CHAR (32)
CHAR(60) .
, Host
. User, Password, Db Table_name .
Column_name MySQL 3.22.12 .
276
4.
4.4.

Host
User
CHAR(60)
Password
CHAR(16)
Db
CHAR(64)
Table_name
CHAR(60)
Column name
CHAR(60)
CHAR(16)
user, db host , ENUM (' N ' , ' Y') DEFAULT ' N'. ,
; ' N' ().
tables_priv columns_priv
SET. , (. . 4.5):
4.5.

tables_priv
Table_priv
'Select f , ' I n s e r t ' , 'Update', 'Delete',

'Create', 'Drop', 'Grant', 'References',
'Index', 'Alter'
tables_priv
Columnjpriv
' S e l e c t ' , ' I n s e r t ' , 'Update', 'References'
columns_priv
Column_priv
'Select', ' I n s e r t ' , 'Update', 'References'
, :
user , . user (
). .
db , ,
. ,
. , ,
.
host db, , db . , ,
, Host db
, host,
. 4.4.6.
4.4. MySQL
277
GRANT REVOKE host.

%, MySQL .
tables_priv columnspriv db,

:
, . ,
, . , , .
( RELOAD SHUTDOWN)
user,
. , . ,
, ,
user.
FILE user.
, , .
mysqld .
FLUSH PRIVILEGES mysqladmin flush-privileges mysqladmin
reload. 4.4.7 ,
.
, .
SHOW GRANTS. , , , Host User
84. example. com bob, :
mysql> SHOW GRANTS FOR 'bob'@'pc84.example.com;
mysqlaccess,
MySQL (Yves Carlier). , , mysqlaccess help. , mysqlaccess
, user, db host. ,
tables_priv columnspriv, .
4.4.8. 4.3.
44.3. , MySQL
user, db, host,
tables_priv columnspriv mysql. MySQL
, , 4.4.7.
,
MySQL , . 4.6.
278
4.
, , , .
"MySQL. ".
4.6. MySQL
ALTER
Alter_priv
DELETE
Delete_priv
INDEX
Index_priv
INSERT
Insert_priv
SELECT
Select_priv
UPDATE
Update_priv
CREATE
Create_priv
DROP
Drop_priv
GRANT
Grant_priv
REFERENCES
References_priv
Create_tmp_tablejpriv
CREATE TEMPORARY
TABLES
EXECUTE
Executejpriv
FILE
File_priv
LOCK TABLES
Lock_tables_priv
PROCESS
Processjpriv
RELOAD
Reload_priv
REPLICATION
CLIENT
Repl_client_priv
REPLICATION
SLAVE
Repl_slave_priv
SHOW DATABASES
Show_dbj?riv
SHUTDOWN
Shutdown_priv
SUPER
Super_priv
CREATE
REPLICATION
TEMPORARY
TABLES, EXECUTE, LOCK
TABLES, REPLICATION
CLIENT,
SLAVE, SHOW DATABASES SUPER M y S Q L 4 . 0 . 2 .
EXECUTE REFERENCES .
SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE DELETE .
SELECT SELECT,
. SELECT . , raysql , :
mysql> SELECT 1+1;
mysql> SELECT PI()*2;
4.4. MySQL
279
CREATE DROP
. DROP mysql , , M y S Q L !
INDEX .
. CREATE
CREATE TABLE.
ALTER ALTER TABLE
, .
GRANT , .
FILE LOAD DATA INFILE SELECT...INTO OUTFILE. ,
FILE, M y S Q L
. ( ,
,
.) FILE
, M y S Q L . .
, mysqladmin SQL-.
4.7 , mysqladmin .
4.7. mysqladmin,
RELOAD
flush-hosts, flush-logs, flush-privileges, flush-status,

flush-tables,flush-threads, refresh, reload
SHUTDOWN
shutdown
PROCESS
processlist
SUPER
kill
reload
, flushprivileges reload.
refresh , . flush-xxx , refresh,
, . , ,
flush-logs, refresh.
shutdown .
mysqladmin. SQL- .
processlist ( , , ). k i l l .
, , -
280
4.
, PROCESS, - SUPER.
MySQL 4.0.2, SUPER, , PROCESS.
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES
TEMPORARY CREATE TABLE.
LOCK TABLES LOCK TABLES
, SELECT. ,
.
REPLICATION CLIENT SHOW MASTER STATUS SHOW
SLAVE STATUS.
REPLICATION SLAVE ,
,
. , .
SHOW DATABASES
SHOW DATABASE. , , , -
, ,
skip-show-database.
, , :
GRANT
. ,
GRANT, .
ALTER .
FILE,
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.
SHUTDOWN, .
PROCESS , , .
SUPER
.
, mysql,
,
. , , . , ,
4.4. MySQL
281
Password user, -
, MySQL.
MySQL :
, -
. , , .
, ,
.
4.4.4. MySQL
MySQL
:
, MySQL.
.
.
, mysql
( shell>):
shell> mysql -h _ - _ -
-h, -u - hos 1=_, user=
_ password=napcwib. , -
password .
- password, ,
.
. ,
.
, auxww. . 4.5.6.
MySQL
:
- localhost.
- ODBC ( Windows) ( Unix).
, -.
, Unix joe :
shell>
shell>
shell>
shell>
mysql -h localhost -u joe

mysql -h localhost
mysql -u joe
mysql
MySQL .
,
,
, :
282
4.
[client]
. :
[client]
host=_
=_
password=napcwib
3.3.2.
. mysql MySQL_HOST, MySQL USER ( Windows NetWare). MYSQLPWD, ; . 4.5.6. .
4.4.5. , :

MySQL , , . ,
. , ,
.
:
, .
MySQL.

user (Host, User Password).
, Host USER user
, PASSWORD.
Host user :
Host IP-,
' local host' .
Host '%' '_'.
, ,
LIKE. , ' %' ,
'%.mysql.com1
mysql. com.
MySQL 3.23, Host, IP-,
, ,
:
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON db.*
-> TO david@ f 192.58.197.0/255.255.255.0';
david IP- 1-_, :

1-_ & _ = 1-_
4.4. MySQL
283
, GRANT:
1-_ & 255.255.255.0 = 192.58.197.0
IP-,
MySQL, 192.58.197.0 192.58.197.255.
Host db , host, .
AND ( ), OR ( ). host 4.4.6.
Host
, ' %'.
Host IP- (, '144.155.166.%' ), , 144.155.166.somewhere.com. , MySQL , . ,

1.2.foo.com Host
. IP- IP-,
.
User ,
, . user, , ,
, , , . ,
( ).
Password ( ).
, , ,
.
Password user . MySQL , .
, , ,
, ( PASSWORD ()).
, ( ). MySQL , ! , mysql!
4.1, MySQL , , ,
. ,
TCP/IP mysql.
4.4.9.
. 4.8 , Host User user .
4.
284
4.8. Host User

User
Host
'thomas.loc.gov'
'fred'
fred,
thomas.loc.gov.
' thomas. loc. gov'
,
thomas.loc.gov.
'
' %'
' fred'
fred, .
' %'
''
' fred'
,
.
fred,
loc.gov.
fred, ..net,
. . com, . . edu (, , ).
fred, ,
IP-
144.155.166.177.
%. loc. gov'
'..%'
'fred'
'144.155.166.177'
'fred'
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'fred'
fred,
144.155.166 .
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' fred'
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: , fred thomas. loc. gov.
() , , . :
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, .
,
.
, , , user :
I
+
I
I
I
I
Host
! User
+
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| root
%
I Jeffrey
localhost | root
localhost |
|
+
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I
|
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4.4. MySQL
285

Host.
IP-. ' %' " " .
Host
User ( User " "
).
:
+
++
! Host
| User
I ...
+
+
+I localhost | root
| ...
I localhost !
| ...
I %
| Jeffrey | ...
I %
| root
| ...
+
+
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, . , Jeffrey
localhost, : 'localhost 1
Host ' ' User, '%'
' J e f f r e y ' .
'localhost', .
. , user :
4-
I Host
I User
+-
...
+
++
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| ...
I thomas.loc.gov |
| ...
+
44- :
+
++
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4.
+
+| thomas.loc.gov |
| ...
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I Jeffrey
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4.
4.
4
, Jeffrey thomas.loc.gov, , , j ef f rey whitehouse. gov - .
, , , , . . . : , Jeffrey thomas.loc.gov,
'Jeffrey' User, , ! Jeffrey ,
.
286
4.
, , ,
- . ,
,
CURRENT_USER (). __, User Host user. , Jeffrey :
mysql> SELECT CURRENTJJSER();
+
+
1 CURRENTJJSER () |
f
I @localhost
+
+
|
+
,
user User. ,
Jeffrey .
CURRENTJJSER () , MySQL 4.O.6. : user
, , .
4.4.6. , :

, .
, ,
. . user, db, host,
t a b l e s p r i v columnspriv. ( 4.4.2
.)
user ,
. , user DELETE,
! , user
.
user , .
, user ( N' .
, .
db host .
:
' _ ' Host DB
. , , LIKE.
, . , '_'
, '\_' GRANT.
4.4. MySQL
287
'%' Host db " ".

Host db " host" ( ).
'%' Host host "
".
'%' Db "
".
User
.
host db,
user. db Host, Db User
host Host Db. user,
, , .
tables_priv columns_priv
.
:
'%' '_' Host
. , , LIKE.
' %' " ".
Db, Table_name Column_name
.
tables_priv columns_priv Host,
Db User. db, ,
Host .
. (
, , , . ,
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.)
, ,
SHUTDOWN RELOAD, user,
. ,
,
. , mysqladmin shutdown,
user SHUTDOWN,
db host. ( Shutdown_priv, .)
(INSERT, UPDATE ), , , ( ) user.
, .
288
4.
user ,
, db host:
1. db Host, Db
User. Host User
MySQL, Db - ,
. Host User , .
2. db Host
,
.
3. Host db , ,
host , . Host
Db host. host , .
( !) db host, 'Y1 . ( db,
host.)
, db host, , user. , . tables_priv
colurans_priv, ,
, , .

:

OR { AND )
OR
OR
, user
, ,
, ,
. ,
. , INSERT
INTO.. .SELECT, INSERT SELECT. user, - db.
, , ,
, .
GRANT REVOKE host, MySQL. -
4.4. MySQL
289
, , , , . , host
. .
host . , public.your.domain ,
. host, ,
, ,
:
I Host
| Db | . . .
+
+
+I public.your.domain | % I . . . ( ' N')
I %. your, domain
| % I . . . ( ' Y')
, (,
SHOW GRANTS mysqlaccess), ,
, .
4.4.7.
mysqld
, .
, :
.

USE __.

.
GRANT, REVOKE SET
PASSWORD, .
, INSERT, UPDATE
DELETE, ,
, . , FLUSH PRIVILEGES
mysqladmin flush-privileges mysqladmin reload.
, ,
, , !
4.4.8.
(Access denied)
MySQL ,
, :
290
4.
, . ,
. , , , :
shell> mysql
ERROR 2003: Can't connect to MySQL server on 'host_name' (111)
shell> mysql
ERROR 2002: Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket
'/tmp/mysql.sock1 (111)
, , TCP/IP-,
Unix, , . , port
, -socket Unix.
,
. MySQL
Windows RPM Linux, mysql, .
MySQL , mysql_install_db. . 2.4.2.
, , mysql . ( data var
MySQL). , mysql
user.MYD. , mysql_install_db.

:
shell> mysql -u root test
.
, .
shell> mysql -u root mysql
, MySQL root .
,
MySQL
root.
2.4.5.
mysql_f ix_privilege_tables , MySQL ? , . ,
, ,
. . 2.5.8.
4.4. MySQL
291
, ,
, , :
shell> mysql
Client does not support authentication protocol requested
by server; consider upgrading MySQL client
, , 4.4.9
.2.3.
(root)
, , , user
'root 1 User,
:
Access denied for user: lf@'unknown' to database mysql
skip-grant-tables
/etc/hosts \windows\hosts,
.
,
, . (
) ,
. ,
, Access denied (" "), , !
, --no-defaults, :
shell> mysqladmin no-defaults -u root version
3.3.2.
.
, , root:
shell> mysqladmin -u root -pxxxx ver
Access denied for user: 'root'@'localhost'
(Using password: YES)
, , , . --no-defaults, .
4.5.5.
root, mysqld
skipgrant-tables, . . .4.1.
SET PASSWORD, INSERT UPDATE
PASSWORD().
PASSWORD(), . , , ,
:
292
4.
1
mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR ' a b e ' @ ' _ ' = ' e a g l e ;
:
mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR 'abe'@'_' = PASSWORD('eagle');
GRANT mysqladmin
password PASSWORD ,
. . 4.5.5.
localhost , ,
, . localhost
Unix , MySQL,
3.23.27, MIT-pthreads: localhost Unix, MIT-pthreads .
--host=
127.0.0.1 . TCP/IP mysqld. TCP/IP-
host, . user
,
.
Access denied ,
mysql -u _, , user. mysql -u root mysql
SQL-:
mysql> SELECT * FROM user;
, Host User
MySQL.
Access denied :
, ,
, . user
,
, . ,
"Using password: NO" ,
.
, ,
MySQL, , ,
user Host, .
Host . . . is not allowed to connect to this MySQL server
. . . MySQL
4.4. MySQL
293
IP- , ,
, user ' % '
Host mysqld -log . MySQL . ( ' %'
user , . , .)
Linux
, MySQL , , , glibc.
, glibc,
MySQL . RPM-
, .
, , IP-,
, , MySQL IP-
:
shell> mysqladmin -u root -pxxxx -h some-hostname ver
Access denied for user: ' r o o t ' G 1 1 (Using password: YES)
DNS. mysqladmin flush-hosts,
DNS. . 6.5.5.
:
, DNS, .
MySQL IP-, .
/etc/hosts.
mysqld --skip-name-resolve.
mysqld skip-host-cache.
Unix, , localhost.
Unix, TCP/IP.
Windows, ,
, . (). , TCP/IP.
mysql -u root t e s t , mysql -h _
-u root ( _ - )
Access denied, , user .
, Host user , , , -
294
4.
( ). , user
' tcx 1 , DNS MySQL
' tcx. subnet. se', . user , Host IP-. (
user , Host
, , 'tcx.% 1 . ,
, '%', , .)
mysql -u _ t e s t , mysql -
_ ___ - , ,
___.
mysql -u _ , , ,
.
Access denied ,
user Host,
(.. '%' '_').
, '%' Host '' User ,
localhost . , 'localhost' Host
' ' User. localhost , '%', ,
localhost!
'localhost' Host ''
User, 'localhost'
Host ' ' User. FLUSH PRIVILEGES, .
,
db host:
Access to database denied

db Host,
, host , , , , db.
MySQL , Access
denied , SELECT.. .INTO
OUTFILE LOAD DATA INFILE, , user FILE.
(
INSERT, UPDATE DELETE) , , FLUSH PRIVILEGES flush-privileges,
. -
4.4. MySQL
295
. , root
UPDATE ,
, , ,
.
,
, , MySQL.
,
, 4.4.7.
Perl, PHP,
Python ODBC, mysql -u
_ __ mysql - _ -
__. mysql ,
, , .
( - ; passwor1=. -,
MySQL .)
mysqld --skip-grant-tables.
MySQL
mysqlaccess, ,
. , mysqladmin flush-privileges, . (
skip-grant-tables, .)
, mysqld (,
debug=d,general,query). , , .
MySQL, ,
, , MySQL. mysqldump mysql, - mysqlbug. . 1.7.1.3.
mysqldump .
4.4.9 MySQL 4.1

MySQL user mysql. , Password
User , -. -
PASSWORD ().
MySQL - :
, , , - - user .
4.
296
, ,
- , user. PASSWORD (), - , GRANT SET PASSWORD.
, - ,
. -,
PASSWORD ()
GRANT SET PASSWORD, .
MySQL 4.1 .
4.1, . , 4.1,
( 4.1),
, . , , 4.1, 4.1. , mysql 4.0 4.1 :
shell> mysql -h localhost -u root

, ;
MySQL

, 4.1 , ( 4.1) . .2.3.
;
4.1
{
, 4.1, 4.1.1.
' ' MySQL 4.1.0 "", \ 4.1.1 . 4.1.0
'(' 4.4.9.2.
, MySQL 4.1, - , PASSWORD (), 16 :
mysql> SELECT PASSWORD('mypass');
PASSWORD('mypass') |
+
6f8cll4b58f2ce9e
|
Password user ( -)
MySQL 4.1 16 .
MySQL 4.1, PASSWORD () , 41 :
4.4. MySQL
297
mysql> SELECT PASSWORD('mypass');

+
I PASSWORD!'mypass1)
I *43c8aa34cdc98eddd3delfe9a9c2c2a9f92bb2098d75 |
+
, Password user 41
, :
, MySQL 4.1, Password
41 .
MySQL 4.1, mysql_fix_privilege_tables,
Password 16 41 . (
, - 16 .)
Password - ,
. - :
- - (16 41 ).
: - '*', - - .
- , - , , .
- , , , - , .
, - ,
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(), -.
(), ,
-, :
, , 4.1,
, , -
.
, 4.1,
, -.
-, 4.1,
. ,
, :
, 4.1, - .
298
4.
4.1, - .
4.1, - .
, - ,
Password old-passwords. 4.1 -, :
Password , ,
old-password . :
Password ,
- (41 ). -
16 ( , 4.1.), ,
,
PASSWORD () GRANT
SET PASSWORD, -. , 4.1,
mysql_f ix_privilege_tables, Password.
Password ,
-. PASSWORD () GRANT SET PASSWORD -,
--old-passwords,
- .
old-passwords
, 4.1, , - .
( 4.1 - ), - user
. , 4.1 . old-passwords , :
-
.
. --old-passwords ,
- .
, ,
- ,
. (
- ,
4.1, -,
.)
, ( 4.1) , 4.1 old-passwords.

--old-passwords - , , ,
4.4. MySQL
299
. (
, , , -.)
old-passwords , -
( 4.1). , , - , . -, (,
4.1), ,
old-passwords.
4.1 :
1. Password user .
Password -.
.
- PASSWORD(), GRANT SET PASSWORD

-.
- .
old-password , ,
Password , - .
2. Password ;
old-password.
Password , -.
4.1
, -.
( 4.1)
-.
- PASSWORD!), GRANT SET PASSWORD

-.
- .
, ,
- , 4.1. , PASSWORD () GRANT SET PASSWORD, ,
- . ( 4.1) ,
4.1.
, . ,
SET PASSWORD :
mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR ''@'
= PASSWORD('mypass');
300
4.
-,
SET PASSWORD OLD_PASSWORD ():
mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR '1@!' = OLD_PASSWORD('mypass');

OLD_PASSWORD() ,
-.
3. Password ;
old-passwords.
Password , -.
4.1
, - ( ,
- , old-passwords).
( 4.1)
-.
- PASSWORD(), GRANT SET PASSWORD
-.
- .
- , old-passwords . , -
old-passwords,
, , , -.
:
1 -, .
2 - ( 4.1) ,
OLD_PASSWORD ().
3 old-passwords ,
- , , - -, , --old-passwords.
4.4.9.1.

MySQL 4.1 , PASSWORD () . , PASSWORD!) MySQL.
PASSWORD () .
4.5. MySQL
301
4.1 - , , PASSWORD ()
, . - , - , , SHA1O MD5(). ,
OLD_PASSWORD (), - . , ,
OLD_PASSWORD () .
-,
OLD_PASSWORD () , PASSWORD ().
4.4.9.2. MySQL 4.1.0

MySQL 4.1.0 4.1.1
:
- 45 , 41 .
PASSWORD () ,
PASSWORD (x) .
MySQL 4.1.0 . MySQL 4.1.0

. user ,
41 .
45.
MySQL
, MySQL. :
MySQL
, .
SSL.
4.5.1. MySQL
MySQL ( ) , .
. , MySQL, ,
:
, MySQL , (
302
4.
) Windows Unix. Unix , MySQL Unix, .
,
- user.
, ,
,
, . ,
, , .
MySQL 16 ,
.
, Unix 8 .
MySQL ,
. , Windows Unix, , ,
MySQL .
MySQL .
, Unix
. MySQL , SQL- PASSWORD (), Unix
SQL- ENCRYPT (). 4.1, MySQL
, , , . , TCP/IP mysql. ( ,
user , , ,
, MySQL.)
MySQL . , 2.4.5,
. , , , MySQL
GRANT REVOKE.
MySQL , :
shell> mysql user=monty password=guess __
, :
shell> mysql -u monty -pguess __
- . .
4.4.4.
,
(. 4.5.6).
, password -, :
4.5. MySQL
303
shell> mysql user=monty password __

shell> mysql -u monty -p ___
. (
__ ,
__ password .)
, MySQL
, 8 .
, MySQL. MySQL - . ,
MySQL , .
4.5.2. MySQL
MySQL :
GRANT.
MySQL.
GRANT, . GRANT , MySQL 3.22.11; "MySQL. ".

,
MySQL, , ,
phpMyAdmin.
, mysql . , , 2.4.5. ,
- ,
MySQL (root) , root
INSERT mysql
RELOAD.
mysql
(root) MySQL:
shell> mysql user=root mysql
root , ( ) password -.
root,
. GRANT :
mysql>
->
mysql>
->
mysql>
mysql>
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO ' m o n t y ' @ ' l o c a l h o s t 1

IDENTIFIED BY ' s o m e j > a s s ' WITH GRANT OPTION;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'monty 1 @'%'
IDENTIFIED BY ' s o m e _ p a s s ' WITH GRANT OPTION;
GRANT RELOAD,PROCESS ON *.* TO ' a d m i n ' @ ' l o c a l h o s t ' ;
GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO ' d u m m y ' @ ' l o c a l h o s t ' ;
, GRANT,
:
304
4.
monty
some_pass
1
. ('monty'@'localhost )
. ('monty'@'%') -
. ,
monty
monty. localhost
localhost, mysql_install_db,
monty . monty
. ,
Host,
monty' @ ' % ' , user. (
user 4.4.5.)
admin .
. RELOAD PROCESS,
mysqladmin reload, mysqladmin r e f r e s h mysqladmin
flush-xxx commands, mysqladmin p r o c e s s l i s t .
,
GRANT.
dummy .
.
. USAGE GRANT
' N'
. ,
.
, INSERT,
:
shell> mysql --user=root mysql

mysql> INSERT INTO user
->
VALUES (' localhost', 'monty', PASSWORD ( somejaass ) ,
->
'YVYVYVYVYVYVYVYVYVYVYVYVYVY');
mysql> INSERT INTO user
->
VALUES (' %' , 'monty' , PASSWORD (' some_pass') ,
->
'YVYVY'/YVYVYVYVYVYVYVYVYVYVY');
mysql> INSERT INTO user SET Host='localhost',User='admin',
->
Reload_priv='Y', Process_priv='Y';
mysql> INSERT INTO user (Host,User,Password)
->
VALUES('localhost 1 ,'dummy', " ) ;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES INSERT , .
. GRANT FLUSH PRIVILEGES .
4.5. MySQL
305
PASSWORD () . GRANT
, PASSWORD () .
' Y' . MySQL, ' Y' INSERT. ( MySQL, 3.22.11,
; 4.0.2 .)
admin INSERT,
SET, , MySQL 3.22.11.
INSERT dummy
Host, User Password user. ,
MySQL ' N'. , GRANT USAGE.
, , , ' Y' user. user ,
.
,
.
custom obscure.
GRANT, :
s h e l l > mysql u s e r = r o o t mysql
mysql> GRANT SELECT,INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE,CREATE,DROP
->
ON b a n k a c c o u n t . *
->
TO ' c u s t o m ' @ ' l o c a l h o s t '
->
IDENTIFIED BY ' o b s c u r e ' ;
->
ON e x p e n s e s . *
->
TO 'custom1@'whitehouse.gov'
->
IDENTIFIED BY 'obscure';
-> ON customer.*
-> TO 'cus torn'@'server.domain'
->
IDENTIFIED BY 'obscure';
:
bankaccount,
.
expenses,
whitehouse. gov.
customer,
server .domain.
custom GRANT, INSERT, :
shell> mysql user=root mysql
->
VALUES('localhost','custom',PASSWORD('obscure'));
306
4.

1
-> VALUES('whitehouse.gov','custom ,PASSWORD('obscure'));
-> VALUES('server.domain','custom',PASSWORD('obscure'));
mysql> INSERT INTO db
->
(Host,Db, User, Selectj?riv,Insert_jpriv,
->
Update_priv, Deletejpriv, Createjpriv, Dropjpriv)
->
VALUES('localhost','bankaccount','custom',
->
'YVYVYVYVYVY');

->
(Host,Db,User,Selectjpriv,Insert jpriv,
- > Updatejpriv, DeleteJ?riv, Create_priv, Drop jpriv)
->
VALUES('whitehouse.gov','expenses','custom',
->
'Yf,'Y','Y','Y','Y','Y');
->
(Hos t,Db,User,Select_priv,Insertjpriv,
-> Updatejpriv, Delete_priv, Create_priv, Drop_priv)
-> VALUES (' server.domain',' customer',' custom',
->
'Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y');
INSERT user,
custom , (
'N'). INSERT db,
bankaccount, expenses customer,
. , ,
,
FLUSH PRIVILEGES, , .

(, mydomain.com), GRANT,
'%' ,
:
mysql> GRANT ...
-> ON *.*
- > ' myname' @ ' %. mydomain. com'
-> IDENTIFIED BY 'mypass1;
,
, :
mysql> INSERT INTO user (Host,User,Password,. . .)
-> VALUES (' %.mydomain. com','myname', PASSWORD ('mypass '),...);
4.5.3.
MySQL
DROP USER,
MySQL 4.1.1. DELETE.
4.5. MySQL
307
MySQL :
1. SHOW GRANTS ,
.
2. REVOKE SHOW GRANTS
. , user, , ( user).
3. DROP USER user.
DROP USER MySQL 4.1.1. , 4.1.1,
, ,
user :
mysql> DELETE FROM mysql.user
-> WHERE User='_* and
Host='_';
4.5.4.
MySQL 4.0.2 MySQL max_user_connections.
. ,
,
, , . MySQL,
Internet.
MySQL 4.0.2, :
.
.
.
. , , .
- user. User Host.
,
user mysql , .
, ,
max_questions, max_updates max_connections. ,
user ; . 2.5.8.
GRANT, WITH,
, . ,
, customer, , :
308
4.
mysql> GRANT ALL ON c u s t o m e r . * TO ' f r a n c i s 1 @ ' l o c a l h o s t '

->
IDENTIFIED BY ' f r a n k '
->
WITH MAX_QUERIES_PER_HOUR 20
->
MAXJJPDATESJPERJtoUR 10
->
MAX_CONNECTIONS_PER_HOUR 5 ;
WITH, ,
, . , // . GRANT
WITH, , - 0 ( ).
, GRANT USAGE (ON *. *).
francis , , 100:
mysql> GRANT USAGE ON * . * TO ' f r a n c i s ' @ ' l o c a l h o s t '
->
WITH MAX__QUERIES_PER_HOUR 1 0 0 ;

.
, 0. , francis
, :
mysql> GRANT USAGE ON * . * TO ' f r a n c i s ' @ ' l o c a l h o s t '
->
WITH MAX_CONNECTIONSJ>ER_HOUR 0 ;
, 0.
,
.
, . ,
: .
.
, . , 50, 100,
, . ,
, .
( 0) , :

0, FLUSH USER_RESOURCES (, FLUSH PRIVILEGES
mysqladmin reload).
,
. GRANT USAGE,
, , ,
.
4.5. MySQL
309
4.5.5.
, mysqladmin:
shell> mysqladmin -u _ -h _ password "_"
, , , user _
User , , Host.
- SET PASSWORD:
m y s q l > SET PASSWORD FOR ' J e f f r e y ' @ ' % '
= PASSWORD('biscuit');
, root,
mysql, . , ,
FOR:
mysql> SET PASSWORD = P A S S W O R D ( ' b i s c u i t ' ) ;
GRANT USAGE (ON *. *) :

m y s q l > GRANT USAGE ON * . * TO ' J e f f r e y ' @ ' % '
IDENTIFIED BY ' b i s c u i t ' ;

,
user:
, Password:
shell>
mysql>
->
mysql>
mysql -u r o o t mysql
INSERT INTO u s e r (Host,User,Password)
VALUES('%','Jeffrey',PASSWORD('biscuit'));
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

UPDATE, Password:
'shell>
mysql>
->
mysql>
mysql -u root mysql

UPDATE user SET Password = PASSWORD('bagel')
WHERE Host = '%' AND User = ' f r a n c i s ' ;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
SET PASSWORD, INSERT UPDATE,

PASSWORD () . (
, PASSWORD () , .) , user , . :
s h e l l > mysql -u root mysql
->
VALUES('%','Jeffrey','biscuit');
4.
310
user ,
' b i s c u i t ' . Jeffrey , , user.
' biscuit', :
shell> mysql -u Jeffrey -pbiscuit test
Access denied

GRANT.. .IDENTIFIED BY mysqladmin password, ( ) , PASSWORD () .
!
PASSWORD!) Unix. .
4.5.1.
4.5.6.

mysql.user . user
, MySQL, 4.1, .
MySQL , . , .
- pass wo r ^ , :
shell> mysql -u francis -pfrank __
, , , ps, . MySQL
, - , .
- password . :
shell> mysql -u francis -p __
Enter password: ********
'*' , . .
, , .
,
. -
4.5. MySQL
311
. ( ).
. , Unix [client] .my.cnf :
[client]
pas s wo r (1=
.my.cnf, , , . ,
400 600:
shell> chmod 600 .my.cnf
, , 3.3.2.
MYSQL_PWD.
, . ps
. , MYSQLPWD,
, ps. , ps, , , , , . .
.

.
4.5.7.
4.0.0, MySQL () MySQL
(Secure Sockets Layer - SSL). SSL, SSH Windows.
, MySQL
, . - . MySQL. ,
, .
MySQL . , , : SSL-.
4.5.7.1. SSL
, MySQL SSL, SSL 509. , ,
.
312
4.
MySQL
. , , ,
, / , . , -compress. .
, . -
. ,
,
,
.
SSL - ,
, .
, . SSL
, 509.
509 Internet.
. , "Certificate Authority" (" "),
, .
, ( ). . .
, , ,
.
SSL, X509 Internet, .
4.5.7.2.
MySQL ,
, OpenSSL, MySQL .
4.0.0.
MySQL,
:
1. OpenSSL. MySQL OpenSSL O.9.6.
OpenSSL http: //www.openessl .org.
2. MySQL configure
with-vio with-openessl.
3. ,
SSL mysql.user. , MySQL,
4.0.0. 2.5.8.
4. , mysqld OpenSSL, , have_openessl:
4.5. M y S Q L
313
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'have_openssl';

+
+
+
| Variable_name | Value I
+
+
+
| have_openssl
| YES
YES, , OpenSSL.
4.5.7.3. SSL- MySQL

SSL- MySQL:
DIR=NpwdVopenssl
PRIV=$DIR/private
rakdir $DIR $PRIV $DIR/newcerts
cp /usr/share/ssl/openssl.cnf $DIR
replace ./demoCA $DIR -- $DIR/openssl.cnf
# : $database, $serial
# $new_certs_dir ()
touch $DIR/index.txt
echo "01" > $DIR/serial
#
# Certificate Authority (CA)( )
#
openssl req -new -x509 -keyout $PRIV/cakey.pem -out $DIR/cacert.pem\
-config $DIR/openssl.cnf
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
:
/horae/monty/openssl/openssl.cnf
1024
RSA
++++++
++++++

'/home/monty/openssl/private/cakey.pem1
:
- :
,
.
" ", DN
(Distinguished Name).

