IP RAN Description (2008!07!30)

RAN
IP RAN Description
Issue Date
02 2008-07-30
Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. provides customers with comprehensive technical support and service. For any assistance, please contact our local office or company headquarters.
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Address: Huawei Industrial Base Bantian, Longgang Shenzhen 518129 People's Republic of China Website: Email: http://www.huawei.com support@huawei.com
Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2008. All rights reserved.

No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written consent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Trademarks and Permissions

and other Huawei trademarks are trademarks of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this document are the property of their respective holders.
Notice
The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in the preparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information, and recommendations in this document do not constitute the warranty of any kind, express or implied.
RAN IP RAN Description
Contents
Contents
1 IP RAN Change History ...........................................................................................................1-1 2 IP RAN Introduction .................................................................................................................2-1 3 IP RAN Principles......................................................................................................................3-1
3.1 IP RAN Application Scenarios......................................................................................................................3-1 3.1.1 Iub over TDM Network .......................................................................................................................3-1 3.1.2 Iub over IP Network.............................................................................................................................3-2 3.1.3 Iub over Hybrid IP Transport Network ................................................................................................3-3 3.1.4 Iub over IP/ATM Network ...................................................................................................................3-4 3.1.5 Iu/Iur over IP Network .........................................................................................................................3-5 3.2 IP RAN Protocol Stacks ................................................................................................................................3-5 3.2.1 Protocol Stack of Iub (over IP) ............................................................................................................3-5 3.2.2 Protocol Stack of Hybrid Iub (over IP /TM) ......................................................................................3-10 3.2.3 Protocol Stack of Iu-CS (over IP) ......................................................................................................3-13 3.2.4 Protocol Stack of Iu-PS (over IP).......................................................................................................3-14 3.2.5 Protocol Stack of Iur (over IP) ...........................................................................................................3-15 3.2.6 Protocols of Data Link Layer.............................................................................................................3-16 3.3 IP Addresses and Routes of IP RAN ...........................................................................................................3-17 3.3.1 Two Networking Types on the Iub/Iur/Iu-CS/Iu-PS Interfaces ..........................................................3-17 3.3.2 Route on the Iub/Iur/Iu-CS/Iu-PS Interface .......................................................................................3-19 3.3.3 IP Addresses for SCTP Links and IP Paths Between RNC and NodeB .............................................3-19 3.4 IP RAN QoS................................................................................................................................................3-20 3.4.1 Admission Control and Congestion Control ......................................................................................3-21 3.4.2 Differentiated Service ........................................................................................................................3-21 3.4.3 PQ and RL .........................................................................................................................................3-21 3.5 IP RAN VLAN............................................................................................................................................3-22 3.5.1 Ensuring Security...............................................................................................................................3-22 3.5.2 Providing Priority Service..................................................................................................................3-23 3.6 IP RAN FP-Mux..........................................................................................................................................3-24 3.7 IP RAN Header Compression .....................................................................................................................3-25 3.7.1 ACFC .................................................................................................................................................3-25 3.7.2 PFC ....................................................................................................................................................3-25 3.7.3 IPHC ..................................................................................................................................................3-25
Issue 02 (2008-07-30)
Contents
3.8 IP RAN Redundancy ...................................................................................................................................3-26 3.8.1 Single-Homing Layer 3 Networking..................................................................................................3-26 3.8.2 Dual-Homing Layer 3 Networking ....................................................................................................3-26 3.8.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of the Networking............................................................................3-27 3.8.4 Configuration on the RNC Side .........................................................................................................3-27 3.8.5 Fault Detection...................................................................................................................................3-28 3.9 IP RAN Load Sharing .................................................................................................................................3-28 3.9.1 Load Sharing Layer 3 Networking.....................................................................................................3-28 3.9.2 Advantage and Disadvantage of the Networking ...............................................................................3-29 3.9.3 Configuration on the RNC Side .........................................................................................................3-29 3.10 IP RAN DHCP ..........................................................................................................................................3-29 3.11 IP RAN Transport Capabilities..................................................................................................................3-30 3.11.1 RNC IP Transport Capabilities.........................................................................................................3-30 3.11.2 BBU IP Transport Capabilities.........................................................................................................3-31 3.11.3 Macro NodeB IP Transport Capabilities ..........................................................................................3-32
4 IP RAN Parameters ....................................................................................................................4-1 5 IP RAN Reference Documents ................................................................................................5-1
ii
Issue 02 (2008-07-30)
1 IP RAN Change History
1
Document and Product Versions
Document Version 02 (2008-07-30) 01 (2008-05-30) 10.0 10.0
IP RAN Change History
IP RAN Change History provides information on the changes between different document versions.
RAN Version
RNC Version V200R010C01B061 V200R010C01B051
NodeB Version V100R010C01B050 V200R010C01B041 V100R010C01B049 V200R010C01B040
Draft (2008-03-20)
10.0
V200R010C01B050
V100R010C01B045
There are two types of changes, which are defined as follows: Feature change: refers to the change in the IP RAN feature of a specific product version. Editorial change: refers to the change in information that was already included or the addition of information that was not described in the previous version.
02 (2008-07-30)
This is the document for the second commercial release of RAN10.0. Compared with 01 (2008-05-30) of RAN10.0, issue 02 (2008-07-30) of RAN10.0 incorporates the changes described in the following table. Change Type Feature change Change Description More information about NodeB Iub interface boards is added. For details, see chapter 2 "IP RAN Introduction", and section 3.1 "IP RAN Application Scenarios". Parameter Change None.
Issue 02 (2008-07-30)
1-1
Change Type
Change Description The description of IP addresses for SCTP links and IP paths for NodeB V200R010 is added to section 3.3 IP Addresses and Routes of IP RAN. None.
Parameter Change None.
The parameters modified are listed as follows: Signalling link model is modified to Signalling link mode. IU trans bearer type is modified to IU transfers bearer type. Next hop IP address is modified to Forward route address. IP Address is modified to NodeB IP_TRANS IP address and NodeB ATM_TRANS IP address. IP Head compress is modified to IP Header Compress. MCPPP is modified to Multi Class PPP. Bear Type(ADD IUBCP) is modified to NCP/CCP Bearing Type.
None.
The parameters added are listed as follows: IUB trans bearer type IP Trans Apart Ind Backup port IP address Backup port mask Backup port gateway IP address Signal Priority
A parameter list is added. See chapter 4 IP RAN Parameters. Editorial change None.
None. None.
01 (2008-05-30)
This is the document for the first commercial release of RAN10.0. Compared with draft (2008-03-20) of RAN10.0, issue 01 (2008-05-30) of RAN10.0 incorporates the changes described in the following table.
1-2
Issue 02 (2008-07-30)
Change Type Feature change
Change Description IP transport capabilities of DBS3900 and iDBS3900 are added to 3.11 IP RAN Transport Capabilities. Information of NodeB V200R010C01B040 is added to 2 IP RAN Introduction. The parameter is changed in 3.8 IP RAN Redundancy.
Parameter Change None.
None.
The renamed parameters are listed as follows: Times of out-time of BFD packet is modified to detect multiplier of BFD packet.
The parameter is changed in 3.6 IP RAN FP-Mux.
The changed parameter is listed as follows: Mux package number is changed to Maximum Frame Length.
None.
The parameters that are changed to be non-configurable are listed as follows: IUB trans bearer type IP Trans Apart Ind IUR trans bearer type Address and control field compress Address & Control Field Compress Protocol field compress (NodeB) Protocol field compress (RNC) VLAN Tag (NodeB) Signaling priority (NodeB) Backup port IP address Backup port mask Backup port gateway IP address ARP packet out-time ARP packet resend times
Editorial change
General documentation change: The IP RAN Parameters is removed because of the creation of RAN10.0 parameter reference. The structure is optimized.
None.
Issue 02 (2008-07-30)
1-3
Draft (2008-03-20)
This is a draft of the document for the first commercial release of RAN10.0. Compared with issue 03 (2008-01-20) of RAN 6.1, this issue incorporates the changes described in the following table. Change Type Feature change Change Description The port backup mode is changed in 1.3.8 IP RAN Redundancy. Parameter Change The following parameters are deleted:
Slot 14 interface board type 14 interface board Backup type The following parameters are added: Board type Backup Port No.
The fault detection is added in 1.3.8 IP RAN Redundancy.
The following parameters are added:
Check type Port work mode Min interval of BFD packet send [ms] Min interval of BFD packet receive [ms] Times of out-time of BFD packet ARP packet out-time ARP packet resend times
The IP interface boards POUa and UOIa are added in 1.2.1 IP RAN Introduction. IP RAN FP-Mux is added in 1.3.6 IP RAN FP-Mux.
None
The following parameters are added:
FPMUX flag Max subframe length Mux package length FPTIME
The configuration on the RNC side is changed in 1.3.9 IP RAN Load Sharing.
The following parameter is deleted:
14 interface board Backup type The following parameter is added: Backup
1-4
Issue 02 (2008-07-30)
Change Type
Change Description In Protocol Stack of Iub (over IP), the NCP/CCP Bearing Type parameter in the ADD IUBCP command is renamed as Bear Type. The SET OMCH (BTS3812E, BTS3812AE, BBU3806, BBU3806C) command is changed to ADD OMCH (BTS3812E, BTS3812AE, BBU3806, BBU3806C).
Parameter Change The following parameter is deleted:
NCP/CCP Bearing Type The following parameter is added: Bear Type
Editorial change
General documentation change: Implementation information has been moved to a separate document. Transport Security of IP RAN is merged into 1.3.5 IP RAN VLAN
None
None
Issue 02 (2008-07-30)
1-5
2 IP RAN Introduction
2
IP Interface Boards
IP RAN Introduction
The IP Radio Access Network (RAN) feature enables IP transport on the Iub, Iur, and Iu interfaces. This makes it possible for the operators to use their existing IP networks in a larger and more flexible capacity. In this way, network deployment costs are reduced. The most widely used data communication networks are based on IP transport. Apart from being more economical than the Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) network, the IP networks offer multiple access modes and provide enough transmission bandwidth for high speed data services, such as High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA).
To implement the IP RAN feature, the RNC and the NodeB must be configured with the related IP interface boards. The IP interface boards are as follows: IP interface boards for the RNC

