THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT QUANTITIES OF WATER INTAKE ON URINE OUTPUT Objective : To study the effect of different quantities of water

intake on urine output. Problem statement : How does different quantities of water intake affect the urine output? Hypothesis : The more the water intake, the more of the volume of urine produced. Variables : Manipulated variable : Volume of water intake Responding variable : Volume of urine produced Controlled variable : Time, no food before experiment

Apparatus and Materials : Paper cups, measuring cylinder, water. Procedure : 1. Four students, A, B, C and D, were asked to empty their bladders. 2. Student A, student B, student C and student D were given 200ml, 300ml, 400ml and 500 ml of mineral water to drink respectively. 3. After 40 minutes, the four students were asked to empty their bladders and the urine collected in paper cups and the volume was measured using measuring cylinders. 4. The volume of urine produced by each students was recorded. 5. Another four students A1, B1, C1 and D1 were asked to repeat steps 1 to 4.

Results : Student A/ A1 B/ B1 C/ C1 D/ D1 Discussion : 1. What is the relationship between the volume of water intake and the volume of urine produced? When the volume of water intake increased, the volume of urine produced increased. 2. What is the hormone responsible for the reabsorption of water? Antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Volume of water intake (ml) 200 300 400 500 Volume of urine produced (ml) 1 student 2nd student Mean
st

160 230 356 472

150 250 338 463

155 240 347 463

3. If student D is given salted egg to eat before the experiment, predict what will happen to the volume of urine. The volume of urine produced decreased. Eating salted egg increased the blood osmotic pressure due to the presence of salt in blood. More ADH will be produced, increasing the rate of reabsorption of water in the kidney. So, less urine is produced. Conclusion : The hypothesis accepted. The student who drank more water produce more urine.