Day-1 LECTURE 2-Welding Technology

CARBON STEEL & ALLOY STEEL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
SAE & AISI

DEVELOPED MOST COMMON NUMBERING & CLASSIFICATION OF STEEL
4 DIGIT NUMBERING SYSTEM 1ST DIGIT 2ND DIGIT LAST TWO DIGITS TYPE OF STEEL % OF ALLOYING ELEMENT CARBON CONTENT IN HUNDRED OF A PERCENT

4 DIGIT NUMBERING SYSTEM
EXAMPLE AISI 2315 NICKEL STEEL
ABOUT 3% NICKEL (Ni)

0.15 % CARBON (C)

MATERIAL CODE
1XXX 12XX 12XX 13XX 2XXX 3XXX 4XXX
TYPE OF STEEL
CARBON STEELS SPECIAL SULPHUR CARBON STEEL PHOSPHOROUS CARBON STEEL MANGNESE STEEL NICKEL STEELS NICKEL CHROMIUM STEELS MOLYBDENUM STEELS
5XXX
6XXX 7XXX
CHROMIUM STEELS
CHROMIUM VANADIUM STEELS TUGSTEN STEELS
9XXX
SILICON MANGANESE STEELS
PERCENTAGE OF CARBON
ALLOY
WROUGHT IRON LOW CARBON STEELS MILD STEEL MEDIUM CARBON STEEL HIGH CARBON STEELS
% OF CARBON
NO CARBON ( < 0.08%) 0.15 % CARBON (MAX) 0.25 - 1.5 % MANGANESE 0.15 - 0.29 % CARBON 0.25 - 0.50 % CARBON 0.60 - 1.65 % MANGANESE 0.50 - 1.03 % CARBON 0.30 - 1.00% MANGANESE
LOW ALLOY STEELS

CAST IRON
0.29 % CARBON (MAX.) TOTAL METAL ALLOYS <= 2.0 %

2.1 % CARBON
CARBON EQUIVALENT
C.E.
%C
% Mn 6
% Ni 20
% Cr + % Mo 10
% Cu
40
if C.E. < 0.40% C.E. > 0.40%
MATERIAL IS READILY WELDABLE SPECIAL CONTROLS REQUIRED PREHEATING LOW HYDROGEN PROCESSES PROCEDURE SHOULD BE QUALIFIED
AWS ELECTRODE CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM

ELECTRODES FOR CARBON & LOW - ALLOY STEEL (SMAW) AWS SPECIFICATION A 5.1
E 60 1 0
ELECTRODE TYPE OF COATING & CURRENT
STRENGTH IN KSI
POSITION
E 80 1 8 - B1
ELECTRODE 80 KSI Min.
ALL POSITION
AC OR DCEP
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF WELD METAL DEPOSIT
E XX X X
POSITION
SIGNIFICANCE OF 3RD DIGIT - POSITION
3RD DIGIT POSITION

1 2 3 FLAT, HORIZONTAL, VERTICAL, OVERHEAD FLAT AND HORIZONTAL ONLY FLAT, HORIZONTAL, VERTICAL DOWN, OVERHEAD

E XX X X
SIGNIFICANCE OF 4TH DIGIT 4TH DIGIT TYPE OF COATING
0 1 2 CELLULOSE SODIUM CELLULOSE POTASSIUM TITANIA SODIUM
TYPE OF COATING & CURRENT
CURRENT
DCEP AC or DCEP or DCEN AC OR DCEN
3
4
TITANIA POTASSIUM
IRON POWDER TITANIA
AC OR DCEP
AC or DCEP or DCEN
5
6 7 8
LOW HYDROGEN SODIUM

LOW HYDROGEN POTASSIUM IRON POWDER IRON OXIDE
DCEP
AC or DCEP AC or DCEP or DCEN
IRON POWDER LOW HYDROGEN AC or DCEP

E XXXX - XX
SUFFIX
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF WELD DEPOSIT SUFFIX

