BEAM DESIGN

Beam C/5A 1A

Determine the size of beam based on longest span (8000 mm)

Span = 26
d
d = 8000 = 308 mm
26
Cover
Table 3.4, mild cover = 25 mm concrete grade C30.
Table 3.5, 2 hr Fire resistance cover = 30 mm
Take cover = 30 mm
Say diameter of bar = 20 mm
h = d + /2 + cover
= 308 + 20/2 + 30 = 348 mm
Say take h = 400 mm
2

b = h/2 = 400/2 = 200 mm (b = h/2 h/3)

Figure 3.2 For 2 hrs fire resistance b = 200 mm (min)

b = 200 mm = 200 mm (O.K)
Self wt of beam = 24 x 200 x 400 = 1.9 kN/m
1000 1000
Factored self wt = 1.4 x 1.92 = 2.7 kN/m
Cl. 3.5.3.7 Loads on supporting beam
From slab design n = 10.18 kN/m2
For the purpose of manual calculation take 4 span at the middle.

Span
3

Plan
ly = 8000 = 1
lx
8000

27 x 2 = 54 kN/m

Table 3.15

vx = 0.33
vy = 0.33

Vsy = Vsx = 0.33 x 10.18 x 8 = 27 kN/m

Both sides V = 27 x 2 = 54 kN/m

Span 4-3
4

Plan

ly = 8000 = 2
lx 4000

Vsx = 0.5 x 10.18 x 4 = 20.36 kN/m

Both sides V = 20.36 x 2 = 41 kN/m
5

ly
lx

= 4000 = 1
4000

vx = 0.33

Span 2A 2
Similar to span 3 2A
6

Vsx = 0.33 x 10.18 x 4 = 13.44

Both sides V = 13.44 x 2 = 27 kN/m

Loading Diagram

DF4-5

EC/8 =
EC + EC
8
8
DF 4-3 = 0.5

EC x 8 = 0.5
8 x 2EC

DF3-4 = EC/8 = EC x 8 = 0.33

EC + EC
8 x 3EC
8
4
DF3 2A = 1 0.33 = 0.67
DF2A-3 = EC/4
= EC x 4
= 0.5
EC + EC
4 x 2EC
4
4
DF2A-2 = 0.5
FEM = wl2/12 + 0.754 wl2

FEM5-4 =

2.7 (8)2 + 0.0754 (54) (8)2

12
=

14.4 + 260.6 = 275 k Nm

FEM4-5 =

- 275 kNm

FEM4-3 =

14.4 + 0.0754 (41) (8)2

14.4 + 197.8 = 212.2 kNm

FEM3-4 =

- 212.2 kNm

FEM3-2A =

2.7 (4)2 + 0.0754 (27) (4)2

12

3.6 + 32.6 = 36.2 kNm

FEM2A-3 =

- 36.2 kNm

FEM2A-2 =

+ 36.2 kNm

FEM2-2A =

- 36.2 kNm

.5

.5

.33

2A

.67

+276

-275

+212.2

-212.2

36.2

- 36.2

+15.7

+31.4

+31.4

+ 58.1

+117.9

+ 69.0

+29.0

+ 15.7

- 14.5

- 5.2

- 10.5

- 2.6

-7.3

- 17.3

+ 1.3

+ 8.1

+ 16.5

- 7.3

- 14.5

+ 1.3

+ 4.0
- 1.0
+282.4

.5

- 2.0

-258.8

- 2.0

+258.8

.5
+36.2

-36.2

- 34.5

- 34.5

- 17.3

+ 2.7

+ 2.7

+1.3

- 4.1

- 4.1

- 2.0

- 0.2

+ 0.3

- 54. 2

+ 8.2
- 1.0

- 2.0

+ 1.0

+ 2.0

-142.8

+142.8

Individual Moment
Span 5 - 4

R5 = R4 = 2.7 x 8 + 54 x 6 = 172.8
2
2
M5-1 = 172.8 x 1 2.7 (1)2 = 171.45 kN/m
2
M cL = 172.8 x 4 2.7 (4)2 - 54 (3)2 = 426.6 kNm
2
2
Span 4 - 3
R4 = R3 = 2.7 x 8 + 41 x 6 = 134. 2 kN
2
2
M4.1 = 134.2 x 1 2.7 x 12 = 132.85 kNm
2
2
2
Mc
L = 134.2 x 4 2.7 (4) - 41 x 3 = 330.7 kNm
2
2

