Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
rszlet)
Trvektorok
Jellsek: v = (v1 , v2 , v3 ), w = (w1 , w2, w3 ), c = (c1 , c2 , c3 ), t R, i = (1, 0, 0), j = (0, 1, 0),
k = (0, 0, 1).
Vektormveletek.
i
j k
p
v1 v2 v3
vwu = (v w) u = det w1 w2 w3 , s teljesl vwu = wuv = uvw = wvu = vuw =
u1 u2 u3
uwv.
Egyenes.
x = x0 + tv1
y = y0 + tv2
z = z0 + tv3
Az egyenes egyenletrendszere (ha egyik koordintaskkal sem prhuzamos, (azaz v1 v2 v3 6= 0):
x x0
y y0
z z0
=
=
v1
v2
v3
Sk.
Mretes feladatok.
|P QQR|
.
|P Q|
ax0 +by0 +c
(Ugyanez skban, ha p = (x0 , y0 ) pont s e : ax + by + c = 0 egyenes: d(p, e) =
.)
a2 +b2
0 +by0 +cz0 +d
.
Egy p = (x0 , y0 , z0 ) pont s S : ax + by + cz + d = 0 sk tvolsga: d(p, S) = ax
a2 +b2 +c2
Kitr e s f egyenesek tvolsga, ahol E1 s E2 az e, F1 s F2 az f egyenesen van:
(E1 E2 F1 F2 ) E1 F1
.
|E1 E2 F1 F2 |
d(e, f ) =
|vn|
.
|v| |n|
Elemi fggvnyek
Polinomok.
Rolle-gykttel: Ha ai Z, f
Pn
i=0
ai xi , ahol n N, ai R (vagy ai C) s an 6= 0.
x0
sh(x) =
ex ex
,
2
ch(x) =
ex +ex
,
2
th(x) =
sh(x)
,
ch(x)
cth(x) =
x+y
,
2
b=
xy
,
2
ch(x)
.
sh(x)
mskppen: x = a + b, y = a b.
2
arctg(x) + arcctg(x)
arcsin(x) + arccos(x)
= 2
= 2
2
arsh(x) = ln x + x2 + 1
arch(x) = ln x + x
1
1
1+x
1
1+x
arth(x) = 2 ln 1x (|x| < 1) arcth(x) = 2 ln x1 (|x| > 1)
lim arctg(x) = 2
lim th(x) = 1
0 ; 0 30 ; 6 45 ; 4 60 ; 3 90 ; 2
1
3
1
sin
0
1
2
2
2
cos
tg
ctg
3
2
1
3
1
0
1
2
2
3
1
1
1
3
cos
+ +
Dieren
ilszmts
f (x0 ) = lim
xx0
f (x)f (x0 )
,
xx0
f (x)
xn
ex
ln(x) (x > 0)
sin(x)
tg(x) (x 6= 2 + k )
sh(x)
th(x)
arcsin(x) (|x| 1)
arctg(x)
arsh(x)
arth(x) (|x| < 1)
xx0
f (x)
nxn1
ex
f (x)
xx (x > 0)
ax
1
loga (x) (x > 0)
x
cos(x)
cos(x)
1
2
=
1
+
tg
(x)
ctg(x) (x 6= k )
cos2 (x)
ch(x)
ch(x)
2
1
= 1 th (x) cth(x)
ch2 (x)
1
arccos(x) (|x| 1)
1x2
1
arcctg(x)
1+x2
1
arch(x)
x2 +1
1
arcth(x) (|x| > 1)
1x2
Derivlsi szablyok.
(f + g) = f + g , (cf ) = cf , (f g) = f g + f g ,
1
.
g (f (x))
f
g
f gf g
,
g2
f (x)
xx (1 + ln(x))
ax ln(a)
1
x ln(a)
sin(x)
sin21(x) = 1 ctg2 (x)
sh(x)
sh21(x) = 1 cth2 (x)
1
1x
2
1
1+x
2
1
x2 1
1
1x2
6= 0, akkor f (x) =
y(t)
,
x(t)
f (x) =
y(t)x(t)
x(t)y(t)
.
x 2 (t)
Fggvnyek rintkezse.
v = f (x0 ) + 1+f
,
u
=
x
f
(x
)
s
r
=
.
0
0
f (x0 )
f (x0 )
|f (x0 )|
3
Fggvnyvizsglat.
Ha n N+ olyan, hogy f (k) (x0 ) = 0 minden 1 k < n esetn s f (k) (x0 ) 6= 0, akkor
f (x) =
n
X
f (k) (x0 )
k!
k=0
(x x0 )k +
f (n+1) ()
(x x0 )n+1 , ahol (x0 , x) vagy (x, x0 )
(n + 1)!
n=1
P
n=1
n
P
qn =
k=0
1
n
1q n+1
,
1q
(1)n
n
qn =
k=0
1
.