A1 B1 B2 B3 C1 C2 C3 D1 & D2 G
1.25 2.00 0.50 2 3 1 0.15 0.25 0.45 0.30 Min. 0.20 Min. 0.10 Min. 0.35 1 2
% Mn
%Ni
%Cr
%Mo
1
%V

AWS SPECIFICATIONS FOR GMAW ELECTRODES
BASE MATERIAL
CARBON STEEL LOW ALLOY STEEL ALUMINIUM ALLOY COPPER ALLOY MAGNESIUM NICKEL ALLOYS
AWS SPECIFICATION
A 5.18 A 5.28 A 5.10 A 5.7 A 5.19 A 5.14
STAINLESS STEEL
TITANIUM
A 5.9
A 5.16

CARBON STEEL ELECTRODES (GMAW)
ER 70 S- X
ELECTRODE OR ROD CHEMICAL COMPOSITION & SHIELDING
SOLID ELECTRODE WIRE

STRENGTH IN KSI
CARBON STEEL ELECTRODES FOR GMAW

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
AWS CLASSIFICATION %C %Mn %Si
Ti
% OTHER
Zi Al
0.05
E 70S 2
0.6 0.06 0.15 0.07 0.15 0.07 0.19 0.07 0.15 0.07 0.15 1.40 1.85 1.50 2.00 0.90 1.40
0.40 0.70 0.45 0.70 0.65 0.85 0.30 0.60 0.80 1.15 0.50 0.80
0.05 0.02
E 70S 3
E 70S 4 E 70S 5 E 70S 6 E 70S 7
0.50 0.90
CARBON STEEL ELECTRODES FOR GMAW

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
AWS CLASS. WELDING ELECTRODE STRENGTH REQUIREMENTS (AS WELDED)
TENSILE STRENGTH MIN. KSI YIELD STRENGTH MIN. KSI
POLARITY
EXTERNAL GAS SHIELD
%
ELONGATION MIN.
E 70S 2
E 70S 3 E 70S 4 E 70S 5 E 70S 6 E 70S 7
DCEP
DCEP DCEP DCEP DCEP DCEP
CO2
CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2
72
72 72 72 72 72
60
60 60 60 60 60
22
22 22 22 22 22
SHIELDING GAS MAY BE ARGON CO2 OR ARGON O2 MIXTURE

GTAW ELECTRODES
AWS CLASS.
EWP EWCe 2 EWLa - 1
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
PURE TUNGSTEN 97.3% TUNGSTEN, 2% CERIUM OXIDE 98.3% TUNGSTEN, 1% LANTHANUM OXIDE
COLOR CODE
GREEN ORANGE BLACK
EWTh - 1
EWTh - 2
98.3% TUNGSTEN, 1% THORIUM OXIDE

97.3% TUNGSTEN, 2% THORIUM OXIDE
YELLOW
RED
EWZr - 1
EWG
99.1% TUNGSTEN, 0.25% ZIRCONIUM OXIDE

94.5% TUNGSTEN, REMAINED NOT SPECIFIED
BROWN
GRAY
ALLOY STEEL FILLER METAL

AWS FILLER METAL SPECIFICATIONS
SUFFIX LETTER DESIGNATE THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE DEPOSITED WELD METAL
SUFFIX LETTER
A B C or Ni D NM G,K,M and W
CHEMISTRY
C Mo STEEL Cr Mo STEEL Ni STEEL Mn Mo STEEL NI Mo STEEL OTHER LOW ALLOY STEEL
ALLOY STEEL WELDING

FOUR FACTORS FOR SUCCESSFUL ALLOY STEEL WELDING
1. ALWAYS USE A LOW - HYDROGEN WELDING PROCEDURE, PROCESS & FILLER METAL
2.
SELECT A FILLER METAL THAT MATCHES THE STRENGTH LEVEL OF THE ALLOY STEEL
3.
SELECT A FILLER METAL THAT COMES CLOSE TO MATCHING THE COMPOSITION OF ALLOY STEEL
4.
USE PROPER WELDING PROCEDURE
LOW CARBON STEEL WELDING