10

R3 = R2A = 2.7 x 4 + 2.7 x 3 = 45.9 kN

2
2
M3.1 = 45.9 x .5 2.7 (.5)2 = 22.6 kN/m
2
M cL = 45.9 x 2 2.7 (2)2 - 27(1.5)2 = 56 kNm
2
2
Span 2A 2
Similar to Span 3 2A

M2A.1 = 22.6 kNm

McL = 56 kNm
11

Individual Shear
Span 5 - 4

cL

V5
=
V5.1 =
V
=

172.8 kN
172.8 2.7 x 1 = 170.1 kN
172.8 2.7 x 4 = 54 x 3 = 0

Span 4 - 3
V4
=
V4.1 =

12

134.2 kN
134.2 2.7 x 1 = 131.5 kN

Span 3-2A
V3
=
V3.1 =

45.9 kN
45.9 2.7 x .5 = 44.55 kN

Span 2A-2
Similar to span 3-2A

13

BMD
Shear Span 5 - 4

+172.8

- 172.8

+282.4

+ 282.4

Shear Span 4-3

-258.8

+ 134.2

- 134.2

+ 258.8

+ 258.8

8
- 142.8
8
14

+ 148.7

8
- 142.8
8
- 119.7

8
+175.75

8
-258.8
8
- 169.86

Span 3 2A
3

2A

+ 45.9

- 45.9

+ 142.8

+ 142.8

+ 81.6

- 10.2

+ 45.9

- 45.9

- 54.2

- 54.2

Span 2A - 2

+ 32.36

15

- 59.5

SFD

Beam C/5A 1A
Size of beam 200 x 400
400

200
d

h cover link /2

400 30 10 25/2

347.5 mm

Assume link = 10 mm

= 25 mm

Design beam at Mid Span, M = 156 kN m

k

=
=
=

M
fcubd2
156 x 106
30 x 200 x 347.52
0.215 > 0.156

Design as doubly reinforced beam

16

=
=
=

z=
=
=

0.78 d
0.78 (347.5)
271.05 mm

cover + link + /2
30 + 10 + 25/2
52.5 mm

=
=
=

As =
=
=

17

d (0.5 + (0.25 k )
0.9
d (0.5 + (0.25 0.156)
0.9
0.78 d

(k-k)fcubd2
0.95 fy (d-d)
(0.215 0.156)(30)(200)(347.5) 2
0.95(460)(347.5 52.5)
332 mm2

(12)2 = 113 mm2

4
Provide 3 T12
As
=
339 mm2
Area

As

kfcubd2 + As
0.95fyz
=
0.156(30)(200)(347.5)2 + 332
0.95 (450)(271.05)
=
954 + 332 = 1286 mm2
Area, (25)2 = 491 mm2
4
Provide 3T25, As = 1473 mm2
Design beam at support, M 282.4 kNm
k

18

M
fcubd2
=
282.4 x 106
(30)(200)(347.5)2
=
0.39 > 0.156
Compression reinforcement is required.

d(0.5 + (0.25 k)
0.9
=
d (0.5 + (0.25 0.156)
0.9
=
0.78 d
=
0.78 d
= 0.78 (347.5)
=
271.05 mm
=

=
=
=

As

Cover + link + /2
30 + 10 + 25/2
52.5 mm

(k k)fcubd2
0.95 fy (d d)
=
(0.39 0.156)(30)(200)(347.5)2
0.95 (460)(347.5 52.5)
=
1315 mm2
Provide 3T25, As = 1473 mm2

19

kfcubd2 + As
0.95 fyz
=
0.156 (30)(200)(437.5) + 1315
0.95 (460) (271.05)
=
954 + 1315 = 2269 mm
Provide 5T25, As = 2455 mm2
As

Check max reinforcement

100 x As < 4%
bh
=
100 x 2455 = 3.1 < 4
200 x 400
------------ OK

20

Shear Reinforcement
Vmax
=
175.8 kN
Shear stress, v = V
bd
= 175.8 x 103
200 x 347.5
= 2.53 N/mm2
100As =
100 (2455) = 3.53
bd
200 x 347.5

Table 3.9 vc

by interpolation,
=
(0.98 0.91) x 52.5 + 0.91
100
=
0.947 N/mm2
v - vc
= 2.53 0.947
=
1.583 N/mm2
(vc + 0.4) < v<0.8fcu or 5 N/mm2
<0.8 fcu or 5 N/mm2
1.347 <2.53 <0.8 x 30 = (4.38)

Asv =
Sv
=

bv(v vc)
0.95fyv
200 (1.583)
0.95 (250)
=
1.33
Asv
= 2 x (10)2 = 157.1 mm2
4
Sv
= 157.1 = 118 mm
1.33
Provide R10 120 mm </<
21