.
.
'.' .
( ) [AU]:FI
() [- ]:.
(, ) []:
(, ) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:MySQL AB
314
4.
# [ ]:
# (, ) []: MySQL
# []:
#
#
#
openssl req -new -keyout $DIR/server-key.pem -out \
$DIR/server-req.pem -days 3600 -config $DIR/openssl.cnf
# :
# /home/monty/openssl/openssl.cnf
# 1024
# RSA
#
++++++
#
++++++
#
# '/home/monty/openssl/private/cakey.pem'
# :
# - :
#
# ,
# .
# " ", DN
# (Distinguished Name).
#
# .
# .
# '.' .
#
# ( ) [AU]:FI
# () [- ]:.
# (, ) []:
# (, ) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:MySQL AB
# []:
# (, ) []: MySQL
# []:
#
# , '' ,
#
# []:
# ()[]:
#
# ()
#
openssl rsa -in $DIR/server-key.pem -out $DIR/server-key.pem
#
#
#
openssl ca -policy policy_anything -out $DIR/server-cert.pem \
-config $DIR/openssl.cnf -infiles $DIR/server-req.pem
4.5. MySQL
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
:
/home/monty/openssl/openssl.cnf
:
, .

:
::'FI'
1
::'MySQL AB
::'MySQL admin'
13 14:22:46 2005 (
) ( 365 )
? [()/()]: ()
1 1 , ? [()/()]: ()

#
#
#
openssl req -new -keyout $DIR/client-key.pem -out \
$DIR/client-req.pem -days 3600 -config $DIR/openssl.cnf
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
:
1024
RSA
++++++
++++++

'/home/monty/openssl/client-key.pem'
:
- :
,
.
" ", DN
(Distinguished Name).

.
.
'.' .
( ) [AU]:FI
() [- ]:.
(, ) []:
(, ) [Internet Widgits Pty
Ltd]:MySQL AB
[]:
(, ) []: MySQL
[ ]:
315
316
4.
#
#
#
#
, '' ,

[]:
()[]:
#
# ()
#
openssl rsa -in $DIR/client-key.pem -out $DIR/client-key.pem
#
#
#
openssl ca -policy policy_anything -out $DIR/client-cert.pem \
-config $DIR/openssl.cnf -infiles $DIR/client-req.pem
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
:
:
, .

:
::FI'
::'MySQL AB'
::'MySQL admin'
13 14:22:46 2005 (
) ( 365 )
? [()/()]: ()
1 1 , ? [()/()]: ()

my.cnf,

cnf=""
cnf="$cnf [client]"
cnf="$cnf ssl-ca=$DIR/cacert.pem"
cnf="$cnf ssl-cert=$DIR/client-cert.pem"
cnf="$cnf ssl-key=$DIR/client-key.pem"
cnf="$cnf [mysqld]"
cnf="$cnf ssl-ca=$DIR/cacert.pem"
cnf="$cnf ssl-cert=$DIR/server-cert.pem"
cnf="$cnf ssl-key=$DIR/server-key.pem"
echo $cnf | replace " " '
' > $DIR/my.cnf
SSL-, :
shell> mysqld --defaults-file=$DIR/my.cnf &
$DIR - , my. cnf.
4.5. MySQL
317
shell> mysql --defaults-file=$DIR/my.cnf

MySQL, , my.cnf , SSL.
4.5.7.4. SSL- GRANT

, MySQL
509. SSL MySQL, REQUIRE
GRANT, "MySQL. ".
4.5.7.5. SSL
, SSL,
. , MySQL 4.O.
, .
ssl. ,
SSL-. SSL. SSL-,
, sslca, ssl-cert
ssl-key.
ssl skip-ssl
SS1=0,TO , , SSL .
, --ssl SSL-. , SSL, .
SSL- -
, REQUIRE SSL
GRANT, , ,
SSL.
ssi-=_.
() SSL.
ssi-capat=_. , SSL (
).
s si-1=_. SSL, .
ssl-1\\=_. , SSL-. _ ,
openssl ciphers.
: --ssl-cipher=ALL:-AES:-EXP
ssl-ke=_. SSL,
.
318
4.
4.5.7.6. MySQL SSH

Windows
, MySQL SSH,
(David Carlson, dcarlson@mplcomm.com).
1. SSH- Windows. , ,
( ) - ,
SecureCRT (http://www.vandyke.com/).
f-secure (http://www.f-secure.com/). , Google
http://directory.google.com/Top/Computers/Security/Products_and_Tools/Cry
ptography/SSH/Clients/Windows/ .
2. Windows- SSH. Host_Name = -__1aMpec_cepBepa_MySQL, user6.=__
. userid
MySQL.
3. : (local_port: 330,
remote_host: 1-__1-___50, remote_port: 3306),
(port: 3306, host: localhost, remote port: 3306).
4. ; , .
5. SSH.
6. Windows - ODBC- (, Access).
7. Windows MySQL ODBC-
, , __8()1
MySQL localhost.
ODBC- MySQL, SSH.
46.
, . SQL-
MySQL. .
My ISAM.
InnoDB 9.9.
4.6.1.
MySQL , . , LOCK TABLES, - FLUSH
TABLES. , ,
4.6.
319
. FLUSH TABLES , , .
SQL, SELECT INTO.. .OUTFILE BACKUP
TABLE. SELECT INTO.. .OUTFILE ;
BACKUP TABLE MySQL 3.23.56 MySQL 4.0.12,
.
-
mysqldump mysqlhotcopy. . 7.8 7.9.
1. :
shell> mysqldump tab=///'/
opt __
shell> mysqlhotcopy __ ////

(*.frm, *.MYD *.MYI),
. mysqlhotcopy
. ,
innoDB, . InnoDB
, mysqlhotcopy
My IS AM ISAM.
2. mysqld, , - - l o g - b i n [ =
_]. . 4.8.4. ,
, ,
, ,
mysqldump.
MySQL , ,
, m a s t e r . i n f o r e l a y log, info. .
LOAD DATA INFILE,
SQL_LOAD-*, , - - s l a v e - l o a d tmpdir. ( , tmpdir). , LOAD DATA INFILE.
My ISAM,
REPAIR TABLE myisamchk -. 99,9% .
myisamchk , . ( ,
, l o g - b i n ; .
4.8.4.)
1. , mysqldump,
.
320
4.
2. ,
:
shell> mysqlbinlog _-. [0-9]* | mysql

(
, , ,
). ,
mysqlbinlog , 7.5.
, :
shell> I s - I - t - _.[0-9]* | xargs cat | mysql
Is ,
.
:
, SELECT * INTO OUTFILE _*
FROM '_ '.
, LOAD DATA INFILE
' _' REPLACE... ,
UNIQUE PRIMARY KEY.
REPLACE ,
.

, . . 5.1.
Veritas, :
1. FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK.
2. mount vxf s snapshot.
3. UNLOCK TABLES.
4. .
5. .
4.6.2.

myisamchk My ISAM (, .MYI .MYD). isamchk ISAM (, . ISM . ISD). . 8.
myisamchk
.
, myisamchk (
4.6.
321
), myisamchk
.
myisamchk - , ( ,
), -
.
myisamchk , , FULLTEXT ,
, MySQL. , 4.6.2.2.

My ISAM SQL-, ,
myisamchk:
MylSAM CHECK TABLE
REPAIR TABLE.
MylSAM OPTIMIZE TABLE.
MylSAM ANALYZE TABLE.
, , MySQL 3.23.14.
mysqlcheck, .
myisamchk
, . ,
myisamchk, , . myisamchk .
4.6.2.1. myisamchk
myisamchk :
s h e l l > myisamchk [] ^
, myisamchk . . myisamchk help.

, myisamchk .
myisamchk , ,
.
_ - , . myisamchk , , myisamchk , .
myisamchk ,
. , , .
myisamchk.
(
.MYI).
4.
322
* .MYI. , , My ISAM
:
shell> myisamchk *.MYI
, , ,
:
shell> myisamchk ///__/* .MYI
, , ('*') MySQL:
shell> myisamchk /// ^/*I* .MYI

My ISAM ISAM :
shell> myisamchk silent fast /// /* /* .MYI
shell> isamchk silent ///_/*/*.ISM
My ISAM ISAM , :
shell> myisamchk silent force fast update-state \
-0 keyjbuffer=64M -0 sort_buffer=64M \
-0 read_buffer=lM -0 writeJmffer=lM \
///_/*/*.MYI
shell> isamchk silent force -0 keyJbuffer=64M \
-0 sortjDuffer=64M -0 read_buffer=lM -0 write_buffer=lM \
///__/*/*. ISM
64
. myisamchk
4.6.2.6.
, myisamchk
. myisamchk :
warning: clients are using or haven't closed the table properly
:
, ( , , mysqld),
, .
mysqld , , FLUSH TABLES, . , , myisamchk. - myisamchk CHECK TABLE.
4.6.2.2. myisamchk
, , , myisamchk.
, , .
help, -?. .
4.6.
323
1=_, -# _. .
_ ' d: t : , _'.
s i l e n t , -s. .
. -s (-ss) .
--verbose, -v. . .
-d -. , -v (-vv, -vvv).
v e r s i o n , -V. .
wait, -w. , , ,
, . ,
mysqld s k i p - e x t e r n a l - l o c k i n g , myisamchk.
, _=
:
decode_bits
f t_max_word_len
ft_min_word_len
key_buffer_size
523264
myisam_block_size
1024
read_buffer_size
262136
sort_buffer_size
2097144
sort_key_blocks
16
write_buffer_size
262136
s e t - v a r i a b l e =
^ -0 _= . MySQL
4.0 .
myisamchk
myisamchk h e l p :
s o r t _ b u f f e r _ s i z e , ,
recover.
key_buffer_size extend-check
(
).
s a f e - r e c o v e r .
, , (
) , .
, CHAR, VARCHAR TEXT ,
324
4.
. , sort-recover.
, ,
.
,
key_buffer_size sort_buffer_size , 25%
. ,
.
myisamblocksize - , . , MySQL 4.O.O.
f t_min_word_len f t_max_word_len ,
MySQL 4.0.0, a f t s t o p w o r d f i l e - MySQL 4.0.19.
f t_min_word_len f t_max_word_len FULLTEXT. f t_stopword_f i l e -.
.
myisamchk , ( ), FULLTEXT
, -, , . .
- , . My ISAM . , -
, myisamchk , mysqld, ft_min_word_len, ft_max_word_len ft__stopword_file. , 3, myisamchk
:
shell> myisamchk recover ft_min_word_len=3 _ . MYI
, myisamchk
,
[mysqld], [myisamchk] :
[mysqld]
ft__min_word_len=3
[myisamchk]
ft__min_word_len=3
myisamchk
REPAIR TABLE, ANALYZE TABLE, OPTIMIZE TABLE ALTER TABLE. , ,
.
4.6.2.3. myisamchk
myisamchk ,
:
4.6.
325
check, -. . , , .
-check-only-changed, -. ,
.
extend-check, -e. .
, .
.
myisamchk myisamchk medium-check ,
.
extend-check , key_buffer_size
.
fast, -F. ,
.
force, -f. , myisamchk

. , ,
repair -.
information, -i. .
medium-check, -m. , extend-check.

99,99% ,
.
--read-only, -. . ,
myisamchk , -
, (, mysqld, skip-external-locking).
update-state, -U.
.MYI. ,
check-only-changed, - mysqld, --skip-external-locking.
4.6.2.4. myisamchk
myisamchk ,
:
backup, -. .MYD ^- ..
character-sets-dir=nyTb. , . .
4.7.1.
correct-checksum. .
--data-file-length=#, -D #. () (
, "").
extend-check, -e.
.
326
4.
. ,
.
force, -f. ( __)).
~keys-used=#, -k #. myisamchk ,
. , - 0. isamchk , # . 0
, .
myisamchk
- isamchk -r.
no-symlinks, - I . He . myisamchk , .
, MySQL 4.O. 4.0
.
parallel-recover, -p. , - -,
, . MySQL
4.0.2. -.
!
quick, -q. .
-q, myisamchk
, .
recover, -r. , , ( ISAM My ISAM

). , , . -,
myisamchk , - ( , ,
).
safe-recover, -.
,
.
, -, , -
. , -. -,
, -.

key_buffer__size.
set-character-set=niwi. , .
sort-recover, -n. myisamchk

,
.
4.6.
327
--tmpdir=nyrb, - t . , . , myisamchk
TMPDIR. MySQL 4.1, tmpdir
, .
Unix
(':'), Windows, NetWare OS/2 - (';').
--unpack, -u. ,
myisampack.
4.6.2.5. myisamchk
myisamchk :
--analyze, -. . , ,
, , .
myisamchk description verbose _ SHOW
KEYS FROM ^.
description, -d. .
set-auto-increment[^],
-[].
AUTO_INCREMENT ( ,
AUTO_INCREMENT ).
, AUTO_INCREMENT
.
sort-index, -S.
. .
sort-records=#, -R #. .
SELECT ORDER BY, . (
.)
SHOW KEYS, , myisamchk. 1.
4.6.2.6. myisamchk
myisamchk .
myisamchk , -0, .
myisamchk ,
, .

3 . myisamchk. , 32 ( ):
328
4.
shell> myisamchk - sort=16M -0 =16 - read=lM - write=lM ...

- sort=16M .
, myisamchk TMPDIR. TMPDIR
, " " . , , TMPDIR
myisamchk.
myisamchk :
(
). quick ,
. ,
, ,
.
,
.
, . , .
recover --sort-recover ( safe-recover) . :
{_ + __) * _ * 2
__ myisamchk
-dv _. ( TMPDIR tmpdi=).
,
, ,
safe-recover recover.
4.6.2.7. myisamchk
mysqld skip-external-locking (
, , Unix) myisamchik, mysqld, . , mysqld , myisamchk, , , mysqladmin
flush-tables. , mysqld ,
. myisamchik , mysqld, , , .
skip-external-locking myisamchik . , ,
, , myisamchik
.
4.6.
329
myisamchik ,
, mysqld ( , skip-external-locking). ,
mysqld, , , mysqladmin flush-tables,
myisamchik.
myisamchik .
, MySQL
, . , , . . .4.2.
, My ISAM, ,
. . 8.1.4.
, My ISAM _
:
_. f rm
().
_ . MY D
_ . MY I
,
.
myisamchik .MYD .
.MYD
. quick myisamchik
.MYD, , .MYD , , .MYD. , myisamchik , .MYD,
, . myisamchik
quick .
( , , ) myisamchik
, .MYD.
quick ,
.
, , ,
myisamchik.
4.6.2.8. MyiSAM
My ISAM :
myisamchk _. 99,9% .
,
( ). , myisamchk -s silent.
330
4.
myisamchk -m _. 99,999% .
,
.
,
.
myisamchk -e _. (- ).

, , ,
.
. myisamchk ,
. ,
verbose (-v). myisamchk ,
20.
myisamchk -e -i _. , -i myisamchk .
myisamchk, , , .
4.6.2.9.
, myisamchk MylSAM (
.MYI .MYD). ISAM ( .ISM .ISD)
myisamchk isamchk.
.
MySQL 3.23.16 MylSAM
( ) CHECK TABLE REPAIR TABLE.
, , , :
__. f rm .
_.1 ( : ###).
.
.
### .
, perror
###, ### - . perror
, , :
shell> perror 126 127 132 134 135 136 141 144 145
126 = Index f i l e is crashed / Wrong f i l e format
/
127 = Record-file is crashed

132 = Old database file

4.6.
331
134 = Record was already deleted (or record f i l e crashed)

( )
135 = No more room in record f i l e

136 = No more room in index f i l e

141 = Duplicate unique key or constraint on write or update

144 = Table is crashed and l a s t repair failed

145 = Table was marked as crashed and should be repaired

, 135 ("
") 136 (" ") , . ALTER TABLE,
MAX_ROWS AVG_ROW_LENGTH:
ALTER TABLE _
MAX_ROWS=xxx
AVG_ROW_LENGTH=yyy;
, SHOW
CREATE TABLE _.
.
myisamchk .
, .
, . Unix
, , mysqld ( , ). , .
myisamchk isamchk 4.6.2.
,
, myisamchk isamchk.
, . , mysqladmin
shutdown , mysqld
mysqladmin , .
1:
myisamchk * .MYI , , myisamchk -e * .MYI. -s ( ),
.
mysqld , update-state,
myisamchk 'checked' ('').
4.
332
, myisamchk .
2.
"" ( " ") myisamchk 3.
2:
|
, myisamchk
, isamchk s o r t _ b u f f e r _ s i z e k e y _ b u f f e r _ s i z e ,
'%, 25% .
myisamchk -r -q _ ( - -q ).
. , , ,
, . . :
1. , .
2. myisamchk -r _ ( - ).
,
.
3. myisamchk - _ , safe-recover
_. , ,
( ).
"" ( " ") myisamchk 3.
3:
,
16 ,
.
. :
1. - .
2. , ()
.
shell>
mysql>
mysql>
mysql>
mysql _
SET AUTOCOMMIT=1;
TRUNCATE TABLE _;
quit
MySQL TRANCATE TABLE , DELETE FROM _.

3. . (
; , - .)
4.6.
333
2. myisamchk -r -q _ .
( , .)
MySQL 4.0.2, REPAIR TABLE
_ USE_FRM, .
4:
, . f rm .
,
.
1. 3.
2.
myisamchk -r.
2. , , ,
. , . f rm
.
, .MYD .
2 .
4.6.2.10.
, ,
myisamchk :
shell> myisamchk -r _
SQL-
OPTIMIZE TABLE. , , , . ,
OPTIMIZE TABLE, .
myisamchk , :
-S, sort-index
-R _, sort-=_
-,analyze
4.6.2.1.
4.6.3.
, , ,
. My ISAM - CHECK TABLE REPAIR TABLE, ,
MySQL 3.3.16.
- myisamchk.
myisamchk -s. -s ( - - s i l e n t )
334
4.
myisamchk ,
.
. ,
, , , - , ( " "). MylSAM myisam-recover, , MySQL 3.23.25.
, mysqldsafe
, myisamchk ,
24 ,
.pid ( ). .pid mysqld
. .pid
, mysqld .
- , , .pid.
, . MySQL AB ,
; crontab :
35 0 * * 0 ///myisamchk fast silent ///_/*/* .MYI
, , , .
(
) MySQL AB ( !),
.
myisamchk -s ,
24 ,
MySQL , MySQL AB.
MySQL .
(, VARCHAR, BLOB
TEXT)

(, ).
OPTIMIZE TABLE. ,
mysqld ,
( ):
shell> myisamchk -r -s sort-index -0 sort_buffer_size=16M */*.MYI
ISAM:
shell> isamchk - -s sort-index -0 sort_buffer_size=16M */*.ISM
4.6.4.
, .
:
4.6.
335
myisamchk -d _. myisamchk " " . , MySQL
skip-external locking, myisamchk

, . ,
myisamchk " ", .
myisamchk -d -v _. -v myisamchk
, , .
myisamchk - e i s _.
. , .
myisamchk - e i v _. - e i s ,
, .
.
:
-rw-rw-r-- I monty
tcx
317235748 Jan 12 17:30 company.MYD
-rw-rw-r 1 davida
tcx
96482304 Jan 12 18:35 company.MYM
myisamchk -d:
MylSAM file: company.MYI

Record format: Fixed length
Data records: 1403698 Deleted blocks: 0
Recordlength: 226
table description:
Key Start Len Index
Type
1 2
8 unique double
2
15 10 multip. text packed stripped
3
219 8 multip. double
4
63 10 multip. text packed stripped
5
167 2 multip. unsigned short
6
177 4 multip. unsigned long
7
155 4 multip. text
8
9
193 1
text
myisamchk -d -v:
MylSAM file:
Record format:
File-version:
Creation time:
Recover time:
Status:
company
Fixed length
1
1999-10-30 12:12:51
1999-10-31 19:13:01
checked
Data records:
1403698 Deleted blocks:
0
Datafile parts:
1403698 Deleted data:
0
Datafile pointer (bytes):
3 Keyfile pointer (bytes):
3
Max datafile length: 3791650815 Max keyfile length: 4294967294
Recordlength:
226
336
4.
table description:
Key Start Len Index Type
Rec/key
1 2
8 unique double
1
2
2 15
10 multip. text packed stripped
73
3
219 8 multip. double
10 multip. text packed stripped
5
4
63
5 167 2 multip. unsigned short
4840
6
1346
7
155 4 multip. text
4995
8
87
9 177 4 multip. unsigned long
178
193
1
text
Root
Blocksize
15845376
1024
25062400
1024
40907776
1024
1024
48097280
55200768
1024
1024
65145856
75090944
1024
85036032
1024
96481280
1024
myisamchk -eis:
Checking MylSAM file: company
Key: 1: Keyblocks used: 97% Packed: 0% Max levels: 4
Total: Keyblocks used: 98% Packed: 17%
Records :
1403698 M.recordlength:: 226
Packed:
0%
Recordspace used:
100% Empty space:
0%
Blocks/Record:
1.00
Record blocks:
1403698 Delete blocks:
0
Recorddata:
317235748
Deleted data:
0
Lost space:
0 Linkdata:
0
User time 1626.51, System time 232.36
Maximum resident set size 0, Integral resident set size 0
Non physical pagefaults 0, Physical pagefaults 627, Swaps 0
Blocks in 0 out 0, Messages in 0 out 0, Signals 0
Voluntary context switches 639, Involuntary context switches 28966
myisamchk -eiv:
Checking MylSAM file: company
Data records: 1403698 Deleted blocks:
- check file-size
- check delete-chain
block_size 1024:
index 1:
index 2:
index 3:
index 4:
index 5:
index 6:
index 7:
4.6.
337
index 8:
index 9:
No recordlinks
- check index reference
- check data record references index: 1
Total: Keyblocks used: 9% Packed: 17%
- check records and index references
[LOTS OF ROW NUMBERS DELETED]
Records:
1403698 M.recordlength: 226 Packed:
0%
Recordspace used: 100% Empty space:
0% Blocks/Record: 1.00
Record blocks: 1403698 Delete blocks:
0
Recorddata: 317235748 Deleted data:
0
Lost space:
0 Linkdata:
0
User time 1639.63, System time 251.61
Maximum resident set size 0, Integral resident set size 0
Non physical pagefaults 0, Physical pagefaults 10580, Swaps 0
Blocks in 4 out 0, Messages in 0 out 0, Signals 0
Voluntary context switches 10604, Involuntary context switches 122798
myisamchk . "Keyfile" . "Record" () "row" () .
MylSAM file. () MylSAM.
File-version. MylSAM. 2.
Creation time. /
.
Data records. .
Deleted blocks. , - . ,
. . 4.6.2.10.
338
4.
Datafile parts.
. ,
, , Data records.
Deleted data. , . , . . 4.6.2.10.
Datafile pointer. ( ) . 2, 3, 4
5 . 2 ,
MySQL . - ,
- .
Keyf i l e pointer. ( ) . 1, 2 3 . 2 ,
MySQL . .
Max datafile length. ( ).
Max keyf i l e length.
( ).
Recordlength.
( ).
Record format. , . Fixed length.
- Compressed Packed.
table description. . myisamchk
:
Key. .
Start. .
Len. .
.
,
.
Index. . - unique multiple.
. . MylSAM.
- packed, stripped empty.
Root. .
Blocksize. . 1024,

MySQL .
Rec/key. , . . 1.
( ) myisamchk -a.
, 30.
4.6.
339
, ,
table description. , , .
Keyblocks used. . myisamchk ( ,

) ( ).
Packed ( ). MySQL . CHAR, VARCHAR

DECIMAL. , ,
. 10 , 60%.
Max levels. - .
Max levels .
Records. .
M.recordlength. .
, .
Packed ( ). MySQL .
Packed .
Recordspace used. .
Empty space. .
Blocks /Record. , ( , ).
1.0. 1.0 , . , .
Recordblocks. ().
.
Deleteblocks. ().
Recorddata. .
Deleted data. ( ).
Lost space. , . ( ).
Linkdata. ,
( 4 7 ). Linkdata , .
myisampack myisamchk -d .
, , 7.2.
340
4.
4.7. MySQL
4.7.1.

MySQL ISO-8859-1 (Latin 1)
/ . .
MySQL with-extra-charsets=
complex. ,
l a t i n l MySQL.

.
, ,
,
ORDER BY GROUP BY SELECT.
--default-character-set
.
configure: with-charset=na6op -with-extra-charsets=cnncofc-Ha6opoB | complex
I a l l I none ,
0_00_030/charsets/Index. . 2.3.2.
MySQL 4.1.1, default-collation.

. ( SHOW COLLATION
.) . 2.3.2.
MySQL, . myisamchk -r -q setcharacter-set=Ha6op , .
MySQL ,
. .
SQL-
mysql_real_escape_string().
mysql_escape_string(), MySQL,
.
, ,
, , , MySQL, MySQL, , , , .
4.7. MySQL
341
character-sets-dir, , MySQL. ,
:
[client]
character-sets-dir=/usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/charsets
-
:
[client]
default-character-set=Ha6op
.
4.7.1.1.
,
mysqld default-characterset=latinl_de.
:
, , :
->
->
->
-> ss

. .
LIKE
. .
, U, , 0, , .
4.7.2.
mysqld ,
: , , , , , , , , ,
, , , , , , , , , .

mysqld, language -L.
, ,
:
shell> mysqld language=swedish
:
shell> mysqld language=/usr/local/share/swedish
.
( ) share/
MySQL.
342
4.
,
errmsg. txt, errmsg. sys :
shell> comp_err errmsg.txt errmsg.sys
MySQL errmsg.txt.
4.7.3.
* MySQL
. , MySQL.
, , , :
,
, ,
.
, ( )
, .
, l a t i n l danish - , big5
czech - .
MYSET.
,
.
1. MYSET sql/share/charsets/Index
.
2. sql/share/charsets/MYSET.conf. (
sql/share/charsets/latinl. conf.)
:
' # ' .
.

.
ctype - 257 . to_lower[],
to__upper [ ] sort_order [ ], 256 .
. 4.7.4.
3. CHARSETS_AVAILABLE
COMPILED_CHARSETS conf igure. in.
4. , .
:
1. strings/ctype-MySET. MySQL.
2. MYSET sql/share/charsets/Index
.
4.7. MySQL
343
3. ctype-*.c (, strings/
ctype-big5. ) , . , : ctype_MYST, t o_l we r J4YSET . . . 4.7.4.
4. - , :
/*
* configure
* ctype.c, ,
* , .
* .configure, number_MYSET=MYNUMBER
* .configure. strxfrm_multiply_Mir5ET=N
* .configure. mbmaxlen_MYSET=N
*/
configure
MySQL.
strxfrmjnultiply mbmaxlen . .
5. :
my_strncoll_MYST()
my_strcoll_MYSr()
my_strxfim_MYSET()
my_like_range_MYST()
. 4.7.5.
6. CHARSETS_AVAILABLE
COMPILED_CHARSETS configure.in.
7. , .
8. sql/share/charsets/README .
,
MySQL, MySQL internals. .
1.7.1.1.
4.7.4.
to_lower [ ] to_upper [ ]
, , :
to_lower [' 1 ] ' '
to_upper [' ' ] ' '
s o r t o r d e r [ ] , ,
. (
) sort_order[] to_upper[],
. MySQL
344
4.
, s o r t o r d e r [ ].
4.7.5.
type [ ] - , . ( , to_lower[], to_upper[] sort_order[]
, a ctype[] - 1.
, EOF).
mctype .h :
#define U 01
#define L 02
#define N 04
#define _S 010
Idefine _P 020
#define 040
#define 0100
#define X 0200
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
type [ ] , . , '' , (_), ctype['A'+l]

:
_U + _ = 01 + 0200 = 0201
4.7.5.
, sort_order [ ], .
. . big5, czech, gbk, s j i s tisl60.
, , strxfrm_multiply _MYSET=N. N ,
, my_strxfrm_MYSET
( ).
4.7.6.
,
, .
. . euc_kr, gb2312, gbk, sjis
u j is. ctype-' '. strings.
, , mbmaxlen_MYSET=N. N , ( ) .
4.7.7.
, , :
345
4.8. MySQL
, ( /usr/local/mysql/share/
mysql/charsets). , characters e t s - d i r .
,
.
, .
, .
MySQL.
, :
ERROR 1105: File '/usr/local/share/mysql/charsets/?.conf
(Errcode: 2)
not found
Index,
.
My ISAM myisamchk -dvv _.
4.8. MySQL
MySQL ,
, mysqld (. 4.9):
4.9. MySQL

, , .
ISAM
ISAM .
isam.
,
. .
, . .
,
, long_query_time, ,
, .
mysqld. mysqld
( -
) FLUSH LOGS mysqladmin
f l u s h - l o g s mysqladmin r e f r e s h .
346
4.
MySQL , ,
.
5.
4.8.1.
, , , .
mysqld_saf e , mysqld_safe .
mysqld , , .

, .
, .
MySQL 4.0.10, log-error [=_]
, mysqld . _ , mysqld _. err
. ( MySQL 4.0.10 Windows mysql.err.) FLUSH LOGS -old, a mysqld .
MySQL, Unix, mysqld_safe, _.. , mysqld_safe
1=_.
log-error ( Windows) console,
stderr ( ).
Windows .err,
console.
4.8.2.
, mysqld,
1 [=_] -1 [_]. (
_, _. log).
. ,
,
mysqld.
mysql.server ( MySQL 3.23.4 MySQL
3.23.8) safe_mysqld log, . MySQL
, log mysql.server
--log-bin. . 4.8.4.
mysqld , . , -
4.8. MySQL
347
.
, , , ,
.

( FLUSH LOG ). Unix , :
shell> mv __.log ^-old.log
shell> mysqladmin flush-logs
shell> cp _-old.log --
shell> rm _-old.log
Windows , , .
, ,
.
4.8.3.
|
I I . .
|; 4.8.4. ( {I ), . , MySQL 5.O.O.
log-update [=_] mysqld

, SQL-, . _ , .
^ , ,
. _ , mysqld
_.###, ### ,

(FLUSH LOGS, mysqladmin flush-logs mysqladmin refresh).
I
,
, , .
,
, .
, UPDATE DELETE, WHERE , .
UPDATE, .
, . .

(,
_ . # # # ) :
shell> Is - I - t - _.[0-9]* | xargs cat | mysql
Is .
348
4.
,
, ,
.
4.8.4.
, , MySQL 5.O.
.
, , , . , UPDATE DELETE,
WHERE , . UPDATE,
.
, , .
, , .
(,
, ),
. . 4.8.2.
- ,
, ,
, .
, . . 5.