LOW CARBON STEEL
AISI GRADE CARBON WELDING SPECIAL ELECTRODE EQUIVALENT PROCESS PRECAUTION (IF ANY) (% CE)
C-1008 C - 1025
< 0.40%
SMAW
NIL
E 60XX E 70XX
MEDIUM CARBON STEEL WELDING

MEDIUM CARBON STEEL
C-1030 C - 1050
< 0.40%
SMAW
NIL
E 70XX
HIGH CARBON STEEL WELDING

HIGH CARBON STEEL
C-1055 C - 1095
> 0.40%
SMAW
PRE HEATING
(200 310OC)
E 70XX
PWHT
LOW ALLOY STEEL WELDING

LOW NICKEL STEEL
MAJOR ALLOYING ELEMENT
CARBON (C) MANGANESE (Mn) SILICON (Si) NICKEL (Ni) WELDING PROCESS ELECTRODE
AISI 2315, 2515, 2517

% COMPOSITION
0.12 0.30% 0.40 - 0.60% 0.20 - 0.45% 3.25 5.25%
SPECIAL PRECAUTION (IF ANY) C < 0.15% NO PREHEAT

(EXCEPT FOR HEAVY SECTION)
SMAW
E 80XX, E 90XX
WITH C1, C2 SUFFIX
C > 0.15% PREHEAT UP TO 260OC STRESS RELIEVING ADVISABLE

LOW Ni - Cr STEEL
CARBON (C) MANGANESE (Mn) SILICON (Si) NICKEL (Ni) CHROMIUM (Cr) WELDING PROCESS ELECTRODE
AISI 3130, 3135, 3140, 3310, 3316

% COMPOSITION
0.14 0.34% 0.40 0.90% 0.20 0.35% 1.10 3.75% 0.55 0.75% SPECIAL PRECAUTION (IF ANY) C < 0.15% NO PREHEAT
(EXCEPT FOR HEAVY SECTION)
SMAW
E 80XX, E 90XX
C > 0.15% PREHEAT UP TO 316OC STRESS RELIEVING ADVISABLE

LOW Mn STEEL
CARBON (C) MANGANESE (Mn) SILICON (Si) WELDING PROCESS ELECTRODE
AISI 1320, 1330, 1335, 1340, 1345

% COMPOSITION
0.18 0.48% 1.60 1.90% 0.20 0.30% SPECIAL PRECAUTION (IF ANY)
LOW RANGE OF C & Mn C >= 0.25%
HIGH RANGE Mn
THICKER SECTION
SMAW
E 80XX, E 90XX
WITH A-1,D1,D-2 SUFFIX
NO PREHEAT PREHEAT DESIRABLE (121OC TO 149OC)
PREHEAT MANDATORY
- DO- (240OC TO 290OC)
STRESS RELIEVING ADVISABLE

LOW ALLOY Cr STEEL
CARBON (C)
AISI 5015 to 5160

% COMPOSITION
0.12 1.10%
MANGANESE (Mn)
SILICON (Si) CHROMIUM (Cr) WELDING PROCESS ELECTRODE
0.30 1.00%
0.20 0.35% 0.20 1.60% SPECIAL PRECAUTION (IF ANY)
LOW RANGE OF C & Cr HIGH RANGE OF B C & Cr
THICKER SECTION
SMAW
E 80XX, E 90XX
WITH SUFFIX
NO PREHEAT PREHEAT MANDATORY (399OC ) - DO- (240OC TO 290OC)
STRESS RELIEVING ADVISABLE
STAINLESS STEEL
ALSO CALLED CORROSION - RESISTANT STEELS