300

347.5

400

Deflection (At centre span 5 4)

fs
=
2fyAsreq
3 Asprov
=
2(460)(1286)
3(1473)
=
268 N/mm2
M
bd2

156 x 106
200 x 347.52

M.F

=
=
=

0.55 + [(477 fs) / (120 x (0;9 + M/bd2))]

0.55 + [(477 268) / (120 x (0.9 + 6.46))]
0.55 + 0.24 = 0.79

Actual span/d =

= 6.46

8000 = 23
347.5
Allowable span/d = 26 x 0.79 = 20.54
Actual span/d > Allowable span/d
Fail in Deflection

22

 Increase the size of beam to 250 x 500 mm

d
=
=

=
500 cover link /2
500 30 10 25/2
447.5 mm

M =
bd2

156 x 106= 3.12

250 x 447.52

M.F
=

=
0.55 + [(477 268)/(120 x (0.9 + 3.12))]
0.55 + 0.433 =
0.983

Allowable span/d = 36 x 0.983 =

Actual span/d
= 8000
=
447.5
Actual span/d < Allowable span/d
17.88 < 25.56
Deflection ------- OK
23

25.56
17.88

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

Span 2A 2, support Moment M

k

=
=

=
=

=
Take =
As

54.2 kNm

M = 54.2 x 106
fcubd2
30x250x447.52
0.036 < 0.156
Design as singly reinforced beam.

d{ 0.5 + (0.25 k )}

0.9
{0.5 + (0.25 0.036)} d
0.9
0.958 d
0.95 d = 0.95 x 447.5 = 425.13 mm

M =
54.2 x 106
0.87fy 0.87x460x425.13
As =
319 mm2
Check min reinforcement As min =
100
Asmin

0.26 x 250 x 500 = 325 mm2

100
As = As min = 325 mm2
Provide 3T12, As = 339 mm2 (T)
35

0.26 x bh

Bottom reinforcement
Provide 3T12, As = 339 mm2 (B)
Shear V =
Shear stress,

100As
bd

vc

59.45 kN
V = V = 59.45 x 103
bd
250 x 447.5
V = 0.53 N/mm2

= 100 (339) =
250 x 447.5

0.3

= (0.5 0.4) x 0.05 + 0.4

(0.5 0.25)
= 0.45 N/mm2
0.5vc
= 0.21 N/m2
vc + 0.4 = 0.82 N/m2
0.5vc < v < vc + 0.4
0.21 < 0.53 < 0.82
min link

36

Asv 04 bvsv =
0.87fyv

0.4 x 250 x Sv
0.87 x 250

0.46 Sv

Say Sv = 250
Asv 0.46 x 250 =
use sv
Asv

=
=

115 mm2

10 mm
2(10)2 = 157.1 mm2
4

Provide R10 250 mm </<

37

Conclusion
Span 5 4 (Beam size 250 x 500)
Support 5

Manual

Computer

Use

- 282.4 kNm

- 251.5 kNm

Top
Reinforcement

5T25

4T25

5T25

Bottom
Reinforcement

3T25

2T20

3T25

Shear Force

175.8 kN

183.4 kN

Shear
Reinforcement

R10-120

R10-125

R10-125

Moment

38

Mid Span 5 4

Manual

Computer

Use

156 kNm

224 kN

Top
Reinforcement

3T12

4T12

4T12

Bottom
Reinforcement

3T25

4T25

4T25

R10-120

R10-125

R10-125

Moment

Shear Force
Shear
Reinforcement

39

Support

Manual

Computer

Use

- 54.2 kNm

- 45.3 kNm

Top
Reinforcement

3T12

2T16

3T12

Bottom
Reinforcement

3T12

2T12

3T12

Shear Force

59.45 kN

59.5 kN

Shear
Reinforcement

R10-250

R10-250

R10-250

Moment

40

Support ,

, &

Top Reinforcement
Bottom Reinforcement
Shear Reinforcement

5T 25
3T25
R10 125

Support 5A 2A &
Top Reinforcement
Bottom Reinforcement
Shear Reinforcement

Mid Span

-, - , 5A -

Top Reinforcement
Bottom Reinforcement
Shear Reinforcement
Mid Span - 2A & 2A Top Reinforcement
Bottom Reinforcement
Shear Reinforcement
41

3T12
3T12
R10 - 250

4T12
4T25
R10 - 125

3T12
3T12
R10 - 250