PEUa FG2a GOUa UOIa POUa The HBBU of earlier versions provides Fast Ethernet (FE) ports. Therefore, no hardware change is necessary. The BTS3812E and the BTS3812AE require the Universal Transport Interface Unit (NUTI) board. The NUTI board provides eight E1/T1 ports and two FE ports. The WMPT board provides 4 E1/T1 ports and 2 FE ports, the UTRP board provides 8 E1/T1 ports.
IP interface board for the NodeB
Numbering Schemes
Numbering schemes are used for this feature for FE, GE and E1/T1 ports of the NodeB and the RNC, and for the RNC Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) links. Numbering Scheme for FE, GE and E1/T1 Ports
Issue 02 (2008-07-30)
2-1
Table 2-1 describes the numbering scheme for the FE, GE, and E1/T1 ports on the NodeB and the RNC. Table 2-1 Numbering scheme for the FE, GE and E1/T1 ports on the NodeB and the RNC Board RNC PEUa FG2a Port Type and Number E1/T1: 0 to 31 FE: 0 to 7 Electrical GE: 0 to 1 (corresponding to 0 and 3 of the FE port number). GOUa UOIa POUa Optical GE: 0 to 1 Unchannelized optical STM-1/OC-3c: 0 to 3 E1: 0 to 125 T1: 0 to 167 NodeB NUTI FE: 0 to 1 E1/T1: 0 to 7 BBU FE: 0 to 1 E1/T1: 0 to 7 WMPT FE: 0 to 1 E1/T1: 0 to 3 UTRP E1/T1: 0 to 7
NOTE: BBU = Baseband Unit
Numbering Scheme for RNC PPP Links The numbering scheme that corresponds to the PEUa, POUa, and UOIa for PPP links at the RNC is as follows: PEUa: 0 to 127 POUa: 0 to 167 UOIa: 0 to 3 Numbering Scheme for NodeB PPP Links The numbering scheme that corresponds to the HBBU, NUTI, WMPT, and UTRP for PPP links at the NodeB is as follows: HBBU: 0 to 15 NUTI: 0 to 15 WMPT: 0 to 7 UTRP: 0 to 15
2-2
Issue 02 (2008-07-30)
Impact
Impact on System Performance This feature has no impact on system performance. Impact on Other Features This feature has no impact on other features.
Network Elements Involved

Table 2-2 describes the Network Elements (NEs) involved in IP RAN. Table 2-2 NEs involved in IP RAN UE NodeB RNC MSC Server MGW SGSN GGSN HLR
NOTE: : not involved : involved UE = User Equipment, RNC = Radio Network Controller, MSC = Mobile Service Switching Center, MGW = Media Gateway, SGSN = Serving GPRS Support Node, GGSN = Gateway GPRS Support Node, HLR = Home Location Register
Issue 02 (2008-07-30)
2-3
3 IP RAN Principles
3
The following lists the contents of this chapter. IP RAN Application Scenarios IP RAN Protocol Stacks IP Addresses and Routes of IP RAN IP RAN QoS IP RAN VLAN IP RAN FP-Mux IP RAN Header Compression IP RAN Redundancy IP RAN Load Sharing IP RAN DHCP IP RAN Transport Capabilities
IP RAN Principles
3.1 IP RAN Application Scenarios

The IP RAN application scenarios consist of: Iub over Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) Network Iub over IP Network Iub over hybrid IP transport Network Iub over IP/ATM Network Iu/Iur over IP Network.
3.1.1 Iub over TDM Network

Figure 3-1 shows the TDM networking mode.
Issue 02 (2008-07-30)
3-1
3 IP RAN Principles
Figure 3-1 TDM networking mode
In the TDM networking mode, the RNC uses the PEUa and POUa as the Iub interface boards, and the NodeB uses the HBBU, NUTI, WMPT, and UTRP as the Iub interface boards. The RNC and NodeBs support IP over E1/T1, which is based on Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH) or Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH). The TDM network ensures the reliability, security, and QoS of the Iub interface data transmission, but the costs of E1 transport are relatively high.
3.1.2 Iub over IP Network

Figure 3-2 shows the IP networking mode. Figure 3-2 IP networking mode
In the IP networking mode: The FG2a or GOUa board of the RNC serves as the Iub interface board and supports board backup, FE/GE port backup, or FE/GE port load sharing. The HBBU, NUTI, or WMPT board of the NodeB serves as the Iub interface board, and the NodeB is connected to the IP network through FE port. The IP network can be any of the following types: Layer 2 network, for example, metropolitan area Ethernet and VPLS
3-2
Issue 02 (2008-07-30)
3 IP RAN Principles
Layer 3 network, for example, IP/MPLS/VPN Multi-Service Transmission Platform (MSTP) network
3.1.3 Iub over Hybrid IP Transport Network

Figure 3-3 shows the hybrid IP networking mode. Figure 3-3 Hybrid networking mode
In this networking mode: The PEUa/POUa and FG2a/GOUa boards of the RNC serve as the Iub interface boards and support FG2a/GOUa board backup, FE/GE port backup, or FE/GE port load sharing. The POUa supports the board with Multiplex Section Protection (MSP) backup mode, and port wih MSP backup mode. The NodeB is connected to the IP network through FE port and uses the HBBU, NUTI or WMPT as the Iub interface board. The NodeB is connected to the TDM network through E1/T1 port and uses the HBBU, NUTI, UTRP, or WMPT as the Iub interface board. In Hybrid IP transport, services with different QoS requirements can be transmitted in different paths. The two paths from the RNC to the NodeB are connected to two different networks through different ports, or through the same port that is connected to the external data equipment according to Differentiated Service Code Point (DSCP). Low QoS network (IP network, such as Ethernet) The PS interactive and background services that have low QoS are carried on the low QoS network. When the bandwidth of the low QoS network is limited, low QoS services are carried on the high QoS network. High QoS network (TDM network, such as PDH and SDH) The control plane data, Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, common channel data, Circuit Switched (CS) services, Packet Switched (PS) conversational services, and streaming services are carried on the high QoS network. When the bandwidth of the high QoS network is limited, the RNC reduces the rate of the low QoS services that are carried on the high QoS network, or the RNC rejects the access of high QoS services if no low QoS services are carried on the high QoS network.
Issue 02 (2008-07-30)
3-3
3 IP RAN Principles
The hybrid transport network is flexible in terms of meeting different QoS requirements, but it is complicated to manage.
3.1.4 Iub over IP/ATM Network

With the development of data services, especially with the introduction of High Speed Packet Access (HSPA), the Iub interface has an increasing demand for the bandwidth. A single ATM network has high costs. IP transport saves the transmission cost but provides a lower guarantee of QoS than ATM transport does. Therefore, the ATM/IP networking mode is introduced. Services with different QoS requirements are transmitted on different types of network. Figure 3-4 shows the ATM/IP networking mode. Figure 3-4 ATM/IP networking mode
The ATM/IP networking mode allows hybrid transport of services with different QoS requirements. High QoS services, such as voice services, streaming services, and signaling, are transmitted on the ATM network. Low QoS services, such as PS Best Effort (BE) services, are transmitted on the IP network. The ATM and IP interface boards of the RNC must be configured to support this networking mode. The ATM interface board can be the AEUa, AOUa, or UOIa. The IP interface board can be the FG2a, GOUa, UOIa, POUa, or PEUa. The RNC is connected to the ATM network through the E1/T1 or STM-1 port. The RNC is connected to the IP network through the FE/GE port. The NodeB is connected to the ATM/IP networks through the ATM and IP interface boards respectively. The ATM interface board can be the HBBU, NUTI, or WMPT. The IP interface board can be the HBBU, NUTI, WMPT or UTRP. The NodeB is connected to the high QoS ATM network through E1/T1 port. The NodeB is connected to the low QoS IP network through FE port.
The NodeB cannot be connected to both the ATM network and the IP network simultaneously through E1/T1 ports on the same board.
In the ATM/IP network, the ATM network ensures the QoS, while the IP network reduces the transmission costs and fulfills the requirement of high-speed data services for high bandwidth on the Iub interface. On the other hand, the ATM/IP network requires the maintenance of both the ATM and the IP networks; thus the maintenance is more complex and expensive.
3-4
Issue 02 (2008-07-30)
3 IP RAN Principles
3.1.5 Iu/Iur over IP Network

