EECS 40 Spring 2003 Lecture 21

S. Ross

EECS 40 Spring 2003 Lecture 21

S. Ross

CMOS INVERTER CMOS means Complementary MOS: NMOS and PMOS working together in a circuit
VDD (Logic 1)
S

D D

VOUT

VIN

EECS 40 Spring 2003 Lecture 21

S. Ross

EECS 40 Spring 2003 Lecture 21

S. Ross

CMOS INVERTER RESPONSE VOUT VDD

VM: Voltage when VIN = VOUT (= VM)

VIN VDD

EECS 40 Spring 2003 Lecture 21

S. Ross

EECS 40 Spring 2003 Lecture 21

S. Ross

LAST TIME: SINGLE TRANSISTOR CIRCUIT ID triode mode saturation mode VGS = 3 V VDS = VGS - VTH(N) Linear ID vs VDS given by surrounding circuit X VGS = 1 V VDS

EECS 40 Spring 2003 Lecture 21

S. Ross

EECS 40 Spring 2003 Lecture 21

S. Ross

ANALYSIS OF INVERTER CIRCUT Obtain: 1) the two nonlinear ID vs. VDS equations for the transistors: ID(N) vs. VDS(N) and ID(P) vs. VDS(P) 2) A linear relationship between ID(N) and ID(P) (e.g., via KCL) 3) An independent linear relationship between VDS(N) and VDS(P) (e.g. via KVL) Using the above, write: ID(P) vs. VDS(P) in terms of ID(N) vs. VDS(N) (or vice-versa) Solve the two transistor equations simultaneously.

EECS 40 Spring 2003 Lecture 21

S. Ross

EECS 40 Spring 2003 Lecture 21

S. Ross

ANALYSIS OF INVERTER CIRCUIT: UNLOADED

VDD (Logic 1)
S

1) Transistor equations: ID(N) = fN(VDS(N)) ID(P) = fP(VDS(P)) 2) ID(P)+ID(N) = 0 3) VDS(N)-VDS(P) = VDD Rewrite 1) as ID(N) = -fP(VDS(N)-VDD)

D D

VOUT

VIN

Find simultaneous solution to: ID(N) = fN(VDS(N)) ID(N) = -fP(VDS(N)-VDD)

EECS 40 Spring 2003 Lecture 21

S. Ross

EECS 40 Spring 2003 Lecture 21

S. Ross

ANALYSIS OF INVERTER CIRCUIT: UNLOADED

VDD (Logic 1)
S

(P) V GS

Also note: VGS(N) = VIN VGS(P) = VIN - VDD VOUT = VDS(N)

D D

VOUT + VDS(N) _

VIN
+V
GS(N )

EECS 40 Spring 2003 Lecture 21

S. Ross

EECS 40 Spring 2003 Lecture 21

S. Ross

CMOS INVERTER: REGION A ID VGS(N) < VTH(N) VGS(P) < VTH(N) - VDD

VDS(P) = VGS(P) - VTH(P)

No current flow in Region A! NMOS cutoff mode PMOS triode mode

VDS VDD

EECS 40 Spring 2003 Lecture 21

S. Ross

EECS 40 Spring 2003 Lecture 21

S. Ross

CMOS INVERTER: REGION B ID VDS(P) = VGS(P) - VTH(P) VGS(N) = VTH(N) + VGS(P) = VTH(N) + - VDD

NMOS saturation mode PMOS triode mode

VDS(N) = VGS(N) - VTH(N) VDD

VDS

EECS 40 Spring 2003 Lecture 21

S. Ross

EECS 40 Spring 2003 Lecture 21

S. Ross

CMOS INVERTER: REGION C ID

NMOS saturation mode PMOS saturation mode

VDS(P) = VGS(P) - VTH(P) VDS(N) = VGS(N) - VTH(N)

VDS VDD

EECS 40 Spring 2003 Lecture 21

S. Ross

EECS 40 Spring 2003 Lecture 21

S. Ross

CMOS INVERTER: REGION D ID VGS(N) = VDD + VTH(P) - VGS(P) = VTH(P) - VDS(N) = VGS(N) - VTH(N)

NMOS triode mode PMOS saturation mode

VDS(P) = VGS(P) - VTH(P) VDS VDD

EECS 40 Spring 2003 Lecture 21

S. Ross

EECS 40 Spring 2003 Lecture 21

S. Ross

CMOS INVERTER: REGION E ID VGS(N) > VTH(P) + VDD VGS(P) > VTH(P) VDS(N) = VGS(N) - VTH(N)

No current flow in Region E! NMOS triode mode PMOS cutoff mode

VDS VDD

EECS 40 Spring 2003 Lecture 21

S. Ross

EECS 40 Spring 2003 Lecture 21

S. Ross

CMOS INVERTER RESPONSE: CURRENT FLOW ID

VIN VDD

EECS 40 Spring 2003 Lecture 21

S. Ross

EECS 40 Spring 2003 Lecture 21

S. Ross

No ID current flow in Regions A and E if nothing attached to output; current flows only during logic transition If resistor or diode attached to output, current will flow through PMOS when input is low (output is high) If another inverter (or other CMOS logic) attached to output, transistor gate terminals of attached stage do not permit current: current flows only during logic transition
VDD S D VIN D VOUT1 VDD S D D VOUT2

EECS 40 Spring 2003 Lecture 21

S. Ross

EECS 40 Spring 2003 Lecture 21

S. Ross

EXAMPLE: RESISTIVE LOAD

VDD = 5 V
S

Find the power absorbed by the resistor and the inverter. Power absorbed by inverter: P = ID(P)VDS(P) + ID(N)VDS(N) Let W/L COX = 1 mA, VTH(N) = -VTH(P) = 1 V, = 0.

D D

VOUT

VIN = 0 V

1 k
S

1) Transistor equations:

EECS 40 Spring 2003 Lecture 21

S. Ross

EECS 40 Spring 2003 Lecture 21

S. Ross

EXAMPLE: RESISTIVE LOAD

VDD = 5 V
S

2) ID(N) and ID(P) relationship:

D D

VOUT

3) VDS(N) and VDS(P) relationship:

VIN = 0 V
S

1 k

4) Substitute into PMOS transistor equation:

EECS 40 Spring 2003 Lecture 21

S. Ross

EECS 40 Spring 2003 Lecture 21

S. Ross

EXAMPLE: RESISTIVE LOAD

VDD = 5 V
S

5) Solutions: VDS(P) =

D D

VOUT

VIN = 0 V
S

1 k

ID(P) =

Power absorbed by inverter: ID(P)VDS(P) + ID(N)VDS(N) = Power absorbed by resistor: R I2 =