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Twin Spark name usually refers to the engines installed in Alfa Romeo
cars. Initially appearing in Alfa Romeo 75 model and then used in Alfa Romeo 164, 155, 145, 146, 156, 147, 166 models.
The Twin Spark name comes from the fact that there are two spark plugs per cylinder.
The two sparks fire at the same time per cylinder or at some time interval and this makes the fuel mixture burn faster than single plug ignition because it is fired from 2 different places simultaneously. So less ignition advance could be used and also leaner mixtures could be burned.
1914- ALFA ROMEO GRAND PRIX 1960 - ALFA ROMEO RACING CARD
THERMODYNAMICS CYCLES ON WHICH ENGINE WORKS CONSTANT VOLUME CYCLE OR OTTO CYCLE - This cycle is so named as it was conceived by a scientist named OTTO. This cycle is mainly used in petrol engine. The P-V and T-S diagram of otto cycle are as follows-
In this process, some part of heat is added to air at constant volume and remainder at constant pressure
The WORKING of TWIN SPARK engines In contrast to diesel engines during the compression cycle the combustion of the compressed fuel-air mixture is triggered by an electrical spark which is produced by the spark plug. This is created via a correspondingly high voltage generated by the ignition coil or ignition transformer. At a precisely predefined point the spark leaps between the central and earth electrodes. A flame emanating from the spark fills the entire combustion chamber until the mixture has been burned. The heat released increases the temperature, there is a rapid build-up of pressure in the cylinder and the piston is forced downwards. The movement is transferred via the connecting rod to the crankshaft; this drives the vehicle via the gears and the axles.
If the electrode gap is too small this may cause misfiring, noisy action and poor exhaust levels.
Electrode gap
If the electrode gap is too large then a higher ignition voltage is required to enable the spark to jump the gap: this may lead to misfiring.
Oiled-up
Cause: Too much oil in combustion chamber. Oil level too high, heavily worn piston rings, cylinders and valve guides. Effect: Misfiring or even shorting of the spark plug, complete failure. Solution: Overhaul engine, correct fuel-oil mixture, fit new, original Beru spark plugs Extreme overheating Cause: Thermal overload due to glow ignition, e.g. through ignition timing set to early, combustible residue in chamber (choked-up), defective valves, damaged distributor, too weak a fuel mixture, spark plugs incorrectly tightened. Effect: Prior to engine failure, efficiency (output) will drop. Solution: Check engine, ignition and mixture; check tightening torque of the spark plugs. Fit new, original Beru spark plugs.
DIGITAL TWIN SPARK ignition engine two Spark plugs located at opposite ends of the combustion chamber fast and efficient combustion obtained. better fuel efficiency and lower emissions. delivers exhilarating performance or exceptional mileage.
DTS - I
DTS-Si Engine Like DTS-i (which is the mother technology) the engine has 2 spark plugs but, instead of conventionally positioned straight ports, the offset positioning of the ports generate high swirl and turbulence of the air fuel mixture in the combustion chamber. This results in highly efficient combustion that further results in exceptional mileage.
DTS-Fi stands for "Digital Twin Spark Fuel Injection". In fuel injection the conventional carburettor has been replaced by injector injects fuel in to the engine in a spray form based on the instructions of the Engine Control Unit (ECU) which processes information sent by various sensors and instantly determines optimum fueling and spark timing for various engine operating conditions.
For the most part, increasing the spark insures that the combustion will be optimized thus insuring the best chance or decreasing the chances of improper firing.And, if any, minimal horsepower gains could be expected.
(a )
(b)
Flame radius at crank angle interval of 10 degree starting from the initiation of spark. The pictures are in the top to bottom sequence. (a) with single spark plug (b) with twin spark plug
Twin spark technology has brought about a revolutionary change in thE automobile industry. with its help the efficiency has improved considerably. A better mileage is on the cards now. Though the design of the engine is bit complicated ,this technology is praiseworthy. The temperature is going up, and so are the noise levels, as two motorcycle manufacturers get ready to duke it out.
REFERENCES
ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS
THERMAL ENGINEERING BY
BY P.K.NAG