Figure 3-5 shows the Iu/Iur networking mode. Figure 3-5 Iu/Iur over IP network
In this networking mode, the FG2a, GOUa, or UOIa board of the RNC serves as the Iu or Iur interface board and supports board backup, FE/GE port backup, or FE/GE port load sharing. The IP network can be any of the following three types: Layer 2 network, for example, metropolitan area Ethernet and VPLS Layer 3 network, for example, IP/MPLS VPN Multi-Service Transmission Platform (MSTP) network
3.2 IP RAN Protocol Stacks

The IP RAN protocol stacks consist of: Protocol Stack of Iub (over IP) Protocol Stack of Hybrid Iub (over IP /TM) Protocol Stack of Iu-CS (over IP) Protocol Stack of Iu-PS (over IP) Protocol Stack of Iur (over IP) Protocols of Data Link Layer
3.2.1 Protocol Stack of Iub (over IP)

The protocol stack of Iub (over IP) is the Iub IP protocol. Data transmission on the Iub interface is based on the IP transport.
Issue 02 (2008-07-30)
3-5
3 IP RAN Principles
Figure 3-6 Protocol stack of Iub (over IP)
Figure 3-6 shows the protocol stack of Iub (over IP). The control plane data is carried on the SCTP link. The user plane data is carried on the IP path. The data link layer can use IP over E1/T1, IP over Ethernet, IP over E1/T1 over SDH, or IP over SDH.
Transport Mode Configuration on the RNC Side

To support Iub (over IP), associated parameters are configured as follows: The IUB trans bearer type parameter is set to IP_TRANS. The IP Trans Apart Ind parameter is set to SUPPORT or NOT_SUPPORT to specify whether the hybrid IP transport is applied. The Adjacent Node Type parameter is set to IUB. The Transport Type parameter is set to IP.
Transport Mode Configuration on the NodeB Side

If E1/T1 is used for transport on the NodeB side, the Bearing Mode parameter for E1/T1 must be set to IPV4.
IP Path
An IP path is a group of connections between the RNC and the NodeB. An Iub interface has at least one IP path. It is recommended that more than one IP path be planned.
3-6
Issue 02 (2008-07-30)
3 IP RAN Principles
IP Path Configuration on the RNC Side

The parameters for establishing an IP path on the RNC side are as follows:
Local IP address Peer IP address Peer subnet mask IP path type DSCP
IP Path Configuration on the NodeB Side

The parameters for establishing an IP path on the NodeB side are as follows:
Port Type NodeB IP address RNC IP address Traffic Type Differentiated Services Code Point
SCTP Link
An SCTP link carries signaling messages on the Iub interface. The signaling messages carried on the SCTP link are classified into NCP and CCP, as described in Table 3-1. Table 3-1 Signaling messages carried on SCTP links Type NCP CCP Description An NCP carries common process messages of NBAP over the Iub interface. An Iub interface has only one NCP. A CCP carries dedicated process messages of NBAP over the Iub interface. An Iub interface may have multiple CCPs. The number of CCPs depends on network planning.
NOTE: NCP = NodeB Control Port, CCP = Communication Control Port
The Signalling link mode of an SCTP link can be SERVER or CLIENT.
SCTP Link Configuration on the RNC side

Iub control plane data is carried on the SCTP link. An SCTP endpoint can use two local addresses, but these two must use the same port number. This mechanism is called multi-homing. In Iub IP transport, the Signalling link mode parameter has to be set to SERVER when you configure an SCTP link on the RNC side. The other parameters for establishing an SCTP link on the RNC side are as follows:
Issue 02 (2008-07-30)
3-7
3 IP RAN Principles
First local IP address Second local IP address First destination IP address Second destination IP address Local SCTP port No. Destination SCTP port No.
The second local IP address and the second peer IP address must be configured together.
NCP and CCP Configuration on the RNC Side

On the RNC side, the NodeB Control Port (NCP) link and Communication Control Port (CCP) link are carried on the SCTP link. That is, the Bearing link type parameter has to be set to SCTP. The parameters for establishing the NCP link and CCP link are as follows:
SCTP link No. Bearing link type
SCTP Link Configuration on the NodeB Side

The parameters for establishing an SCTP link on the NodeB side are as follows:
Local IP address Second Local IP address Peer IP address Second Peer IP address Local SCTP Port Peer SCTP Port
NCP and CCP Configuration on the NodeB Side

On the NodeB side, the NCP link and CCP link are carried on the SCTP link. That is, the NCP/CCP Bearing Type parameter has to be set to IPV4.
OM Channel
OM channel is used to maintain and configure the NodeB remotely. There are two methods to configure routes for the OM channel on the Iub interface: Configuring routes between the M2000 and the NodeB through the RNC. Configuring routes between the M2000 and the NodeB not through the RNC. Figure 3-7 shows an example of configuring routes between the M2000 and the NodeB through the RNC.
3-8
Issue 02 (2008-07-30)
3 IP RAN Principles
Figure 3-7 Example of configuring routes between the M2000 and the NodeB through the RNC
Figure 3-7 takes layer 2 networking on the Iub interface as an example. When layer 3 networking is applied to the Iub interface, the IP interface board and the NodeB communicate through a router.
If the OM subnet where the M2000 is located is connected to the IP network that covers the NodeB, the routes can be configured between the M2000 and the NodeB not through the RNC. Figure 3-8 shows an example of configuring routes between the M2000 and the NodeB not through the RNC. Figure 3-8 Example of configuring routes between the M2000 and the NodeB not through the RNC
OM Channel Configuration on the RNC Side

For detailed information about the OM channel configuration on the RNC side, see 3.10 IP RAN DHCP.
OM Channel Configuration on the NodeB Side

The parameters for establishing an OM channel on the NodeB side are as follows:
Local IP Address Local IP Mask
Issue 02 (2008-07-30)
3-9
3 IP RAN Principles
Peer IP address Peer IP Mask Bear Type
Other Data Configuration on the RNC Side and NodeB Side

To enable Iub (over IP) transport, the other data (such as the physical layer data, data link layer data, mapping between transmission and traffic, and factor table) has to be configured. For detailed information about these configurations, refer to the RNC Initial Configuration Guide and the NodeB Initial Configuration Guide.
3.2.2 Protocol Stack of Hybrid Iub (over IP /TM)

In hybrid Iub transmission (over IP/ATM), data transmission on the Iub interface is based on both ATM transport and IP transport. Figure 3-9 Protocol stack of Iub (over IP/ATM)
Figure 3-9 shows the protocol stack of Iub (over IP/ATM). With the introduction of Iub (over IP/ATM), the data between RNC and NodeB can be transmitted on two networks: ATM network and IP network. On the ATM network

Iub control plane data is carried on the SAAL link. Iub user plane data is carried on the AAL2 path. Iub control plane data is carried on the SCTP link.
On the IP network
3-10
Issue 02 (2008-07-30)
3 IP RAN Principles
Iub user plane data is carried on the IP path.

To support Iub (over ATM/IP), associated parameters are configured as follows: The IUB trans bearer type parameter is set to ATMANDIP_TRANS. The Adjacent Node Type parameter is set to IUB. The Transport Type parameter is set to ATM_IP.
IP Path and SCTP Link Configuration on the RNC and NodeB Sides
The parameters for IP path and SCTP link on the RNC and NodeB sides are similar to those for Iub (over IP). For detailed information, see 3.2.1 Protocol Stack of Iub (over IP).
AAL2 Path
An AAL2 path is a group of connections between the RNC and the NodeB. An Iub interface has at least one AAL2 path. It is recommended more than one AAL2 path be planned. An AAL2 path is carried on a PVC. The PVC identifier (VPI/VCI) and other attributes of the PVC must be negotiated between the RNC and the NodeB.
AAL2 Path Configuration on the RNC Side

The parameters for establishing an AAL2 path on the RNC side are as follows:
Adjacent node ID AAL2 path ID

For detailed information about AAL2 path resources, see ATM Transmission Resources.
AAL2 Path Configuration on the NodeB Side

The parameters for establishing an AAL2 path on the NodeB side are as follows:
AAL2 path ID Node Type Path Type
SAAL Link of User Network Interface (UNI) Type

An SAAL link of UNI type carries signaling messages on the Iub interface. The signaling messages carried on the SAAL links are categorized into NCP, CCP, and ALCAP, as described in Table 3-2: Table 3-2 The type of the signaling messages carried on the SAAL links Type NCP Description An NCP carries common process messages of NBAP over the Iub interface. The Iub interface has only one NCP.
Issue 02 (2008-07-30)
3-11
3 IP RAN Principles
Type CCP
Description A CCP carries dedicated process messages of NBAP over the Iub interface. The Iub interface may have multiple CCPs. The number of CCPs depends on network planning. The ALCAP is also called Q.AAL2. Typically, the Iub interface has one ALCAP.
ALCAP
An SAAL link of UNI type is carried on a PVC. The PVC identifier (VPI/VCI) and other attributes of the PVC must be negotiated between the RNC and the NodeB.
SAAL Link Configuration on the RNC Side

