PR 1 Dinsis MS FTMD ITB, 15/02/2012 1.

. Obtain two linear approximation s of the function f() = sin , one valid near = /4 rad and the other valid near = 3/4 rad. 2. The population data for a certain country are given here. Year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 Population (millions) 10 10.5 11.1 11.6 12.2 12.8 Plot the data and obtain a function that describes the data. Estimate when the population will be double its 1990 size. 3. The half-life of a radioactive substance is the time it takes to decay by half. The half-life of carbon- 14, which is used for dating previously living things, is 5500 years. When an organism dies, it stops accumulating carbon-14. The carbon- 14 present at the time of death decays with time. Let C(t)/C(0) be the fraction of carbon-14 remaining at time t. In radioactive carbon dating, it is usually assumed that the remaining fraction decays exponentially according to the formula
C(t ) = e bt C ( 0)

a. Use the half-life of carbon-14 to find the value of the parameter b and plot the function. b. Suppose we estimate that 90% of the original carbon-14 remains. Estimate how long ago the organism died. c. Suppose our estimate of b is off by 1 %. How does this affect the age estimate in part (b)? 4. Quenching is the process of immersing a hot metal object in a bath for a specified time to improve properties such as hardness. A copper sphere 25 mm in diameter, initially at 300C, is immersed in a bath at 0C. Measurements of the spheres temperature versus time are shown here. Plot the data and find a functional description of the data. Time (s) Temperature(C) 5. 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 300 150 75 35 12 5 0

Use the least-squares method to fit the power function y = bxm to the data given in the following table. Evaluate the quality of the fit by computing J, S and r2. x 0 1 2 3 4 y 1 8 50 178 490