THEY DO NOT RUST
STRONGLY RESIST ATTACK BY GREAT MANY LIQUIDS, GASES & CHEMICALS
GOOD LOW - TEMPERATURE TOUGHNESS & DUCTILITY
GOOD STRENGTH & RESISTANCE TO HIGH TEMP.
IRON AS MAIN ELEMENT, CHROMIUM - 11 TO 30 %
STAINLESS STEEL IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM

AISI IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM
IDENTIFICATION BY 3 DIGIT NUMBERS
EXAMPLE -
AISI 304
FIRST DIGIT INDICATES GROUP
LAST TWO INDICATES SPECIFIC ALLOY
STAINLESS STEEL IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM

AISI IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM
SERIES DESIGNATION METALLURGICAL GROUP PRINCIPLE ELEMENTS MAGNETIC PROPERTY
2XX
3XX 4XX 4XX 5XX
AUSTENITIC
AUSTENITIC MARTENSITIC FERRITIC MARTENSITIC
Cr Ni Mn NON MAGNETIC
Cr Ni Cr Cr Cr Mo -DOMAGNETIC -DO-DO-
STAINLESS STEEL WELDING

STAINLESS STEEL IS DIFFICULT TO WELD COMPARE TO CARBON - STEELS
THIS IS BECAUSE OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES.
DIFFERENCE
IN
THESE DIFFERENCES ARE LOWER MELTING TEMPERATURE
LOWER THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY

HIGHER COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL EXPANSION HIGHER ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE

MOST POPULAR PROCESSES FOR WELDING STAINLESS STEEL ARE
SMAW GTAW GMAW

AUSTENITIC TYPE STAINLESS STEEL 2XX, 3XX
PROPERTIES
45% HIGHER MANGANESE
NOT HARDENABLE BY HEAT TREATMENT

NON MAGNETIC MAY BECOME MAGNETIC WHEN COLD WORKED
OR WELDED
ALL AUSTENITIC SS ARE WELDABLE EXCEPTION TYPE 303 (CONTAINS HIGH SULPHUR)
TYPE 303Se (CONTAINS SELIUM)

WELDING IS DIFFICULT COMPARING TO CARBON STEEL REASONS
45% HIGHER THERMAL COEFFICIENT OF EXPANSION TO CS HIGHER ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE TO CS LOWER THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY TO CS
LOWER MELTING POINT THAN CS

RECOMMENDATIONS: USE HIGH TRAVEL SPEED
IT REDUCES HEAT INPUT
IT REDUCES CARBIDE PRECIPITATION IT MINIMIZES DISTORTION
SPECIAL PRECAUTION AGAINST WRAPAGE & DISTORTION

(TACK WELDS SHALL BE TWICE AS NORMAL)
THIN MATERIAL - DIFFICULT TO COMPLETELY AVOID BUCKLING

FERRITIC TYPE STAINLESS STEEL 4XX
WELDABLE EXCEPT 430F (CONTAINS HIGH SULFUR) COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL EXPANSION SAME AS CS TENDENCY OF GRAIN GROWTH AT T >= 871O C
WELDING PROCESSES THAT TEND TO INCREASE

CARBON PICK UP ARE NOT RECOMMENDED e.g. GMAW WITH CO2 SHIELDING
OXYFUEL PROCESS

FERRITIC TYPE STAINLESS STEEL 4XX
RECOMMENDATIONS HEAVIER SECTION - PREHEAT 205O C TO 210O C ANNEALING - 760O C TO 816O C FOLLOWED BY
WATER OR AIR QUENCH

PEENING THE WELD (TO IMPROVE TOUGHNESS) USE AUSTENITIC SS FILLER METAL (IF HT IS NOT POSSIBLE)

MARTENSITIC TYPE STAINLESS STEEL 4XX, 5XX
HARDENABLE BY HEAT TREATMENT MAGNETIC LOW CARBON TYPE CAN BE WELDED WITHOUT ANY
PRECAUTION
WELDING PROCESSES THAT TEND TO INCREASE CARBON PICK UP ARE NOT RECOMMENDED INCREASED CARBON CONTENT INCREASES CRACK SENSITIVITY IN WELD AREA