The parameters for establishing an SAAL link on the RNC side are described as follows:
Interface type Bearing VPI Bearing VCI
NCP and CCP Configuration on the RNC Side

It is recommended that all Iub control plane data be carried on the ATM network when Iub is carried on both ATM and IP. In this case, Bearing link type of the NCP and CCP should be set to SAAL.
Bearing link type SAAL link No.
SAAL Link Configuration on the NodeB Side

The parameters for establishing an SAAL link on the NodeB side are as follows:
Bearing VPI Bearing VCI
NCP and CCP Configuration on the NodeB Side

It is recommended that all Iub control plane data be carried on the ATM network when Iub is carried on both ATM and IP. In this case, NCP/CCP Bearing Type of the NCP and CCP should be set to ATM.
OM Channel Configuration on the RNC and NodeB Sides

The parameters for OM channel on the RNC side and NodeB side are similar to those for Iub (over IP). For detailed information, see 3.2.1 Protocol Stack of Iub (over IP).
Other Data Configuration on the RNC and NodeB Sides

To enable Iub (over ATM/IP) transport, the other data (such as the physical layer data, data link layer data, mapping between transmission and traffic, and factor table) has to be
3-12
Issue 02 (2008-07-30)
3 IP RAN Principles
configured. For detailed information about these configurations, refer to the RNC Initial Configuration Guide and the NodeB Initial Configuration Guide.
3.2.3 Protocol Stack of Iu-CS (over IP)

The protocol stack of Iu-CS (over IP) is the Iu-CS IP protocol. Data transmission on the Iu-CS interface is based on the IP transport. Figure 3-10 Protocol stack of Iu-CS (over IP)
Figure 3-10 shows the protocol stack of Iu-CS (over IP). The control plane data is carried on the SCTP link. The user plane data is carried on the IP path.

To support Iu-CS (over IP), associated parameters are configured as follows: The CN domain ID parameter is set to CS_DOMAIN. The IU transfers bearer type parameter is set to IP_TRANS. The Adjacent Node Type parameter is set to IUCS. The Transport Type parameter is set to IP.

The parameters for IP path on the RNC side are similar to those for Iub (over IP). For details, see 3.2.1 Protocol Stack of Iub (over IP).
Issue 02 (2008-07-30)
3-13
3 IP RAN Principles
SCTP Link Configuration on the RNC Side

The parameters for SCTP link on the RNC side are similar to those for Iub (over IP). For details, see 3.2.1 Protocol Stack of Iub (over IP).
Other Data Configuration on the RNC Side

To enable Iu-CS (over IP) transport, the other data (such as the physical layer data, data link layer data, mapping between transmission and traffic, factor table, and data of M3UA) has to be configured. For details about these configurations, refer to the RNC Initial Configuration Guide.
3.2.4 Protocol Stack of Iu-PS (over IP)

The protocol stack of Iu-PS (over IP) is Iu-PS IP protocol. Data transmission on the Iu-PS interface is based on the IP transport. Figure 3-11 Protocol stack of Iu-PS (over IP)
Figure 3-11 shows the protocol stack of Iu-PS (over IP). The control plane data is carried on the SCTP link. The user plane data is carried on the IP path.

To support Iu-PS (over IP), associated parameters are configured as follows: The CN domain ID parameter is set to PS_DOMAIN. The IU transfers bearer type parameter is set to IP_TRANS. The Adjacent Node Type parameter is set to IUPS. The Transport Type parameter is set to IP.
3-14
Issue 02 (2008-07-30)
3 IP RAN Principles
The parameters for transport mode are similar to those for Iu-CS (over IP). For detailed information, see 3.2.3 Protocol Stack of Iu-CS (over IP).

The parameters for IP path on the RNC side are similar to those for Iub (over IP). For detailed information, see 3.2.1 Protocol Stack of Iub (over IP).

The parameters for SCTP link on the RNC side are similar to those for Iub (over IP). For detailed information, see 3.2.1 Protocol Stack of Iub (over IP)..

To enable Iu-PS (over IP) transport, the other data (such as the physical layer data, data link layer data, mapping between transmission and traffic, factor table, and data of M3UA) has to be configured. For detailed information about these configurations, refer to the RNC Initial Configuration Guide.
3.2.5 Protocol Stack of Iur (over IP)

The protocol stack of Iur (over IP) is Iur IP protocol. Data transmission on the Iur interface is based on the IP transport. Figure 3-12 Protocol stack of Iur (over IP)
Figure 3-12 shows the protocol stack of Iur (over IP), where: The control plane data is carried on the SCTP link. The user plane data is carried on the IP path.
Issue 02 (2008-07-30)
3-15
3 IP RAN Principles

To support Iur (over IP), associated parameters are configured as follows: The Iur Interface Existing Indication parameter is set to TRUE. The IUR trans bearer type parameter is set to IP_TRANS. The Adjacent Node Type parameter is set to IUR. The Transport Type parameter is set to IP.

The parameters for IP path on the RNC side are similar to those for Iub (over IP). For detailed information, see 3.2.1 Protocol Stack of Iub (over IP)..

The parameters for SCTP link on the RNC side are similar to those for Iub (over IP). For detailed information, see 3.2.1 Protocol Stack of Iub (over IP)..

To enable Iur (over IP) transport, the other data (such as the physical layer data, data link layer data, mapping between transmission and traffic, factor table, and data of M3UA) has to be configured. For detailed information about these configurations, refer to the RNC Initial Configuration Guide.
3.2.6 Protocols of Data Link Layer

The protocols at the data link layer consist of Ethernet, PPP/MLPPP, MCPPP, and PPPMux.
Ethernet
Ethernet is a standard that was jointly released by Digital Equipment Corp., Intel Corp., and Xerox in 1982. It is the most widely used Local Area Network (LAN) technology based on TCP/IP and CSMA/CD access method. The MAC addressing scheme of Ethernet helps to resolve the addressing problem of entities within the Ethernet. Each MAC address has 48 bits and the addresses are assigned worldwide under the same rule. The earliest Ethernet packet encapsulation format complies with Ethernet 802.3 defined by IEEE and the most common format now is Ethernet II specified by RFC0826. The NodeB and the RNC can transmit frames in Ethernet II format and receive frames in Ethernet 802.3 and Ethernet II formats.
PPP/MLPPP
The PPP provides standard methods for encapsulating the multi-protocol datagrams on point-to-point links. These datagrams consist of IP, IPX, and Apple Talk. MLPPP (MP) is used to combine multiple physical links into a logical link. Therefore, it provides a relatively high bandwidth and facilitates quick data transfer. MLPPP implementation is shown in Figure 3-13.
3-16
Issue 02 (2008-07-30)
3 IP RAN Principles
Figure 3-13 MLPPP implementation
MCPPP
MCPPP (MC) is an extension of the MLPPP protocol and provides more priorities. Packets with a higher priority can interrupt the transmission of those with a lower priority. The MC protocol is implemented in compliance with RFC2686. The bits, responsible for marking the priority of a packet, in the MLPPP header are not used in the MLPPP protocol. These bits are the two bits after the E flag bit in the short sequence, or the four bits after the E flag bit in the long sequence. Packets at each priority level have their own MLPPP mechanism, for example, independent sequence number and reassembly queue. The parameter on the RNC side is MLPPP type. The parameter on the NodeB side is Multi Class PPP.
PPPMux
PPPMux encapsulates multiple PPP frames (also called subframes) in a single PPPMux frame. The subframes in the PPPMux frame are distinguished by delimiters. PPPMux reduces PPP overhead per packet and improves bandwidth efficiency. PPPMux is implemented in compliance with RFC3153. The parameter on the RNC side is PPP mux. The parameter on the NodeB side is PPP MuxCP.
3.3 IP Addresses and Routes of IP RAN

This section describes the IP addresses and routes that are required for running an IP RAN network.
3.3.1 Two Networking Types on the Iub/Iur/Iu-CS/Iu-PS Interfaces

There are two types of networking on the Iub/Iur/Iu-CS/Iu-PS interfaces: layer 2 networking and layer 3 networking. Layer 2 Networking Compared with layer 3 networking, layer 2 networking is simpler. That is because the port IP addresses of the RNC, NodeB, and neighboring RNC, MGW and SGSN are located in the same network segment and no route is required.
Issue 02 (2008-07-30)
3-17
3 IP RAN Principles
Figure 3-14 shows an example of layer 2 networking on the Iub/Iur/Iu-CS/Iu-PS interfaces. Figure 3-14 Layer 2 networking on the Iub/Iur/Iu-CS/Iu-PS interfaces
IP 1 is the interface IP address on the IP interface board. In layer 2 networking mode, the interface IP addresses of the RNC and NodeBs are in the same network segment. A route is not necessary in this case, which makes the networking relatively simple.
Layer 3 Networking Figure 3-15 shows an example of layer 3 networking on the Iub/Iur/Iu-CS/Iu-PS interface. Figure 3-15 Layer 3 networking on the Iub/Iur/Iu-CS/Iu-PS interface
3-18
Issue 02 (2008-07-30)
3 IP RAN Principles
IP 1 and IP 2 are device IP addresses of the IP interface board. One interface board supports a maximum of five device IP addresses. The device IP addresses configured on the same interface board cannot be located in the same subnet. IP 3 and IP 4 are port IP addresses of the IP interface board. IP 5 and IP 6 are gateway IP addresses on the RNC side. IP 7 is the gateway IP address on the NodeB/neighboring RNC/MGW/SGSN side. IP 8 is the IP address of the NodeB/neighboring RNC/MGW/SGSN.
3.3.2 Route on the Iub/Iur/Iu-CS/Iu-PS Interface

On the Iub/Iur/Iu-CS/Iu-PS interface where layer 2 networking is applied, no route is required. On the Iub/Iur/Iu-CS/Iu-PS interface where layer 3 networking is applied, you should configure the route, as described in Table 3-3 on the RNC. Table 3-3 Route on the Iub/Iur/Iu-CS/Iu-PS interface Part IP interface board Route Description The route travels from the RNC to the network segment where the NodeB/neighboring RNC/MGW/SGSN is located. You can run the ADD IPRT command on the RNC to configure the route. Destination IP address is the address of the network segment where the NodeB/neighboring RNC/MGW/SGSN is located, and Forward route address, for example, IP 5 or IP 6, is the gateway IP address on the RNC side.
3.3.3 IP Addresses for SCTP Links and IP Paths Between RNC and NodeB
Figure 3-16 shows the IP addresses assigned to SCTP links and IP paths between RNC and NodeB. Figure 3-16 IP addresses for SCTP links and IP paths between RNC and NodeB
IP1-0 and IP2-0: IP addresses for SCTP links on the NodeB side IP1-1 and IP2-1: IP addresses for SCTP links on the RNC side IP3-0: IP address for the IP paths on the NodeB side IP3-1: IP address for the IP paths on the RNC side
Issue 02 (2008-07-30)
3-19
3 IP RAN Principles
Figure 3-16 shows two interconnected BBUs on the NodeB side as an example. When two BBUs are interconnected through the EIa ports, the two BBUs are regarded as one NodeB on the RNC side. On the NodeB side, BBU1, which is connected to the transport network between RNC and NodeB, is an active BBU, while BBU2 is a standby BBU. The IP addresses of the NodeB for communicating with the RNC are configured only on BBU1. The data of the Iub interface is sent or received through the FE/E1 ports of BBU1, as shown in Figure 3-16.
You can specify the active BBU and standby BBU by setting the Dual-In-line Package (DIP) switch. For detailed information about the DIP switch, see the description of the DIP switch on the BBU3806 or DIP switch on the BBU3806C in the DBS3800 Hardware Description. Figure 3-16 shows the settings of the IP addresses for the SCTP links and the IP paths for NodeB V100R010. For NodeB V200R010 version, the settings are the same as those for NodeB V100R010. The only difference is that, for NodeB V200R010, there are no interconnected BBUs.
IP1-0 and IP 2-0 are configured as the first local IP address and the second local IP address respectively for the SCTP links on the NodeB side. IP1-1 and IP2-1 are configured accordingly on the RNC side. The first local IP address and the second local IP address cannot be the same. When the first local IP address for the SCTP links is unavailable, the data on the SCTP links is transmitted through the second local IP address.
When the layer 2 or TDM networking is applied, IP1-0, IP1-1, IP2-0, and IP2-1 are the IP addresses of the port (FE/GE/PPP/MLPPP). IP1-0 and IP1-1 are within the same network segment, and the same is true for IP2-0 and IP2-1. When the layer 3 networking is applied, IP1-0 and IP2-0 are the IP addresses of the FE ports, and IP1-1 and IP2-1 are the device IP addresses. IP1-0 and IP1-1 do not stay within the same network segment, and the same is true for IP2-0 and IP2-1. When the layer 2 or TDM networking is applied, IP3-0 and IP3-1 are IP addresses of the port (FE/PPP/MLPPP). IP3-0 and IP3-1 are within the same network segment. When the layer 3 networking is applied, IP3-0 is IP address of the FE port and IP3-1 is the device IP address. IP3-0 and IP3-1 do not stay within the same network segment.
IP paths between RNC and NodeB do not work in backup mode.

3.4 IP RAN QoS

The assurance mechanisms of QoS are implemented at the application layer, IP layer, data link layer, and physical layer. Table 3-4 describes the assurance mechanisms of the QoS. Table 3-4 Assurance mechanisms of the QoS Layer Application layer IP layer Data link layer Physical layer Mechanism Admission control and congestion control Differentiated Service Priority Queue (PQ) Rate Limiting (RL) at the physical port
3-20
Issue 02 (2008-07-30)
3 IP RAN Principles
3.4.1 Admission Control and Congestion Control

For detailed information about admission control and congestion control, see Admission Control and Congestion Control.
3.4.2 Differentiated Service

Figure 3-17 shows the differentiated service process. Figure 3-17 Differentiated service process
Table 3-5 describes the differentiated service process. The classification and adjustment of traffic usually happen at the network edge. Table 3-5 Differentiated service process Operation Classifying the service Adjusting the service Metering Description Traffic classification enables different types of services that are implemented by setting different values. The data rate is metered and the subsequent shaping and scheduling are based on the metering. The packets are marked with different colors according to Traffic Conditioning Agreement (TCA). The packets in the traffic flow are delayed as required by the service model. Non-TCA-supportive packets are dropped. The adjustment of service ensures that the traffic flow involving differentiated services complies with TCA.
Marking
Shaping
Dropping
3.4.3 PQ and RL
The principles of PQ and RL are considered together. The PQs are configured automatically in the NodeB. When the actual bandwidth exceeds the specified bandwidth, the system buffers the congested data or discards it to ensure a specified bandwidth at the physical port. When the physical port is congested, the system discards the message with lower priority according to the PQ principle. Table 3-6 describes the rules for PQs based on the three Most Significant Bits (MSBs) of the DSCP.
Issue 02 (2008-07-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd 3-21
3 IP RAN Principles
Table 3-6 Rules for PQs in NodeB MSBs of the DSCP 110 or 111 101 100 or 011 010 or 001 0 PQ The urgent queue is used by default. No manual configuration of the PQ is necessary. TOP MIDDLE NORMAL BOTTOM
The parameters for setting the priorities for data transmission on the NodeB side are as follows:
Signal Priority OM priority

The RNC IP interface boards (PEUa/FG2a/GOUa/POUa/UOIa) support six priority queues numbered from 0 to 5 in a descending order. The top two priority queues adopt PQ scheduling and the other four queues of lower priority employ Weighted Round Robin (WRR) scheduling. For details of the mapping between the DSCP values and the IP port queues, refer to Differentiated Service in Transmission Resource Management document.
3.5 IP RAN VLAN

Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) enhances the IP transport security. Besides, VLAN provides the priority service and isolates different users.
3.5.1 Ensuring Security

Compared with the TDM network, the IP network has relatively low security. VLAN combined with Virtual Private Network (VPN), however, ensures the IP transport security. Figure 3-18 shows the VLAN and VPN implementation. The security of VLANs is implemented at the NodeB and the RNC, and that of the VPNs is implemented by external equipment. Figure 3-18 IP network security
3-22
Issue 02 (2008-07-30)
3 IP RAN Principles
3.5.2 Providing Priority Service

Figure 3-19 shows a typical example of the VLAN solution on the VLAN on the Iub interface. In this solution, the Multi-Service Transmission Platform (MSTP) network provides two Ethernets carried on two Virtual Channel (VC) trunks, respectively. One Ethernet is a private network for the real-time services of multiple NodeBs without the influence of other customers. This Ethernet is used to carry services of high priority. The other Ethernet is a public network for the non-real-time services of multiple NodeBs and can be shared with other customers. The services are prone to the influence of other customers. Thus, this Ethernet is used to carry services of low priority. Figure 3-19 Typical solution of the VLAN on Iub
Red line: private network Blue line: public network Black line: connection between the routers
The VLANID Flag parameter indicates whether VLAN is enabled or not. The NodeB and the RNC identify the service QoS through Vlan priority in the VLAN tag. Each NodeB or the RNC provides an Ethernet port to connect to the MSTP network. The MSTP transmits the Ethernet data to either of the VC trunks according to Vlan priority in the VLAN tag. Each VC trunk supports up to two QoS classes. In the same VC trunk, the data of different NodeBs is identified by different VLAN ID parameters. The VLAN tag contains a 2-byte Tag Protocol Identifier (TPID) and a 2-byte Tag Control Information (TCI). TPID is defined by the IEEE and is used to indicate that the frame is attached with an 802.1Q tag. VLAN TPID has a fixed value 0x8100. TCI contains the frame control information and consists of the following items:

Priority: a 3-bit field that indicates the frame priority. The eight values, from 0 to 7, represent eight priorities. The priority field is defined in the IEEE 802.1Q protocol. Canonical Format Indicator (CFI): a 1-bit field. The value 0 indicates the canonical format and 1 indicates the non-canonical format. CFI specifies the bit sequence of the address contained in the encapsulated frame in the token ring or source route FDDI media access method.
Issue 02 (2008-07-30)
3-23
3 IP RAN Principles
VLAN Identifier (VLAN ID): a 12-bit field that indicates the VLAN ID. It represents 4096 IDs. The frame, which complies with 802.1Q, contains this field and indicates which VLAN the frame belongs to.
The NodeB attaches VLAN tags to the frames that are sent from the Ethernet port, but does not attach VLAN tags to the frames that are received from the Ethernet port. When the NodeB supports the VLAN, it attaches diverse tags to different traffic flows to enable the traffic flow transmission in different VLAN channels. The parameters on the NodeB side are as follows:
Traffic Type User Data Service Priority Insert VLAN Tag Vlan Id Vlan priority
On the RNC side, the NodeB detection function can be started through the MML command STR NODEBDETECT in order to periodically send the VLAN IDs to the NodeBs. By this means, when a new NodeB is set up or a NodeB recovers from the fault, the NodeB can automatically obtain its VLAN ID from the RNC.
3.6 IP RAN FP-Mux

Frame Protocol Multiplexing (FP-Mux) encapsulates multiple small FP PDU frames (also called subframes) into a UDP package, thus improving the transport efficiency. FP-Mux is only applicable to the user plane data on the Iub interface based on UDP/IP. Figure 3-20 shows the UDP/IP package format when FP-Mux is applied. Figure 3-20 FP-Mux UDP/IP package format
To enable FP-Mux, the FPMUX flag parameter has to be set to YES. Max subframe length indicates the maximum length of the subframe. Maximum Frame Length indicates the
3-24
Issue 02 (2008-07-30)
3 IP RAN Principles
maximum length of the frame of the FP-Mux UPD/IP package. The UDP package frame is sent out once the time set by FPTIME expires.
FP-Mux is applicable to frames with the same priority, that is, frames of the same DSCP value.
3.7 IP RAN Header Compression

Header compression is used to reduce protocol header overhead of point-to-point links and to improve bandwidth efficiency. The RNC and the NodeB support the following three header compression methods: Address and Control Field Compression (ACFC) Protocol Field Compression (PFC) IP Header Compression (IPHC)
3.7.1 ACFC
ACFC, which complies with RFC 1661, is used to compress the address and control fields of PPP protocol. These fields usually contain constant values for PPP links. It is unnecessary to transport the whole fields every time. If ACFC passes the negotiation during the PPP Link Control Protocol (LCP), the address and control fields (0xFF03) of subsequent packets can be compressed.
3.7.2 PFC
PFC, which complies with RFC 1661, is used to compress the protocol field of PPP. PFC can compress the 2-byte protocol field into a 1-byte one. The compression complies with the ISO3309 extension mechanism, that is, a binary 0 in the Least Significant Bit (LSB) indicates that the protocol field contains two bytes, and the other byte follows this byte. And a binary 1 in the LSB indicates that the protocol field contains one byte, and this byte is the last one. The majority of packets are compressible, because the protocol fields assigned are usually less than 256.
3.7.3 IPHC
IPHC, which complies with RFC 2507 and RFC 3544, is used to compress the IP/UDP header of PPP links. IPHC improves bandwidth efficiency in the following two ways: The unchanged header fields in packet (IP/UDP) headers are not carried by each packet. The header fields that vary with specified modes are replaced with fewer bits. The header context is established on both ends of a link when packets with complete headers are sent occasionally. Thus the compressed packets can retrieve their original headers according to the context and the changed fields. The parameter on the RNC side is Head compress. The parameter on the NodeB side is IP Header Compress.
Issue 02 (2008-07-30)
3-25
3 IP RAN Principles
3.8 IP RAN Redundancy

IP RAN Redundancy discusses the redundancy mechanism on the RNC side. The redundancy of IP RAN helps to improve the reliability of IP transport. On the NodeB side, for distributed NodeBs, the interconnection of two BBUs can enhance the baseband processing capability but cannot support the transmission backup.
3.8.1 Single-Homing Layer 3 Networking

In the single-homing layer 3 networking, the FG2a or GOUa board of the RNC serves as the interface board and supports board backup and FE/GE port backup. Figure 3-21 shows the single-homing layer 3 networking. The FE/GE ports on the RNC serve the IP transport. Figure 3-21 Single-homing layer 3 networking
In this networking mode, the FE/GE ports of the RNC are configured for backup. The active and standby FE/GE ports of the RNC are connected to the Provider Edge (PE), which are further connected to the IP network. The active and standby FE/GE ports of the RNC share one IP address, IP 1-0. The PE configures the active and standby ports of the RNC in one VLAN and uses one interface IP address of the VLAN, IP 1-1.
The GE optical ports on the GOUa board are applicable when the RNC is far away from the PE, and the FE/GE electrical ports on the FG2a board are applicable when the distance between the RNC and the PE is within 100 m.
3.8.2 Dual-Homing Layer 3 Networking

In the dual-homing layer 3 networking, the FG2a or GOUa board of the RNC serves as the interface board and supports board backup and FE/GE port backup. Figure 3-22 shows the dual-homing layer 3 networking. The FE/GE ports on the RNC serve the IP transport.
3-26
Issue 02 (2008-07-30)
3 IP RAN Principles
Figure 3-22 Dual-homing layer 3 networking
In this networking mode, the FE/GE ports of the RNC are configured for backup. The active and standby FE/GE ports of the RNC are connected to two PEs, which are further connected to the IP network. Complying with the Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP), the two PEs provide redundancy-based protection for the data transmitted from the RNC. One PE connects to the other through two GE ports. Link Aggregation (LAG) is applied to the interconnection links between the PEs to increase the bandwidth and reliability of the links. The active and standby FE/GE ports of the RNC share one IP address, IP 1-0. The PEs configure the active and standby ports of the RNC in one VLAN and use one virtual VRRP IP address, IP 1-1.
The GE optical ports on the GOUa board are applicable when the RNC is far away from the PE, and the FE/GE electrical ports on the FG2a board are applicable when the distance between the RNC and the PE is within 100 m.
3.8.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of the Networking

Single-homing layer 3 networking provides redundancy-based protection for FE/GE links. The single PE saves the networking costs, but cannot provide PE-level protection. Dual-homing layer 3 networking provides redundancy-based protection not only for FE/GE links, but also for PE devices. But the dual PEs have high networking costs.
3.8.4 Configuration on the RNC Side

To support the backup of the interface board, the Backup parameter has to be set to YES. The parameters on the RNC side are as follows:
Board type Backup

When the interface board is set to the backup mode, run the ADD ETHREDPORT command to set the backup mode of the associated ports. The parameter involved is Port No..
For detailed information about board redundancy and port redundancy, see RNC Parts Reliability in the RNC Product Description.
Issue 02 (2008-07-30)
3-27
3 IP RAN Principles
3.8.5 Fault Detection

In addition to the UP/DOWN detection performed at the physical link layer, the fault detection between the RNC and the Provider Edge (PE) involves the Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) and Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) detection. The BFD or ARP detection are applied on the layer 3 (L3) detection, which can also detect other faults, such as soft transfer. When the BFD or ARP detection finds a fault, the switchover between FE/GE ports will be triggered. The application of the BFD or ARP detection can increase the fault detection rate and enhance the reliability. The BFD is preferred since it has a quick and bidirectional detection.
The ARP detection is used only when the peer equipment does not support the BFD, because the ARP detection is unidirectional. The ARP message is a broadcast message; therefore, if there is a relatively large L2 broadcast domain between the RNC and the L3 equipment, a broadcast storm may easily occur. But if the RNC and the L3 equipment are directly connected, a broadcast storm never occurs.
The following tables describe the parameters of the Fault Detection:
Gateway IP address Backup port IP address Backup port mask Backup port gateway IP address Check type Port work mode Min interval of BFD packet send [ms] Min interval of BFD packet receive [ms] detect multiplier of BFD packet
3.9 IP RAN Load Sharing

IP RAN load sharing improves the transport efficiency of IP RAN. Load sharing between FE/GE ports of the RNC is applicable to layer 3 networking between the RNC and other NEs, instead of layer 2 networking.
3.9.1 Load Sharing Layer 3 Networking

The RNC supports load sharing between FE/GE ports that are located either on the same board or on the active and standby boards. The RNC supports load sharing between up to three FE/GE ports. Figure 3-23 shows the load sharing layer 3 networking of IP RAN. If there are two ports for load sharing, they are located on the active and standby boards.
3-28
Issue 02 (2008-07-30)
3 IP RAN Principles
Figure 3-23 Load sharing layer 3 networking
In this scenario, the FG2a or GOUa board of the RNC serves as the interface board, and supports board backup and FE/GE port apart. The two FE/GE ports on the active and standby boards are configured with IP addresses of different network segments, IP 1-0 and IP 2-0. The PE configures the corresponding IP addresses, IP 1-1 and IP 2-1. The data to the destination IP address is shared by the two routes.
The load sharing ports on the RNC can be connected to one PE or two different PEs.
3.9.2 Advantage and Disadvantage of the Networking

In the load sharing layer 3 networking, the data traffic is shared by the ports to avoid the occasion when some ports are busy while others are idle, thus improving the transmission efficiency. This network solution, however, does not provide redundancy for data transmission. A port failure will lead to the decline of transmission capacity.
3.9.3 Configuration on the RNC Side

To support the load sharing between the ports located on the active and standby boards, the Backup parameter should be set to NO. For detailed information about the parameters, see 3.8 IP RAN Redundancy.
For details about board redundancy, port redundancy, and port load sharing, refers to RNC Parts
Reliability in the RNC Product Description
3.10 IP RAN DHCP

The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) dynamically provides configuration parameters for network terminals. The DHCP can automatically allocate the network address and set up the OM channel for IP RAN. The DHCP has the following characteristics: Working in the Client/Server mode. When receiving the request from a client, the server provides parameters such as the IP address, gateway address, DNS server address for the client. Simplifying IP address management. Enabling centralized IP address management. Complying with RFC 2131 and RFC 2132.
Issue 02 (2008-07-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd 3-29
3 IP RAN Principles
In the DHCP procedure, the RNC works as the DHCP server and the NodeBs work as DHCP clients. The NodeB can automatically obtain the IP address to set up the OM channel. Figure 3-24 shows the DHCP procedure. Figure 3-24 DHCP procedure
The four basic phases of the DHCP procedure are as follows: Step 1 DHCP discovery: The NodeB broadcasts DHCPDISCOVER packets to find the RNC. Step 2 DHCP offer: The RNC sends the configuration information such as IP addresses to the NodeB through DHCPOFFER packets. Step 3 DHCP selection: The NodeB selects an IP address from the DHCPOFFER packets and then responds by broadcasting DHCPREQUEST packets. Step 4 DHCP acknowledgement: The RNC responds by sending DHCPACK packets to the NodeB. The parameters on the RNC side are as follows:
The First Serial Number The Second Serial Number NodeB IP_TRANS IP address NodeB ATM_TRANS IP address
----End
3.11 IP RAN Transport Capabilities

IP RAN Transport Capabilities provides information about the transport capabilities related to the IP RAN.
3.11.1 RNC IP Transport Capabilities

Table 3-7 describes the IP transport capabilities at the RNC. Table 3-7 IP transport capabilities at the RNC Item Physical interfaces Sub-Item Board FE port Description At most 14 per RBS and 10 per RSS 4 FEs per sub-board and 2 sub-boards per board
3-30
Issue 02 (2008-07-30)
3 IP RAN Principles
Item
Sub-Item GE port E1/T1
Description 1 GE per sub-board and 2 sub-boards per board 32 E1s/T1s per sub-board and 1 sub-board per board IPv4 Supported Supported Supported Supported Supported Supported Supported Supported Supported Supported Supported Supported Supported (on E1) Supported (FG2a/GOUa/POUa/UOIa inter-board level) Supported (all the interface boards)
IP version Layer 2 protocols
IP protocol version MAC/FE or MAC/GE PPP/E1 PPPmux/E1 ML PPP/E1 MC PPP/E1 PPP/E1/SDH PPPmux/E1/SDH ML PPP/E1/SDH MC PPP/E1/SDH PPP/SDH PPPmux/SDH
QoS Header compression Reliability
DiffServ IP Header Compression over PPP (RFC 2507) Port backup Board backup
NOTE: RBS = RNC Business Subrack, RSS = RNC Switch Subrack, IPv4 = Internet Protocol version 4, MAC = Media Access Control, PPPMux = PPP Multiplexing, ML PPP = Multi-Link PPP, MC PPP = Multi-Class PPP, SDH = Synchronous Digital Hierarchy, QoS = Quality of Service, DiffServ = Differentiated Services
3.11.2 BBU IP Transport Capabilities

Table 3-8 describes the IP transport capabilities at the BBU. Table 3-8 IP transport capabilities at the BBU (DBS3800 and iDBS3800) Item E1/T1 Quantity/Location 8 per BBU Flow Protocol PPP
Issue 02 (2008-07-30)
3-31
3 IP RAN Principles
Item FE IPoA client Maintenance flow on the Iub interface Traffic flow Signaling flow IP route flow
Quantity/Location 2 per BBU 1 per BBU 1 per BBU Several per BBU Several per BBU Several per BBU
Flow Low High Medium High
Protocol MAC ATM TCP UDP SCTP IP
NOTE: IPoA = IP over ATM, TCP = Transfer Control Protocol, UDP = User Datagram Protocol, SCTP = Stream Control Transmission Protocol
Table 3-9 describes the IP transport capabilities at the BBU (DBS3900 and iDBS3900). Table 3-9 IP transport capabilities abilities at the BBU (DBS3900 and iDBS3900) Item E1/T1 FE IPoA client Maintenance flow on the Iub interface Traffic flow Signaling flow IP route flow Quantity/Location 4 per WMPT, 8 per UTRP 1 optical and 1 electrical per WMPT 1 per BBU 1 per BBU Several per BBU Several per BBU Several per BBU Flow Low High Medium High Protocol PPP MAC ATM TCP UDP SCTP IP
NOTE: IPoA = IP over ATM, TCP = Transfer Control Protocol, UDP = User Datagram Protocol, SCTP = Stream Control Transmission Protocol
3.11.3 Macro NodeB IP Transport Capabilities

Table 3-10 and Table 3-11show the IP transport capabilities at the macro NodeB. Table 3-10 IP transport capabilities at the macro NodeB (BTS3812E/BTS3812AE) Item E1/T1 FE Quantity/Location 8 per interface board 2 per interface board Flow Protocol PPP MAC
3-32
Issue 02 (2008-07-30)
3 IP RAN Principles
Item IPoA client Maintenance flow on the Iub interface Traffic flow Signaling flow IP route flow
Quantity/Location Several per interface board 1 per BBU Several per interface board Several per interface board Several per interface board (inter-board flow supported)
Flow Low High Medium High
Protocol ATM TCP UDP SCTP IP
Table 3-11 IP transport capabilities at the macro NodeB (BTS3900/BTS900A) Item E1/T1 FE IPoA client Maintenance flow on the Iub interface Traffic flow Signaling flow IP route flow Quantity/Location 4 per WMPT, 8 per UTRP 1 optical and 1 electrical per WMPT 1 per interface board 1 per BBU Several per interface board Several per interface board Several per interface board (inter-board flow supported) Flow Low High Medium High Protocol PPP MAC ATM TCP UDP SCTP IP
Issue 02 (2008-07-30)
3-33
4 IP RAN Parameters
4
Table 4-1 Parameters related to IP RAN Parameter Name Parameter ID IUB trans bearer type IP Trans Apart Ind Adjacent Node Type Transport Type Bearing Mode Local IP address Peer IP address Peer subnet mask IP path type DSCP Port Type TnlBearerType
IP RAN Parameters
This chapter provides information on the effective level and configuration of the parameters related to IP RAN. Table 4-1 lists the parameters related to IP RAN.
Effective Level NodeB(ADD NODEB) NodeB(ADD NODEB) Adjacent Node(ADD ADJNODE) Adjacent Node(ADD ADJNODE) NodeB(SET E1T1BEAR) IP Path(ADD IPPATH) IP Path(ADD IPPATH) IP Path(ADD IPPATH) IP Path(ADD IPPATH) IP Path(ADD IPPATH) IP Path(ADD IPPATH)
Configuration on... RNC RNC RNC RNC NodeB RNC RNC RNC RNC RNC NodeB
IPTRANSAPARTI ND NODET TRANST MODE IPADDR PEERIPADDR PEERMASK PATHT DSCP PT
Issue 02 (2008-07-30)
4-1
4 IP RAN Parameters
Parameter Name
Parameter ID
Effective Level IP Path(ADD IPPATH) IP Path(ADD IPPATH) IP Path(ADD IPPATH) IP Path(ADD IPPATH) SCTP(ADD SCTPLNK) SCTP(ADD SCTPLNK) SCTP(ADD SCTPLNK) SCTP(ADD SCTPLNK) SCTP(ADD SCTPLNK) SCTP(ADD SCTPLNK) SCTP(ADD SCTPLNK) SCTP(ADD SCTPLNK) SCTP(ADD CCP) SCTP(ADD NCP) NodeB(ADD NCP) NodeB(ADD CCP) SCTP(ADD SCTPLNK) SCTP(ADD SCTPLNK) SCTP(ADD SCTPLNK) SCTP(ADD SCTPLNK) SCTP(ADD SCTPLNK)
Configuration on... NodeB NodeB NodeB NodeB RNC RNC RNC RNC RNC RNC RNC
NodeB IP address RNC IP address Traffic Type(ADD IPPATH) Differentiated Services Code Point Signalling link mode First local IP address Second local IP address First destination IP address Second destination IP address Local SCTP port No. Destination SCTP port No.
NODEBIP RNCIP TFT DSCP MODE LOCIPADDR1 LOCIPADDR2 PEERIPADDR1 PEERIPADDR2 LOCPTNO PEERPORTNO
SCTP link No.
SCTPLNKN
RNC
Bearing link type Local IP address Second Local IP address Peer IP address Second Peer IP address Local SCTP Port
CARRYLNKT LOCIP SECLOCIP PEERIPADDR SECPEERIP LOCPORT
RNC NodeB NodeB NodeB NodeB NodeB
4-2
Issue 02 (2008-07-30)
4 IP RAN Parameters
Parameter Name
Parameter ID
Effective Level SCTP(ADD SCTPLNK) IUBCP(ADD IUBCP) OMCH(ADD OMCH) OMCH(ADD OMCH) OMCH(ADD OMCH) OMCH(ADD OMCH) OMCH(ADD OMCH) AAL2 Path(ADD AAL2PATH) AAL2 Path(ADD AAL2PATH) AAL2 Path(ADD AAL2PATH) AAL2 Path(ADD AAL2PATH) AAL2 Path(ADD AAL2PATH) SAAL(ADD SAALLNK) SAAL(ADD SAALLNK) SAAL(ADD SAALLNK) SAAL(ADD SAALLNK) SAAL(ADD CCP) SAAL(ADD NCP) SAAL(ADD SAALLNK) SAAL(ADD SAALLNK)
Configuration on... NodeB NodeB NodeB NodeB NodeB NodeB NodeB RNC RNC NodeB NodeB NodeB RNC RNC RNC
Peer SCTP Port NCP/CCP Bearing Type Local IP Address Local IP Mask Peer IP address Peer IP Mask Bear Type Adjacent node ID AAL2 path ID AAL2 path ID Node Type Path Type Interface type Bearing VPI Bearing VCI
PEERPORT BEAR IP MASK PEERIP PEERMASK BEAR ANI PATHID PATHID NT PAT SAALLNKT CARRYVPI CARRYVCI
SAAL link No.
SAALLNKN
RNC
Bearing VPI Bearing VCI
VPI VCI
NodeB NodeB
Issue 02 (2008-07-30)
4-3
4 IP RAN Parameters
Parameter Name NCP/CCP Bearing Type CN domain ID IU transfers bearer type IUR trans bearer type Iur Interface Existing Indication MLPPP type
Parameter ID
Effective Level IUBCP(ADD IUBCP) RNC(ADD CNNODE) RNC(ADD CNNODE) RNC(ADD NRNC) RNC(ADD NRNC) MLPPP Group, MLPPP Link(ADD MPGRP) MLPPP Group(ADD MPGRP) PPP Link(ADD PPPLNK) MLPPP Group, PPP Link(ADD MPGRP) PPP Link(ADD PPPLNK) IP Route(ADD IPRT) IP Route(ADD IPRT) NodeB(SET DIFPRI) NodeB(SET DIFPRI) SCTP(ADD SCTPLNK) IP Path(ADD IPPATH) RNC(ADD VLANID) IP Path(ADD IPPATH) SCTP(ADD SCTPLNK)
Configuration on... NodeB RNC RNC RNC RNC
BEAR CNDomainId TnlBearerType TnlBearerType IurExistInd
MPTYPE
RNC
Multi Class PPP
MCPPP
NodeB
PPP mux
PPPMUX
RNC
PPP MuxCP Destination IP address Forward route address Signal Priority OM priority
MUXCP DESTIP NEXTHOP SIGPRI OMPRI
NodeB RNC RNC NodeB NodeB
VLANID Flag
VLANFlAG
RNC
VLAN ID
VLANID
RNC
Vlan priority Traffic Type
VLANPRI TRAFFIC
RNC(SET DSCPMAP) NodeB(SET VLANCLASS)
RNC NodeB
4-4
Issue 02 (2008-07-30)
4 IP RAN Parameters
Parameter Name User Data Service Priority Insert VLAN Tag Vlan Id Vlan priority FPMUX flag Max subframe length Maximum Frame Length FPTIME
Parameter ID
Effective Level NodeB(SET VLANCLASS) NodeB(SET VLANCLASS) NodeB(SET VLANCLASS) NodeB(SET VLANCLASS) IP Path(ADD IPPATH) IP Path(ADD IPPATH) IP Path(ADD IPPATH) IP Path(ADD IPPATH) PPP Link(ADD PPPLNK) MLPPP GroupPPP Link(ADD MPGRP) MLPPP Group(ADD MPGRP) PPP Link(ADD PPPLNK) Board(ADD BRD) Board(ADD BRD) Ethernet port(ADD ETHREDPORT) Ethernet port (STR GATEWAYCHK) Ethernet port (STR GATEWAYCHK) Ethernet port(STR GATEWAYCHK) Ethernet port(STR GATEWAYCHK) Ethernet port (STR GATEWAYCHK)
Configuration on... NodeB NodeB NodeB NodeB RNC RNC RNC RNC
SRVPRIO INSTAG VLANID VLANPRIO FPMUX SUBFRLEN MAXFRAMELEN FPTIME
Head compress
IPHC
RNC
IP Header Compress
IPHC
NodeB
Board type Backup Port No. Gateway IP address Backup port IP address Backup port mask Backup port gateway IP address Check type
BRDTYPE RED PN GATEWAY BAKIP BAKMASK BAKGATEWAY CHKTYPE
RNC RNC RNC RNC RNC RNC RNC RNC
Issue 02 (2008-07-30)
4-5
4 IP RAN Parameters
Parameter Name
Parameter ID
Effective Level Ethernet port (STR GATEWAYCHK) Ethernet port(STR GATEWAYCHK) Ethernet port(STR GATEWAYCHK) Current BFD communication.(STR GATEWAYCHK) RNC(ADD NODEBESN) RNC(ADD NODEBESN) RNC(ADD NODEBIP) RNC(ADD NODEBIP)
Configuration on... RNC RNC RNC
Port work mode Min interval of BFD packet send Min interval of BFD packet receive detect multiplier of BFD packet The First Serial Number The Second Serial Number NodeB IP_TRANS IP address NodeB ATM_TRANS IP address
MODE MINTXINT MINRXINT BFDDETECTCOU NT NBLB1 NBLB2 NBIPOAMIP NBATMOAMIP
RNC
RNC RNC RNC RNC
4-6
Issue 02 (2008-07-30)
5 IP RAN Reference Documents
IP RAN Reference Documents
IP RAN Reference Documents lists the references documents related to IP RAN. 3GPP TR25.933: IP transport in UTRAN 3GPP TR23.107: Quality of Service (QoS) concept and architecture RFC1661: The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP), provides a standard method for transporting multi-protocol datagrams over point-to-point links RFC1662: PPP in HDLC-link Framing, describes the use of HDLC-like framing for PPP encapsulated packets RFC1990: The PPP Multilink Protocol (ML-PPP), describes a method for splitting, recombining and sequencing datagrams across multiple logical data links RFC2686: The Multi-Class Extension to Multi-link PPP (MC-PPP), describes extensions that allow a sender to fragment the packets of various priorities into multiple classes of fragments, allowing high-priority packets to be sent between fragments of lower priorities RFC3153: PPP Multiplexing (PPPmux), describes a method to reduce the PPP framing overhead used to transport small packets over low bandwidth links. IETF RFC 1889(01/1996): RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real Time Applications IETF DRAFT (02-2002): SS7 MTP3-User Adaptation Layer (M3UA) IETF RFC 3309 (09/2002): Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) Checksum Change IETF RFC2131: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
Issue 02 (2008-07-30)
5-1

IP RAN Description (2008!07!30)

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Исходное описание:

Оригинальное название

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

IP RAN Description (2008!07!30)

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

RAN

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2008. All rights reserved.

Trademarks and Permissions

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd

RAN IP RAN Description

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd

RAN IP RAN Description

4 IP RAN Parameters ....................................................................................................................4-1 5 IP RAN Reference Documents ................................................................................................5-1

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd

RAN IP RAN Description

1 IP RAN Change History

IP RAN Change History

RNC Version V200R010C01B061 V200R010C01B051

NodeB Version V100R010C01B050 V200R010C01B041 V100R010C01B049 V200R010C01B040

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd

1 IP RAN Change History

RAN IP RAN Description

Parameter Change None.

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd

RAN IP RAN Description

1 IP RAN Change History

Change Type Feature change

Parameter Change None.

The parameter is changed in 3.6 IP RAN FP-Mux.

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd

1 IP RAN Change History

RAN IP RAN Description

The fault detection is added in 1.3.8 IP RAN Redundancy.

The following parameters are added:

The following parameters are added:

FPMUX flag Max subframe length Mux package length FPTIME

The following parameter is deleted:

14 interface board Backup type The following parameter is added: Backup

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd

RAN IP RAN Description

1 IP RAN Change History

Parameter Change The following parameter is deleted:

NCP/CCP Bearing Type The following parameter is added: Bear Type

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd

RAN IP RAN Description

IP interface board for the NodeB

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd

RAN IP RAN Description

NOTE: BBU = Baseband Unit

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd

RAN IP RAN Description

Network Elements Involved

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd

RAN IP RAN Description

3.1 IP RAN Application Scenarios

3.1.1 Iub over TDM Network

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd

RAN IP RAN Description

Figure 3-1 TDM networking mode

3.1.2 Iub over IP Network

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd

RAN IP RAN Description

3.1.3 Iub over Hybrid IP Transport Network

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd

RAN IP RAN Description