1q
= ln(2)
an
Hatvnysor konvergen
iasugara: r = lim an+1
n
ex =
xn
n!
n=0
sin(x) =
n=0
ln(x + 1) =
(1)n x2n+1
(2n+1)!
x2n+1
(2n+1)!
n=0
P
(1)n x2n+1
, |x| 1
arctg(x) =
2n+1
n=0
P
n
x
,
(1 + x) =
ahol
n=0 n
n
sh(x) =
(1)n1 xn
,
n
1 < x 1
n=1
P
(1)n x2n
cos(x) =
(2n)!
n=0
P x2n
ch(x) =
(2n)!
n=0
P x2n+1
arth(x) =
, |x| < 1
2n+1
n=0
= (1)...(n+1)
(binomilis
n!
sor)
a0 =
an =
1
2p
1
p
R2p
0
R2p
0
f (x)dx,
b0 = 0,
R2p
nx
1
f (x) cos nx
f
(x)
sin
dx,
b
=
dx.
n
p
p
p
0
Integrl
f (x)
xn (ha n 6= 1)
ex
sin(x)
f (x)dx
f (x)
xn+1
n+1
x
1
x
e
ax
cos(x)
cos(x)
1
1
tg(x)
cos2 (x)
sin2 (x)
sh(x)
ch(x)
ch(x)
1
1
th(x)
ch2 (x)
sh2 (x)
1
1
arctg(x), vagy arcctg(x) a2 +x
2 (ha a 6= 0)
1+x2
1
1
(ha |x| < 1) arth(x)
(ha |x| > 1)
1x2
1x2
1
arsh(x)
1+x2
1
arcsin(x), vagy arccos(x) x12 1
1x2
f (x)dx
ln(x)
ax
ln(a)
sin(x)
ctg(x)
sh(x)
cth(x)
1
x
arctg
a
a
arcth(x)
arch(x)
c R. Ekkor
R
R
R Legyen F az f egy
R primitv fggvnye,
R
af (x)dx = a f (x)dx, f (x) + g(x)dx = f (x)dx + g(x)dx,
R
+ c (ha a 6= 0),
f (ax + b)dx = F (ax+b)
a
R
R (x)
R
f n+1 (x)
n
dx = ln |f (x)|+c, g (x)f (g(x)) dx = F (g(x))+c.
f (x)f (x)dx = n+1 +c (ha n 6= 1), ff (x)
Integrlsi szablyok.
R
f (x)g(x)dx = f (x)g(x) f (x)g (x)dx
Nhny tipikus alkalmazs: Legyen p(x) polinom, t(x) a sin(x), cos(x), sh(x), ch(x), ex fggvnyek
valamelyike s a(x) ar
us vagy area fggvny.
f (x)dx =
Nhny tipikus alkalmazs:
Helyettests.
x
2
2t
,
1+t2
cos(x) =
= sh(t).
5. R(x, x2 1). A helyettests x = ch(t) (x > 0). Ekkor 1 x2 = sh(t) s dx
dt
b
R
Grbe alatti terlet az [a, b] szakaszon: f (x)dx.
a
b
R
.
Rb
1
2
1
2
r 2 ()d.
x(t)y(t)
x(t)y(t)dt
Rb p
x 2 (t) + y 2(t)dt.
R p
r 2 () + r 2 ()d.
Ja obi-determinns:
(x,y)
(u,v)
= det
x
u
y
u
x
v
y
v
, illetve
(x,y,z)
(u,v,w)
= det
x
u
y
u
z
u
x
v
y
v
z
v
x
w
y
w
z
w
(x0 , y0 )fyy
(x0 , y0 ) fxy
(x0 , y0 ) > 0; fxx
> 0 min; fxx
< 0 max.
Elgsges: az elbbi s fxx
Dieren
ilgeometria
r(t) t [a, b]
(felleti) r(u, v) u = u(t), v = v(t), t [a, b]
r(t)
rint irnyvektora
ru u + rv v
Rb
Rb
E u 2 + 2F u v + Gv 2 dt (E = ru 2 , F = ru rv , G = rv 2 )
|r(t)| dt
vhossz
Grbe
r(u, v) (u, v) D
z = f (x, y)
f (x, y, z) = 0
fx , fy , 1
fx , fy , fz
normlis
n = ru rv (t)
q
RR
RR
RR
RR
fx 2 +fy 2 +fz 2
2 + f 2 + 1dxdy
f
dxdy
felszn
|n| dudv =
EG F 2 dudv
x
y
|f |
T
T
Fellet
Ksr trider.
rint
fnormlis
t(s) = r (s)
t(t) = |r(t)
r(t)|
f(s) =
binormlis
r (s)
|r (s)|
t(s) f(s)
b(t) =
r(t)
r(t)
|r(t)
r(t)|
|r(t)
r(t)|
|r (s)|2
Vektor-vektor fggvnyek
nabla opertor: =
, ,
x y z
, Lapla e-opertor: =
2
x2
+ y
2 + z 2
Legyen v = v(x, y, z) vektor-vektor fggvny, u = u(x, y, z) skalr-vektor fggvny.
divergen
ia: div(v) = v, rot
i: rot(v) = v.
sszefggsek:
div(grad(u)) = u, div(rot(v)) = 0, rot(grad(u)) = 0, grad(div(v)) = rot(rot(v)) + v.
R
Rb
Grbementi integrl: v(r) dr = v(r(t))r(t)dt
a RR
GR
Felletmenti integrl: v(r) dF = v(r(u, v)) (ru rv ) dudv (ahol F : r(u, v), (u, v) D )
F
R
H D
Stokes-ttel: rot(v)(r) dF = v(r) dr
F
R G
H
GaussOsztogradszkij-ttel: div(v)(r)dV = v(r) dF
V