MARTENSITIC TYPE STAINLESS STEEL 4XX, 5XX
LOW - CARBON TYPE WELDABLE (WITHOUT PRECAUTIONS) PREHEAT, POST-HEAT REQD.
%C > 0.15
PREHEAT TEMP.
230O C - 290O C
POSTHEAT TEMP.
650O C - 760O C
(FOLLOWED BY SLOW COOLING)

RECOMMENDED FILLER METAL
SERIES DESIGNATION
Cr Ni Mn Austenitic Cr Ni Austenitic
AISI NO.
201 202 301 302 302B
POPULAR NAME

FIRST CHOICE
308 308 308 308 308
SECOND CHOICE
308L 308L 308L 308L 309
303 303Se 304 304L

305 309 25/12
18/8 18/8 ELC 308 308L

308 309
308L 347

SERIES AISI DESIGNATION NO.
Cr Ni Austenitic 309S 310 310S 314 316 316L 317 321 347 19/9 Cb 18/12 Mo 18/12 ELC 19/14 Mo 25/20
POPULAR NAME

FIRST CHOICE 309 310 310 310 316 316L 317 347 347 SECOND CHOICE 309Cb 309Cb 309Cb 308L 308L
348
19/9CbLTa
347

Cr Martensitic 403 410 414 416 416 Se 420 431 440A 440B 440C 12 Cr HC 12 Cr
POPULAR NAME

FIRST CHOICE 410 410 410 410 410 430 SECOND CHOICE 430 -
High carbon welding not recommended High carbon welding not recommended High carbon welding not recommended

Cr Ferritic 405 430 430F 430FSe 446 501 502 5 Cr - Mo 5 Cr - Mo 16 Cr
POPULAR NAME

FIRST CHOICE 410 430 309 502 502 SECOND CHOICE 405Cb 309 310 -
ALUMINIUM & ALUMINIUM ALLOY

PROPERTIES
LIGHT WEIGHT RELATIVELY HIGH STRENGTH Al WELDING IS DIFFERENT FROM STEEL WELDING

DESIGNATION OF ALUMINIUM ALLOY GROUPS MAJOR ALLOYING ELEMENT
99% MINIMUM Al AND OVER COPPER
DESIGNATION
1XXX 2XXX
MANGANESE
SILICON MAGNESIUM
3XXX
4XXX 5XXX
MAGNESIUM AND SILICON

ZINC OTHER ELEMENT
6XXX
7XXX 8XXX

SERIES
1XXX
PROPERTIES
Al 99% OR HIGHER PURITY
USE
PRIMARY USED IN ELECTRICAL & CHEMICAL INDUSTRY
2XXX
PRINCIPAL ALLOYING ELEMENT Cu HIGH STRENGTH (WHEN PROPERLY HEAT TREATED) LESS CORROSION RESISTANCE OFTEN CLAD WITH Al OR SPECIAL Al ALLOY

SERIES
3XXX
PROPERTIES
USE
4XXX
5XXX 6XXX 7XXX 8XXX
ALUMINIUM & ALUMINIUM ALLOY WELDING

Al welding is different from steel welding because of following properties of steel
Al Oxide Surface Coating Al reacts with O2 in air to produce thin hard film of Al - oxide on the surface Melting point of oxide film 1926o C (3 times melting of Al) Oxide film absorb moisture from air Moisture - source of H2 causing porosity Al - Oxide film must be removed prior to welding Small particles of un-melted Al - Oxide will cause lack of fusion, weld crack
Al Oxide Surface Coating Can be removed by Mechanical Method - Grinding etc Chemical - Cleaning Solution Welding Fluxes Electrical - Cathodic Bombardment half cycle of AC GTAW Oxide film immediately start to form (Weld with 8 hr. of cleaning) High Thermal Conductivity High Thermal Expansion Coefficient Low Melting Temperature The absence of color change as temperature approaches the melting point
GTAW GMAW SMAW OxyAcetylene Resistance Welding Solid State
Used for welding thinner section (Use AC) Thicker Section Not Popular Not Popular Used Used
DISSIMILAR METAL WELDING
SHOULD BE AS STRONG AS WEAKER OF TWO METALS JOINED IMPORTANT TO INVESTIGATE PHASE DIAGRAM
IF MUTUALLY SOLUBLE - JT. CAN BE MADE SUCCESSFULLY