1%.
, .
--log-bin [=_] mysqld
, SQL-, . _ ,
-bin . _ , ,
.
(, log-bin=
_. ), .
mysqld ,
.
(FLUSH LOGS, mysqladmin flush-logs
mysqladmin refresh). ,
, max__binlog_size.
, m a x b i n l o g s i z e :

.
4.8. MySQL
349
, , mysqld , . ,
, , ' .index 1 . log-bin-index= [_].
mysqld .
RESET MASTER,
- PURGE MASTER LOGS.
,
( ,
):
binlog-do-6=__. , ( , USE) __. , , . , .
, , . , binlog-do-db=sales
USE prices; UPDATE sales.January SET amount=amount+1000;
.
1-1-6=__.
, ( , USE) __.
,
.
, , . ,
binlog-ignore-db=sales
USE prices; UPDATE sales.January SET amount=amount+1000;
.
, , .
,
, :
1. 11-^=_/_
, .
, .
2. (binlog-do-db= __ binlog-ignore6=__) . ( - USE?)?

, .
, .
350
4.
3. . - binlog-do-db?
, ,
binlog-do-db?
, .
, .
, .
4. binlog-ignore-db . , ?
, .
, .
, , binlog-do-db=sales,
, ,
sales ( , binlog-do-db " ").
, ,
. -
mysqladmin flush-logs , ,
. , - PURGE MASTER LOGS, ( , MySQL 4.1,
).
SUPER , SET SQL__LOG_BIN=0.

mysqlbinlog. . , MySQL
:
shell> mysqlbinlog - | mysql -h ^
mysqlbinlog , , 7.5.
, MySQL.

, . , .
. BDB InnoDB, (
UPDATE, DELETE INSERT )
, COMMIT. ,
COMMIT, mysqld .
, ,
binlog_cache_size. -
4.8. MySQL
351
, . .
max__binlog_cache_size (
4 ) ,
. max_binlog_cache_size , .
, ,
CREATE.. .SELECT INSERT.. .SELECT,
. , .
3.23, 4.0 5.0.0 .
. 4.0 4.1 . . 5.5.
48.5.
log-slow-queries[=_] mysqld , SQL-,
, longquerytime .
.
_ , -slow.log. ,
, .
,
, , .
, .
,
, , , .

. mysqldumpslow,
.
log-longformat, , , . .
4.2.1.
4.8.6.
MySQL , , , (. 4.8). , .
MySQL, , ,
MySQL . .
4.6.1.
Linux (Red Hat) mysql-log-rotate.
MySQL RPM,
352
4.
. ,
! ( , , .)

, .
mysqladmin flush-logs SQL- FLUSH LOGS. MySQL 3.21
mysqladmin refresh.
:
(log)
(log-slow-queries), (mysql.log _-slow.log no
) .
(--log-update) (log-bin), , - .
,
, , . , :
shell> cd --mysql
shell> mv mysql.log mysql.old
shell> mysqladmin flush-logs
mysql. old.
49. MySQL

mysqld . ,
MySQL,
.
mysqld, .
(, Internet MySQL .)
, ,
, . . 3.3.
, , :
=_
port TCP/IP-.
socket=path
socket Unix Unix, Windows - . Windows
, .
4.9. MySQL
353
shared-memory-base-name=HM#
Windows.
, Windows . MySQL 4.1.
pid-file=nyTb
Unix. ,
.
,
:
log=
1-=
log-update=nyTb
1-=
log-isam=nyTb
bdb-logdir=nyTb
, , 4.8.6.
, -
, :
tmpdir=
bdb-tmpdi=
, ;
, MySQL .
, ,
datadir=.
!
!;<
,
! , ! ( )
;
, |;-, I
. .
,
(NFS). MySQL - !
,
, ,
.
-
.
lockd, , 100% , .
354
4.
, ( )
.
, .
MySQL ,
--basedir=nyTb ,
PID-, . (
.)
socket port. , ,
MySQL tar.
, ( ) bin/mysqldsafe .
mysqld_safe mysqld
basedir; mysqld_safe socket port. (
MySQL, 4.0, mysqld_safe safejnysqld.)
,
. ,
, ,
.
4.9.1. Windows
Windows , . Windows NT
Windows.
MySQL
2.2.1. , ,
,
, , , . 4.9.
4.9.1.1. Windows
,
. , , . , defaults-file
.
, mysqld 3307
C:\mydatal mysqld-max 3308 C:\mydata2 (
, ,
mysql, ).
. , C:\my-optsl.cnf, :
4.9. MySQL
355
[mysqld]
datadir = C:/mydatal
port = 3307
: \my-opts2. cnf:
[mysqld]
datadir = C:/mydata2
port = 3308
, :
:\> C:\mysql\bin\mysqld ~defaults-file=C:\my-optsl.cnf
:\> :\mysql\bin\mysqld-max defaults-file=C:\my-opts2.cnf
NT (
),
.
,
:
:\> C:\mysql\bin\mysqladmin port=3307 shutdown
:\> C:\mysql\bin\mysqladmin port=3308 shutdown
, , TCP/IP. Windows ,
mysqld-nt mysqld-max-nt,
,
. , , . , C:\my-optsl.cnf :
[mysqld]
datadir = C:/mydatal
port = 3307
enable-named-pipe
socket = mypipel
, :
:\> :\mysql\bin\mysqld-nt defaults-file=C:\my-optsl.cnf
:\my-opts2.cnf,
.
4.9.1.2. Windows
Windows NT MySQL
Windows. , MySQL 2.2.1.7.
MySQL 4.0.2, .
, .
,
mysqld-nt MySQL,
4.
356
: \mysql-4.0.8 : \mysql-4.0.17 . ( ,
4.0.8, 4.0.17, .)
, MySQL
i n s t a l l install-manual:
, MySQL [mysqld] .
i n s t a l l ,
[mysqld]
, . .
default-file,
[mysqld] .
& !
"X
|;
%,
$
U
||
|jf
$
MySQL, 4.0.17, ,
MySQL ( , ), , mysqld,
[mysqld] . MySQL 4.0.17, ,
, [mysqld], . [mysqld] ,
MySQL, , - , .
, , MySQL .
.
, ,
MySQL .
1. .
. , mysqld-nt 4.0.8,
mysqldl, mysqld-nt 4.0.17,
mysqld2. 4.0.8 [mysqldl ], 4.0.17 - [mysqld2 ]. , : \my. cnf :
# mysqldl
[mysqldl]
basedir = C:/mysql-4.0.8
port = 3307
enable-named-pipe
socket = mypipel
# mysqld2
[mysqld2]
basedir = C:/mysql-4.0.17
port = 3308
enable-named-pipe
socket = mypipe2
4.9. MySQL
357
, , ;
, Windows :
:\> C:\mysql-4.0.8\bin\mysqld-nt install mysqldl
:\> C:\mysql-4.0.17\bin\mysqld-nt install mysqld2
, NET START
:
:\> NET START mysqldl
:\> NET START mysqld2
, NET
STOP :
:\> NET STOP mysqldl
:\> NET STOP mysqld2
2. , , defaults-file, , . [mysqld] .
, mysqld-nt 4.0.8,
: \myoptsl. cnf, :
[mysqld]
basedir = :/mysql-4.0.8
port = 3307
enable-named-pipe
socket = mypipel
mysqld-nt 4.0.17 C:\my-opts2.cnf,
:
[mysqld]
basedir = :/mysql-4..17
port = 3308
enable-named-pipe
socket = mypipe2
( ):
:\> C:\mysql-4.0.8\bin\mysqld-nt install mysqldl
defaults-file=C:\my-optsl.cnf
C:\> C:\mysql-4.0.17\bin\mysqld-nt install mysqld2
defaults-file=C:\my-opts2.cnf
MySQL ,
--defaults-file, .
, MySQL ,
, .
MySQL, mysqld
remove, remove . MySQL ( ,
), .
358
4.
4.9.2. Unix
Unix -
TCP/IP- Unix,
.
MySQL , , PID- .
, TCP/IP- (3306) Unix (/tmp/mysql.sock).
configure, :
shell> ./configure with-tcp-por=_ \
with-unix-socket-pa=_ \
prefix=/usr/local/mysql-4.0.17
_ _ TCP/IP- Unix, prefix
, ,
MySQL.
, ,
, , , Unix:
shell> mysqladmin hos=_ =_ variables
, .
, local host, mysqladmin no
Unix, TCP/IP. MySQL
4.1 , , --protocol^TCP I SOCKET j PIPE | MEMORY}.
He , Unix TCP/IP.
. -
:
shell> mysqld_safe socke=__ =_
socket port
mysqld_safe datadir=nyTb,
.
- Unix TCP/IP :
shell> MYSQL_UNIX_PORT=/tmp/mysqld-new. sock
shell> MYSQL_TCP_PORT=3307
shell> export MYSQLJJNIXJ>ORT MYSQLJTCPJPORT
shell> mysqlJLnstall^db user=mysql
shell> mysqld_safe datadir=///_ &
, . , -
4.9. MySQL
359
,
. , !
, mysqld.
,
, , :
mysqld_safe defaults-file=nyrb
.
Unix mysqldjnulti. . 4.1.5.
4.9.3.

MySQL, , , ,
:
ho8=_ t=HOMep_nopTa, TCP/IP , host=127.0.0.1
=_, TCP/IP ,
host=localhost s=_, Unix Windows.
MySQL 4, protocol=tcp,
TCP/IP, --protocol=socket, Unix, protocol=memory, . TCP/IP- --host port. socket,
Unix , shared-memory-base-name,
. Windows.
Unix, ,
MYSQL_UNIX_PORT MYSQL_TCP_PORT, Unix TCP/IP. -
, , , . login, .
. .
Unix TCP/IP
[client] . , : \my.cnf
Windows .my.cnf Unix. . 3.3.2.
4.
360

mysql_real_connect ().
, mysql_options ().
Perl DBD::mysql
MySQL. :
$dsn =
"DBI:mysql:test;mysql_read_default_group=client;"
.
"mysql_read_default_file=/usr/local/raysql/data/my.cnf';
$dbh = DBI->connect($dsn, $user, $password);
, .
410. MySQL
4.0.1, MySQL .
SELECT ,
. ,
, , .
, () . Web-, , .
. !
: .
!/ , , .
; , mysqld
;1 .
.
MySQL Linux
Alpha 2 500 2 64 .
, , ,
13%. . , .
238%
. , ,
.
, q u e r y c a c h e s i z e 0.
. , MySQL configure without-query-cache.
4.10. MySQL
361
4.10.1.
, , ,
4.10.3 - .
, :
SELECT * FROM _
S e l e c t * from _
, ( ). , , ,
- . ,
, .

Qcache_hits, Com_select. . 4.10.4.
, ,
, . (
, MERGE,
.) ,
INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, TRUNCATE, ALTER TABLE, DROP TABLE DROP DATABASE.
innoDB
COMMIT.
MySQL 4.0 (
). MySQL 4.1.1,
InnoDB (
, , - ).
MySQL, 5.0, , , , . MySQL 5.0 .
SELECT SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS. . . SELECT FOUND_ROWS().
FOUND_ROWS () , , .
,
:
BENCHMARK()
CONNECTION_ID()
CURRENT_DATE()
CURRENT_TIME()
CURDATE()
CURT IME ()
DATABASE ()
ENCRYPT () ( )
FOUND_ROWS()
GET_LOCK()
LAST_INSERT_ID()
LOAD_FILE()
MASTER_POS_WAIT()
NOW ()
RANDO
RELEASE_LOCK()
SYSDATE()
UNIX_TIMESTAMP () ( )
USER ()
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP()
:
(UDF).
.
mysql.
362
4.
:
SELECT
SELECT
SELECT
SELECT
. . . IN SHARE MODE
. . . INTO OUTFILE . . .
. . . INTO DUMPFILE . . .
* FROM . . . WHERE _increment
IS NULL
,
ODBC .
TEMPORARY.
.
.
, MySQL ,
SELECT
, , .
4.10.2. SELECT
, , SELECT:
SQL_CACHE. , query_cache_type ON DEMAND.

SQL_NO_CACHE. .
:
SELECT SQL_CACHE id, name FROM customer;
SELECT SQL_NO_CACHE id, name FROM customer;
4.10.3.
have_query_cache , :
f
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'have_query_cache ;

+
+
+
| Variable_name
| Value |
I have_query_cache
| YES
.
mysqld. , , query_cache_.
4.2.3, .
query_cache_size.
0, .
0, .
, query_cache_size
. :
4.10. MySQL
363
0 OFF ("") -
.
1 ON ("") - ,
SELECT SQL_NO_CACHE.
2 DEMAND (" ") - , SELECT SQL_CACHE.
GLOBAL query_cache_type
, , .
, SESSION query_cache_type. ,
:
mysql> SET SESSION query_cache_type = OFF;

, query_cache_limit.
1 .
(, )
.
. , , , . ( ), , query__cache_min_res_unit. , ,
, . , query_cache_min_res_unit:
query_cache_min_res_unit 4
.
,
,
. ,
, ()
. query_cache_min_res_unit. ,

Qcache_free_blocks Qcache_lowmem_prunes.
( Qcache_total_blocks Qcache_queries_cache), , query_cache_min_res_unit.
, (.
).
4.10.4.
MySQL :
364
4.
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE ' h a v e _ q u e r y _ c a c h e ' ;

+
+
+
I Variable_name
+
I have_query_cache
I Value
+
I YES
I
+
|
FLUSH QUERY CACHE

.
. RESET QUERY CACHE
. FLUSH TABLES.
SHOW
STATUS, :
mysql> SHOW STATUS LIKE l Qcache% ! ;
I Variable_name
I Value I
+
+
+
I Qcache_free_blocks
I 36
|
I Qcache_free_memory
I 138488 |
I Qcachejiits
I 79570 |
I Qcache_inserts
I 27087 |
I Qcache_lowmem_prunes
I 3114
|
I Qcache_not_cached
I 22989 |
i Qcache_queries_in_cache
| 415
|
I Qcache_total_blocks
I 912
|
+
+
+
4.2.4. .
SELECT :
Com_select
+ Qcache_hits
+ ,
Com_select :
Qcache_inserts
+ Qcache_not_cached
+ , /
, Qcache_total_blocks
Qcache_free_blocks . FLUSH QUERY CACHE .
(
, ).
. , .
, Qcache_lowmem_prunes,
. ,
. (least recently used - LRU). 4.10.3.
MySQL
MySQL , MySQL 3.23.15. , MySQL.

, ,
, .
( ) .
SQL, , MySQL. .
http://www.mysql.com . , .
5.1.
MySQL 3.23.15 . , (master), - , (slave).
. , . ,
,
. ,
,
.
, .
, , ,
, . , , ,
.
, :
366
5. MySQL
/ .
, , .

. SELECT
, . , , -
, . , , .
,
, .
, . . 4.6.1.
5.2.
MySQL , (, ) . ,
, (. 4.8.4).
, ; ,
.
, - , , . , , , .
, ,
, .
LOAD DATA FROM MASTER. , LOAD DATA FROM
MASTER , MySQL 4.0.0, ,
My ISAM. ,
, . , , ( MySQL 5.0),
.
- ,
LOAD DATA FROM MASTER , ,
. LOAD DATA FROM MASTER ,
, 1 1 . , ,
- , , Pentium 700 , 100 /.
5.3.
367
, ,
, . , , , , .
master-connect-retry. 60 .
, .
, ,
.
5.3.
MySQL (
- ). START SLAVE -. , . .
Binlog Dump SHOW
PROCESSLIST . - , Binlog
Dump, , (relay logs). - SQL, .
, . , ,
,
, , - SQL.
MySQL, 4.0.2, ( - - ). , - SQL-, ,
.
,
. , . , , -
, SQL , , .
, SQL , , - ,
, .
,
, .
SHOW PROCESSLIST , , , .
, SHOW PROCESSLIST.
SHOW PROCESSLIST MySQL
368
5. MySQL
4.0.15, State , ,
.
SHOW PROCESSLIST :
mysql> SHOW PROCESSLIST\G
***************************
Id: 2
2. row ***************************
User:
Host:
db:
Command:
Time:
State:
root
localhost:32931
NULL
Binlog Dump
94
Has sent all binlog to slave; waiting for binlog to
be updated
Info: NULL
2 - , . , ,
.
SHOW PROCESSLIST , :
mysql> SHOW PROCESSLIST\G
*************************** 2. row ***************************
Id: 10
User: system user
Host:
db: NULL
Command: Connect
Time: 11
State: Waiting for master to send event
Info: NULL
Id:
User:
Host:
db:
Command:
Time:
State:
11
system user
NULL
Connect
11
Has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O
thread to update it
Info: NULL
, 10 - , , 11 SQL, , .
, .
, Time , . . 5.9.
5.3.
369
5.3.1.
Binlog Dump
, State.
- Binlog Dump , , . .
Sending binlog event to slave ( ).

; -
, .
.
Finished reading one binlog; switching to next binlog (

; ).

, .
Has sent a l l binlog to slave; waiting for binlog to be updated ( ; ).

. , ,
, .
Waiting to finalize termination ( ).
, .
5.3.2. /

, State / .
MySQL 4.1.1, Slave_IO_State,
SHOW SLAVE STATUS. To , , SHOW SLAVE STATUS.
Connecting to master ( ).
.
Checking master version ( ).
,
, .
Registering slave on master ( ).
.
Requesting binlog dump ( ).
, .
,
.
370
5. MySQL
Waiting to reconnect after a failed binlog dump request ( ).

(- ), , , .
master-connect-retry.
Reconnecting after a failed binlog dump request ( ).
.
Waiting for master to send event ( ).
. ,
. slave_read_timeout ,
. , .
Queueing master event to the relay log (
).
,
SQL .
Waiting to reconnect after a failed master event read ( ).
( ). master-connect-retry .
Reconnecting after a failed master event read (
).
.
, Waiting for master to send
event.
Waiting for the slave SQL thread to free enough relay log space (, SQL ).
relay_log__space_limit,
, .
- , SQL , , .
Waiting for slave mutex on exit ( ).
.
5.3.
371
5.3.3. SQL

, State SQL :
Reading event from the relay log ( ).

.
Has read a l l relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update i t
( ; , -
).
, - .
Waiting for slave mutex on exit ( ).
.
State SQL . , , .
5.3.4.

-relay-bin. , _ , .

, 001.
. _-re laybin, index.
.
relay-log relay-log-lindex. . 5.8.
, , mysqlbinlog. SQL , . , SQL
. , MySQL 4.0.14, FLUSH LOGS
, SQL.
:
-
( MySQL 5.0
-, .)
, , FLUSH LOGS mysqladmin
flash-logs. (
MySQL 4.0.14.)
372
5. MySQL
.
" " :
max_relay_log_size, max_relay_log_size > 0.
max_binlog_size, max_relay_log_size = 0, MySQL, 4.0.14.
. , roaster.info
relay-log.info.
, , SHOW SLAVE
STATUS. , ,
-
.
master.info -. MySQL 4.1
, SHOW SLAVE STATUS, :
1
2
3
4
Master_Log__File
Read_Master_Log_Pos
Master_Host
Master_User
( SHOW SLAVE STATUS)
6
7
Master_Port
Connect__Retry
MySQL 4.1, SSL:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14

Master_Log_File
Read_Master_Log_Pos
Master_Host
MasterJJser
( SHOW SLAVE STATUS)
Master_Port
Connect_Retry
Master_SSL_Allowed
Master_SSL_CA_File
Master_SSL_CA_Path
Master_SSL_Cert
Master_SSL_Cipher
Master_SSL_Key
relay-log.info SQL.
, SHOW SLAVE STATUS,
:
5.4.
1
2
3
4
Relay_Log_File
Relay_Log_Pos
Relay_Master_Log_File
Exec_Master_Log_Pos
373
, .
. ,
relay-log.info, ,
SQL .
CHANGE MASTER MASTER_LOG_FILE MASTER_LOG_POS,
,
. ,
.
LOAD
DATA INFILE, SQL_LOAD-*,
, .
LOAD DATA
INFILE. slave-load-tmpdir.
, tmpdir.
5.4
MySQL. , ,
.
, , .
, .
, ,
. , ,
, ,
.
5.9.
MySQL,
.
,
5.8.
, SQL-, , SUPER. MySQL 4.0.2 PROCESS.
1. , MySQL , ,
5.5. , .
374
5. MySQL
2. , .
REPLICATION SLAVE.
( ),
. ,
mydomain.com,
r e p l ,
,
s l a v e p a s s . -^ ,
GRANT:
mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON * . *
-> TO f repl'@'%.mydomain.com 1 IDENTIFIED BY ' s l a v e p a s s 1 ;
MySQL, 4.0.2, REPLICATION SLAVE . FILE:
mysql> GRANT FILE ON * . *
-> TO 'repl'@'%.mydomain.com'
IDENTIFIED BY ' s l a v e p a s s ' ;
LOAD TABLE FROM MASTER LOAD

DATA FROM MASTER ,
:
SUPER RELOAD.
SELECT , .
,
SELECT, LOAD DATA FROM MASTER.
3. My ISAM,
, FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK:
mysql> FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK;
, FLUSH
TABLES, . ( , .)
.
-

. , , t a r Unix PowerArchiver, WinRAR,
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, , :
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, t h i s d b , :
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/tmp .

:
5.4.
375
shell> tar -xvf /trap/mysql-snapshot.tar

, mysql, , ,
. .
, master.info
relay-log.info. ,
FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK,
:
m y s q l > SHOW MASTER STATUS;
+
+
+
+
+
I File
I Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+
+
+
+
+
I mysql-bin.003 |
73
|
test
| manual,mysql |
+
+
+
+
+
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. , . ,
, .
, ,
:
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- , , , . InnoDB Hot Backup - () , MySQL.
h t t p : / /www. innodb. com/manual. php.
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m y s q l > FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK;
m y s q l > SHOW MASTER STATUS;
, SHOW MASTER STATUS, , . , , , :
shell> mysqladmin -u root shutdown
, MylSAM-, innoDB, SQL- -
376
5. MySQL
, . mysqldump
master-data , SQL- . , .
log-bin,
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,
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1 2 3 2 - 1. :
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server-id=l
, .
5. , ,
my. cnf :
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__, __, 1
2 3 2 - 1. , , :
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,
serverid, , , , .
, IP-. .
server_id, 1,
master-host, 2 - . , ,
server_id , , . server-id .
6. ,
.
.
,
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5.4.
377
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9. ,
:
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO
-> MASTER_HOST=' ___',
-> MASTER_USER='__',
-> MASTER_PASSWORD='_ ' ,
-> MASTER_LOG_FILE= * ___%,

-> MASTER_LOG_POS=___;
:
MASTERJiOST 60
MASTERJJSER 16
MASTER_PASSWORD 32
MASTER_LOG_FILE 255
10. :
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, .
server-id,
.
server-id, :
Warning: You should set server_id to a non-0 value if master_host is set; We

force the server id to 2, but this MySQL server will not act as a slave.
: server_id ,
master_host;
server_id 2,
MySQL .
, - .
, - m a s t e r . i n f o , - r e l a y - l o g . i n f o .
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.
, , , -
378
5. MySQL
. CHANGE MASTER TO.

!
, master. i n f o , my. cnf (. 5.8).
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5.5.
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MySQL 3.23.
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, , , .
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379
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.
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, , , 3.23,
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.
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:
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380
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, , . 5.0.0.
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. , , 5.0.0, .
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, , , .
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AUTO_INCREMENT,
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4.1.0 MySQL. MySQL 4.1.0 .)
FOREIGNKEYCHECKS , MySQL 4.0.14. sqljnode, UNIQUE_CHECKS SQL_AUTO_IS_NULL ,
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, , , . 5.0.x.
5.7.
381
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. , InnoDB MylSAM. , , BEGIN/COMMIT, BEGIN.
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, ,
, ,
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. ,
. , ,
.
mysql ,
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,
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382
5. MySQL
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. 8.3.
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.
/
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, , , -
.
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,
, , , ,
. .
,
. ,
, , ,
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383
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.
,
. ,
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384
5. MySQL
, , , , ,
.
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LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE ,

3.23.
3.23 RANDO
. RAND {__), RAND (). , RAND ()
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5.8.
, server-id
.
1 2 3 2 - 1, , server-id=3.
,
, 4.8.4.
, . .

, , , master.info, . :
master-host
master-user
master-password
master-port
master-connect-retry
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master-ssl
master-ssl-ca
master-ssl-capath
master-ssl-cert
master-ssl-cipher
master-ssl-key
master.info MySQL 4.1.1 , ,
SSL. , ,
5.8.
385
.
4.1.1, master.info
. 4.1.1 ,
.
, SSL- .
master.info ,
, . , , ,
RESET SLAVE, .
master.info , . , master. info.
,
master.info, , master.info.
, , master.info,
( ) CHANGE MASTER TO .
, my. cnf:
[mysqld]
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, ,
my.cnf.
master.info. master. info , .
my.cnf,
_, .
CHANGE MASTER TO.
master.info , , ,
CHANGE MASTER TO.

:
[mysqld]
server-id=2
master-host=db-master.mycompany.com
master-port=3306
master-user=pertinax
master-password=freitag
master-connect-retry=60
report-host=db-slave.mycompany.com
.
CHANGE
386
5. MySQL
MASTER TO. , replicate-*,

. .
log-slave-updates. ,
, . , , SQL ,
. , bin-log,
. log-slave-updates , , , :
-> ->
, .
, , .
, --bin-log, , log-slave-updates.
log-warnings.
, . , , , . . .
--master-connect-retry=ceKyjwi. ,

. , master.info, , . ,
60 .
master-host=xocT. IP- .
, .
, master. info, , .
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.
master-password=napcitfb. ,
.
, master. info, , .
, .
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. , master.info, , . , . configure
, 3306.
master-ssl
master-ssl-capath=_aaoa
master-ssl-cert=H^3âj^7a
master-ssl-cipher=cnHCOK_iuH$poB
5.8.
387
SSL. , --ssl,
ssl-ca, ssl-capath, ssl-cert, ssl-cipher ssl-key,
4.5.8.5. , master.info, , . , MySQL 4.1.1.
1-=_. , . REPLICATION SLAVE. ( MySQL 4.0.2 FILE.) ,
master .info, , . , test.
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read-only. - , ,
SUPER. , ,
. , MySQL 4.0.14.
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( max_relay_log_size), , ;
.
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relay-log-inf-1=_. ,
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relay-log-purge={0 11}. , . - 1 (). , SET GLOBAL relay_log_purge.
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( 0 " "). ,
. , - ,
SQL -
388
5. MySQL
. , .
, SQL ,
. -
, SQL . ,
( MySQL, 4.0.13). relay-log-space-limit
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, , : replicate-do-db=sales,
, UPDATE :
USE prices;
UPDATE sales.January SET amount=amount+1000;
, ,
replicate-wild-do-table=HM#_6a3bfâHHb/x.%.
, , . (, DELETE, UPDATE, ). , .
replicate-do-=__. _.
. , , . ,
replicate-do-db. , .
replicate-ignore-db=HM#_6a3H_4aHHb/x.
,
___. , , .
5.8.
389
,
, . , .
, , : replicate-ignore-db=sales, , UPDATE :
USE prices;
UPDATE sales.January SET amount=amount+1000;
, ,
replicate-wild-ignore-table=HM#_6a3HâHHHx. %.
explicate--1=__._. ,
( ).
, , , .
,
--replicate-ignore-db. ,
.
replicate-wild-do-table=HM#_6a3b/âHHHx. _
,
,
. '%' '_',
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, .
: replicate-wild-do-table=foo% .bar% , , bar,
, f .
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f 00%. %, , f %.