IF MUTUALLY NOT SOLUBLE - USE THIRD METAL WHICH IS SOLUBLE TO BOTH

IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS
COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL EXPANSION OF BOTH MATERIALS
DIFFERENCE IN MELTING TEMPERATURE

INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS FORMED BETWEEN THE DISSIMILAR METALS CRACK SENSITIVITY DUCTILITY SUSCEPTIBILITY TO CORROSION

EFFECTIVE WELDING PROCESSES
ARC WELDING ULTRASONIC WELDING COLD WELDING EXPLOSION WELDING ELECTRON BEAM WELDING LASER BEAM WELDING

POPULAR DISSIMILAR METAL COMBINATIONS
BASE METALS Al to Mild Steel Al to Low - Alloy Steel Al to S.S. SS(Ferritic) to Low-Alloy Steel SS(Aus.) to Low-Alloy Steel Mild Steel to Low Alloy Steel SMAW GTAW GMAW
Use a transition insert of these metals - do - do ENiCrFe-3 ENiCrFe-3 RNiCrFe-3 RNiCrFe-3 ENiCrFe-3 ENiCrFe-3
E7018
E70S-X
E70S-X
HEAT AND WELDING

Heat is employed in most Welding Processes
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Electric Arc Resistance Heating High Temperature Flame Mechanical Sources - Friction, Ultrasonic Exothermic Chemical Reaction
Most Common is Electric Arc

Temperature 5000oC - 20,000oC
EFFECTS OF WELDING HEAT
1. 2. 3. 4.
High Residual Stresses Distortion Reduction in ductility & Cracking change in hardness in HAZ Deterioration in toughness in HAZ Loss of Strength in HAZ in certain work - hardened, quenched & tempered steel.
WELDING METALLURGY
Science of Welding closely relates to metallurgy
Metallurgy involves Producing metals from ore Making & Compounding Alloys Reaction of metals to many different activities & situations Heat-treatment Steel Making & Processing Forging Foundry
Extensive Use of Metallurgy in
WELDING METALLURGY
Welding Metallurgy
Special branch of metallurgy Reaction time - minute/second Changes of physical properties in short period
It deals with
Interaction of different metals Interaction of metals with gases
WELDING METALLURGY
Metal in Liquid State No Distinct Structure
Atoms move freely among themselves

As Molten Metal cools Heat Energy decreases Less mobility of atoms Atoms attracted together in a definite patterns Three Dimensional lattice Also called Space Lattices Crystal
Near to Solidification
WELDING METALLURGY
Most Metals in Common Use are in the form of Alloy
PHASE
Substitutional Solid Solution

Interstitial Solid Solution Inter-metallic Compound Each grouping with its own crystalline structure Overall arrangement of grains, grain boundaries & phases present in alloy
Microstructure
ALLOTROPES
Allotropic change
PHASE
Substitutional Solid Solution