. , my_own%db, mylownAABCdb, : replicate-wild-do-table=my\__own\%db.
, ,
. , bash :
replicate-wild-do~table=my\\_own\\%db.
replicate-wild-ignore-table=_a_ax._a^. ,
.
390
5. MySQL
,
, . . ,
.
: --replicate-wild-ignore-table=foo%.bar% , , bar,
, f oo.
,
replicatewild-ignore-table. , replicate-wild-ignore-table.
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, ,
replicate-*.
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report-host=xocT. IP- , .
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, IP- TCP/IP . - (NAT) , ,
IP-
.
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- . , .
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slave_compressed_protocol={0,1}. I, , .
5.8.
391
slave-load-tmpdir=HMHââ. ,
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, , . , , , . , ,
, . relay-log,
, .
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slave-net-timeout=ceKyH^ , , - . -.
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slave-skip-errors= [_1,_2,... | a l l ] . , ,
. SQL ,
.
, . , MySQL, , ,
. ,
, .
, SHOW SLAVE
STATUS.
( ) a l l , , , . , , . ,
, . , .
:
slave-skip-errors=1062,1053
slave-skip-errors=all
392
5. MySQL
replicate-* , , :
1. - replicate-do-db replicate-ignore-db?
. binlog-do-db binlog-ignore-db (. 4.8.4).
?
. .
. , , .
. .
2. - --replicate-*-table?
. .
. . , , (INSERT INTO sales SELECT * FROM prices:
sales ).
( ), ( "do" "ignore") . ,
. , ,
.
3. - replicate-do-table?
. ?
. .
. .
. .
4. - replicate-ignore-table?
. ?
. .
. .
. .
5. - replicate-wild-do-table?
. ?
. .
. .
. .
6. - -replicate-wild-ignore-table?
. ?
. .
. .
. .
7. replicate-* . ,
?
5.9.
393
. .
. , , . --replicate-do-table replicatewild-do-table?
. .
. .
5.9.
. , , ?
. .
- ( SHOW MASTER STATUS),
, :
1. , .
2. ,
:
m y s q l > CHANGE MASTER TO
->
MASTER_HOST='
___',
->
MASTER_USER=' __*,
->
MASTER_PASSWORD=% _
',
->
MASTER_LOG_FILE=' ___',
->
MASTERJL0G_P0S=no3Han#_B_3a ^ ;
3. START SLAVE .
,
. .
1. :
m y s q l > FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK;
2. He , ( ):
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3. ,
:
mysql> SHOW MASTER STATUS;
4. :
m y s q l > UNLOCK TABLES;
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, . , mysqldump master-date . , .
, , , ,
. -
394
5. MySQL
. ,
,
. ,
- ,
, .
LOAD DATA FROM MASTER. ,
. LOAD DATA FROM MASTER
. , ,
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,
FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK.
. ?
. .
, . , / ,
. ,
, - .
, .
. ,
? , ?
. 4.1.1 , Seconds_Behind_Master SHOW SLAVE STATUS. . , SHOW
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( TIMESTAMP
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SQL, .
. ,
, , 3600 Time SHOW PROCESSLIST. , , .
. , ?
. :
5.9.
395
1. :
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2. ,
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396
5. MySQL
MylSAM InnoDB
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. , , ?
. , , ,
. ,
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, , , ,
5.9.
397
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, , . , ,
N .
( ):
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.
:
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5. MySQL
, .
, . .
,
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\
v
WC
>
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I \
v
v
v
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, ,
.
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S1. WC S I , a S2 S3 S1.
, , .
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"). ,
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, , STOP SLAVE RESET
MASTER.
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MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='S1' ( f S l ' S1).
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S2 S3 ( , , ). CHANGE MASTER S1 . , -
5.10.
399
4,
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S1,
, S1 .
:
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WC
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.
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, ,
:
. , .
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. , ,
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.
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400
5. MySQL
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raysql> START SLAVE;
1,
AUTO_INCREMENT LAST_INSERT_ID().
2. 2 ,
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.
4. , , , , , , . , .
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5.11.
, ,
, , ,
. , -
5.11.
401
. ,
.
, , http://bugs.mysql.com/.
( ),
:
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, , , .
, , ,
. . , .
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.
3. .
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.
, :
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.
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.
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,
.
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. , MySQL,
PostgreSQL DB2, DBD: :mysql, DBD: :Pg
DBD:: DB2. . 2.7.
, MySQL, sql-bench. ,
MySQL, sql-bench
run-all-tests:
shell> cd sql-bench
shell> perl run-all-tests
server-^
_ - .
:
shell> perl run-all-tests help
crash-me sql-bench.
, . , :
.
.
.
.
VARCHAR.
crash-me
http: //dev.mysql ..com/tech-resources/crash-me.php.

http://dev.mysql.com/tech-resources/benchmarks.
6.1.5.
, . (
"-"), .
, ,
, , ,
.
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407

MySQL (. 6.1.4).
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, Open Source Database
Benchmark, http://osdb.sourceforge.net/.
, .
, , .
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, .
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. Super Smack, http://jeremy.zawodny.com/mysql/super-sraack/.
" ", ,
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, :
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:
| BENCHMARK(1000000,1+1)
+
I
+
1 row in s e t
|
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408
6. MySQL
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0,32 .
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.
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( SELECT)
EXPLAIN
EXPLAIN SELECT
onu,MM_select
EXPLAIN, DESCRIBE,
, MySQL SELECT:
EXPLAIN _ - DESCRIBE _
SHOW COLUMNS FROM _.
SELECT EXPLAIN, MySQL , SELECT, ,

.
EXPLAIN.
EXPLAIN , ,
SELECT,
.
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.
, .
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EXPLAIN , SELECT. , MySQL
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, UNION, . : i d s e l e c t _ t y p e .
, , MySQL 4.1.
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409
EXPLAIN :
id. SELECT. SELECT .
s e l e c t _ t y p e . SELECT, :
SIMPLE. SELECT ( UNION SUBQUERY).
PRIMARY. SELECT.
UNION. SELECT UNION.
DEPENDENT UNION. SELECT UNION,

.
SUBQUERY. SELECT .
DEPENDENT SUBQUERY. SELECT ,

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FROM).
t a b l e . , .
type. . , :
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const. , . ,
. const , .
const , PRIMARY KEY
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_ const-:
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WHERE __1=1 AND __2=2;
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=.
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_:
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WHERE . ^ _.;
410
6. MySQL
SELECT * FROM _, __
WHERE _ . __ 1 =^ .
AND _. ___2=1;
ref. , ref ,
,
PRIMARY KEY UNIQUE ( , ). ,
.
ref ,
=.
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SELECT * FROM _ WHERE _=;
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WHERE _. _=^ . ;
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WHERE _ . __ 1 =_ .
AND _. __2=1;
r e f o r n u l l . , ref, , MySQL
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MySQL 4.1.1, .
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_:
SELECT * FROM _
WHERE _= OR _ IS NULL;
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IN (SELECT _ FROM WHERE )
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index_subquery. unique_subquery.
IN, :
IN (SELECT ^ FROM WHERE )
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411
range.
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k e y l e n . ref
NULL.
range , ,
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SELECT * FROM _
WHERE ^ = 10;
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WHERE
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FROM _
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key. key (), MySQL

. NULL,
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My I SAM BDB ANALYZE TABLE
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key-len. key-len , MySQL . NULL, key NULL. -
412
6. MySQL
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MySQL.
ref. ref , key

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,
:
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MySQL t l t2 , t l . id. t2, , t 2 . i d
NULL, t2,
id. , t l MySQL
t2, , .
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, , . ,
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413
Using where. WHERE ,

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,
rows EXPLAIN. ,
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, , EXPLAIN.
, SELECT, ,
EXPLAIN:
EXPLAIN SELECT tt.TicketNumber, tt.Timeln,
tt.ProjectReference, tt.EstimatedShipDate,
tt.ActualShipDate, t t . C l i e n t I D ,
tt.ServiceCodes, tt.RepetitivelD,
tt.CurrentProcess, tt.CurrentDPPerson,
tt.RecordVolume, tt.DPPrinted, et.COUNTRY,
et_l.COUNTRY, do.CUSTNAME
FROM t t , e t , et AS e t _ l , do
WHERE tt.SubmitTime IS NULL
AND tt.ActualPC = et.EMPLOYID
AND tt.AssignedPC = et_l.EMPLOYID
AND t t . C l i e n t I D = do.CUSTNMBR;
:
It
tt
tt
et
do
ActualPC
AssignedPC
ClientID
EMPLOYID
CUSTNMBR
CHAR(IO)
CHAR(IO)
CHAR(IO)
CHAR(15)
CHAR(15)
tt
tt
tt
ActualPC
AssignedPC
ClientID
et
do
EMPLOYID ( )
CUSTNMBR ( )
tt. ActualPC .
414
6. MySQL
, , , EXPLAIN :
table type possible_keys key
key
key__len
ref
rows
key
len ref
rows Extra
et
ALL PRIMARY
NULL NULL
NULL 74
do
ALL PRIMARY
NULL NULL
NULL 2135
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NULL NULL
NULL 74
tt
ALL
AssignedPC,
NULL NULL
NULL 3872
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type ALL , , MySQL , .
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. tt.ActualPC CHAR(IO), a et.EMPLOYID -
CHAR (15), .
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tt.ActualPC, et.EMPLOYID VARCHAR(15).
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table type
tt
ALL
do
et_l
et
possible_keys key
key_len ref
rows
AssignedPC,
NULL
NULL
NULL 3872
ClientID,
ActualPC
ALL
PRIMARY
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eq_ref
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tt.ActualPC
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where
, : rows
74 . .
t t . AssignedPC = e t _ l .EMPLOYID t t . C l i e n t ID =
do.CUSTNMBR:
mysql> ALTER TABLE t t MODIFY AssignedPC VARCHAR(15),
->
MODIFY C l i e n t I D VARCHAR(15);
EXPLAIN :
table type
et
ALL
possible_keys key
PRIMARY
NULL
key len ref

NULL
NULL
rows Extra
74
6.2. SELECT
tt
ref
AssignedPC,
ClientID,
ActualPC
et 1 eq ref PRIMARY
do
eq ref PRIMARY
415
ActualPC
15
et .EMPLOYID
PRIMARY
PRIMARY
15
15
tt .AssignedPC 1
tt .ClientID
1
52
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where
.
, , MySQL
, tt.ActualPC , t t . , MySQL
:
mysql> ANALYZE TABLE tt;
EXPLAIN :
table type
tt
ALL
possible_keys
AssignedPC
ClientID,
ActualPC
et
eq ref PRIMARY
et 1 eq_ref PRIMARY
do
eq ref PRIMARY
key
NULL
key_len reJ
NULL
NULL
PRIMARY 15
PRIMARY 15
PRIMARY 15
rows Extra
3872 Using
where
1
tt..ActualPC
tt..AssignedPC 1
tt,.ClientID
1
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416
6. MySQL
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, , SELECT.. .WHERE ,
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.
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My ISAM:
MySQL ,
ANALYZE TABLE myisamchk analyze ,
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1). MySQL , .
SHOW
INDEX FROM _, Cardinality, myisamchk
description --verbose .
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WHERE. SELECT, WHERE DELETE UPDATE.
, MySQL ,
. MySQL ,
.
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:
((a AND b) AND OR ( ( ( a AND b) AND ( AND d ) ) ) )
-> (a AND b AND c) OR (a AND b AND AND d)
:
(a<b AND b=c) AND a=5
-> b>5 AND b=c AND a=5
6.2. SELECT
417
( - ):
(>=5 AND B=5) OR (B=6 AND 5=5) OR (B=7 AND 5=6)
-> =5 OR =
COUNT (*) , WHERE,

My ISAM HEAP.
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HAVING WHERE, GROUP BY

(COUNT (), MIN () ).
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UNIQUE,
NOT NULL.
:
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WHERE tl._ =1 AND t2._=1.id;
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, .
ORDER BY GROUP BY,
ORDER BY GROUP BY ,
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, . ,
30% . , , , , -. .
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418
6. MySQL
, ,
HAVING, .
, :
SELECT COUNT (*) FROM
__;
SELECT MIN (_1), MAX (_1) FROM _;

SELECT {__2) FROM t b l __
WHERE
_2=;
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ORDER BY _1,
_2,
. . . LIMIT 1 0 ;
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ORDER BY _1
DESC, _2
DESC, . . . LIMIT 1 0 ;
, ,
:
SELECT _1,
__2
WHERE
_1-;
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM
FROM
WHERE _1=!
AND
_2~2;
SELECT _2
FROM _ GROUP BY __1;
:
SELECT . . . FROM
ORDER BY _1,
_2,
... ;
SELECT . . . FROM _
ORDER BY _1
DESC, _2
DESC,
... ;
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(Index Merge) ref, ref_or_null range .
, ,
ref, ref_or_null range .
, , MySQL 5.0.0;
, ,
,
.
EXPLAIN index_merge type.
key , a key_len -
.
:
SELECT *
SELECT *
WHERE
SELECT *
WHERE
AND
SELECT *
WHERE
FROM _ WHERE _1
= 10 OR _2
= 20;
FROM _
{_!
= 10 OR __2 = 20) AND _
= 30;
FROM t l , t 2
( t l . 1 IN ( 1 , 2 ) OR t l . 2 LIKE
'*')
2.1=1.;
FROM t l , t 2
tl.1=1
AND ( t 2 . k e y l = t l . OR t 2 . k e y 2 = t l .
);
6.2. SELECT
419
6.2.6. MySQL IS NULL

MySQL _ IS NULL,
__ = _. , MySQL NULL IS NULL.
SELECT * FROM _ WHERE _
SELECT * FROM _ WHERE _
SELECT * FROM _
I S NULL;
<=> NULL;
WHERE _= 1 OR __=2
OR _ IS NULL;
WHERE _ IS NULL , NOT NULL, .
, - NULL, , , LEFT JOIN.
MySQL 4.1.1
_ = AND _ IS NULL - ,
. EXPLAIN ref_or_null, .
IS NULL .
, b t2:
SELECT * FROM t l WHERE t l . a = e x p r OR t l . a I S NULL;
SELECT * FROM t l , t 2 WHERE t l . a = t 2 . a OR t 2 . a I S NULL;
WHERE ( t l . a = t 2 . a OR t 2 . a I S NULL) AND t 2 . b = t l . b ;
WHERE t l . a = t 2 . a AND ( t 2 . b = t l . b OR t 2 . b I S N U L L ) ;
WHERE ( t l . a = t 2 . a AND t 2 . a I S NULL AND . . . )
OR ( t l . a = t 2 . a AND t 2 . a I S NULL AND . . . ) ;
ref_or_null , , NULL.
, IS NULL. MySQL ( t l . a = t 2 . a AND
t2. a IS NULL) :
WHERE ( t l . a = t 2 . a AND t 2 . a I S NULL)
OR ( t l . b = t 2 . b AND t 2 . b I S NULL);
6.2.7. MySQL DISTINCT

DISTINCT ORDER BY .
, DISTINCT GROUP BY, , MySQL ORDER BY HAVING, .
MySQL GROUP BY ,
SELECT, GROUP BY.
420
6. MySQL
.
, . ,
customer.name :
mysql> SELECT o r d e r . c u s t i d , customer.name, MAX(payments)
->
FROM order,customer
->
WHERE o r d e r . c u s t i d = customer.custid
->
GROUP BY order.custid;
SQL customer.name GROUP

BY. MySQL , ANSI.
, , GROUP BY,
. .
MIN () () , . column , sort:
SUBSTR(MIN(CONCAT(RPAD(sort,6,' '),column)),7)
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, , MySQL , .
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EXPLAIN), MySQL t2 (
t l ) , t2:
SELECT DISTINCT t l . a FROM t l , t 2 where t l . a = t 2 . a ;
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LEFT JOIN _ MySQL :
, .
( ), LEFT JOIN.
LEFT JOIN ,
. ( , WHERE
).
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, .
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WHERE.
, WHERE, ,
ON,
, NULL.
LEFT JOIN, ,
, _ IS NULL WHERE,
6.2. SELECT
421
_ - , NOT NULL, MySQL ( ) , , LEFT JOIN.

RIGHT JOIN , .
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. , , , MySQL , LEFT
JOIN d:
SELECT *
FROM a,b LEFT JOIN ON (c.key=a.key) LEFT JOIN d ON (d.key=a.key)
WHERE b.key=d.key;
, :
SELECT *
FROM b , a LEFT JOIN ON ( . k e y = a . k e y )
WHERE b . k e y = d . k e y ;
LEFT JOIN d ON ( d . k e y = a . k e y )
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WHERE false NULL, LEFT
JOIN .
, t2.columnl NULL, WHERE false:
SELECT * FROM t l LEFT JOIN t2 ON (columnl) WHERE t2.column2=5;
:
SELECT * FROM t l , t 2 WHERE t2.column2=5 AND tl.columnl=t2.columnl;
, MySQL t2 t l . ,
STRAIGHT_JOIN.
6.2.9. MySQL ORDER BY

MySQL , ORDER BY GROUP BY, .
, ORDER BY ,
ORDER BY WHERE.
ORDER BY
GROUP BY:
SELECT *
SELECT *
SELECT *
SELECT *
SELECT *
WHERE
FROM
FROM
FROM
FROM
FROM
t l ORDER
t l WHERE
t l WHERE
t l ORDER
tl
2=1
BY _!,_2,
... ;
_1=
ORDER BY
_2;
_1=
GROUP BY
_2;
BY _1
DESC, _2
DESC;
ORDER BY
DESC, 2
DESC;
422
6. MySQL
MySQL ORDER BY GROUP BY , -

, WHERE. :
ORDER BY :
SELECT * FROM t l ORDER BY 1, 2;
ORDER BY :
SELECT * FROM t l WHERE _2= ORDER BY _2;
ASC DESC:
SELECT * FROM t l ORDER BY _1 DESC, _2 ASC;
, , , ORDER BY:
SELECT * FROM t l WHERE 2=a ORDER BY 1;
, ORDER BY - , . ( , EXPLAIN, const.)
ORDER BY GROUP BY.
. , HASH- -.
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1. . , WHERE, .
2. . sort_buffer_size.
3. , qsort (quicksort)
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5. MERGEBUFF (7)
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6. , ,
MERGEBUFF2 (15).
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8. , . ,
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6.2. SELECT
423
MySQL ,
EXPLAIN SELECT.. .ORDER BY. Using f i l e s o r t Extra,
, MySQL . . 6.2.1.
ORDER BY, , MySQL .
, :
sort_buf fer_size.
read_rnd_buf fer_size.
tmpdir,
. MySQL 4.1
, ,
. ' : ' Unix ' ; '
Windows, NetWare OS/2. .
!
:;!; , , .
MySQL GROUP BY !, 2,... ,

ORDER BY 1, 2, . . .
ORDER BY ,
MySQL , , , . GROUP BY,
,
, ORDER BY NULL, :
INSERT INTO foo
SELECT a, COUNT(*) FROM bar GROUP BY a ORDER BY NULL;
6.2.10. MySQL LIMIT

MySQL -,
LIMIT _ HAVING:
LIMIT, MySQL
,
.
LIMIT _ ORDER BY, MySQL
, _ ,
.
LIMIT _ DISTINCT, MySQL ,
_ .
GROUP BY ( ) , . LIMIT _ GROUP BY.
424
6. MySQL
MySQL , , SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS.
LIMIT 0 . .
, LIMIT _ .
6.2.11.
EXPLAIN ALL type, MySQL
.
:
, ,
. , 10 .
ON WHERE
.
, MySQL
( ) ,
. .
6.2.4.
( ) . MySQL
,
.
.
:
ANALYZE TABLE _ .
FORCE INDEX , MySQL,
, .
SELECT * FROM t l , t2 FORCE INDEX (__)
WHERE 11. _^2 . _;
mysqld max-seeks-for-key=1000 SET
max_seeks_for_key=1000, ,
1000 . . 4.2.3.
6.2.12. INSERT
, :
: (3)
: (2)
6.2. SELECT
: (2)
: (1 )
: (1 )
: (1)
425
, .
log N, ,
.
:
,
INSERT VALUES,
. ( ), INSERT.
, bulk_insert_buffer_size,
(. 4.2.3).
, , INSERT DELAYED.
My ISAM SELECT, .
LOAD DATA INFILE. 20 ,

INSERT.
, , LOAD
DATA INFILE .
:
1. CREATE TABLE.
2. FLUSH TABLES mysqladmin
flush-tables.
3. myisamchk keys-used=O -rq ///_/_.

.
4. LOAD DATA INFILE. , .
5. , , myisampack (. 8.1.3.3).
6. myisamchk -r -q ///_/_. ,
, , . .
7. FLUSH TABLES mysqladmin
flush-tables.
, LOAD DATA INFILE , My ISAM. , myisamchk -
426
6. MySQL
,
, LOAD DATA INFILE.
MySQL 4.0, ALTER TABLE _
DISABLE KEYS myisamchk --keys-used=O -rq ///_/
_ ALTER TABLE _ ENABLE KEYS myisamchk -r -q
///_/_. FLUSH TABLES .
, , :
LOCK TABLES a WRITE;
INSERT INTO a VALUES (1,23), (2,34), (4,33);
INSERT INTO a VALUES (8, 26), (6,29) ;
UNLOCK TABLES;
,
, ,
INSERT. ,
.
, ,
BEGIN/COMMIT LOCK TABLES.
, , . :
Connection I does 1000 inserts
Connections 2, 3, and 4 do 1 insert
Connection 5 does 1000 inserts
, 2, 3 4 1 5. , , 2, 3 4
1 5, 40% .
INSERT, UPDATE DELETE MySQL , , ,
, 5 .
, LOCK TABLE UNLOCK TABLE ( 1000 ),
. .
INSERT , LOAD
DATA INFILE, .
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INSERT, LOAD DATA INFILE,
key_buffer_size. . 6.5.2.
6.2.13. UPDATE
SELECT . , , . , , .
6.2. SELECT
427
-
. , , .
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, .
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6.2.14. DELETE
.
, . . 6.5.2.
, TRUNCATE TABLE
_, DELETE FROM __.
6.2.15.
:
, .

, thread_cache_size
(. 6.5.2).
-
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SELECT My ISAM,
, ,
.
My ISAM, , . ,
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ALTER TABLE... ORDER BY lf 2, . ..,
1, 2, . . .
, .
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:
SELECT * FROM _
WHERE _ (CONCAT {!,
AND coll='* AND co!2='';
2))
428
6. MySQL
My ISAM
(VARCHAR, BLOB TEXT).
,
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:
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429
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Functions - UDF) . ,
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.
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, .
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.
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AUTOINCREMENT .
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430
6. MySQL
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name customer_name. SQL-, 18 .
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6.3.
6.3.1.
MySQL ISAM, My ISAM MEMORY (HEAP), BDB - InnoDB.
,
, , , . ,
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6.3.
431
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.
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,
.
.
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, .
MySQL 3.23.33, , Table_locks_waited
Table_locks_immediate:
mysql> SHOW STATUS LIKE 'Table%f;
+
+
+
| Variablename
| Value |
I Table_locks_immediate I 1151552 |
I Table_locks_waited
| 15324 |
+
+
+
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INSERT SELECT ,
INSERT .
MylSAM, . , , . (
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432
6. MySQL
. :
mysql> LOCK TABLES real_table WRITE, insert_table WRITE;
mysql> INSERT INTO real_table SELECT * FROM insert_table;
mysql> TRUNCATE TABLE insert_table;
mysql> UNLOCK TABLES;
InnoDB , a BDB - .
InnoDB BDB . ,
InnoDB , a BDB - SQL-, .
:
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435
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438
6. MySQL
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440
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| Op
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Table
| Op
| Msg_type | Msg text
6.4.
I test.tl I preload_keys | status

I test.t2 I preload_keys | status
+
+
+
445
| OK
| OK
+
|
|
+
IGNORE LEAVES , .
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6.4.7. MySQL
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| Variable_name | Value |
+
+
+
| Opened_tables | 2741 |
+
+
+
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448
6. MySQL
, . ,
.
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6.5.1.
,
, . . , ,
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, Solaris ( ) Linux ( 2.2 ). , Linux 2 .
2 , Large File Support (LFS) ext2. , ReiserFS XFS, 2 .
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.
, . , .
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449
6.5. MySQL
6.5.2.
,
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.
:
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binlog_cache_size
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delayed insert timeout
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join buffer size
key buffer size
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lower case table names
max_allowed_packet
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max connect errors
max connections
max delayed threads
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max join size
max_sort_length
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max write lock count
net buffer length
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slow launch time
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table cache
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100
300
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mysqld, ,
, :
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES;
450
6. MySQL
, :
mysql> SHOW STATUS;
, mysqladmin:
shell> mysqladmin variables
shell> mysqladmin extended-status

4.2.3 4.2.4.
MySQL , ,
, . , ,
MySQL .
MySQL -
k e y b u f f e r s i z e tablecache. , , .

.
mysqld_safe _= _ . MySQL,
4.0. ,
:
safejnysqld raysqld_safe.
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, _size, , _size. , sort__buffer_size

sort_buffer. read_buffer_size sort_buffer.
, ,
mysqld help.
, , 256 , , ,
:
shell> mysqld_safe key_buffer_size=64M table_cache=256 \
--sort_buffer_size=4M read_buffer_size=lM &
128 , , - :
shell> mysqld_safe key_buffer_size=16M sort_buffer_size=lM
,
, mysqld , mysqld ,
.
, - :
shell> mysqld_safe --key_buffer_size=512K sort_buffer_size=100K \
read buffer size=100K &
6.5. MySQL
451
:
shell> mysqldjsafe --key_buffer_size=512K sortJbuffer_size=16K \
table_cache=32 read_buffer_size=8K \
netJbuffer_length=lK &
GROUP BY ORDER BY ,
,
read_rnd_buf f e r s i z e .
MySQL support-files
my.cnf, : my-huge.cnf, my-large.cnf, my-medium.cnf my-small.cnf.
.
, mysqld
mysqld_safe, . , .
,
( , MySQL 4.1, verbose):
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. , verbose
help . , ,
.
InnoDB 9.12.
6.5.3.
MySQL
Linux,

.
,
, - s t a t i c .
Linux , -03.
200
sql_yacc. , gcc/pgcc , . = MySQL,
libstdc++, . ,

Pentium, ,
, 586
( AMD).
, 10-30 %
. ,
MySQL.
gnus CodeFusion Fujitsu, ,
,
MySQL .
MySQL
. ,
452
6. MySQL
. withcharset configure.
, :
-, mysqld 1% , 2.95.2.
( -static), Linux
13% . , MySQL . ,
.
s t r i p
mysqld, 4% .
, , TCP/IP Unix,
7,5% . ( Unix, , localhost,
MySQL ).
TCP/IP , ,
8-11% , , ,
Ethernet 100 /.
( SSL), 55% , .
with-debug=full, 20% .
. , MySQL
35% . with-debug ( =full), 15%. mysqld, with-debug=full,
,
skip-safemalloc. ,
--with-debug.
Sun UltraSPARC-lie , Forte 5.0,
4% , gcc 3.2.
Sun UltraSPARC-He , Forte 5.0, 4% 32- , 64-.
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Solaris 2.5.1 MIT-pthreads MySQL 8-12% , Solaris.
.
Linux-x86
(-fomit-frame-pointer -fomit-frame-pointer -ffixed-ebp)
mysqld 1-4% .
MySQL Linux, MySQL
, . - ,
6.5. MySQL
453
AMD. , . ,
, AMD, ,
. MySQL Linux
, .
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, mysqld
. ,
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( key_buffer_size) , , , . . 6.5.2.
( 64 , thread_stack).
( net_buf f er_length).
( result_buf fer_length).
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ISAM MylSAM . ,
32- 4
. 64-
, , .
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( read_rnd_buf fer_size).
,
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_ "). 3.23.2, , My ISAM .
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SQL- SQLBIGTABLES .
MySQL 3.20
record_buffer * 16. , record_buffer. mysqld big-tables,
454
6. MySQL
.
.
, ,
,
. . .4.4.
.
- , , ,
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malloc () free ().
My ISAM ISAM
, - , . ,
2 * N ( N - , BLOB).
BLOB , BLOB. ISAM My ISAM
.
, BLOB, , BLOB. ,
, BLOB.
FIFO.
64 . , . . 6.4.8.
FLUSH TABLES mysqladmin flush-tables
, ,
, . .
ps , , ,
mysqld .
. , ps Solaris
. ,
swap -s. mysqld ( , ), .
6.5.5. MySQL DNS

mysqld, , . ,
. , :

gethostbyaddr_r () gethostbyname_r (), .
6.6.
455
, gethostbyaddr () gethostbyname ().

, .
DNS, skiphost-cache. IP-
MySQL. DNS , ,
DNS skip-name-resolve, HOST_CACHE_SIZE (
128) mysqld.
, skip-host-cache.
, FLUSH HOSTS
mysqladmin flush-hosts.
TCP/IP, mysqld skip-networking.
6.6.
- .
,
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456
6. MySQL
RAID 0+1
( ),
2*N , N . , ,
, .
, .
- RAID ,
. , , , RAID 0, ,
, RAID 0+1 RAID N.
RAID N , , - ,
.
Linux , hdparm ( 100%
- .) hdparm
MySQL , ,
:
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,
,
hdparm. man-, hdparm, . hdparm , , , !
,
:
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( - ), - noatime. inode , .

, - async. , ,
. ( Linux .)
6.6.1.

, .
, ,
, , .
-
. .
..
457
6.6.1.1. Unix
Unix , ,
MySQL.
shell> xnkdir /drl/databases/test
shell> In -s /drl/databases/test ///'_
MySQL . ,
. , dbl
MySQL, db2, dbl:
shell> cd ///'_
shell> In -s dbl db2
t b l a dbl
tbl_a db2. dbl.tbl_a, db2. tbl_a, .
,
. , , MySQL.
MySQL 4.0
mysys/my_symlink.c:
if (!(MyFlags & MY_RESOLVE_LINK) | |
(ilstat(filename,&stat_buff) && S_ISLNK(stat_buff.stjnode)))
MySQL, 4.0, mysys/mf_format.c :
if
(flag & 32 | |
(Ilstat(to,&stat_buff)
&& S_ISLNK(stat_buff.stjnode)))
:
if (1)
Windows ,
MySQL -DUSESYMDIR.
. . 6.6.3.1.
6.6.1.2. Unix
MySQL 4.0 , .
, ALTER TABLE, REPAIR TABLE
OIPTIMIZE TABLE ,
, . , , .
, realpath (). ( , Linux Solaris
realpath ().) , , SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'have_symlink'.
MySQL 4.0
My ISAM. , , -
458
6. MySQL
, .
My ISAM :
, .
. ,
- .

.

In -s, mysqld . SQL , DATA DIRECTORY INDEX DIRECTORY CREATE TABLE.
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, .
, , , . , mysqld root,
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ALTER TABLE...
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ALTER TABLE... RENAME
, . , , . ,
.
,
skip-symbolic-links mysqld, , mysqld .
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, MySQL 4.0.15. mysqldump, SHOW CREATE TABLE CREATE TABLE.
,
:
ALTER TABLE DATA DIRECTORY INDEX DIRECTORY.
BACKUP TABLE RESTORE TABLE .
. f rm ( , ).
(, ) . , dbl
6.6.
459
MySQL, t b l l , dbl
tbl2, t b l l :
shell>
shell>
shell>
shell>
cd
In
In
In
///_/6
-s tbll.frm tbl2.frm
-s tbll.MYD tbl2.MYD
-s tbll.MYI tbl2.MYI
d b l . t b l l , dbl.tbl2, :
( , t b l l , ).
ALTER tbl2 .
6.6.1.3. Windows
MySQL 3.23.16, mysqld-max mysqld-max-nt Windows -DUSESYMDIR.
, .
Unix, .
MySQL 4.0, .
, skip-symbolic-links:
[mysqld]
skip-symbolic-links
MySQL 4.0 . , my.cnf my.ini
:
[mysqld]
symbolic-links
Windows MySQL, , .
_^_. sym, __ .
, MySQL C:\mysql\data,
foo, D: \data\foo.
:
1. , D:\data\foo
. foo , D:\data.
. , .
2. : \mysql\data\foo. sym, D: \data\foo\.
, foo,
D:\data\foo\. , ,
MySQL.

MySQL
MySQL,
, . , , , MySQL.
. , ,
. 3
.
7.1.

MySQL:
myisampack. MylSAM , . . 7.2.
mysql. SQL-
. . 7.3.
mysqlaccess. ,
.
mysqladmin. , ,
, , . . 7.4.
mysqlbinlog. . , ,
. . 7.5.
mysqlcc. ,
. . 7.6.
mysql check. , , , . . 7.7.
7.2. myisampack MySQL,
461
mysqldump. MySQL
SQL- -.

(Igor Romanenko). . 7.8.
mysqlhotcopy. ,
My ISAM ISAM . . 7.9.
mysqlimport. , LOAD DATA INFILE. . 7.10.
mysqlshow. , , , . . 7.11.
p e r r o r . ,
MySQL. . 7.12.
r e p l a c e . . .
7.13.
MySQL . - - h e l p ,
. mysql h e l p .
MySQL, ,
m y s q l c l i e n t , :
MYSQL_UNIX_PORT
Unix;
.
MYSQL_TCP_PORT
TCP/IP.
MYSQL_PWD
MYSQL_DEBUG
TMPDIR
MYSQL_PWD . . 4.5.6.
,
,
. . 3.3.
7.2. myisampack
MySQL,
myisampack MylSAM. ,
. myisampack 40-70%.
, , , . , ,
, Stacker MS-DOS.
MySQL mmap (), , . mmap () , MySQL
/.
462
7. MySQL
, pack_isam, ISAM. ISAM

, myisampack,
myisampack packisam,
.
:
mysqld skip-external-locking, myisampack , .
. ,
(, ). ,
.
myisampack TEXT BLOB. pack_isam
.
myisampack :
shell> myisampack [] _ . . .
(.MYI). , .
.MYI.
myisampack :
help, -?. .
--backup, -b.
_. OLD.
debug [=_], -# [_]. .

_ ' d: t :,_'.
force, -f. , ,
, ,
myisampack. (myisampack _.
. myisampack,
.) myisampack , , _.TMD . force .
-}=__, -j __. ,
, __.
, ,
( , ).
packlength=#, - #. . 1, 2 3. myisampack 1, 2
3 . myisampack
, , .
myisampack , ,
, .
7.2. myisampack MySQL,
463
silent, -s. .
, .
test, -t. He , .
tmp_di=, - .
.
verbose, -v. .
.
--version, -V. .
wait, -W. , . mysqld skip-external-locking,

myisampack , .

.
shell> Is -I station.*
-rw-rw-r 1 monty my
994128 Apr
-rw-rw-r 1 monty my
53248 Apr
-rw-rw-r 1 monty my
5767 Apr
17 19:00 station.MYD
17 19:00 station.MYI
17 19:00 station.frm
shell> myisamchk - d w station

MylSAM file:
station
Isam-version: 2
Creation time: 1996-03-13 10:08:58
Recover time: 1997-02-02 3:06:43
Data records:
0
Datafile parts:
1192 Deleted data:
0
2
Max datafile length: 54657023 Max keyfile length:
33554431
Recordlength:
834
Record format: Fixed length
table description:
Key Start Len Index
Type
1 2
4 unique unsigned long
2
32
30 multip. text
Field
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Start
1
2
6
10
11
31
32
62
97
132
167
171
187
Length Type
1
4
4
1
20
1
30
35
35
35
4
16
35
Root Blocksize
1024
1024
10240
1024
Rec/key
1
1
464
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
7. MySQL
222
226
242
262
282
302
332
336
340
341
349
357
365
367
369
373
377
378
380
388
392
396
400
404
405
409
413
417
421
425
429
449
479
480
481
560
639
718
797
805
806
807
827
831
4
16
20
20
20
30
4
4
1
8
8
8
2
2
4
4
1
2
8
4
4
4
4
1
4
4
4
4
4
4
20
30
1
1
79
79
79
79
8
1
1
20
4
4
shell> myisampack station.MYI

Compressing station.MYI: (1192 records)
- Calculating statistics
normal: 20 empty-space: 16 empty-zero: 12 empty-fill: 11
pre-space: 0 end-space: 12 table-lookups: 5 zero: 7
Original trees: 57 After join: 17
- Compressing file
7.2. myisampack - MySQL,

87.14%
Remember to run myisamchk -rq on compressed tables
shell> Is -1 station.*
-rw-rw-r 1 monty my
127874 Apr 17 19:00 station.MYD
-rw-rw-r 1 monty my
55296 Apr 17 19:04 station.MYI
-rw-rw-r 1 monty my
5767 Apr 17 19:00 station.frm
shell> myisamchk - d w station
MylSAM file: station
Isam-version: 2
Creation time 1996-03-13 10:08:58
Recover time: 1997-04-17 19:04:26
Data records:
0
Datafile parts:
1192 Deleted data:
0
1
Max datafile length:
16777215 Max keyfile length:
131071
Recordlength:
834
Record format: Compressed
table description:
Key Start Len Index Type
Root Blocksize Rec/key
1 2
4
unique unsigned long
10240
1024
1
54272
1024
1
2
32
30 multip.text
Field
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
Start
1
2
6
10
11
31
32
62
97
132
167
171
187
222
226
242
262
282
302
332
336
340
341
349
357
365
367
369
Length
1
4
4
1
20
1
30
35
35
35
4
16
35
4
16
20
20
20
30
4
4
1
8
8
8
2
2
4
Type
constant
zerofill(l)
no zeros, zerofill(l)
table-lookup
no endspace,
no endspace,
no empty
no endspace,
zerofill(l)
no endspace,
no endspace,
zerofill(l)
no endspace,
no endspace,
no endspace,
no endspace,
no endspace,
always zero
always zero
not always
not always, no empty
not_always, no empty
not_always, no empty
not always
no empty
no empty
no empty
table-lookup
table-lookup
always zero
Huff tree Bits

1
0
2
9
2
9
3
9
4
0
3
9
5
9
6
9
7
9
6
9
2
9
5
9
6
9
2
9
5
9
8
9
8
9
5
9
6
9
2
9
2
9
3
9
0
9
10
0
2
9
2
9
2
9
2
9
465
466
7. MySQL
4
1
2
8
4
4
4
4
1
4
4
4
4
4
4
20
30
1
1
79
79
79
79
8
1
1
20
4
4
table-lookup
no zeros
always zero
table-lookup
11
3
2
2
2
12
13
2
no zeros
always zero
no zeros
always zero
no zeros
always zero
no empty
no empty
no
no
no
no
no
endspace, no empty
empty
empty
endspace
empty
no empty
no zeros, zerofill(2)
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
14
14
15
2
2
16
2
17
3
3
2
Csl
373
377
378
380
388
392
396
400
404
405
409
413
417
421
425
429
449
479
480
481
560
639
718
797
805
806
807
827
831
Csl
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
0
9
9
9
9
0
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
4
4
9
9
9
9
9
1
9
9
9
9
myisampack :
normal. , .
empty-space. , ; 1 .
empty-zero. , ; 1 .
empty-fill. ,
, ; . ,
BIGINT ( ) TINYINT ( ),
-128 127.
pre-space. , . .
end-space. , .
.
table-lookup. ,
. (Huffman) ENUM.
zero. , .
7.3. mysql
467
Original trees. .
After join. , .
, , myisamchk -dvv :
. . :
constant. .
no endspace. He .
no endspace, not_always. He
.
no endspace, no empty. He . .
table-lookup. ENUM.
z e r o f i l l ^ ) . .
no zeroes. He .
always zero. , .
Huff tree. , .
Bits. , .
, myisampack, myisamchk,
. , MySQL :
shell> myisamchk -rq sort-index analyze _ . MYI
ISAM.
packJLsam isamchk:
shell> isamchk -rq sort-index analyze _. ISM
MySQL mysqladmin flush-tables, mysqld .
, unpack
myisamchk isamchk.
7.3. mysql
mysql - SQL- ( GNU readline).
.
, ASCII-. (, ), , .
.
,
, quick. mysql , ,
468
7. MySQL
.
mysql_use_result () mysql_store_result ().
mysql . , :
s h e l l > mysql ___
s h e l l > mysql \1=_ password=napojib ___

SQL, ' ; ' , \ \G
<Enter>.
:
s h e l l > mysql ___ < s c r i p t . s q l > output.tab
mysql :
h e l p , - ? . .
batch, -. , ; .
mysql .
c h a r a c t e r - s e t s - d i r = n y T b . , .
. 4.7.1.
compress, -. ,
, .
databa=__, -D __. ,
. .
debug [=_],
_
-#
[_].
' d : t : o , _ \
'd:t:o,/tmp/mysql.trace 1 .
debug-info, -T.
.
default-character-set=Ha6op.
. . 4.7.1.
execute=onepaTop, -e . . , b a t c h .
f o r c e , -f. , SQL.
host=H/wi_xocTa, -h _. MySQL
.
--html, -H. HTML.
--ignore-space, - i . .
IGNORE_SPACE 4.2.2.
l o c a l - i n f i l e [ = {0 11} ]. LOCAL LOAD DATA

INFILE. , LOCAL.
--local-infile=0 ~ l o c a l - i n f i l e = l .
LOCAL , .
7.3. mysql
469
named-commands, -G. .
, , \*. ,
quit, /q.
no-auto-rehash, -. .
mysql ,
rehash, .
no-beep, -b. He .
no-named-commands, -g. . \*
, (;). MySQL 3.23.22, mysql , .
- .
no-pager. He . , 7.3.1.
no-tee. He .
7.3.1.
one-database, -0. , , . , , .
--pager[^]. . , PAGER.
less, more, cat [> filename] . Unix.
. 7.3.1.
pas sword [^], - []. . , (-), .

, .
=_, - _ . TCP/IP .
prompt^ _. .
mysql>. ,
, 7.3.1.
protocol={TCP I SOCKET | PIPE | MEMORY}. . MySQL 4.1.
--quick, -q. He ,
. , . mysql .
raw, -r. . batch.
reconnect. , .
. ,
skip-reconnect. MySQL 4.1.0.
470
7. MySQL
safe-updates, i-am-a-dummy, -U. UPDATE

DELETE, ,
. ,
, safe-updates . 7.3.3.
silent, -s. .
. ,
.
skip-column-names, -N. .
skip-line-numbers, -L. .
, ,
.
socket=nyTb, -S . , .
table, - t . .
,
.
tee=HM#_. . . 7.3.1.
--unbuffered, -n. .
=_, - _.
MySQL .
--verbose, -v. . . , . (, -v -v -v ).
version, -V. .
vertical, -E. .
, \G.
wait, -w. , , .
xml, -X. XML.
,
__ ^ :
connect_timeout. ( 0).
maxallowedpacket. ( 16 ).
m a x j o i n s i z e .
safe-updates ( 1 000 000).
n e t b u f f e r l e n g t h . TCP/IP (
16 ).
7.3. mysql
471
s e l e c t l i m i t . SELECT
safe-updates (go 1 000).
,
--set-1=_5= -0 _= . ,
MySQL 4.0, .
Unix mysql . .mysql J i i s t o r y . , MYSQL_HISTFILE.
,
,mysql_history, , :
MYSQLJilSTFILE /dev/null.
, .
,mysql_history, /dev/null:
shell> In -s /dev/null $HOME/.mysql_history
.
7.3.1. mysql
mysql SQL- . , mysql . , help \h
mysql:
mysql> help
MySQL commands:
(\h)
clear
(\c)
connect
(\r)
delimiter
edit
ego
(\d)
(\e)
(\G)
exit
go
help
nopager
notee
pager
(\q)
(\g)
(\h)
(\n)
(\t)
(\P)
print
prompt
quit
rehash
source
(\p)
(\R)
(\q)
(\#)
(\.)
Synonym for 4help'.

Clear command.
Reconnect to the server.
Optional arguments are db and host.
Set query delimiter.
Edit command with $EDITOR.
Send command to mysql server,
display result vertically.
Exit mysql. Same as quit.
Send command to mysql server.
Display this help.
Disable pager, print to stdout.
Don't write into outfile.
Set PAGER [to__pager] .
Print the query results via PAGER.
Print current command.
Change your mysql prompt.
Quit mysql.
Rebuild completion hash.
Execute an SQL script file.
7. MySQL
472
status
system
tee
(\s)
(\!)
(\T)
use
(\u)
MySQL:
p
(\h)
clear
(\c)
connect
(\r)
delimiter
edit
ego
(\d)
(\e)
(\G)
exit
go
help
nopager
notee
pager
(\q)
(\g).
(\h)
(\n)
(\t)
(\P)
print
prompt
quit
rehash
source
(\p)
(\R)
(\q)
(\#)
(\.)
status
system
tee
(\s)
(\!)
(\T)
use
(\u)
Takes a f i l e name as an argument.

Get status information from the server.
Execute a system shell command.
Set outfile [to__outfile] .
Append everything into given outfile.
Use another database.
Takes database name as argument.
' h e l p ' .
.
.
db host.
.
$EDITOR.
mysql,
.
mysql. To , quit.
mysql.
.
, stdout.
.
PAGER [to_pager].
PAGER.
.
mysql.
mysql.
.
SQL.
.
.
.
[to_outfile].
.
.
.
edit, nopager, pager system Unix.

status ,
. safe-updates, status
mysql, .
, tee. , , .
.
tee , tee. notee. tee
. tee , .
, tee ,
mysql .
Unix, less, more, pager.
7.3. mysql
473
, mysql PAGER .
pager
nopager. . , . , ,
, , stdout.
Unix, (), Windows . Windows
tee, ,
, pager.
pager:
, :
mysql> pager cat > /tmp/log.txt
, :
mysql> pager less -n -i -S
-S. . . -S less , .
-S less,
.
less:
shell> man less

:
mysql> pager cat | tee /drl/tmp/res.txt \

| tee /dr2/tmp/res2.txt | less -n -i -S
,
, /drl /dr2, less.
tee pager. tee pager, less, less . Unix- tee,
pager, mysql tee , tee
, Unix .
tee , , Unix-
tee, pager, .
, tee mysql. ,
, .
474
7. MySQL
MySQL 4.0.2, mysql> . , , :
\v
\d
\h
TCP/IP.
\U
u s e r_n ame @ h s t _ n ame.
\\
'V.
\t
( ).
\_
\R
24- .
12- .
, .
\Y
, .
\D
\s
\w
(, Tue,...).
am/pm.
\0
(Jan, Feb,...).
, .
' \ ' .
prompt , mysql
- mysql>.
:
. mysql, :
shell> export MYSQLJ>S1=" (\u@\h) [\d]> "
. [mysql] MySQL - /etc/my.cnf

.my. cnf . :
[mysql]
prompt=(\\u@\\h) [\\d]>\\_
7.3. mysql
475
, . , prompt
, , .
, . ( 3.3.2.) , . , \s
,
. , , ::>:
[mysql]
prompt="\\r:\\m:\\s> "
.
prompt mysql, :
shell> mysql --prompt=" (\u@\h) [\d]> "
{) [__] >
. , prompt ( \R), :
mysql> prompt (\u@\h) [\d]>\_
PROMPT set to '(\u@\h) [\d]>\_'
{) [^]>
{) [_]> prompt
Returning to default PROMPT of mysql>
mysql>
7.3.2. SQL-
mysql :
shell> mysql __
SQL- ,
mysql . , _, . mysql,
:
shell> mysql __ < _
USE __.
:
shell> mysql < ^
mysql , SQL-,
source, \.:
mysql> source _;
mysql> \. _
7. MySQL
476
7.3.3. mysql
, mysql
.
7.3.3.1.
,
, . , , ,
:
m y s q l > SELECT * FROM m a i l s WHERE LENGTH(txt) < 300 LIMIT 300,1\G
***************************
i# r o w
***************************
msg_nro:
date:
time_zone:
mail_from:
reply:
mail_to:
sbj:
txt:
3068
2000-03-01 23:29:50
+0200
Monty
monty@no.spam.com
"Thimble Smith" <tim@no.spam.com>
UTF-8
> "Thimble" == Thimble Smith writes:
Thimble> Hi. I think this is a good idea. Is anyone familiar

Thimble> with UTF-8 or Unicode? Otherwise, I'll put this on my
Thimble> TODO list and see what happens.
Yes, please do that.
Regards,
Monty
file: inbox-jani-1
hash: 190402944
1 row in set (0.09 sec)
7.3.3.2. - -safe-updates
--safe-updates ( i-am-a-dummy) .
MySQL 3.23.11. , DELETE FROM __ WHERE.
. --safe-updates
, . .
--safe-updates, mysql
:
SET SQL_SAFE_UPDATES=l,SQL_SELECT_LIMIT=1000,
SQL_MAX_JOIN_SIZE=1000000;
SET :
UPDATE DELETE,
WHERE
LIMIT ( ). :
UPDATE _ SET not_key_column=# WHERE key_column=#;
UPDATE _ SET not_key_column=# LIMIT 1;
477
SELECT 1000 ,
LIMIT.
SELECT, 1 000 000 , .
, 1000 1000000,
, select_limit max_join_size:
shell> mysql --safe-updates --select_limit=500 --max_join_size=10000
7.3.3.3. mysql
mysql ,
. mysql , , :
, ,
. - , , :
mysql> SET @a=l;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)
mysql> INSERT INTO t VALUES(@a);
ERROR 2006: MySQL server has gone away
No connection. Trying to reconnect...
Connection id: 1
Current database: test
Query OK, 1 row affected (1.30 sec)
mysql> SELECT * FROM t;
I a
|
+
+
| NULL |

@ ,
. , mysql
,
skip-reconnection.
7.4.
MySQL- mysqladmin
mysqladmin - ,
.
, , .
mysqladmin :
s h e l l > mysqladmin
[]
[-]
mysqladmin :
...
478
7. MySQL
create ___. .
drop __. .
extended-status. .
flush-hosts. .
flush-logs. .
flush-privileges. ( , reload).
flush-status. .
flush-tables. .
flush-threads. ( MySQL 3.23.16).
k i l l , ,.... .
password -. . ,
mysqladmin.
ping. , .
processlist. . ,
SHOW PROCESSLIST. verbose,
SHOW FULL PROCESSLIST.
reload. ( , flush-privileges).
refresh. , .
shutdown. .
s t a r t - s l a v e . (
MySQL 3.23.16).
status. .
stop-slave. (
MySQL 3.23.16).
variables. .
version. .
. :
shell> mysqladmin proc stat
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
I Id | User | Host
| db | Command
| Time | State I Info |
I 6 | monty | localhost I
I Processlist | 0
|
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Uptime: 10077 Threads: 1 Questions: 9 Slow queries: 0
Opens: 6 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 2
Memory in use: 1092K Max memory used: 1116K
status mysqladmin :
Uptime. .
Threads. ().
I
+
|
+
479
Questions. .
Slow queries. ,
long_query_time .
Opens. , .
Flush tables. flush . . . , refresh
reload.
Open tables. , .
Memory in use. ,
mysqld. , MySQL
--with-debug-full.
Maximum memory used. , mysqld. , MySQL
with-debug-full.
mysqladmin shutdown,
Unix, mysqladmin , , , .
mysqladmin :
help, -?. .
character-sets-dir=nyTb. , .
. 4.7.1.
compress, -. , , .
count=#, - #. , .
sleep (-i).
debug[=__], -# [^]. .
_ 'd:t:o,_*.
'd:t:,/tmp/mysqladmin.trace'.
force, -f. He drop database.

.
host=HM#_xocTa, -h __. MySQL .

password[=], -[]. . , (-), .
, .
t=HOMep_nopTaf - . TCP/IP .
protocol={TCP I SOCKET I PIPE | MEMORY}. . MySQL 4.1.
r e l a t i v e , -. ,
-i.
extended-status.
480
7. MySQL
silent, -s. ,
.
si 1=, - i .
.
=_, - _.
MySQL .
verbose, -v. . .
version, -V. .
vertical, -E. . relative,

.
wait [=#], -w [#]. , , . , ( 1).
_=
:
connect __timeout. ( 0).
shutdown_timeout. ( 0).
, set-variable=
_= -0 _=. ,
MySQL 4.0, .
7.5.
mysqlbinlog
, ,
. mysqlbinlog.
, MySQL 3.23.14.
mysqlbinlog :
shell> mysqlbinlog [] - . . .
,
:
shell> mysqlbinlog binlog.0000003
binlog.000003,
, binlog.000003, , ,
, , .
mysqlbinlog
MySQL.
, read-f romremote-server. ,
, ,
.
7.5. mysqlbinlog
481
, , , ,
read-from-remote-server. : host,
password, port, protocol, socket user.
mysqlbinlog , . ,
.
4.8.4.
mysqlbinlog :
help, -?. .
databa=:__, -d __. , ( ).
force-read, -f. .
host=HM#_xocTa, -h _. MySQL
.
local-load=nyTb, -1 . LOAD DATA INFILE.
of f set=N, -o N. N .
pas sword [=], -[]. . , (-), .

, .
port=HOMep_nopTa, -P _. TCP/IP .
position=N, - j N. N.
protocol={TCP I SOCKET | PIPE I MEMORY}. . MySQL 4.1.
read-from-remote-server, -R. MySQL. , . host, password, port, protocol,
socket user.
r e s u l t - f -=, - . .
short-form, -s. , , .
--socket=nyTb, -S . , .
-_9 - _.
MySQL .
version, -V. .
_=
:
open_files_limit.
.
482
7. MySQL
mysqlbinlog mysql,
, . , (. 4.6.1):
shell> mysqlbinlog ^-. 000001 | mysql
shell> mysqlbinlog _-. [0-9]* | mysql

mysqlbinlog , (,
, - ).
, mysql.
mysqlbinlog --position, ,
.
, MySQL, , ,
. , ,
:
shell> mysqlbinlog _-.000001 | mysql # !!
shell> mysqlbinlog _-.000002 | mysql # !!
, , , CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE,
- , .
mysql , .
, " ".
, . :
shell> mysqlbinlog __-. 000001 ^-. 000002 | mysql
:
shell> mysqlbinlog _-bin.000001 > /tmp/statements.sql
shell> mysqlbinlog _-.000002 /tmp/statements.sql
shell> mysql -e "source /tmp/statements.sql"
MySQL 3.23 LOAD DATA INFILE.
. MySQL 4.0.14, , mysqlbinlog , LOAD DATA INFILE, .
mysqlbinlog LOAD DATA INFILE,
. , ,
. , local-load.
7.6. MySQL mysqlcc
483
mysqlbinlog LOAD DATA INFILE LOAD DATA LOCAL

INFILE ( , LOCAL), , , , , LOCAL.
|
, LOAD DATA INFILE, ,

, .
, .
___ - # - #.
, mysqlbinlog mysqld.
LOAD DATA INFILE.
MySQL 4.1 mysqlbinlog ,
mysql, , , . MySQL 4.1
.
7.6. MySQL mysqlcc

MySQL, mysqlcc, -
, MySQL. , . , .
mysqlcc MySQL, http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/. mysqlcc Windows Linux.
mysqlcc, . :
shell> mysqlcc []
mysqlcc :
--help, -?. .
blocking-queries, -b. .
compress, -. ,
, .
connection-name=HM#, - . server.
databa=__, -d __. . .
--history-size=#, -H #. .
--host=HM#_xocTa, -h __. MySQL .

local-infile[ = {0|l}]. LOCAL LOAD DATA
INFILE. , LOCAL.
484
7. MySQL
local-infile=0 local-infile=l.
LOCAL , .
pass word [-], -[]. . ,

(-), .
, .
plugins_path=MM#, -g . ,
MySQL.
port=HOMep_nopTa, -P ^. TCP/IP .
query, -q. .
register, -r. Register Server (
).
server=HM*, -s . MySQL.
syntax, -. .
syntax_f =, -Y . .
translationj?ath=HM#, -T . ,
MySQL.
=__, - _.
MySQL .
version, -V. .
_=
:
connect_timeout. ( 0).
max_allowed_packet. ( 16 ).
max_join_size.
--safe-updates ( 1 000 000).
net_buffer_length. TCP/IP (
16 ).
select_limit. SELECT
safe-updates ( 1 000).
,
set-variable=_= -0 _=. ,
MySQL 4.0, .
7.7. mysqlcheck
485
7.7.
mysqlcheck
mysqlcheck MylSAM.
, mysqlcheck ,
MySQL 3.23.38.
mysqlcheck myisamchk, .
, mysqlcheck
mysqld, myisamchk - . mysqlcheck ,
.
mysqlcheck SQL- CHECK TABLE, REPAIR TABLE, ANALYZE TABLE
OPTIMIZE TABLE . ,
,
.
mysqlcheck:
shell> mysqlcheck [] _6_ []
shell> raysqlcheck [] databases _1 [__2 _...]
shell> mysqlcheck [] all-databases
--databases
all-databases, .
mysqlcheck , . (check)
. , , mysqlcheck mysqlrepair mysqlrepair, mysqlcheck. mysqlrepair, .
mysqlcheck
:
mysqlrepair
repair,
mysqlanalyze
analyze,
mysqloptimize
optimize.
mysqlcheck :
help, -?. .
all-databases, -. .
all-in-1, - 1 . , ,
, .
analyze, -. .
--auto-repair. , . , .
. 4.7.1.
486
7. MySQL
--check, -. .
check-only-changed, -. ,
.
compress. , , .
databases, -. . , .
debug[=_], -# [_]. .
_ ' d: t : , _'.
. . 4.7.1.
extended, -e. , , 100% ,

.
,
, ,
"" .
--fast, -F. , .
force, -f. SQL.
host=HM*_xocTa, -h _. MySQL
.
medium-check, -m. , ,
extended. 99,99% ,
.
optimize, -. .
--password[^], -[]. . ,
(-), .
, .
port=_, - _. TCP/IP .
protocol={TCP | SOCKET | PIPE | MEMORY}. . MySQL 4.1.
quick, -q. , .
.
, . .
repair, -r. , ,
, - .
silent, -s. .
, .
7.8. mysqldump
487
tables. --databases -.
.
use=_, - _.
MySQL .
verbose, -v. .
.
--version, -V. .
7.8.
mysqldump
mysqldump

SQL- ( MySQL). SQL-,
/ .
,
mysqlhotcopy mysqldump. . 7.9.
mysqldump:
s h e l l > mysqldump [] __ []
shell> mysqldurap [] databases _1 [_2 _...]
shell> mysqldurap [] all-databases
databases a l l databases, .
,
mysqldump, mysqldump help.
mysqldump quick opt, mysqldump , .
, . MySQL 4.1,
opt , --skip-opt.
mysqldump , MySQL, opt - .
, , inf -inf,
NaN (not-a-number), mysqldump NULL. , :
mysql>
mysql>
mysql>
mysql>
inf
-inf
CREATE TABLE t (f DOUBLE);

INSERT INTO t VALUES(le+111111111111111111111);
INSERT INTO t V A L U E S ( - l e l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l ) ;
SELECT f FROM t ;
7. MySQL
mysqldump :
%
INSERT INTO t VALUES (NULL);
INSERT INTO t VALUES (NULL);
,
, .
mysqldump :
help, -?. .
add-drop-table. CREATE TABLE DROP

TABLE.
add-locks. LOCK TABLE UNLOCK

TABLE. , . .
6.2.12.
--all-databases, -. . , databases .
all-keywords. ,
. ,
- .
comments [ = {011} ]. 0,
. , , . --skip-comments , --comments=0. 1, . MySQL 4.0.17.
compatible-name=HM*. , MySQL.
mysql323, mysql40, postgresql, oracle,
mssql, db2, sapdb, no_key_options, no_table_options no_field_options. , . , , SQL . . 4.2.2.
MySQL 4.1.0 .
.
complete-insert, -. INSERT, .
compress, -. ,
, .
create-options. MySQL
CREATE TABLE. MySQL 4.1.2 all.
7.8. mysqldump
489
--databases, -. .
. . . USE
__ .
debug [=_], -# [_]. .
_ ' d: t : , _'.
. . 4.7.1. ,
MySQL 4.1.2, utf 8; lati.nl.
delayed. , INSERT DELAYED.
delete-master-logs.
.
f i r s t - s l a v e . MySQL 3.23.57 ( MySQL 3.23)
MySQL 4.0.13 ( MySQL 4.0).
disable-keys, -. INSERT
/ * ! 40000 ALTER TABLE ^ DISABLE KEYS */ / * ! 40000 ALTER TABLE
_ ENABLE KEYS */.

MySQL, .
My ISAM.
extended-insert, -e. INSERT, VALUES. .
fields-terminates-by=...
fields-enclosed-by=...
fields-optionally-enclosed-by=...
fields-escaped-by=...
fields~terminated-by=...
- , LOAD DATA INFILE.
f i r s t - s l a v e , -x. .
flush-logs, -F.
. , a l l databases ( -),
.
force, -f. ,
SQL.
host=HM*_xocTa, -h _. MySQL, ( localhost).

lock-tables, -1. . READ LOCK,
My ISAM.
,
. ,
490
7. MySQL
.
.
master-data. first-slave,
CHANGE MASTER TO,
,
SQL- .
no-create-db, -. CREATE DATABASE /* 132312

IF NOT EXISTS*/ __,
, databases all-databases.
no-create-info, -t. He CREATE TABLE, .
no-data, -d. He . ,
.
opt. ; ,
quick add-drop-table add-locks create-options disable-keys
extended-insert --lock-tables. ,
MySQL. MySQL 4.1, --opt ,
skip-opt. , opt,
skip. , skip-add-drop-table skip-quick.
password [^], -[]. . ,

(-), .
, .
t=HOMep_nop, - __. TCP/IP .
quick, -q. .
mysqldump ,
.
--quote-names, -Q. , ' N '.

SQL- ANSI_QUOTES,
. MySQL 4.1.1, quote-names
.
result-file=$awi, -r . .
Windows,
\' '\\' ( , ).
single-transaction. SQL- BEGIN

. innoDB READ COMMITED,
,
BEGIN, .
7.8. mysqldump
491
,
. ,
MylSAM HEAP .
single-transaction MySQL 4.O.2.
lock-tables , LOCK TABLES .
socket=nyTb, -S . ,
localhost ( ).
tab=nyrb, -T . -.
mysqldump _. sql,
CREATE TABLE, _. txt, . - , .
.txt
. f ields lines-xxx.
j? , mysqldump , mysqld. MySQL FILE, a

, .
--tables. --databases -. ,
, .
=_, - __.
MySQL .
--verbose, -v. . .
version, -V. .
where='_*/', -w _where*. , WHERE. , , , .

:
"where=user='jimf'"
"-wuserid>l"
"-wuserickl"
xml, -X. XML-.
_=
:
max_allowed_packet. - . 16
MySQL 4.0 1 - 4.0 .
492
7. MySQL
(
--extended-insert --opt), mysqldump
max_allowed_packet. ,
, max_allowed_packet , , .
n e t b u f fer_length. - .

set-var 1=__= - _= .
, MySQL 4.0, .
, mysqldump :
shell> mysqldump opt __ > backup-file. sql
:
shell> mysql __ < backup-file.sql
shell> mysql -e "source /---/backup-file. sql" ___

mysqldump MySQL :
shell> mysqldump opt __ | mysql hos=- - \
_ __
:
shell> mysqldump databases __1 [__2 . . . ] > \
my__databases. sql
, all-databases:
shell> mysqldump all-databases > all_databases.sql

4.6.1.
7.9.
mysqhotcopy
mysqhotcopy - Perl, LOCK TABLES, FLUSH
TABLES scp .
,
, .
mysqhotcopy My ISAM ISAM
Unix , MySQL 4.0.18, NetWare.
shell> mysqlhotcopy __ [///_)
shell> mysqlhotcopy ___1...___ ///_
shell> mysqlhotcopy __./_/
mysqhotcopy :
7.10. mysqlimport
493
h e l p , - ? . .
allowold. He , ( _old).
1^=__._.
__. _.
debug. .
dryrun, -n. .
f l u s h l o g . , .
keepold. He ()
.
method=#. ( scp).
n o i n d i c e s . He .
. myisamchk
- r q isamchk -rq.
password[=], -[]. . , MySQL, .
port=HOMep_nopra, -P _ . TCP/IP .
q u i e t , -q. , .
--=. ,
.
socket=nyTb, -S . Unix, .
suf f =. .
tmpdir=nyTb. ( /tmp).
=_, - __.
MySQL .
mysqhotcopy [ c l i e n t ] [mysqhotcopy]
.
mysqhotcopy, ,
, SELECT RELOAD ( FLUSH TABLES).
p e r l d o c
mysqhotcopy:
shell> perldoc mysqlhotcopy
7.10. mysqlimport
mysqlimport
SQL- LOAD DATA INFILE. mysqlimport
LOAD DATA INFILE.
494
7. MySQL
mysqlimport :
shell> mysqlimport [] __ ^! [_2...]
, , mysqlimport
,
. , p a t i e n t . t x t ,
p a t i e n t . t e x t p a t i e n t p a t i e n t ,
mysqlimport :
h e l p , - ? . .
col=_, - ^. , .
.
compress, -. ,
, .
debug [=_], -# [__]. .

_ ' d: t : , _'.
d e l e t e , -D. .
fields-terminates-by=...
fields-enclosed-by=...
fields-optionally-enclosed-by=...
fields-escaped-by=...
fields-terminated-by=...
- , LOAD DATA INFILE.
f o r c e , -f. . , , .
.
host=HM#_xoccra, -h _. MySQL ( l o c a l h o s t ) .
i g n o r e , - i . . r e p l a c e .
i g n o r e - l i n e s = n . .
l o c a l , -L. . ,
, l o c a l h o s t (
).
- - l o c k - t a b l e s , - 1 .
. , .
password[=], -[]. . ,
(-), .
, .
1=_ - _. TCP/IP .
7.11.
, mysqlshow
495
--replace, -. replace ignore

,
. --replace,
. ignore,
. ,
, , .
silent, -s. .
.
socket=nyrb, -S . , .
=_, - __.
MySQL .
verbose, -v. . .
version, -V. .
mysqlimport:
shell> mysql -e 'CREATE TABLE imptest(id INT, n VARCHAR(30))'
shell> ed
a
100 Max Sydow
101 Count Dracula
test
w imptest.txt
32
q
shell> od -c imptest.txt
0000000
0000020
0000040
1 0 0
\ t M
1 \ t C o u n
a
t
S
D
y
r
o
a
w
c
\ n1
0
a \ n
shell> mysqlimport local test imptest.txt

test.imptest: Records: 2 Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0 Warnings: 0
shell> mysql -e 'SELECT * FROM imptesf test
I id
+
I 100
I 101
+
7.11.
|n
I
+
+
| Max Sydow
|
| Count Dracula |
+
+
,
mysqlshow
mysqlshow
, , .
mysqlshow SQL-
SHOW. , , mysql.
496
7. MySQL
mysqlshow :
shell> mysqlshow [] [__ [_ [_]]]
, .
, .
,
.
, MySQL ,
, .
SQL ('*','?','%' '_'), , .
,
( Unix ),
. '*' '?'
SQL '%' '_'. , '_' , mysqlshow
, . ,
'%' .
mysqlshow :
--help, -?. .
. 4.7.1.
compress, -. ,
, .
debug [=_], -# [_]. .
_ 'd: t:,_'.
default-character-set= .
. . 4.7.1.
~host=MM_xocTa, -h _. MySQL .
keys, -. .
--password[=], -[ ]. . ,
(-), .
, .
port=HOMep_nopra, -P _. TCP/IP .
--protocol={TCP | SOCKET | PIPE | MEMORY}. . MySQL 4.1.

socket=nyib, -S . , .
status, -i. .
=_, - _.
MySQL .
verbose, -v. . . , .
7.13. replace
497
version, -V. .
7.12. perror

MySQL :
... (errno: #)
... (Errcode: #)
, ,
perror.
perror . perror :
s h e l l > perror [] _ . . .
:
shell> perror 13 64
Error code 13: Permission denied
Error code 64: Machine is not on the network
, . .
7.13. replace
replace . .
, . , b f i l e l f ile2:
shell> replace a b b a f i l e l f i l e 2 ...
, ,
.
, , ,
, .
, replace
. .
replace msql2mysql :
-?, - I . .
-# _. . _
' d: t : , _'.
-s. .
, .
-v. . ,
.
-V. .

MySQL
ySQL , . MySQL ,
:
ISAM, .
My ISAM . MySQL 4.1 , MySQL
5.0 .
MySQL 3.23.0 MylSAM
HEAP. MylSAM ISAM. HEAP " "
(in-memory table). MySQL 3.23.25 MERGE, MylSAM . MySQL .
HEAP MEMORY.
innoDB BDB,
, MySQL 3.23.
MySQL 3.23.34. BDB
MySQL-Max , . InnoDB MySQL-Max
MySQL 3.23. MySQL 4.0, InnoDB . , MySQL , .
MySQL,
InnoDB, 9.
MySQL ,
. CREATE TABLE
ENGINE TYPE:
8.1. MylSAM
499
CREATE TABLE t (i INT) ENGINE = INNODB;

CREATE TABLE t (i INT) TYPE = MEMORY;
ENGINE ,
MySQL, 4.0.18. TYPE , MySQL 3.23.0 - MySQL, .
ENGINE TYPE, My ISAM.
, , table_type.
ALTER
TABLE, :
ALTER TABLE t ENGINE = MYISAM;
ALTER TABLE t TYPE = BDB;
^ ,
, MySQL My ISAM. ,
MySQL, . (,
, -
.)
, My ISAM MySQL. MySQL 4.1 .
MySQL . f rm,
.
, . . f rm
. , , .
() .
(Non-Transaction-Safe
Table - NTST) (Transaction-Safe Table - TST),
:
. MySQL
, .
COMMIT ( , ).
ROLLBACK ( , ).
, . (
.)
, .
500
8. MySQL
, innoDB MySQL 3.23, , , innodb_data_file_path.

4.0, InnoDB , ( ).
. 9.4.
,
:
.
.
.
,
. , , .
8.1. MylSAM
MySQL 3.23 My ISAM .
ISAM .
My ISAM ,
, . . f rm , .MYD (MYData),
.MYI (MYIndex).
, My ISAM, ENGINE TYPE:
CREATE TABLE t (i INT) ENGINE = MYISAM;
CREATE TABLE t (i INT) TYPE = MYISAM;
. My ISAM
, .
My ISAM
myisamchk (. 4.6.2.7). myisampack MylSAM,
(. 7.2).
ISAM MylSAM :
,
.
, ,
( , ),
IEEE ( ). ,
.
8.1. MylSAM
501
; ,
. ,
, , - .
, ( 63 ); , .
, .

.
64 (
MySQL 4.1.2 32).
. 16.
1000 ( MySQL 4.1.2
500). .
250 ,
( 1024 ).
BLOB TEXT.
NULL.
0-1 .
,
.
My ISAM , ISAM.
, My ISAM
, ISAM,
My ISAM .
(
AUTOINCREMENT) ,
.
.
AUTO_INCREMENT.
My ISAM
INSERT/UPDATE, AUTO_INCREMENT
( 10%). , ISAM. ( , AUTO_INCREMENT
.) AUTO_INCREMENT ALTER TABLE myisamchk.
,
INSERT ,
. ( -
8. MySQL
502
.)

. ()
, .
,
( DATA DIRECTORY INDEX
DIRECTORY CREATE
TABLE).
MySQL 4.1 .
My ISAM , ,
. mysqld
--myisam-recover, MylSAM ( ),
.
myisamchk ,
update-state. fast,
, .
analyze myisamchk
, , ISAM.
myisamchk BLOB VARCHAR;
pack_isam- .
My ISAM , MySQL :
VARCHAR; VARCHAR , .
VARCHAR , .
VARCHAR CHAR 64 .
UNIQUE .
UNIQUE . (
,
UNIQUE.)
8.1.1. MylSAM
MylSAM mysqld:
my is am- re cove =.
MylSAM.
delay-key-write=ALL.
MylSAM.
MylSAM (, % MySQL myisamchk) . f; .
8.1. MylSAM
503
external-locking ,
delay-key-write.
. 4.2.1.
My ISAM :
bulk_insert_buffer__size. ,
.
myisam_max_extra_sort_file_size. , MySQL
, ,
.
|
&
MySQL 4.0.3 ,
- .
m y i s a m m a x s o r t f i l e s i z e . , ,
, .
!
*/* MySQL 4.0.3 ,
|% - .
myisam_sort_buf fer_size. , .
. 4.2.3.
raysqld
myisam-recover. , MylSAM,
, ,
skipexternal-locking. , :
.
, ( , ).
(, - ), , .
,
( ).
.

, --myisam-recover FORCE,
:
Error: Couldn't repair table: test.gOOpages
504
8. MySQL
: : test.gOOpages
FORCE, :
Warning: Found 344 of 354 rows when repairing ./test/gOOpages
: 344 354 ./test/gOOpages
,
BACKUP, ,
_-- .. .
8.1.2. ,
My ISAM -. [_+4) /0.67, . , .
. , * ,
, ,
VARCHAR, . , .
MylSAM .
PACK_KEYS=1.
,
.
8.1.3. MylSAM
My ISAM . ( )
. , ,
myisampack.
CREATE ALTER ,
BLOB TEXT, ROW_FORMAT
FIXED DYNAMIC. CHAR VARCHAR CHAR
FIXED VARCHAR DYNAMIC.
, ALTER TABLE ROW_FORMAT={COMPRESSED | DEFAULT}.
8.1.3.1.
( )
MylSAM . ,
( VARCHAR, BLOB TEXT). .
8.1. MylSAM
505
My ISAM (
). ,
. , : . ,
.
, MySQL My ISAM . myisamchk ,
. , My ISAM .
:
CHAR, NUMERIC DECIMAL
.
.
.
( , ).
, . OPTIMIZE TABLE myisamchk -r.
,
.
8.1.3.2.
, My ISAM (VARCHAR, BLOB TEXT) ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC.
, ,
. , , .
OPTIMIZE TABLE
myisamchk. , , ,
.
:
,
4.
, ,
( ) (
). , ,
NULL. -
8. MySQL
506
, ,
. .
,
.
, .
, ,
. ,
, , .
OPTIMIZE TABLE myisamchk -,
.
myisamchk -ei.
, ,
; , (
).

:
3
+
+
+
+
+
{ + 7) / 8
{ )
{ )
{ )
{ NULL + 7) / 8
6 .
.
20 ,
.
. myisamchk -ed.
myisamchk -r.
8.1.3.3.
myisampack.
3.23.19, MySQL myisampack.
( MySQL GPL.) myisampack
; , ,
myisampack. myisamchk. ( ISAM
pack_isam isamchk.)
:
. , (, -).
8.1. MylSAM
507
,
. (1-3 ), . -. . :
.
.
.
,
. , BIGINT ( ) TINYINT (
), -128 127.
,
ENUM.
.
.
8.1-4. , MylSAM
, MySQL , , ,
.
8.1.4.1. MylSAM
MylSAM ( , SQL, , ), .
:
mysqld.
.
.
, ,
(, myisamchk).
MySQL MylSAM.
:

:
Incorrect key f i l e for table: ' . . . ' . Try to repair i t
: ' . . . ' .

.
CHECK TABLE. MylSAM REPAIR TABLE. -
508
8. MySQL
mysqld , myisamchk. . 4.6.2.1.

, . , ,
. :
restarted mysqld, ,
. , .
,
. . .4.2.
8.1.4.2. ,
My ISAM (.MY I) ,
. CHECK TABLE myisamchk :
clients are using or haven't closed the table properly

, . ,
, .
:
MySQL
.
.
(
FLUSH TABLES ), , .
,
, .
, , ,
.
, :
My ISAM LOCK TABLES FLUSH TABLES.
MySQL . (
, , MySQL
, .)
myisamchk --recover
myisamchk --update-state , mysqld.
mysqld;
REPAIR TABLE CHECK TABLE,
. CHECK TABLE, -
8.2. MERGE
509
. REPAIR TABLE, .
, . 4.9.
8.2. MERGE
MERGE MySQL 3.23.25. MRG__MyISAM.
.
MERGE ,
My ISAM, . "" , .
, - ,
.
myisampack. . 7.2.
MERGE MySQL .
, .
. frm , .MRG ,
. (
, MERGE. MySQL 4.1.1.)
, MERGE, SELECT, DELETE,
UPDATE ( MySQL 4.0) INSERT. ,
, MERGE.
MERGE DROP,
MERGE. , MERGE, .
MERGE UN ION=( - ),
, . ,
MERGE
UNION, INSERT_METHOD .
N0,
MERGE .
MERGE:
mysql> CREATE TABLE t l (
->
->
a INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,

m e s s a g e CHAR(20));
mysql> CREATE TABLE t 2 (

->
->
a INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,

m e s s a g e CHAR(20));
mysql> INSERT INTO t l (message) VALUES ( ' T e s t i n g ' ) , ( ' t a b l e ' ) , ( ' t l ) ;
mysql> INSERT INTO t2 (message) VALUES ('Testing),('table'),('t2');
mysql> CREATE TABLE t o t a l (
->
a INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
->
m e s s a g e CHAR(20), INDEX(a))
-> TYPE=MERGE U N I O N = ( t l , t 2 ) INSERT METHOD=LAST;
510
8. MySQL
, MERGE , PRIMARY KEY, My ISAM. ,

MERGE ,
.
MERGE, :
mysql> SELECT * FROM total;
++
+
I a | message |
++
+
1 | Testing |
2 | table
|
3 I tl
|
1 | Testing |
2 | table
|
3 I t2
I
+ +
+
, .MRG
MySQL:
shell> cd /__1/__
shell> Is -1 tl t2 > total.MRG
shell> mysqladmin flush-tables
My ISAM MERGE, :
DROP .
ALTER TABLE _ UNION= (...)
, .
. MRG FLUSH TABLE MERGE
, .
MERGE:
. , ,
, myisampack MERGE,
.
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511
.
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.
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10 10 ,
.)
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ref. eq_ref ref 6.2.1.
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ALTER TABLE MERGE

, .
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.
512
8. MySQL
MySQL 4.1.1 MERGE

.
REPLACE .
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4.1.x.
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TABLE UNIQUE , .) .
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MERGE ( FLUSH TABLES) MERGE,
. .
8.3. MEMORY (HEAP)
513
8.3.
MEMORY (HEAP)
MEMORY , . MySQL 4.1, MEMORY HEAP, MEMORY.
MEMORY .
. f rm, ,
. , MEMORY,
ENGINE TYPE:
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CREATE TABLE t (i INT) TYPE = HEAP;
MEMORY . . -
, MEMORY, .
, . f rm , .
, MEMORY:
mysql> CREATE TABLE t e s t TYPE=MEMORY
-> SELECT ip,SUM(downloads) AS down
-> FROM log_table GROUP BY ip;
mysql> SELECT COUNT(ip),AVG(down) FROM t e s t ;
mysql> DROP TABLE t e s t ;
MEMORY :
MEMORY .
100%- (
). MEMORY
.
. . MEMORY
,
.
MEMORY 32 , 16 ,
500 .
MySQL 4.1 MEMORY
. MySQL 4.1,
, USING
, MEMORY HASH BTREE:
CREATE TABLE
(id
INT,
lookup
INDEX USING HASH
(id))
ENGINE = MEMORY;
CREATE
(id
TABLE
INT,
lookup
INDEX USING BTREE
ENGINE = MEMORY;
(id))
514
8. MySQL
- ,
6.4.5.
MEMORY ( ).
MEMORY ( ) , , ,
. ( ).
BTREE.
MEMORY .
MEMORY BLOB TEXT.
MEMORY AUTO_INCREMENT.
MySQL 4.0.2 MEMORY

, NULL.
MEMORY ( ).
MEMORY,
, ,
, . , " " (on-disk table), .
tmp_table_size.
MEMORY .
, tmp_table_size , MEMORY.
MAX_ROWS CREATE TABLE.
MEMORY,
.
, MEMORY,
, DELETE
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MEMORY
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, MEMORY, , .
, ,
. MySQL 4.0.18, MEMORY
515
, DELETE FROM ,
. ,

. MEMORY
i n i t - f i l e ,
.
, MEMORY, :
SUM_OVER_ALL_KEYS(max_length_of_key + sizeof(char*) * 2)
+ ALIGN(length_of_row+l, sizeof(char*))
ALIGN () ,
char. sizeof (char*) 4
32- 8 64-.
8.4. BDB
(BerkleyDB)
Sleepycat Software MySQL Berkley DB,
BDB .
MySQL, 3.23.34, MySQl-Max.
BDB .
COMMIT ROLLBACK . MySQL BDB, ,
MySQL. BDB MySQL .
MySQL AB
Sleepycat,
MySQL/BDB. ( Berkley DB,
MySQL - , .)
BDB,
.
Sleepycat, , , . , BDB ,
. ,
- , Berkley DB , MySQL. . 1.4.1.
Berkley DB Sleepycat
http://www.sleepycat.com.
8. MySQL
516
8.4.1. , BDB
BDB :
Linux 2.x Intel
Sun Solaris (SPARC 86)
FreeBSD4.x/5.x(x86, sparc64)
IBM AIX 4.3.x
SCO OpenServer
SCO UnixWare 7.1.x
BDB
:
Linux 2.x Alpha
Linux 2.x AMD64
Linux 2.x IA-64
Linux 2.x s390
Mac OS X
]*; !
f*
%\ . , '. .
MySQL
BDB, mysqld , , BDB :
bdb: architecture lacks fast mutexes: applications cannot be threaded
Can't i n i t databases
bdb: :

MySQL BDB skip-bdb.
8.4.2. BDB
MySQL,
Berkley DB,
. ( MySQl-Max BDB.)
MySQL ,
BDB, configure with-berkley-db . MySQl 3.23.34
, :
shell> ./configure with-berkeley-db [-]
2.2.5, 4.1.2 2.3.
517
8.4.3. BDB
BDB mysqld:
--bdb-home=. BDB. , datadir.
bdb-lock-detect=Mero4. BDB.
DEFAULT, OLDEST, RANDOM YOUNGEST.
bdb-logdir=. BDB.
bdb-no-recover. He Berkley DB .
bdb-no-sync. He BDB.
bdb-shared-data. Berkley DB . (
DBPRIVATE Berkley DB.)
bdb-tmpdir=nyrb. BDB.
skip-bdb. He BDB.
. 4.2.1.
BDB:
bdbmaxlock. ,
BDB.
. 4.2.3.
--skip-bdb, MySQL
Berkley DB, - .
BDB.
BDB, MySQL My ISAM.
, BDB, mysqld
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bdb_max_lock , BDB.
10 000. , , mysqld , :
bdb: Lock table is out of available locks
Got error 12 from . . .
binlog_cache_size max_binlog_cache_size,
. .
4.8.4.
8.4.4. BDB
BDB .
, . . f rm , . db - .
518
8. MySQL
, BDB, ENGINE TYPE:

CREATE TABLE t (i INT) ENGINE = BDB;
CREATE TABLE t (i INT) TYPE = BDB;
ENGINE TYPE BerkleyDB BDB.
BDB . :
(
), BDB ,
.
,
, COMMIT. ROLLBACK, .
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BDB.
BDB 31 , 16 , 1024 ( MySQL 4.0
500 ).
,
BDB (PRIMARY KEY).
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. 5 ,
.
(PRIMARY KEY) , , .
,
, .
InnoDB, , .
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, MySQL
, . MylSAM
, .
, My ISAM,
BDB -,
.
,
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, My ISAM.
519
BDB ,
. , BDB
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BDB , SELECT
COUNT (*) FROM _ .
.
MySQL , BDB.
DELETE ROLLBACK, MySQL. MySQL ,
,
. , ,
.
ANALYZE TABLE OPTIMIZE TABLE.
BDB .
LOCK TABLES BDB ,
. LOCK TABLES , MySQL
(
, ). ,
, .
, BDB
. bdb-logdir.
, BDB ( , ).
BDB, MySQL , . BDB FLUSH LOGS.
, MySQL. . 4.6.1.
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, BDB , .
BDB ,
(, 28) . My ISAM ISAM, mysqld
,
.
520
8. MySQL
8.4.5.
BDB
BDB
. BDB
(, 256 ), mysqld
--no-auto-rehash. MySQL 4.O.
SHOW TABLE STATUS

BDB.
.

.
8.4.6. BDB
,
, BDB.
.db ,
. ,
, .
BDB
.
BDB
mysqldump, BDB
( .frm .db) BDB. BDB
; log.XXXXXXXXXX ( ).
, NULL, , NULL. BDB
.
8.4.7. ,
BDB
mysqld , ,
BDB :
bdb: Ignoring log file: .../log.XXXXXXXXXX:
unsupported log version #
BDB (
log.XXXXXXXXXX) mysqld.
mysqldump opt, BDB, .
BDB,
, MySQL :
8.5. ISAM
001119 23:43:56
001119 23:43:56
bdb:
bdb:
521
Missing log f i l e i d entry
txn_abort: Log undo failed for LSN:
1 3644744: Invalid
, ,
, BDB
. ( .)
8.5. ISAM
MySQL ISAM. MySQL
3.23, MylSAM,
. ISAM . MySQL 4.1 , . MySQL 5.0 .
MySQL ISAM.
ISAM ,
My ISAM, ISAM My ISAM ALTER TABLE:
mysql> ALTER TABLE _ TYPE = MYISAM;
MylSAM 8.1.
ISAM .
, . . f rm , .ISD, -
.ISM.
ISAM -.
ISAM
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ISAM :
.
.
16 16 .
256 ( ).
;
, .
MylSAM ISAM.
, :
ISAM .
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.
( ).
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MERGE.
522
8. MySQL

isamchk, myisamchk.
pack_isam, myisampack.
BACKUP TABLE
RESTORE TABLE.
CHECK TABLE, REPAIR TABLE,
OPTIMIZE
TABLE ANALYZE TABLE.
He .
.
.
9

InnoDB
9.1. InnoDB
InnoDB ( ACID)
MySQL, , , . InnoDB
SELECT
( , Oracle). . InnoDB ,
. InnoDB FOREIGN KEY. SQL
InnoDB MySQL,
.
InnoDB ,
.
.
MySQL, InnoDB
. InnoDB ,
( ). InnoDB , , My ISAM, . InnoDB , 2 .
MySQL 4.0, InnoDB . InnoDB MySQL 3.23
9.3.
InnoDB , , , . ,
, InnoDB Slashdot.org.
InnoDB 1 Mytrix, Inc.,
InnoDB ,
800 / .
524
9. InnoDB
InnoDB GNU GPL 2

( 1991 ). MySQL/InnoDB GPL, MySQL Pro :
https://order.mysql.com/?sub=pg&pg_no=l
9.2. ,
InnoDB
Innobase Oy,
InnoDB:
Web-: http://www.InnoDB.com/
: sales@InnoDB.com
: +358-9-6969 3250 ()
+358-40-5617367 ()
Innobase Oy Inc.
World Trade Center Helsinki
Aleksanterinkatu 17
P.O. Box 800
00101 Helsinki
Finland
9.3. InnoDB MySQL 3.23

MySQL 4.0, InnoDB ,
MySQL 3.23.
MySQL 3.23.34, InnoDB MySQL MySQL-Max 3.23.
Windows MySQL-Max .
MySQL, InnoDB,
MySQL. MySQL 3.23, MySQL-Max ,
mysqld MySQL-Max. MySQL MySQL-Max
. . 2.2.5 4.1.2.
MySQL InnoDB, MySQL
3.23.34 http://www.mysql.com/
MySQL with-InnoDB. . 2.3.
InnoDB MySQL 3.23, InnoDB [mysqld] my.cnf. Windows my.ini. InnoDB ,
InnoDB . ( MySQL 4.0,
, InnoDB , .
,
; 9.4.)
9.4. InnoDB
525
InnoDB
MySQL 3.23 innodb_data_file_path. ,
InnoDB
10 , [mysqld] :
[mysqld]
innodb_data_file_path=ibdata::autoextend
InnoDB ibdatal MySQL.
innodb_data_home_dir. . 9.4.
9.4. InnoDB
InnoDB MySQL 3.23 9.3.
MySQL 4.0, InnoDB . InnoDB, MySQL skip-InnoDB.
InnoDB - .
InnoDB, MySQL 4.0
10 ibdatal
5 ib_logfileO ib_logfilel
MySQL ( MySQL 4.0.0 4.0.1
64 , ). MySQL 3.23
InnoDB .
!
,
InnoDB, . , ,
.
InnoDB
innodb_data_file_path [mysqld] my.cnf. Windows
my.ini. innodb_data_file_path
.
, :
innodb_data_file_path=
__1 [; __2) . . .
,
, , ,
MySQL 4.0:
[mysqld]
innodb_data_file_path=ibdatal::autoextend
10 ibdatal. ,
MySQL.
G,
.
526
9. InnoDB
, ibdatal 50 ibdata2 50 :
[mysqld]
innodb_data_file_path=ibdatal:50;ibdata2:50M:autoextend
,
:
:_ (: autoextend (: max:__))
autoextend, ,
innodb_data_file_path. autoextend
, MySQL 3.23.50 4.0.2.
autoextend , InnoDB
, . 8 .
,
, . 9.8.
InnoDB ,
, 2 . , max. ,
ibdatal 500 :
[mysqld]
innodb_data_file_path=ibdatal:10M:autoextend:max:500M
InnoDB
MySQL. ,
innodb_data_home_dir. , ibdatal
ibdata2 /ibdata, InnoDB :
[mysqld]
innodb_data_home_dir=/ibdata
innodb_data_file_path=/ibdatal:50M;ibdata2:50M:autoextend
II !
InnoDB , , / i b d a t a . |; . mkdir Unix DOS.
InnoDB ,
innodb_data_home_dir ,
. innodb_data_home_dir
my.cnf, "" ./,
MySQL.
innodb_data_home_dir , ,
innodb_data_f ilejpath. :
9.4. InnoDB
527
[mysqld]
innodb_data_home_dir=innodb_data_file_path=
ibdata/ibdatal:50M/ibdata/ibdata2:50M:autoextend
my.cnf
, 128
. my.cnf my.ini InnoDB. ,
MySQL-Max 3.23.50 MySQL 4.0.2 ,
autoextend.
Unix Windows, .
ibdatal
ib_logfileO ib_logfilel MySQL. ,
InnoDB
ib_arch_log_0000000000:
[mysqld]
# MySQL
# ...
#
# .
#
# .
innodb_data_file_path = ibdatal:10M:autoextend
#
#
# 50 80% ,
set-variable = innodb_buffer_pool_size=70M
set-variable = innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=10M
#
#
# 25% ,
set-variable = innodb_log_file_size=20M
set-variable = innodb_log_buffer_size=8M
#
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=l
, MySQL . , ,
.
, 2 . 4 ,
- 10 .
InnoDB,
MySQL .
, . ,
Windows mysqld-max C:\mysql\bin,
:
:\> :\mysql\bin\mysqld-max
console
9. InnoDB
528
,
, , InnoDB .
9.6 , InnoDB.
Windows?
Windows :
- my. cnf . ini.
. cnf :.
my.ini WINDIR; , C:\WINDOWS
C:\WINNT. WINDIR SET :
:\> SET WINDIR
Windir=C:\WINNT
, : , my. ini.
Unix?
Unix mysqld , ,
:
/etc/my, cnf. .
_/my.cnf. .
defaults-extra-file. , defaults-extra-file.
~/.my. cnf. .
_ MySQL, configure mysqld ( /usr/local/mysql/data

/usr/local/var ).
, mysqld , --defaults-option
:
mysqld
defaults-file=Bam_nyTb_K_my_cnf
my.cnf
, , Linux,
2 60 ( /, /dr2 /dr3).

my. cnf InnoDB.
[mysqld]
# MySQL
# ...
innodb_data_home_dir =
#
#
# .
# innodb__data_file_path .
innodb_data_file_path=/ibdata/ibdatal:2000M;
9.4. InnoDB
529
/dr2/ibdata/ibdata2:2000M:autoextend
#
#
# 50 80% ;
# Linux x86 ,
# 2 .
set-variable = innodb_buffer_pool_size=lG
set-variable = innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=20M
innodb_logjgroup_home_dir = /dr3/iblogs
#
# innodb_log_arch_dir ,
# innodb_log_group_home_dir
# ( 4.0.6, ).
innodb_log_arch_dir = /dr3/iblogs
set-variable = innodb_log_files_in_group=2
#
#
# 15% ,
set-variable = innodb_log_file_size=250M
set-variable = innodb_log_buffer_size=8M
#
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=l
set-variable = innodb_lock_wait_timeout=50
#
# ,
# .
#innodb_flush_method=fdatasync
#set-variable = innodb_thread_concurrency=5
, .
InnoDB , .
,
.
. InnoDB (
), -. . 9.15.2.
% !
i;
5
,
GNU/Linux x86 .
g l i b c ,
. ,
2 :
/ innodb_buffer_pool_size
i + key_buffer
\
|; + max__connections *
(sort_buffer_size+read_buffer_size+binlog__cache__size)
y: + max_connections * 2
( 2 , MySQL AB 256 ) , , , sort_buf fer_size + read_buf fer_size.
9. InnoDB
530
MySQL 4.1, 64 32 Windows. . innodb_buf fer_pool_awe_mem_mb

9.5.
mysqld?
:
[mysqld]
skip-external-locking
set-variable = max_connections=200
set-variable = read__buffer_size=lM
set-variable = sort_buffer=lM
#
# key_buffer
# 5-50% ,
#
# MylSAM, a key_buffer_size +
# InnoDB
# 80% .
set-variable = key_buffer size=...
9.5. InnoDB
, InnoDB. MySQL 4.0
_=
. MySQL 4.0 set-va.riable=HMH_onu,HH= -0 _= .
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size. , InnoDB
. , . ,
InnoDB , MySQL .
- 1 .
innodb_buf fer_pool_awe_mem_mb. ( ),
AWE 32- Windows. ,
MySQL 4.1.0, 32- Windows.
32- Windows 4 ( Address Windowing Extentions, AWE),
InnoDB
AWE. 64000.
, innodb_buffer_pool_size
32- mysqld, InnoDB
AWE. innodb_buffer_pool_size
500 .
innodb_buf fer_pool_size. , InnoDB

. ,
.
9.5. InnoDB
531
,
80% .
,

.
innodb_data__f ile_path. .
innodb__data_home_dir , . (1 = 1024 )
G. 10 . 2 .
innodb_data_filejpath, 10 ibdatal ( MySQL 4.0 ). 3.23.44, ,
, , 4 . . . 9.15.2.
innodb_data_home_dir. InnoDB.
,
MySQL. , innodb_data__file__path
.
innodb_fast_shutdown. InnoDB . , . 1, InnoDB . , MySQL

3.23.44 4.0.1. 1 , 3.23.50.
innodb_file_to_threads. - InnoDB.
4. Windows , . Unix
. InnoDB , .
, MySQL 3.23.37.
innodb_file_per_table. , InnoDB
. ibd ( ), . .
9.7.6. , MySQL 4.1.1.
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit. 1,

, , . . , , 0 2, . ,
9. InnoDB
532
. 2, . 1 ( MySQL 4.0.13 ).
innodb_f lushjnethod. Unix. fdatasync, InnoDB fsyncO

. O_DSYNC,
InnoDB 0_SYNC ,
f sync () - . 0_DIRECT ( GNU/Linux, MySQL 4.0.14),
InnoDB , a fsyncO -
. , InnoDB f datasynk O_DSYNK , Unix . ,
MySQL 3.23.40.
innodb_force_recovery
|! !
||
||
||
lm
! 1-6 ( 9.9.1).
InnoDB , napa 0. , MySQL 3.23.44.
innodb_lock_wait_timeout. - ( ), InnoDB ,
. InnoDB
. LOCK
TABLES , InnoDB, InnoDB . -. - 50 .
innodb_log_archjdir. ,
( , ).
, innodb_log_group_home_dir. 4.0.6, .
innodb_log_archive. . MySQL
,
InnoDB . .
innodb_log_buffer_size. , InnoDB .
1-8 . 1 .
,
.
,
-.
9.5. InnoDB
533
innodb_log_file__size. .
32- 4 . 5 .
, 1 , N- . ,

, -. : .
innodb_log__f iles_in_group. .
InnoDB . 2.
innodb_log_group_home_dir. InnoDB. , innodb_log_arch_dir.

InnoDB, MySQL
5 ib__logfileO
ib_logfilel.
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct. 0 100. 90. InnoDB ,

. , 4.0.13 4.1.1.
(SUPER),
. :
SET GLOBAL innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct=3HaveHne;
innodb_mirrored_log_groups. , .
1.
innodb_open_files. ,
InnoDB . . ibd, InnoDB
. - 10. 300. , MySQL 4.1.1.
, .ibd,
InnoDB. --open-files-limit
.
innodb_thread_concurrency. InnoDB InnoDB, , .
8. , SHOW INNODB STATUS , , , ,
"" (thread thrashing).
.
,
, -
534
9. InnoDB
. , .
500 , . , MySQL 3.23.44 4.0.1.
9.6. InnoDB
, MySQL my.cnf InnoDB, MySQL, , InnoDB ,
MySQL . InnoDB , . , .
MySQL
InnoDB, mysqldsafe Windows.
mysqld.
Unix, mysqld. Windows --console.
, InnoDB
, InnoDB .
:
InnoDB: The f i r s t specified datafile /home/heikki/data/ibdatal
did not e x i s t :
InnoDB: a new database to be created!
InnoDB: Setting file /home/heikki/data/ibdatal size to 134217728
InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait...
InnoDB: datafile /home/heikki/data/ibdata2 did not exist:
new to be created
InnoDB: Setting file /home/heikki/data/ibdata2 size to 262144000
InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait...
InnoDB: Log file /home/heikki/data/logs/ib_logfileO did not exist:
new to be created
InnoDB: Setting log file /home/heikki/data/logs/ib_logfileO size to 5242880
InnoDB: Log file /home/heikki/data/logs/ib_logfilel did not exist:
new to be created
InnoDB: Setting log file /home/heikki/data/logs/ib_logfilel size to 5242880
InnoDB: Log file /home/heikki/data/logs/ib_logfile2 did not exist:
new to be created
InnoDB: Setting log file /home/heikki/data/logs/ib_logfile2 size to 5242880
InnoDB: Started
MySQLd: ready for connections
InnoDB. MySQL MySQL, mysql.
MySQL mysqladmin shutdown,
:
010321 18:33:34 mysqld: Normal shutdown
010321 18:33:34 mysqld: Shutdown Complete
InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
InnoDB: Shutdown completed
9.7. InnoDB
535
,
.
ib_arch_log_0000000000. , InnoDB . MySQL
, , :
InnoDB: Started
mysqld: ready for connections
9.6.1. , InnoDB
InnoDB , ,
:
InnoDB.
mysqld .
mysqld my.cnf my.ini , , .
.
, .
innodb_data_home_dir
innodb_data_file_path.
, InnoDB - ,
, InnoDB. ,
. - InnoDB, . f rm ( . ibd,
),
MySQL. InnoDB .
MySQL ,
.
9.7. InnoDB
, MySQL mysql t e s t .
InnoDB, SQL- ENGINE = InnoDB TYPE = InnoDB:
CREATE TABLE customers (a INT, b CHAR (20), INDEX (a)) ENGINE=InnoDB;
CREATE TABLE customers (a INT, b CHAR (20), INDEX (a)) TYPE=InnoDB;
SQL-
InnoDB, , my.cnf. ,
t e s t MySQL customers.frm.
InnoDB ' t e s t / c u s t o m e r s ' .
, customers ,
InnoDB.
536
9. InnoDB
SHOW TABLE STATUS InnoDB InnoDB.

Comment
SHOW TABLE STATUS, :
SHOW TABLE STATUS FROM t e s t LIKE ' c u s t o m e r s '
, , SHOW
InnoDB, .
SQL. ,
.
9.7.1. InnoDB
API-
, MySQL,
, SQL- . , SQL- SET AUTOCOMMIT=0 COMMIT ROLLBACK . , START
TRANSACTION COMMIT ROLLBACK. MySQL 4.0.11 START
TRANSACTION BEGIN. . , .
s h e l l > mysql t e s t
Welcome t o t h e MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection i d i s 5 t o s e r v e r v e r s i o n : 3.23.50-log
Type ' h e l p ; ' o r ' \ h ' f o r h e l p . Type ' \ c ' t o c l e a r t h e b u f f e r .
m y s q l > CREATE TABLE CUSTOMER (A I N T , CHAR ( 2 0 ) , INDEX ( A ) )
- > TYPE=InnoDB;
mysql> BEGIN;
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Query OK, 1 row a f f e c t e d ( 0 . 0 0 s e c )
mysql> COMMIT;
mysql> SET AUTOCOMMIT=0;
mysql> INSERT INTO CUSTOMER VALUES ( 1 5 , ' J o h n ' ) ;
Query OK, 1 row a f f e c t e d ( 0 . 0 0 s e c )
mysql> ROLLBACK;
mysql> SELECT * FROM CUSTOMER;
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541
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***************************
im r o w
***************************
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Database was not shut down normally.

Starting recovery from log files...
Starting log scan based on checkpoint at
log sequence number 0 13674004
Doing recovery: scanned up to log sequence
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InnoDB:
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InnoDB:
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Doing recovery: scanned up to log sequence number 0 20555264

Doing recovery: scanned up to log sequence number 0 20620800
Doing recovery: scanned up to log sequence number 0 20664 692
1 uncommitted transaction(s) which must be rolled back
Starting rollback of uncommitted transactions
Rolling back trx no 16745
Rolling back of trx no 16745 completed
Rollback of uncommitted transactions completed
Starting an apply batch of log records to the database...
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Per second averages calculated from the last 18 seconds
SEMAPHORES
OS WAIT ARRAY INFO: reservation count 413452, signal count 378357
--Thread 32782 has waited at btrOsea.c line 1477 for 0.00 seconds the
semaphore:
X-lock on RW-latch at 41a28668 created in file btrOsea.c line 135
a writer (thread id 32782) has reserved it in mode wait exclusive
number of readers 1, waiters flag 1
Last time read locked in file btrOsea.c line 731
Last time write locked in file btrOsea.c line 1347
Mutex spin waits 0, rounds 0, OS waits 0
RW-shared spins 108462, OS waits 37964; RW-excl spins 681824, OS waits 375485
LATEST FOREIGN KEY ERROR
030709 13:00:59 Transaction:
TRANSACTION 0 290328284, ACTIVE 0 sec, process no 3195, OS thread id 34831
inserting
15 lock struct (s), heap size 2496, undo log entries 9
MySQL thread id 25, query id 4668733 localhost heikki update
insert into ibtestlla (D, , ) values (5, 'khDk' ,'khDk1)
Foreign key constraint fails for table test/ibtestlla:
v
CONSTRAINT 0_219242 FOREIGN KEY f A \ D ) REFERENCES 4btestllb ( A\ D )

ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE
Trying to add in child table, in index PRIMARY tuple:
0: len 4; hex 80000101; asc
;; 1: len 4; hex 80000005; asc
;; 2: len 4;
hex 6b68446b; asc khDk;; 3: len 6; hex 0000114e0edc; asc ...N..;; 4: len 7; hex
00000000c3e0a7; asc
;; 5: len 4; hex 6b68446b; asc khDk;;
But in parent table test/ibtestllb, in index PRIMARY,
the closest match we can find is record:
RECORD: info bits 0 0: len 4; hex 8000015b; asc ...[;; 1: len 4; hex 80000005; a
sc
;; 2: len 3; hex 6b6864; asc khd;; 3: len 6; hex 0000111ef3eb; asc
;; 4: len 7; hex 800001001e0084; asc
;; 5: len 3; hex 6b6864; asc khd;;
LATEST DETECTED DEADLOCK
030709 12:59:58
*** (1) TRANSACTION:
inserting
LOCK WAIT 3 lock struct(s), heap size 320, undo log entries 146
9.12. InnoDB
565

INSERT INTO alexl VALUES(86, 86,
1
f !
794,'aA35818','bb ,'c79166\'d4766t , el87358f
l
l
,'g84586', h794',date_format( 2001-04-03 12:54:22','%Y-%m-%d %H:%i'),7
*** (1) WAITING FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED:
RECORD LOCKS space id 0 page no 48310 n bits 568 table test/alexl index symbole
trx id 0 290252780 lock mode S waiting
Record lock, heap no 324 RECORD: info bits 0 0: len 7; hex 61613335383138; asc a
a35818;; 1:
*** (2) TRANSACTION:
inserting
130 lock struct(s), heap size 11584, undo log entries 437
REPLACE INTO alexl VALUES(NULL, 32, NULL,!aa3572','','c3572','d6012t', " ,
NULL,fh396', NULL, NULL, 7.31,7.31,7.31,200)
*** (2) HOLDS THE LOCK(S):
trx id 0 290251546 lockjnode X locks rec but not gap
Record lock, heap no 324 RECORD: info bits 0 0: len 7; hex 61613335383138; asc a
a35818;; 1:
*** (2) WAITING FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED:
trx id 0 290251546 lockjnode X locks gap before rec insert intention waiting
Record lock, heap no 82 RECORD: info bits 0 0: len 7; hex 61613335373230; asc aa
35720;; 1:
*** WE ROLL BACK TRANSACTION (1)
TRANSACTIONS
Trx id counter 0 290328385
Purge done for trx's n:o < 0 290315608 undo n:o < 0 17
Total number of lock structs in row lock hash table 70
LIST OF TRANSACTIONS FOR EACH SESSION:
-TRANSACTION 0 0, not started, process no 3491, OS thread id 42002
MySQL thread id 32, query id 4668737 localhost heikki
show innodb status
TRANSACTION 0 290328384, ACTIVE 0 sec, process no 3205, OS thread id
38929 inserting
1 lock struct(s), heap size 320
insert into speedc values (1519229,1,
'hgjhjgghggjgjgjgjgjggjgjgjgjgjgggjgjgjlhh
gghggggghhjhghgggggghjhghghghghghhhhghghghj hhj ghj ghj kghj ghj ghj ghj fhj fh
28684 committing
1 lock struct(s), heap size 320, undo log entries 1
insert into speedcm values (1603393,1,
'hgjhjgghggjgjgjgjgjggjgjgjgjgjgggjgjgjlh
hgghggggghhj hghgggggghj hghghghghghhhhghghghj hhj ghj ghj kghj ghj ghj ghj fhj f
566
9. InnoDB
-TRANSACTION 0 290328327, ACTIVE 0 sec, process no 3200, OS thread id

36880 starting index read
LOCK WAIT 2 lock struct(s), heap size 320
MySQL thread id 27, query id 4668644 localhost heikki Searching rows for update
update ibtestlla set = 'kHdkkkk' where A = 89572
TRX HAS BEEN WAITING 0 SEC FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED:
RECORD LOCKS space id 0 page no 65556 n bits 232 table test/ibtestlla index PRIM
ARY trx id 0 290328327 lockjnode X waiting
Record lock, heap no 1 RECORD: info bits 0 0: len 9; hex 73757072656d756d00; asc
supremum.;;
34831 rollback of SQL statement
ROLLING BACK 14 lock struct(s), heap size 2496, undo log entries 9
insert into ibtestlla (D, , ) values (5, 'khDk' ,'khDk1)
REPLACE INTO alexl VALUES(86, 46,
538, f aa95666 f , f bb', ! c95666 f , f d9486t l , f e200498f
',fg86814\
h538',date_format('2001-04-03 12:54:22','%Y-%m-%d
%H:%i),
-TRANSACTION 0 290323325, ACTIVE 3 sec, process no 3185, OS thread id

30733 inserting
INSERT INTO alexl VALUES(NULL, 49, NULL,faa42837', " ,c56319','dl719t','',
NULL, 32, NULL, NULL, 7.31,7.31,7.31,200)
FILE I/O
I/O thread 0 state: waiting for i/o request (insert buffer thread)
I/O thread 1 state: waiting for i/o request (log thread)
I/O thread 2 state: waiting for i/o request (read thread)
I/O thread 3 state: waiting for i/o request (write thread)
Pending normal aio reads: 0, aio writes: 0,
ibuf aio reads: 0, log i/o's: 0, sync i/o's: 0
Pending flushes (fsync) log: 0; buffer pool: 0
151671 OS file reads, 94747 OS file writes, 8750 OS fsyncs
25.44 reads/s, 18494 avg bytes/read, 17.55 writes/s, 2.33 fsyncs/s
INSERT BUFFER AND ADAPTIVE HASH INDEX
Ibuf for space 0: size 1, free list len 19, seg size 21,
85004 inserts, 85004 merged recs, 26669 merges
Hash table size 207619, used cells 14461, node heap has 16 buffer (s)
1877.67 hash searches/s, 5121.10 non-hash searches/s
LOG
Log sequence number 18 1212842764
9.12. InnoDB
567
Log flushed up to 18 1212665295

Last checkpoint at 18 1135877290
0 pending log writes, 0 pending chkp writes
4341 log i/o's done, 1.22 log i/o's/second
BUFFER POOL AND MEMORY
Total memory allocated 84966343; in additional pool allocated 1402624
Buffer pool size 3200
Free buffers 110
Database pages 3074
Modified db pages 2674
Pending reads 0
Pending writes: LRU 0, flush list 0, single page 0
Pages read 171380, created 51968, written 194688
28.72 reads/s, 20.72 creates/s, 47.55 writes/s
Buffer pool hit rate 999 / 1000
ROW OPERATIONS
0 queries inside InnoDB, 0 queries in queue
Main thread process no. 3004, id 7176, state: purging
Number of rows inserted 3738558, updated 127415, deleted 33707, read 755779
1586.13 inserts/s, 50.89 updates/s, 28.44 deletes/s, 107.88 reads/s
END OF INNODB MONITOR OUTPUT
.
TRANSACTIONS ,
.
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SEMAPHORES , , , /. , ,
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, :
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1 (EPERM). .
2 (ENOENT). .
3 (ESRCH). .
4 (EINTR). .
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6 (ENXIO). .
7 (E2BIG). .
8 (ENOEXEC). .
9 (EBADF). .
10 (ECHILD). .
11 (EAGAIN). .
12 (ENOMEM). .
13 (EACCES). .
14 (EFAULT). .
15 (ENOTBLK). .
16 (EBUSY). .
17 (EEXIST). .
18 (EXDEV). .
19 (ENODEV). .
20 (ENOTDIR). .
21 (EISDIR). .
22 (EINVAL). .
23 (ENFILE). .
24 (EMFILE). .
25 (ENOTTY). i o c t l .
26 (ETXTBSY). .
27 (EFBIG). .
28 (ENOSPC). .
29 (ESPIPE). .
3 0 (EROFS). .
31 (EMLINK). .
576
9. InnoDB

Windows. Microsoft :
http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/
en-us/debug/base/system_error_codes.asp
1 (ERROR_INVALID_FUNCTION). .
2 (ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND). .
3 (ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND). .
4 (ERROR_TOO_MANY_OPEN_FILES). .
5 (ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED). .
(ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE). .
7 (ERROR_ARENA__TRASHED). .
8 (ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY). .
9 (ERROR_INVALID_BLOCK). .
10 (ERRORJBAD_ENVIRONMENT). .
11 (ERROR_BAD_FORMAT). .
12 (ERROR_INVALID_ACCESS). .
13 (ERROR_INVALID_DATA). .
14 (ERROR_OUTOFMEMORY). .
15 (ERROR_INVALID_DRIVE). .
16 (ERROR_CURRENT_DIRECTORY). .
17 (ERROR_NOT_SAME_DEVICE).
.
18 (ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES). .
19 (ERROR_WRITE_PROTECT). .
20 (ERROR_BAD_UNIT). .
21 (ERROR_NOT_READY). .
22 (ERROR_BAD_COMMAND). .
23 (ERROR_CRC). ( ).
24 (ERROR_BAD_LENGTH). .
25 (ERROR_SEEK).
.
26 (ERROR_NOT_DOS__DISK). .
27 (ERROR_SECTOR_NOT_FOUND). .
28 (ERROR_OUT_OF_PAPER). .
29 (ERROR_WRITE_FAULT). .
30 (ERRORREADFAULT) . .
9.17. InnoDB
577
31 (ERROR_GEN_FAILURE). , , .
32 (ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION). ,
.
33 (ERROR_LOCK_VIOLATION). , .
34 (ERROR_WRONG_DISK). . %2 (
: %3) % 1 .
36
(ERROR_SHARING_BUFFER_EXCEEDED). -
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112 (ERROR_DISK_FULL). .
123 (ERROR_INVALID_NAME). , .
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InnoDB: data dictionary. Have you deleted the .frm file
InnoDB: and not used DROP TABLE? Have you used DROP DATABASE
InnoDB: for InnoDB tables in MySQL version <= 3.23.43?
InnoDB: See the Restrictions section of the InnoDB manual.
InnoDB: You can drop the orphaned table inside InnoDB by
InnoDB: creating an InnoDB table with the same name in another
InnoDB: database and moving the .frm file to the current database.
InnoDB: Then MySQL thinks the table exists, and DROP TABLE will
InnoDB: succeed.
InnoDB:
InnoDB:
InnoDB:
InnoDB:
InnoDB:
InnoDB:
InnoDB:
InnoDB:
InnoDB:
InnoDB:
: test/parent
InnoDB. , .frm
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ERROR 1016: Can't open file: child2.InnoDB'. (errno: 1)

:
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InnoDB: of InnoDB though the .frm file for the table exists. Maybe you
9.18. InnoDB
581
InnoDB: have deleted and recreated InnoDB data f i l e s but have forgotten
InnoDB: to delete the corresponding .frm files of InnoDB tables?
InnoDB:
InnoDB:
InnoDB:
InnoDB:
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InnoDB, .frm
,

.
InnoDB,
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"" . frm, InnoDB. .

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MySQL MaxDB ,
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583
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MySQL Administrator) . Web MySQL .
MaxDB , MySQL. MaxDB RDO,
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584
10. MaxDB
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SQL
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585
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USER
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API-, 19; 20; 31; 68; 158; 163; 165;
268; 536; 537
G
GnuPG, 90-92
GPL, . GNU General Public
License, 18; 29; 32-34; 36; 39; 56; 141; 506;
524;582
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size, 236; 527;
529; 530
innodb_buffer_pool_awe memmb, 530
innodb_buffer_pool_size, 236; 527; 529; 530
innodb_data_file_path, 215; 236; 500; 525-528;
531; 535; 546; 572
innodb_data_home_dir, 236; 525-528; 531;
535;546;572
innodbfastshutdown, 236; 531
innodb_file_per_table, 531; 544
innodbfiletothreads, 531
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_cornrnit, 236; 527;
529; 531; 561
innodb_flush_method, 236; 529; 532; 561
innodb_force_recovery, 236; 532; 549
innodb_lock_wait_timeout, 236; 529; 532; 559
innodb_log_arch_dir, 236; 529; 532; 533
innodblogarchive, 236; 532
innodb_log_buffer_size, 236; 527; 529; 532
innodbjog_file_size, 236; 527; 529; 533
innodblogfilesingroup, 236; 529; 533
innodb_log_group_home_dir, 236; 529; 532;
533
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct, 533
innodbmirroredloggroups, 236; 533
innodbopenfiles, 533
innodbthreadconcurrency, 236; 529; 533; 567
SMP, .
, 78; 170; 172;
175; 177
-temp-pool, 161; 230
, 62
readline,32; 104; 107; 132; 190; 191; 467

regexp, 32; 45; 493
, 47; 70; 388; 432; 532;

557-560
, 15
, 345; 348
, 345
, 345; 351
, 226; 345; 347
, 100; 101; 103; 148; 345; 346; 597
ISAM, 345
, 29; 37; 38; 43; 65; 66; 68; 100; 539;

541; 542; 562

1005 (ER_CANT_CREATE_TABLE), 574
1016 (ER_CANT_OPEN_FILE), 574
1114 (ER_RECORD_FILE_FULL), 574
1205 (ER_LOCK_WAIT_TIMEOUT), 574
1213 (ER_LOCK_DEADLOCK), 574
1216 (ER_NO_REFERENCED_ROW), 574
1217 (ER_ROW_IS_REFERENCED), 574
MySQL AB
http://www.mysql.com, 15
, 29; 30
, 21; 24; 28; 31; 40
, 28
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/, 89
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, 85; 177
, 85
egcs,89; 118; 122; 178; 179; 183; 189; 190

gcc, 85-90; 118; 122; 123; 127-131; 173;
176-190; 192-196; 199; 200;451
pgcc,82; 122; 451; 452
xlC_r,87; 188
CHANGE , 59
DELAYED, 46; 59; 63; 71; 164; 172; 224;
241; 246; 262; 425; 429; 434; 489; 578
DROP INDEX, 59; 165; 559; 585
DROP , 59
IF EXISTS, 17; 25; 59
IGNORE, 44; 58; 59; 68; 72; 162; 232; 233;
411; 444; 445; 468; 549; 574; 586
LIMIT, 39; 46; 47; 59; 158; 380; 418; 420;
423; 424; 434; 440; 476; 477; 586
LOW_PRIORITY, 59; 161; 227; 429; 434
ORDER BY, 21; 46; 59; 72-74; 162; 165;
166; 250; 251; 263; 327; 340; 412; 417419; 421-423; 427; 439; 440; 451; 610
SQL_SMALL_RESULT, 59; 417
WHERE, 20; 21; 58; 61; 64; 66; 70; 74; 75;
151; 152; 157; 247; 267; 269; 307; 309;
347; 348; 362; 409-413; 416-422; 424;
427; 428; 432; 437-440; 476; 491; 512;
537; 554; 555; 557; 558; 586; 592; 593;
599; 606
MD5, 61; 90; 91; 93; 266;
301; 427
, 42
GNU General Public License, 15;

18; 32; 582
M

BDB, 23; 62; 71; 98; 126; 147-149; 155; 214;
215; 223; 228; 238; 239; 242; 252; 350;
396; 411; 430; 432-434; 498; 499; 515521
HEAP, 40; 70; 73; 246; 382; 417; 422; 429;
430; 437; 438; 453; 491; 498; 513
InnoDB, 23; 24; 29; 37; 38; 43; 62; 64; 65; 68;
72; 97; 98; 100; 103; 120; 126; 147; 156;
161; 214; 215; 223; 229; 238; 242; 243;
252; 318; 319; 350; 361; 375; 380; 381;
396; 430; 432; 433; 434; 437; 451; 490;
498;500; 518; 523-564; 567-574; 577581;598
MEMORY, 42; 246; 358; 382; 430; 437; 438;
440; 469; 479; 481; 486; 490; 494; 496;
498; 499; 513-515; 567; 576
615
MERGE, 25; 42; 72; 75; 105; 361; 381; 498;
509; 510-512; 521; 549
MylSAM, 20; 22-25; 37; 38; 40; 42; 45; 46;
59; 62; 64; 65; 68; 72; 153; 159; 160; 161;
163-165; 168; 213; 215; 218; 223-227;
229; 230; 239-241; 243; 247; 248; 250;
252; 318-322; 324; 326; 329; 330; 333338; 345; 366; 374; 375; 381; 383; 394;
396; 403; 404; 411; 416; 417; 425^31;
434; 436; 437; 440; 441; 446; 447; 453455; 457; 458; 460; 461; 463; 465; 485;
489; 491; 492; 498-505; 507-512; 517519; 521; 523; 530; 537; 543-545; 550;
577-579; 598; 607
InnoDB, 563; 579
H
, 63
bash, 112; 185; 186; 203; 210; 389

Bourne, 17; 210
sh, 16; 126; 145; 146; 185; 186; 191; 203; 210;
601
tcsh, 17; 112; 203; 210; 601
zsh,210
ALTER TABLE, 24; 45; 46; 59; 71; 75; 105;

156; 159; 163-165; 246; 248; 279; 324;
331; 361; 414; 426; 427; 457; 458; 489;
499; 501; 504; 510-512; 521; 537; 539541; 543; 545; 549; 559; 573; 578; 581;
598;607-610
ANALYZE TABLE, 59; 71; 72; 321; 324;
381; 408; 411; 415; 416; 424; 485; 512;
519; 522;587
CHECK TABLE, 55; 59; 113; 164; 165; 229;
321; 322; 330; 333; 485; 507; 508; 522;
548; 580; 585; 595
CREATE DATABASE, 59; 389; 390; 490; 585
CREATE TABLE, 24; 25; 40; 45; 53; 59; 61;
65; 71; 105; 155; 156; 230; 233; 240; 246;
247; 279; 280; 331; 381; 425; 437; 458;
487; 488; 490; 491; 495; 498-500; 502;
509; 513; 514; 518; 535; 536; 539-542;
558; 559; 563; 578; 580; 581
AVG_ROW_LENGTH, 24; 96; 331; 598
MAX_ROWS, 24; 96; 246; 247; 331; 514;
598
DROP DATABASE, 59; 105; 162; 164; 267;
361; 389; 390; 559; 569; 580
EXPLAIN, 21; 52; 53; 59; 408; 409; 411; 413416; 418-420; 422-424; 427; 560; 585
616
EXPLAIN SELECT, 52; 53; 59; 408; 413;
423; 560
FLUSH, 53; 59; 71; 75; 105; 151; 152; 229;
246; 252; 262; 269; 271; 277; 289; 294;
304; 306-309; 318; 320; 322; 345-348;
352; 364; 371; 374; 375; 379; 381; 393395; 425; 426; 447; 454; 455; 492; 493;
508; 510; 512; 519; 592; 593; 606
GRANT, 139; 140; 152; 160; 165; 221; 228;
266; 270; 271; 273; 277-280; 282; 283;
286; 288; 289; 292; 296; 298-300; 302310; 317; 374; 381; 407
LOAD DATA INFILE, 44; 47; 59; 72; 105;
106; 224; 231; 239; 244; 248; 253; 273;
279; 294; 319; 320; 373; 384; 391; 425;
426; 429; 461; 468; 481-483; 489; 493;
494; 514; 609; 610
LOCK TABLES, 63; 64; 243; 278; 280; 318;
426; 432-434; 448; 491; 492; 508; 519;
532;558-560; 579
OPTIMIZE TABLE, 59; 71; 72; 164; 321;
324; 333; 334; 381; 427; 429; 485; 505;
506; 512; 519; 522; 609
RENAME DATABASE, 43
RENAME TABLE', 42; 59; 512; 542; 545; 559
REPAIR TABLE, 55; 59; 71; 72; 113; 157;
162; 163; 229; 241; 242; 248; 319; 321;
324; 330; 333; 381; 457; 485; 507; 508;
512; 522; 609
REPLACE, 21; 44; 59; 70; 72; 227; 320; 404;
512; 558; 565;566; 587
RESET, 17; 59; 349; 364; 385; 398; 399
SHOW INDEX, 162; 411; 416
SHOW MASTER STATUS, 161; 280; 375;
376; 379; 393; 395; 399; 401
SHOW OPEN TABLES, 162
SHOW SLAVE STATUS, 162; 280; 369; 372;
391; 394; 399; 401
UNLOCK TABLES, 63; 320; 375; 393; 395;
426; 432; 448; 559; 560

AIX, 77; 86;87;90;188-190; 214; 516
Amiga, 77
BSDI,77;90; 185; 186
FreeBSD, 77; 88; 89; 130; 131; 145; 183; 184;
248; 516
HP-UX, 77; 87; 187; 188; 214
Linux, 24; 77; 78; 81; 85; 86; 89; 91; 92; 94;
107; 109; 122; 127; 131; 133; 135; 138;
145; 161; 170-174; 176-178; 184; 197;
199; 213; 214; 216; 218; 225; 228; 230;
268; 290; 293; 351; 360; 405; 448; 451;
452; 456; 457; 483; 516; 528; 529; 532;
561; 575; 591; 594; 597

Mac OS, 77; 81; 88; 109-111; 114; 117; 138;
144; 179; 214; 218; 245;516
NetBSD,77;185
Novell NetWare, 77; 112
OpenBSD, 77; 185
OS/2 Warp, 77; 196
SCO OpenServer, 77; 194; 516
SCO UnixWare, 78; 196; 516
SGI Irix, 78; 89; 193
Solaris, 24; 77; 78; 86; 127; 130-132; 179183; 214; 218; 224; 227; 252; 448; 452;
454; 457; 516; 594
SunOS, 78; 89; 131; 190
Tru64Unix,78
UNIX, 16; 21; 22; 38; 77; 141; 144; 194; 358;
359; 361; 384; 461; 611; 613
Windows, 15; 16; 21; 22; 38; 49; 51; 52; 55;
56; 78; 91; 93;95-99; 101-107; 133-138;
144; 148-154; 156; 159; 167; 168; 197;
198; 203; 206; 208-210; 213; 214;224;
225; 229; 230; 241; 245; 248; 251; 253;
272; 281; 282; 290; 293; 302; 311; 318;
327; 346; 347; 352-355; 357; 359; 374;
423; 431; 457; 459; 473; 483; 490; 512;
524; 525; 527; 528; 530; 531; 534; 550;
561; 563; 572; 576; 577; 579; 583; 590;
591; 598; 600; 603-605; 609; 613
-analyze, 327; 333; 411; 416; 485; 502

~ansi,57;223;238
AVG_ROW_LENGTH, 24; 96; 331; 598
-backup, 325; 462
-basedir, 216; 224; 354
-big-tables, 224; 453; 598
bind-address, 224
bulk_insert_buffer_size, 161; 235; 239; 257;
425; 503
-character-sets-dir, 224; 325; 341; 345; 468;
479; 485; 496
-character-sets-dir, 224; 325; 468; 479; 485; 496
-check, 93; 325; 485; 486; 493
check-only-changed, 325; 486
-chroot, 224
-config-file, 220
-console, 100; 101; 224; 346; 527; 534; 563;
579
-core-file, 176; 216; 224
core-file-size, 216
correct-checksum, 325
-datadir,216;224;353;358
-data-file-length, 325
-debug, 101; 136; 149; 224; 295; 323; 462;
468; 479; 486; 489; 493; 494; 496

-default-character-set, 224; 340; 380; 468;
486; 489; 496
-default-collation, 224; 340
-defaults-extra-file, 207; 209; 216
-defaults-file, 209; 216; 359
-default-storage-engine, 224
-default-table-type, 224; 252
-delay-key-write, 224; 225; 229; 395; 502;
503; 606
-delay-key-write-for-all-tables, 225
-description, 327; 416
-des-key-file, 225
-enable-locking, 161; 225
-enable-named-pipe, 225; 590
-err-log, 216
-example, 220
-exit-info, 225
-extend-check, 323; 325
-external-locking, 132; 161; 225; 241; 503
-fast, 322; 325; 334; 486; 502
-flush, 225; 241; 489; 493; 606
-force, 171; 322; 325; 326; 462; 468; 479;
481; 486; 489; 494; 607
-help, 16; 22; 101; 119; 121; 136; 140; 141;
147; 168; 203; 204; 207; 212; 220; 223;
277; 321-323; 406; 450; 451; 461; 462;
468; 479; 481; 483; 485; 487; 488; 493;
494; 496
-information, 325
-init-file, 225; 243; 514; 515
-keys-used, 326; 425; 426
-language, 225; 341
--ledir, 217
-log, 72; 74; 141; 161; 216; 217; 220; 224;
226; 227; 239; 245; 319; 346-349; 351353; 376; 377; 382; 386; 398; 399; 401;
595; 597; 607
-log-bin, 72; 226; 239; 319; 346; 348; 349;
352; 353; 376; 398; 399; 401
-log-bin-index, 226; 349
-log-error, 161; 216; 217; 224; 226; 346; 353
-log-isam, 226; 353
log-long-format, 226; 351
-log-queries-not-using-indexes, 226
-log-short-format, 226
-log-slave-updates, 382; 386; 398; 401
-log-slow-queries, 226; 245; 351; 352
-log-update, 226; 347; 352; 353
log-warnings, 161; 227
-log-warnings, 227; 377; 386; 597
-low-priority-updates, 227; 395; 434
-master-connect-retry, 367; 370; 383; 384;
386;391
617
-master-host, 384; 386
-master-info-file, 386
master-password, 384; 386
-master-port, 384; 386
-master-ssl, 384; 386; 387
-master-ssl-ca, 384; 386
-master-ssl-capath, 384; 386
master-ssl-cert, 384; 386
-master-ssl-cipher, 384; 386
-master-ssl-key, 384; 387
-master-user, 384; 387
MAX_ROWS, 24; 96; 246; 247; 331; 514; 598
-max-relay-log-size, 387; 388
-medium-check, 325; 486
-memlock, 227; 244
-myisam-recover, 227; 241; 248; 334; 430;
502; 503
mysqladmin, 220
-mysqld,217;220
-mysqld-version, 217
-new, 155; 157; 208; 228
-nice, 217
-no-defaults, 209; 217; 291
-no-log, 220
no-symlinks, 326
-old-passwords, 159; 298-300
-old-protocol, 166; 228; 599
-one-thread, 228
-open-files-limit, 184; 185; 217; 228; 446;
533;601
-pager, 469; 472
-parallel-recover, 326
-password, 220; 281; 295; 310
-pid-file, 217; 221; 228; 249; 353
-port, 149; 209; 217; 228; 249; 290; 352; 354;
355; 358; 359; 469; 479; 481; 484; 486;
490; 493; 494; 496; 590
-print-defaults, 154; 209
query_cache_type, 161; 237; 249; 259; 264;
362;363;562
-quick, 169; 207; 326; 328; 329; 467; 469;
486; 487; 490; 594
read_buffer_size, 161; 237; 250; 259; 323;
449; 450; 451; 529; 530
read_rnd_buffer_size, 161; 237; 250; 259;
422; 423; 449; 451; 453
-read-only, 325; 387
-recover, 323; 324; 326; 328; 508
-relay-log, 371; 387; 391
-relay-log-index, 387
-relay-log-info-file, 387
relay-log-purge, 387
relay-log-space-limit, 387
618
-replicate-do-db, 388; 392
--replicate-do-table, 388; 392; 393
-replicate-ignore-db, 388; 389; 392
--replicate-ignore-table, 389; 392
--replicate-rewrite-db, 390
-replicate-wild-do-table, 388; 389; 392; 393
-replicate-wild-ignore-table, 389; 390; 392
-report-host, 390
-report-port, 390
-safe-mode, 228
-safe-recover, 323; 326; 328; 332
-safe-show-database, 160; 228; 271
-safe-user-create, 228; 271
-secure-auth, 228; 250; 271
-set-auto-increment, 327
-set-character-set, 124; 153; 326; 340
-silent, 136; 322; 323; 329; 333; 334; 463;
470; 480; 486; 495; 607
-skip-bdb, 215; 228; 238; 242; 395; 516; 517
skip-concurrent-insert, 229
skip-delay-key-write, 229
-skip-external-locking, 113; 161; 227; 229;
323; 325; 328; 329; 448; 462; 463; 503;
606;607
-skip-grant-tables, 140; 229; 271; 291; 295;
604; 605
-skip-host-cache, 229; 293; 455
-skip-innodb, 161; 215; 229; 242; 395
skip-isam, 229; 242
-skip-locking, 161; 229
-skip-name-resolve, 104; 184; 229; 271; 293;
455
skip-networking, 229; 271; 455
-skip-new, 229; 240
-skip-safemalloc, 230; 452
-skip-show-database, 230; 271; 280
-skip-slave-start, 377; 390
-skip-stack-trace, 230
-skip-symbolic-links, 229; 458
-skip-thread-priority, 186; 230
slave_compressed_protocol, 390
-slave-load-tmpdir, 319; 373; 391
slave-net-timeout, 391
-slave-skip-errors, 383; 391
-socket, 104; 209; 217; 230; 352; 354; 358;
359; 470; 480; 481; 484; 487; 491; 493;
495; 496; 590; 591; 610; 611
sort_buffer_size, 161; 234; 237; 251; 254;
259; 264; 323; 324; 332; 334; 422; 423;
450; 451; 529
-sort-index, 327; 333; 334; 416; 467
-sort-records, 327; 333; 416
-sort-recover, 324; 326; 328

-sql-mode, 57; 58; 158; 162; 223; 230; 232; 238
-symbolic-links, 229
~tcp-ip, 220
-temp-pool, 161; 230
timezone, 217
"tmpdir, 230; 327; 328; 353; 493; 598; 609
-transaction-isolation, 58; 158; 230; 552
-unpack, 327; 467
-update-state, 322; 325; 331; 502; 508
-user, 106; 115-117; 119-121; 139-141; 144;
146; 171; 182; 185; 203; 217; 220; 221;
224; 231; 269; 281; 302-305; 468; 470;
480; 481; 484; 487; 491; 493; 495; 496;
601; 603
-verbose, 147; 205; 223; 323; 327; 330; 416;
449; 451; 463; 470; 478; 480; 487; 491;
495; 496
-version, 205; 220; 231; 323; 463; 470; 480;
481; 484; 487; 491; 495; 497
-wait, 323; 463; 470; 480
-with-berkleydb, 82
-with-debug, 82; 90; 124; 131; 189; 224; 230;
452; 479; 607
-with-innodb, 82; 85-89; 194; 214
-with-libwrap, 82; 194
-with-names-z-libs, 82
without-innodb, 161
-with-raid, 82
RPM, 90; 107; 108; 109; 145; 203; 213;

218; 219
autocommit, 257
backjog, 182; 235; 238; 449
basedir, 98; 134; 146; 147; 235; 238; 354;
356;357
bdb_cache_size, 235; 238; 449
bdbjiome, 235; 238
bdb_log_buffer_size, 235; 238
bdbjogdir, 235; 238
bdb_max_lock, 235; 238; 239; 517
bdb_shared_data, 235; 239
bdbjmpdir, 235; 239
bdb_version, 235; 239
bigjables, 257; 259
binlog_cache_size, 235; 239; 245; 257; 262;
350; 351; 449; 517; 529
bulk_insert_buffer_size, 161; 235; 239; 257;
425; 503
character_set, 235; 239; 240; 257
character_sets, 235; 240
concurrent_insert, 235; 240; 257

connecttimeout, 209; 235; 240; 257; 449;
470;480; 484; 597
convert_character_set, 235; 257
datadir, 97; 98; 134; 140; 146; 147; 207; 218;
222; 235; 238; 240; 355; 358; 517
default_week_format, 235; 240; 257
delay_key_write, 235; 240; 257
delayed_insert_limit, 235; 241; 257; 449
delayed_insert_timeout, 235; 241; 257; 449
delayed_queue_size, 235; 241; 257; 449
flush, 71; 140; 229; 235; 241; 257; 271; 277;
279; 289; 293-295; 304; 328; 329; 345;
347; 348; 350; 352; 425; 447; 449; 454;
455; 467; 478; 479; 510; 567; 593; 605
flushjime, 235; 241; 257; 449
ft_boolean_syntax, 235; 241; 258
ft_max_word_len, 235; 241; 323; 324
ft_min_word_len, 235; 242; 323; 324
ft_query_expansion_limit, 235; 242
ft_stopword_fiie, 235; 242; 324
have_bdb,215;235;242
have_innodb,215;235;242
have_isam,215;236;242
have_openssl, 215; 236; 242; 313
have_query_cache, 215; 236; 362; 364
have_raid,215;236;242
have_symlink, 215; 236; 457
init_file, 236; 243
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size, 236;
527; 529; 530
innodb_buffer_pool_size, 236; 527; 529; 530
innodb_data_file_path, 215; 236; 500; 525528;531;535;546; 572
innodb_data_home_dir, 236; 525-528; 531;
535; 546;572
innodb_fast_shutdown, 236; 531
mnodb_file_io_threads, 236
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit, 236; 527;
529;531; 561
innodb_flush_method, 236; 529; 532; 561
innodb_force_recovery, 236; 532; 549
innodbjock_wait_timeout, 236; 529; 532;
559
innodb_log_arch_dir, 236; 529; 532; 533
innodb_log_archive, 236; 532
innodb_log_buffer_size, 236; 527; 529; 532
innodb_log_file_size, 236; 527; 529; 533
innodb_log_files_in_group, 236; 529; 533
innodb_log_group_home_dir, 236; 529; 532;
533
innodb_mirrored_log_groups, 236; 533
innodb_thread_concurrency, 236; 529; 533;
567
interactive_timeout, 236; 243; 253; 258; 449;
597
join_buffer_size, 236; 243; 449
619
key_buffer_size, 72; 166; 208; 231; 234;
236; 243; 244; 255-258; 263; 323-326;
332; 416; 426; 441; 443; 445; 449-451;
453; 530
key__cache__age_threshold, 236; 244; 255;
444
key_cache_block_size, 236; 244; 255; 256;
445
key_cache_division_limit, 236; 244; 255;
444
language, 222; 236; 244
large_files_support, 236
locaUnfiie, 236; 244; 258
locked_in_memory, 236; 244
log, 47; 71; 74; 100; 120; 129; 141; 148; 155;
161; 182; 226; 227; 236; 238; 244-247;
258; 259; 293; 319; 346; 347; 351; 352;
368; 370-373; 375-377; 386-388; 398;
415; 425; 473; 493; 513; 520; 521; 527;
534-536; 548; 564-567; 589
log_bin, 236; 244; 259
log_slave_updates, 236; 244
log_slow_queries, 236; 245
log_update, 236; 245; 259
log_warnings, 236; 258
long_query_time, 45; 226; 236; 245; 258;
264; 345;351;449; 479
low_priority_updates, 236; 245; 258; 259
lower_case_table_names, 55; 236; 245; 449;
541;550
max_allowed_packet, 208; 210; 211; 236;
245; 248; 258; 449; 453; 470; 484; 491;
492;595;596;597
max_binlog_cache_size, 236; 245; 258; 351;
449; 517
max_binlog_size, 236; 246; 258; 348; 372
max_connect_errors, 236; 246; 258; 449;
593;594
max_connections, 174; 228; 236; 246; 258;
274; 307; 446; 449; 529; 530; 594; 601
max_delayed_threads, 236; 246; 258; 449
maxerrorcount, 237; 246; 258
max_heap_table_size, 237; 246; 258; 449
maxjoin_size, 237; 246; 247; 258; 259; 413;
449; 470; 477; 484
max_relay_log_size, 237; 246; 247; 258;
372;387
max_sort_length, 73; 237; 247; 258; 449
maxjmpjables, 237; 247; 258; 446; 449
max_user_connections, 237; 247; 258; 270;
307
max_write_lock_count, 237; 247; 258; 434;
449
myisam_max_extra_sort_file_size, 161; 237;
248; 258; 503
myisam_max_sort_file_size, 237; 248; 258;
503
620

myisam_recover_options, 237; 248
myisam_repair_threads, 237; 248; 258
myisam_sort_buffer_size, 237; 248; 258;
449; 503
net_buffer_length, 237; 245; 248; 258; 449;
451; 453; 470; 484; 492
net_read_timeout, 237; 248; 258; 449
net_retry_count, 237; 248; 258; 449
net_write_timeout, 237; 249; 258; 449
openjilesjimit, 237; 249; 481; 601
pid_file, 237; 249
port, 100; 126; 141; 143; 146; 149; 208; 222;
237; 249; 268; 318; 354-359; 385; 592
protocol_version, 237; 249
query_cache_limit, 237; 249; 259; 363
query_cache_size, 231; 235; 237; 249; 259;
360; 362; 562
query_cache_type, 161; 237; 249; 259; 264;
362;363; 562
read_buffer_size, 161; 237; 250; 259; 323;
449-451; 529; 530
read_md_buffer_size, 161; 237; 250; 259;
422; 423; 449; 451; 453
rpl_recovery_rank, 237; 259
serverjd, 237; 251; 259; 376; 377
skip_external_locking, 237; 251
skip_networking, 237; 251
skip_show_database, 237; 250; 251
slavejiettimeout, 237; 248; 251; 259; 383
slowjaunchjime, 237; 251; 259; 264; 449
socket, 100; 122; 126; 141; 143; 146; 149;
186; 208; 222; 237; 251; 290; 354-359;
590; 591; 610; 611
sort_buffer_size, 161; 234; 237; 251; 254;
259; 264; 323; 324; 332; 334;422; 423;
450;451;529
sql_mode, 57; 58; 158; 232; 237; 252; 379;
380; 381
table_cache, 228; 237; 252; 259; 263; 446;
447; 449; 450; 451; 601
tablejype, 237; 252; 259; 380; 499
thread_cache_size, 237; 252; 259; 265; 427
thread_stack, 176; 237; 252; 449; 453
timezone, 237; 252; 611
tmp_table_size, 237; 252; 259; 262; 449;
453; 514; 598
tmpdir, 230; 237; 239; 252; 253; 319; 327;
353; 373; 391; 423; 517; 599
tx_isolation, 237; 253; 260; 552
version, 52; 54; 103; 132; 141; 182; 195;
216; 217; 237; 253; 272; 291;335;337;
369; 463; 465; 478; 520; 536; 580; 590;
591; 595; 606; 611
waitjimeout, 184; 237; 243; 253; 260; 449;
595;597
warning_count, 260
Aborted_clients, 260; 261; 597

Abortedconnects, 260; 261
Bytes_received, 260; 262
Bytes_sent, 260; 262
Connections, 252; 260; 262; 265; 426
Created_tmp_disk_tables, 260; 262
Createdjmp_files, 260; 262
Created_tmp_tables, 260; 262
Delayed_errors, 260; 262
Delayedinsertthreads, 260; 262
Delayedwrites, 260; 262
Flushcommands, 260; 262
Handler_delete, 260; 262
Handler_read_first, 260; 262
Handler_read_key, 260; 262
Handler_read_next, 260; 263
Handler_read_prev, 260; 263
Handlerreadrnd, 260; 263
Handler_read__rnd_next, 260; 263
Handlerupdate, 260; 263
Handlerwrite, 260; 263
Key_blocks_used, 244; 260; 263
Key_read_requests, 243; 260; 263
Key_reads,243;261;263
Key_write_requests, 243; 261; 263
Key_writes,243;261;263
Max_used_connections, 261; 263
Not_flushed_delayed_rows, 261; 263
Not_flushed_key_blocks, 261; 263
Open_files,261;263
Open_streams, 261; 263
Open_tables,261;263
Openedjables, 252; 261; 263; 447
Qcachejree_blocks, 261; 263; 363; 364
Qcachejfree_memory, 261; 264; 364
Qcachejiits, 261; 264; 361; 364
Qcachejnserts, 261; 264; 364
Qcache_lowmem_prunes, 261; 264; 363; 364
Qcache_not_cached, 261; 264; 364
Qcache_queries_in_cache, 261; 264; 364
Qcachejotal_blocks, 261; 264; 363; 364
Questions, 141; 261; 264; 446; 478; 479
Select_fulljoin,261;264
Select_full_rangejoin, 261; 264
Select_range, 261; 264
Select_range_check, 261; 264
Select_scan, 261; 264
Slave_open_temp_tables, 261; 264
Slave_running, 261; 264
Slowjaunchjhreads, 261; 264
Slow_queries, 245; 261; 264
Sort_merge_passes, 261; 264
Sort_range, 261; 264
Sort_rows,261;265
Sort_scan, 261
Table_locks_immediate, 261; 265; 431
621

Table_locks_waited, 261; 265; 431
Threads_cached, 261; 265
Threads_connected, 261; 265
Threads_created, 252; 261; 265
Threads_running, 261; 265
Uptime, 141; 261; 265; 446; 478
, 39; 61; 66; 410
, 23
MIT-pthreads, 47; 73; 127; 131; 132; 149;
179; 183; 184; 190; 271; 292; 448; 452; 591
, 37; 43; 66
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES, 160

EXECUTE, 160; 278
FILE, 160
LOCK TABLES, 160
REPLICATION CLIENT, 160; 278; 280
REPLICATION SLAVE, 160; 278; 280; 374;
387
SHOW DATABASES, 160; 177; 228; 230;
250; 251; 271; 278; 280
SUPER, 160; 234; 250; 253; 255; 270; 278280; 350; 373; 374; 387; 533; 552; 594
mysql, 15-18; 21; 25; 26; 28-34; 36; 37; 39;

41-46; 48; 50; 51; 53-56; 58; 60; 61; 64;
67; 68; 71; 72; 74; 80; 81; 83-123; 125127; 131-146; 148-155; 157-160; 163;
165-169; 171-173; 175; 177; 178; 179189; 191-203; 205-211; 213-215; 217219; 221-223; 228; 230; 232; 234-237;
243; 253; 254; 256; 257; 260; 266-273;
277-283; 286; 290-300; 302-310; 312;
313; 317; 320; 332; 340; 341; 345-347;
350-352; 354-358; 360-364; 368; 374;
375; 377; 379; 381; 386; 393; 395; 400;
401; 404; 406; 407; 414; 415; 420; 431;
432; 439; 442-445; 447; 449; 450; 459461; 467-469; 471-477; 482; 483; 487;
492; 495; 509; 510; 513; 521; 524; 527;
528; 534-537; 541; 542; 547; 563; 564;
577; 579; 584; 589; 59(-594; 596; 597;
599; 601-607; 610-612
mysqladmin, 16; 46; 52-54; 74; 96; 101-103;
105-107; 110; 112; 113; 132; 139-141;
145; 148; 151; 152; 167; 169; 186; 190;
193; 202; 203; 206; 220; 222; 229; 270;
271; 277; 279; 287; 289; 291-293; 295;
304; 308-310; 328; 329; 331; 345; 347;
348; 350; 352; 355; 358; 371; 375; 382;
425; 446; 447; 450; 454; 455; 460; 467;
477-479; 510; 534; 589-593; 595; 603;
605-609; 611
mysqlc, 104
mysqlcc, 127; 202; 206; 460; 483
mysqlcheck, 22; 202; 206; 321; 460; 485
mysqld, 38; 43; 46; 47; 53; 54; 55;^57; 71; 74;
82; 85; 86; 89; 93; 94; 96; 98-104; 06;
109-111; 113-123; 129-132; 134; 135;
140; 141; 143-149; 153-155; 158; 160167; 170-178; 180-186; 190-193; 195;
197; 202; 206-208; 212- 232; 234; 238240; 242-244; 246; 249; 251-253; 256;
262; 269-272; 277; 289; 291-293; 295;
312; 316; 319; 322-325; 328; 329; 331;
334; 341; 345-352; 354-360; 362; 376;
385; 390; 424; 434; 446; 447; 449-455;
458; 459; 462; 463; 467; 479; 483; 485;
491; 502; 503; 507; 508; 516; 517; 519;
520; 524-528; 530; 534; 535; 537; 544;
545; 547-550; 552; 562; 563; 572; 579;
589-601; 603-611; 613
--ansi, 57; 223; 238
-sql-mode, 57; 58; 158; 162; 223; 230; 232;
238
mysqldhow, 107
mysqld-max, 82; 96; 98; 99; 212; 213; 216;
217; 225; 354; 355; 459; 527
mysqld-max-nt, 98; 99; 225; 355; 459
mysqld-nt, 98; 99; 106; 225; 355-357; 604
mysqld-opt, 98; 99
mysqldump, 53; 54; 65; 66; 107; 153; 155157; 160; 164; 168; 169; 202; 203; 206;
208; 232; 295; 319; 376; 377; 393; 458;
461; 487; 488; 490-492; 520; 542; 546;
547; 551; 562; 573; 584
mysqlhotcopy, 202; 206; 209; 319; 461; 487;
492; 493
mysqlimport, 169; 202; 206; 272; 461; 493495;584
mysqlshow, 103; 137; 141; 202; 203; 206;
461; 495; 496; 599
WinMySQLAdmin, 96; 98; 167
-, 43; 242; 249
ANSI, 18; 47; 56-58; 61; 87; 118; 188; 232;

233; 420; 490
ANSI_QUOTES, 58; 232; 233; 490
DB2, 233; 404; 406; 582
IGNORE_SPACE, 58; 232; 233; 468
MAXDB, 233
MSSQL, 233
MYSQL323, 233
MYSQL40, 233
622
NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO, 232
NO_DIR_IN_CREATE, 233; 381
NO_FIELD_OPTIONS, 233
NO_KEY_OPTIONS, 233
NO_TABLE_OPTIONS, 233
NO_UNSIGNED_SUBTRACTION, 233
ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY, 58; 233
ORACLE, 233
PIPES_AS_CONCAT, 58; 233
POSTGRESQL, 233
REAL_AS_FLOAT, 58; 233
, 23; 40; 71; 365; 366; 380; 395;
396; 543;584
--log-slave-updates, 382; 386; 398; 401
--log-warnings, 227; 377; 386; 597
master-connect-retry, 367; 370; 383; 384;
386;391
-master-host, 384; 386
master-info-file, 386
-master-password, 384; 386
-master-port, 384; 386
-master-ssl, 384; 386; 387
master-ssl-ca, 384; 386
-master-ssl-capath, 384; 386
master-ssl-cert, 384; 386
-master-ssl-cipher, 384; 386

-master-ssl-key, 384; 387
-master-user, 384; 387
max-relay-log-size, 387; 388
-read-only, 325; 387
-relay-log, 371; 387; 391
-relay-log-index, 387
relay-log-info-file, 387
-relay-log-purge, 387
-relay-log-space-limit, 387
-replicate-do-db, 388; 392
~replicate-do-table, 388; 392; 393
-replicate-ignore-db, 388; 389; 392
-replicate-ignore-table, 389; 392
replicate-rewrite-db, 390
-replicate-wild-do-table, 388; 389; 392; 393
-replicate-wild-ignore-table, 389; 390; 392
-report-host, 390
-report-port, 390
-skip-slave-start, 377; 390
slave_compressed_protocol, 390
-slave-load-tmpdir, 319; 373; 391
slave-net-timeout, 391
-slave-skip-errors, 383; 391
BitKeeper, 39; 41; 42; 79; 80; 82;
83; 124; 125; 127; 133; 135; 136
, 46; 47; 78; 104; 172; 370; 371; 455;

516; 533; 567
, 18
, 39; 223

, 78; 170
, 18
MySQL, 48
anounce, 48
benchmarks, 49; 175; 404; 406
benchmarks-digest, 49
bugs, 48; 50; 51; 53; 54; 84; 126; 213; 401
bugs-digest, 48
gui-tools, 49
gui-tools-digest, 49
internals, 48; 90; 127; 172; 343
internals-digest, 48
Java, 49
java-digest, 49
msql-mysql-modules, 50
msql-mysql-modules-digest, 50
myodbc, 49
myodbc-digest, 49
mysql, 48
mysql-digest, 48
mysqldoc, 49; 127
mysqldoc-digest, 49
packagers, 49
packagers-digest, 49
plusplus, 49; 50
plusplus-digest, 50
Win32, 49; 133
win32-digest, 49
SQL
1999, 18;56
2003, 18; 42; 56
SQL-92, 18; 56
, .
, 18; 19; 28; 29; 31; 33; 35; 36; 39;
47; 49; 56; 60; 62; 63; 67; 68; 79; 81; 150;
231; 403; 404; 407
bin/mysqlbug, 85
Build-tools/Do-compile, 85
configure, 46; 54; 85-90; 118; 119; 121-124;
126-131; 161; 164; 173; 176-196; 312;
340; 342; 343; 358; 360; 386; 452; 516;
528; 600; 607; 611; 612
623

mysql.server, 116; 120; 144-146; 173; 181;
202; 206; 213; 218; 219; 223; 270; 346;
611
mysql_fix_privilege_tables, 154; 158; 159;
165; 168; 213; 290; 297; 298
mysql_install_db, 94; ; 115; 116; 118; 120;
138; 139; 140; 142-144; 149; 171; 184;
191; 202; 213; 290; 304; 358; 577
mysql_multi, 202; 213; 219; 220-222; 359
mysqlaccess, 54; 117; 277; 289; 295; 460
mysqld_safe, 47; 74; 110; 111; 114; 115; 117;
119; 121; 140; 141; 144-147; 153; 160;
161; 174-176; 184; 185; 190; 191; 195;
202; 206; 213; 215-218; 220-224; 228;
252; 270; 334; 346; 354; 358; 359; 450;
451; 534; 579; 593; 596; 601; 604; 605;
610; 611
scripts/make_binary_distribution, 85; 95
BIT, 43; 61
DATE, 20; 25; 45; 46; 69; 157; 165; 166; 361;
585;587
DATETIME, 20; 25; 44; 46; 69; 157; 158; 166
SET, 20; 44; 46; 57-60; 64; 67; 69; 73-75;
124; 150-152; 155; 156; 158; 161; 196;
210; 227; 231; 232; 234; 235; 242; 243;
253; 254; 256; 257; 269; 270; 276; 289;
291; 292; 296; 298-300; 304; 305; 309;
332; 349; 350; 363; 387-389; 400; 424;
428; 432; 434; 443; 445; 476; 477; 518;
528; 533;536;537; 539-543; 551; 552;
555; 556; 559; 561; 562; 592; 593; 599;
606
TIMESTAMP, 20; 25; 26; 44; 46; 157; 166;
228; 361; 380; 384; 394; 587; 611
TINYINT,43;466;507;585
, 37; 65
, 551; 552
READ COMMITTED, 230; 237; 552
READ UNCOMMITTED, 230; 552
REPEATABLE READ, 230; 552
SERIALIZABLE, 58; 158; 230; 552; 553; 557
gunzip, 114-119; 169; 198

myisamchk, 22; 24; 55; 113; 124; 153; 157;
163; 165; 203; 206; 213; 229; 319-340;
345; 411; 416; 425; 426; 430; 448; 458;
463; 465; 467; 485; 493; 500-502; SOSSOS; 522;598; 607
myisampack, 24; 45; 203; 206; 327; 339; 425;
460-464; 466; 467; 500; 504; 506; 509;
510; 522
mysqlaccess, 54; 117; 277; 289; 295; 460
mysqlbinlog, 72; 106; 203; 206; 320; 350;
371; 401; 460;480-483;547
mysqlhotcopy, 202; 206; 209; 319; 461; 487;
492; 493
perror, 203; 330; 461; 497; 575; 599-601
replace, 67; 193; 313; 316; 396; 461; 494; 495;
497
tar, 54; 81; 85; 91; 92; 94; 109; 110; 114-119;
131; 136; 171; 178; 179; 194; 195; 198;
354; 374; 375; 393
my.cnf, 97; 98; 106; 113; 118; 120; 134; 145147; 154; 167; 174; 206; 207; 209; 218220; 222; 231; 269; 311; 316; 317; 356;
359; 360; 376; 378; 385; 451; 459; 474;
524-528; 534; 535; 537; 544; 546; 547;
550; 552; 561; 603; 610
my.ini, 97; 98; 134; 206; 459; 524; 525; 527;
528; 535; 537

ext2, 24; 448
ReiserFS, 24; 78; 448
ADD_TO_SET, 44
ANY(), 45
EVERY(), 45
REMOVE_FROM_SET, 44
SOME(), 45
X
, 37; 42; 65; 429
-
MySQL AB
MySQL.
..
.
"".
101509, , . , . 43, . 1.
31.03.2005. 70X100/16.
Times. .
. . . 50,31. .-. . 39,64.
3000 . 1384.
" "
,
.
197110, -, ., 15.

Артеменко Ю.Н. - MySQL Руководство администратора

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ISBN 5-8459-0805-1 (.)

2.7.2. ActiveState Perl Windows

9.7.5. InnoDB MySQL

MySQL , , SQL (Structured

( . . . ) ; . , INSERT... SELECT INSERT SELECT.

raysql> SELECT CONCAT(first_name, ' ' , lastjiame)

GROUP BY ORDER BY.

LEFT OUTER JOIN RIGHT OUTER JOIN SQL,

DELETE, INSERT, REPLACE UPDATE ,

Connector/ODBC MySQL , ODBC-. ,

1.2.5. " 2000 91

MySQL 3.22 YEAR 0

INSERT INTO y2k VALUES

14 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Web- MySQL (http://www.mysql.com)

, Web- (http://www.mysql.com/press/logos.html) Web- MySQL AB.

1.5.1. MySQL 4.0

1.5.1.1. , MySQL 4.0

1.5.2. MySQL 4.1

CREATE TABLE _2 LIKE _1 ,

1.6. MySQL ( TODO)

1.5.3. MySQL 5.0:

1.6. MySQL ( TODO)

1.6. MySQL ( TODO)

INSERT SQL_CONCURRENT mysqld --concurrent-insert

SET @a:=a+b, a=@a, b=@a+c.

IMAGE LOAD DATA INFILE,

LOAD DATA INFILE.. .UPDATE,

, , - , LOAD DATA INFILE...REPLACE INTO.

LOAD DATA INFILE, :

SELECT a FROM _1 LEFT JOIN _2 USING (a) ;

DELETE REPLACE UPDATE ( , ,

1.6. MySQL ( TODO)

SELECT COUNT(*)*(id+0) FROM _ GROUP BY i d

ALTER TABLE , , INSERT DELAYED.

1.6. MySQL ( TODO)

1.7.2. MySQL IRC

#mysql. , MySQL, SQL.

IRC- IRC, X-Chat (http://www.xchat.org/). X-Chat ( GPL) Unix-, Windows-.

1.8.3. MySQL ANSI

1.8.4. SQL MySQL

My ISAM ISAM. , MylSAM, .MYD, .MYI .frm, .

ANALYZE TABLE, CHECK TABLE, OPTIMIZE TABLE REPAIR TABLE.

CREATE DATABASE DROP DATABASE.

LOAD DATA INFILE. Oracle.

REPLACE DELETE + INSERT.

CHANGE ^, DROP _, DROP INDEX, IGNORE

, , INDEX KEY CREATE TABLE.

IF EXISTS DROP TABLE.

ORDER BY LIMIT UPDATE DELETE.

DELAYED INSERT REPLACE.

LOW_PRIORITY INSERT, REPLACE, DELETE UPDATE.

INTO OUTFILE STRAIGHT_JOIN SELECT.

ASC DESC GROUP BY.

MySQL && | | " " (AND)

% MOD (). , N % MOD(N, M). '%'

=, , <=, <, >=, >, , , <=>, AND, OR LIKE

B I T _ C 0 U N T ( ) , CASE, E L T ( ) , F R O M _ D A Y S ( ) , FORMAT ( ) , I F ( ) , PASSWORD ( ) ,

1.8.5. MySQL SQL

1.8.6.1. PRIMARY KEY/UNIQUE

1.8.6.2. NOT NULL DEFAULT

1.8.6.3. ENUM SET

SELECT {__) FROM t l , t 2 , t 3 . . . , ,

SELECT COUNT()(id+0) FROM _ GROUP BY i d