Interstitial Solid Solution Inter-metallic Compound Each grouping with its own crystalline structure Overall arrangement of grains, grain boundaries & phases present in alloy
Microstructure
WELDING METALLURGY
TEMERATURE DISTRIBUTION AROUND A WELD
WELDING METALLURGY
STEPS IN THE SOLIDIFICATION OF MOLTEN METAL
WELDING METALLURGY
SOLIDIFICATION PATTERN OF GROOVE WELD
WELDING METALLURGY
CHARACTERISTICS OF WELDED JOINT IN PURE METAL
CHARACTERISTICS OF WELDED JOINT IN PRECIPITATION HARDENED ALLOY
WELDING METALLURGY
MICROSTRUCTURE OF DIFFERENT PARTS OF WELD
WELDING METALLURGY
WELD SHOWING WELD METAL, HEAT AFFECTED ZONE & BASE METAL

Day-1 LECTURE 2-Welding Technology

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CARBON STEEL & ALLOY STEEL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM

SAE & AISI

CARBON STEEL & ALLOY STEEL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM

EXAMPLE AISI 2315 NICKEL STEEL

ABOUT 3% NICKEL (Ni)

CARBON STEEL & ALLOY STEEL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM

SILICON MANGANESE STEELS

LOW ALLOY STEELS

0.29 % CARBON (MAX.) TOTAL METAL ALLOYS <= 2.0 %

if C.E. < 0.40% C.E. > 0.40%

AWS ELECTRODE CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM

AWS ELECTRODE CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM

AWS ELECTRODE CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM

SIGNIFICANCE OF 3RD DIGIT - POSITION

3RD DIGIT POSITION

AWS ELECTRODE CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM

LOW HYDROGEN SODIUM

IRON POWDER LOW HYDROGEN AC or DCEP

AWS ELECTRODE CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF WELD DEPOSIT SUFFIX

AWS ELECTRODE CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM

AWS ELECTRODE CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM

SOLID ELECTRODE WIRE

CARBON STEEL ELECTRODES FOR GMAW

CARBON STEEL ELECTRODES FOR GMAW

EXTERNAL GAS SHIELD

SHIELDING GAS MAY BE ARGON CO2 OR ARGON O2 MIXTURE

AWS ELECTRODE CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM

98.3% TUNGSTEN, 1% THORIUM OXIDE

99.1% TUNGSTEN, 0.25% ZIRCONIUM OXIDE

ALLOY STEEL FILLER METAL

ALLOY STEEL WELDING

USE PROPER WELDING PROCEDURE

LOW CARBON STEEL WELDING

MEDIUM CARBON STEEL WELDING

HIGH CARBON STEEL WELDING

LOW ALLOY STEEL WELDING

AISI 2315, 2515, 2517

SPECIAL PRECAUTION (IF ANY) C < 0.15% NO PREHEAT

C > 0.15% PREHEAT UP TO 260OC STRESS RELIEVING ADVISABLE

LOW ALLOY STEEL WELDING

AISI 3130, 3135, 3140, 3310, 3316

MAJOR ALLOYING ELEMENT

C > 0.15% PREHEAT UP TO 316OC STRESS RELIEVING ADVISABLE

LOW ALLOY STEEL WELDING

AISI 1320, 1330, 1335, 1340, 1345

MAJOR ALLOYING ELEMENT

NO PREHEAT PREHEAT DESIRABLE (121OC TO 149OC)

STRESS RELIEVING ADVISABLE

LOW ALLOY STEEL WELDING

AISI 5015 to 5160

NO PREHEAT PREHEAT MANDATORY (399OC ) - DO- (240OC TO 290OC)

STRESS RELIEVING ADVISABLE

ALSO CALLED CORROSION - RESISTANT STEELS

STRONGLY RESIST ATTACK BY GREAT MANY LIQUIDS, GASES & CHEMICALS

GOOD LOW - TEMPERATURE TOUGHNESS & DUCTILITY

GOOD STRENGTH & RESISTANCE TO HIGH TEMP.

IRON AS MAIN ELEMENT, CHROMIUM - 11 TO 30 %

STAINLESS STEEL IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM

IDENTIFICATION BY 3 DIGIT NUMBERS

FIRST DIGIT INDICATES GROUP

LAST TWO INDICATES SPECIFIC ALLOY

STAINLESS STEEL IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM