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nWO!CE CElWJKL!&~

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_

Date ofO:rigir.al Jlnthorl zaC10n

Pet1Cd Covared

~~ To

'E;:-ct;~::lsd Allo'Cr.::<"rrlo ~ --,~~-c=Nu"lb-.:';t'~

k.lQiJllt of W,l:l.S;1.tion -

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,f"rEoae:' To atudy levoltoi m.OtlVaU~ as ..mte4 toc'~ripor.~l'ty_·. cwaetel'1.t1el_(l.!KULTRA W);:

LdUated:. FWia._ol)lllatealnWY:-llJ~l. (Second year-of .UP~ri !OZ'~c= 'worK~expected-t-<nL~e--three:-yea:rI-~r--;

_'_~~~._'
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as a gl'antee-~Ofthe
Cost:' $U;OOO-;OO-(Prevl~ year', budget w~sl14.000. 00),

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June 1. 1960 throughHay~:31~~1962-" ReceivedExoended Salaries

Wages

196_1~:=-~=-~19_62•.._."= Total. ' 9 .~52;-OO--4-..m;6Q -~14f'145. 60-

J .8l!liL60
417.20

5.._264~Q-o.:----9~5 .60
u

Ma.intenance Totals

601.60 l,024.80
m

rJ~610.8Q llJJ65.0024,971~.OO

Total expendedr; Ba,-Iance_--_·-,_-_

__ 278 .~O-..::.O=' 2.§, =-~-~ -=-~-~~

$-82~'OO

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March 2671962

I
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-We can~ot------expecLao_o"':'C~.9:t;.lntin9l)ntii ~ the second grql1L .. .. .. yeor._Meoo'!Y_biJe, Jo_m:ri1oking· plans to renew this grant _. __. _ ouLoLourcurrent Fuock;· ... _ .~~

.. The enelcsedIsfor

yo_ur~i1e.

I
:.: I

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•
Enclosure

I
.Ii

(~

,,-J _-

[J

o
.

,
Dw:ing part the past

1• year=one _exJ'e_I'~m"<l1.1i,-ha_§~.bE;:~lk_f.~nished the mai,n on

i~ namel;:[.the

_~

of the investigati9n

study of rel!li~iscence

as a mea.Sl..U'e

~c_=c_,~~_=_.

of dri ve ,

1.1sing . overc::6~hi¥h~Ql':tv~~a.I1d_J2'R~dl'-1.'l~=_S_'.;t.b j eo tS,it )ia,S _d.eDl9n._--.

rotor rest

remain at arelatively_-_lowlevelirrespective~of practice

whereas___f9r ..the_high,drive

the length?fprescores increased

~oupreminisceMe
thm

in a.linear;ashion

as .a-functton-=of th~ logari

or th_e length of the ..pre"'-'

12 and.

i5

mimltes,--have

been

used='so -far-,c-and

even-with thefifteen

... inute ~~m

in line with prediction

and-show-that

reminiscen~ce__ indeed an excellent ifj

drive

and the low dri~rOi.lRs.~I~his::fi\1ding-is

quite

contrary

to. wh3t

would have been

expected on any psychologicaLtheo_l'Y,

and accordingly

during the second pal'tof~the~past-='year~the:c:whole=l3c-:;udy was repeatedon----another group of approximately-800-high drive and low drive suJjects. T:lis~·,7.:-=:.:-

study diffEfred fr~:m the previou.s one-in -two respects:

furtherpre-rest~pl'actice from-six-minutel3. of

periods were introduced,and the restplluaewas lengthened to ten minutes,

reactive

to investigate
during

the possibility

that

the dissipation

iTh'libHion

the I'est pause

might not have but_there

been compl e'beeseems to be no from the original

Analysis

of these re eul,t,., is not yet

the data str,mgly
suppor-t

finished,-

doubt that

the conclusions

derived

-- .;__-~~(~=--,,2 .~~_. __._~~ _~

study. It was hypothesized·~that~_the. failu.,~ .

todiElcQver differences

in
W!;lS

performance between high and low drive groups on-the pursu.it rotor

functa.on of the . task in'lolyt1g, _an\t~severahother~ta:;kiS ha'l~ -been ~ll.. lcyQd d1lrirg p
the past' year;.

ThEfmO$t-.imp~rt;~t!l_t:,ccl:lf'~t~§':_s~:I3.;r~-:(-l_)~eye-blink-conditioning; multipl~_1'eactiontime=deterillinations;crossing _out~exf'erimertts-ofnull1bers (~) easy and difficult and __ tel's; let

(2) self-pac~d clerical-type of paired experiments

(4 )-learning
these
lS~-__

assocte tes~onthe~

memQ1'y~dtj.ll!l. ~QL'lE3_~l.1.t:_l'lot- all-o~

have been completed.=b_ut~a.,n,a_lY_i3is:is~still in progress • --cIt in_the-=-comingyearfurthert.~sts, including

proposed to add t.rthese conditioning

(5) GSR--

I (6) measures--:of-_--p~'cep_j;g__§l::::_!hl:~l1Qlgs ;,(7)

suggefitibili ty

(body sway);' and_{8} _:_m:i.rt_o_r_:_:d~'~wing~ -Arrangements tests to be glven,-but yea,1'.

have <been made for these of. the' grant

approva-t=i=awai-ted-fol'~the¢0";'ltinuation

for a thh'd

rotor

under- conditions

of-spaced practigei:-this

is hoped to throw some light

on ~he puzzling
two
g'l·OclpS.- ,

problem_onth.::;3Sl_i_llll.'~_::_Q!"_ p§I'fQ.!'i.!\§_!l2_e_o differentia t

tethe~~

There has been some delay in_deBlTery of-thE'}--apparatus requested last yearl S:U1ticipate':; been necessdry
liminary data

in

budget

(electronic

t;ape d~ta recc.rder),

and it hasPrea

to continue most of the time with borrowed equi.paent ,

suggest that a very detailed analysis

of per-f'ortnance during and motivation 1000/09C.

cont inuoua t~pping task makes po::'sible measurement of drive aIong quite novel lines.
IIi

this

work we

i1'leaS;J,re

tv the nearest

taps; when these data. areplottedc(particul~dy. taps) involuntaryrestpa'.lses due toinhil)ition

the intervals-between atand out very clearly and

hoped that in the~comin&~ear __cd.efTnitive~stuf.lY along these . lines can be a completed. Below are given~the~publications so_far_resiJ.!t:ng from the study available the

under this grant.-c=In.:xie'll.::of~tl@;:_le_rg.e~ttm'~Jmt.Qf=Pls terial writer has contracted

the main r'esu'lts

at the end of what

form.

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Antioipated Budget In tho last year of the research the budgeJ; sho Ld provide for
c

. two Ii.uearoh Psycholcgi;~~~~~t~-11~~l:!~1a:f~J~ __ a salaryo:t:"_ be added lC~ Institute making atot13.1 Salary' bill

a;'~ one technic,ian at ~

o/_UIt

Tothf$$hQi.l.=id=-··_~ of"~~=-~c=_-_materials,c
.-.-

overheads , equal tC~'Ill~1s_~ng assistanc~,

a total '~e.res,t~st

._~---

There are ~ further .r.or'~~ecretarial analysis

of data andothercomponentsJbr_nging

the total-up

to~_~~~ but there c,)uld not

This is slightlY~Iil.c-axcessof-theainourtt_ant;j.cipfl:ted have been r~egotirlted mcreaeea for salariesf

originally

et cetera,-which

have been foreseen._~ __

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RECEIPT Receipt is hel"eby ackhowledg~do(thefoll()wing:

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that addltl<lDai tuIiQ..YtUl"_Obllftt~_to-r_tla.Pl"ojeet, ..Ul.. fUN .

allou14 Dot tii.CIOi«t. -__ ...

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INVOICE __
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CERTIFICATIONS
(1) NO • It 1s heraby-cerUtlea~-that. tb18_1a_Invo1ce--~ applYJ..as-to. 8ub... r()Ject,_~_ p of MKUll1'RA;=that;:-::w:r.f2_~c.~ls8atlsfaTIorll~tJia\' .:suYieca -are:_~il1g~=c acco~1f.pII8hedin nCtror&n~~vltlCmutual_agreea<ents J_the.t.~ detan~~a~e=O_Q.s;~9r~_.the payments fLl')d recetpt(JUon-flle .i.1LTSfitR1:1J that thl§ bllLlS~J\lS_~~~tl(i=~~ ~

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correct and that payment;:._tliete-or.:.Jia-8iloLy-eT_been~ma.ae-_:=_

Chi ef ;TSD/Resear'ch

.Branch

Date:

(2) It is hereby certUTC<L~_=th1S_=lfivofco_-eppH~~~=to~su13proJect-}-l-!.:.of M<ULTAA wbich was-(lulgpproved, aniitllat the IlroJect,le:c:belos-earrua"Out in aeccrdance vi tb -.h~=meillorafiduru - or":'13~A~riY~ t 1~5J~t'rQrL1.l'le 01 __o_the _Dol A, 0 t and the extension of=tlilLEitithotlty:~ln 8UQS~~U(lntl'&emor.a.ildaT=l-23:;':- .~:=~~?----

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MEMORANDUMFoar

THE·n RBCORD--

SUBJECT . 1.

: -Contlntmt16nof'

MKULTFA .. ~bp1"ojectlll to sUpport,

the~reQea.tc:h,-,---,~ ___

Tbep~Q~~~nQCs~~r?.t~t~~~l~~

program of ~ ..ln h1S~~Udl~~ ~t~t_be~e~8~~~t_~~_mQt1yat1_6b._'rlU_IL~_____ fashion -

york has p~·o$1'essed-'.1tCa. ighlYse.tlsf'e,6t6l1' b year. year's At le,tst-f'our

tor~e._pe~~1~=9..f_9~~_~=_=:== __ past

resea.rcl:Cart1clesi-etemm1na

directzy---ttomt.he

srant su:P~rt,~ve-bee;n

~ubDi1.tted-t6r ubl1ca.tl01L1t:Lpl'.Qfessl-.><.oDa.,..-=1,._·_. p ~~~~

nun-

Journals. ~
8

proeress report is attache~. __ a bighly

competent 1nvestigatoryhOS¢).'ecent

the field of b.uman::mQ_ti'ls..tl~n_. In----s:ddl.t10tf,

he is ll'Aklng5loJrlghly' d~ns_])f'_I.e_e.rn1Jlg

promising
~!,-~Ji~ __..~~ .. n

start tovards relating

1mp_ott@!i_v~1~~~lnt~

,
.'

personality

assessment_to..:.quantltatlve
iii-the

measures or lllo.tlvation.
pas~I:--~t1mo.l~~~. dditional a

UnqUesU:On;;- ..... -. reaearch-In

~
,

ably .. his yorlCWi-lIi~as_l~Ms

n=_.:._~

tM

tield.. studies have no i_dlate

releVance
~.rso~Uty

tor

lona.-term

re'l~!",=lOOnts_lJL.a"laess:nentorlfunlM.motiva.tionand

'measu.remellt Vlain.Urect meana. lend prestlge~to_the

IiiiddU.1.9_Il" thIs 'g~t

willcohtlnue-.to

--

---==---=-

4.Fu11dtne:~qJu<[nltoring()ftbI8~p.roje-et-v.f.n
;

bechandlad.:_b;,,-tbe,~~~
--~---

• ! Accounting-tor

fUhds=

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III" 3
Any
thep~9perty o{

expended shall adaprto--proceg:_qEe~~iitiibnsKed~bY~th~

permanent eqqiprrrent::requ..tLecdJq_r_:_th~proHglwil1_bl!come

the_lllie\.LO!
5.

higher~ove~head·ch.arges.

The:::::estimaled

·c'oSt_of_thiELPl,'oj~ct£or. an.~ll~ditiorl.al yea.r~vril1c=~c_-

be extended project

for a pe_!'~()4-o£ app:J:j2>Q.tnate_IY-sixmonthsl

The cosLofthis
z>:

{or thlsp~ti~d~U~not:::exc-eed AUotmeclcllZ5-139()~39D2.

$5,721. 91. Charges shoitldoe=:~

It is anticip1tted

made against

lnaCtlifCr-ema.rn,ae~r·__

,.i the

funds !orthe

proj~_ct Y~~H_,-wiIrbernade_ayaUable fromF'Y~162 -=='_'

money when

avaUaole.

of this pl'oject.

TSDlResearchBrancn

APPROVED FOR ADDITIONAL OBLIGATION t.:'<' FUNDS: ($7;-272.09 agahist Allotment 2U5~X13!~9t<:O~~~l~~=======-====--=--=-==--==-

======_=__
AttachmElnt: -

__,

/J
Progress
Report ~._~_

14 U'o'r

.-

Distribution: Orig only

. - PROORES-S;P,EPBR'l'-· .----

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The series

of investi~a.tions~ca:rHed

Qu.tduring

the pa,_f\tYEl~1llay

be
'.<

grouped 'in s~vera.hdistinc

t,-categories.:c:_ The •. 'firs t of these' categ<lries" .o..hservation.l'lhich~causedc~~,:,~c for

is concerned wi th_thefollow;';lJ.pci:ofcc.theQ!iginal

,
r~miniscence 'drive
wi thin

scores

on.:..the·IJul'$i.l:J..t::cl'Qtg:t:.w~r~·lllO?lotQnically~rele.ted ..res~\;ork~~=·S''"'~.',",; ~~~ and it had been found-~'.

certaiillimits:-':"'Ifi-=tne=origin3.1strid7pre
.
'

periods

of thre~and~eigl'l~,::_l!Iilll..tt~sll~d~€>e.t(used,

"

signi.fica~tly-different~e.ted.~c-"'1'he:-'da.ta.:,:e.nd_the .:tMory, _.ta.,ken:..together-,····~-. . suggested that~itha.otwo-mintlte+I)i'~-re$t work.pol'iod, ~th~l'e wouldc be:.'=.

it seemed likeli-tbatccalinea.r
. -_ • _"" *'

iiicrea.-se~in;.reminiscence ..... oul.d occuras-_~_~==c '\.

--

in the firs,t· experiment-carried groups were tested -with either

". • -<0 ..

Qllt-= U-.'1deFthe<
. _"_.

grant, -high .•. ailollow. dri.vc- ..

.• -~.."

two or six~mintttes_of pre;'l'6-s'i.: work-=on '

study is u~del'~wa.y_using· still

.Longor- p!,~-rest:-. work periods 'inhibition

in order

to

discover the limit o:t--srowth of reactive

s.nd drive.

"

2.
It 'frilLbo .r<Elmemberedtha.t the method for-ind\lcins differEmces

in drive used by us consists

essentially of either havingthetsst

tests

-----

izicluded in_a battexyof'selection

for a nll1cn-coVGted-indnstrtalt toah'eady

c

apprenticeship~(highdrive}~or~else~givingi apprentices under- low motivatir.ginstructiollS.

acoepted
-

--This sam". situa.tion

rotating

spiral..:.afteI'-effect

(2,3).· ..'rwoseparate

studies

were carried-

out for this purpose ,.-a.ndi~ addition to-drt ve. we studieathe~direction

under- conditionsof'high=-I!'toti'tation,

-length-of~after

effect

was reduced.

groups, serial

nonsense syllableTearning

dbio-levels

of difficulty

lias investig9.ted. - It was fou.''ld thatJas ~Pi'M1Gtedt~learningwas more efficient Under oonditions of hien drive than~under conditions of low

with difficulty

level (4).-.'l'w'o

preli.minarystudies,

\vere ca.rried out

would. bo of these

in the hop~ that tests

ofpersistel'lce

Md paiiltolerance

useful for the objectiye ID.easurement~or-=drive~- In- the fil'st ' studies very high correla.tions were-found-betweM

tolerance for pain,---

using the ;hemo-stimllla.torr and-personali ty .(pD.rticularly ·extraversion). This correla.tion indeed wa.s so higl1 as tothrot; doubt
011

the usefulness

of the te3t as a measure of d:riva independent of personality

(5).

In

·
.

o
..

,.
of l'el8,ti.onship of p§'r~i~t~!l~_§: nd extravolrsion.was a

..

a study of per$istence~,<d¥Tll'lJ1lome~~_p_re~s_i:l}g_at~~stantratio maxim~~ pre s S"',.l.re this )

aga.in f01..md

(6).

Twostudies,~ha.ve~beenc?mp!§l:t:ed~'@t;~ij.Qt:::-y!~;_finally~ ®alyz~d; these an effort-~.as praise or blame.

rnade~to" ind_ucedrive---in;school

children~by=eith~ro=-:=_~~=~~:'::''--~c

The task"-usedwas~pursui

ro;tor-lea.rning;~ and::.the Suojects were

.=~~~~..-.

score used was a) _..erform~,nce~and b) reminiscence.:

a way tha.t children,~high,or=.lO\v~onext_ra.verstQp."introversion_a.nd n€mrotici'sm were.=.chosen-

~.__ ~~

__~=C"::::L

and assignOd.

tq.the. various
"

cells

of an ana.lysis:::;-;_c~-

'

reports

in the-literature-using-thismethod-of"

manipulating

drive

were

reminiscence;----ccccBelow are listed~ thecc"Pfoopers-which' have resulted from the wox'k done

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tbis

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(2~ It la hereby cert!fied~th}.tth1s~in'lOiC~apPlbrf$-=to-=subPr')jel7t_Ul .. ~ of XKU!ll'AA which vas duly apprC'',fcQ-,-sruF-tteEtM_proJect is be1ng c.a.rrleo _out.::_::_,-,=-=~ in eccorcence vltb th~u.e,norGmlu;I1'T1t l3Apr1L195-3-y~_;tha rcres t.'r£DD/A. en'l t,\~ exteosionofthli e.uthorUy ln. sub~eql~nt roe~IlO:rMda.

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MEMORANDUt·t FOR:

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THE--RECORD_~~- -----------------

SUBJECT 1.

: MKULTRA~SubprQjectlll

of
~in'
nl1s-~It.U:d)'=Ol:-4

~~sal~iScca.ttachedf":~-=-::~=
2.
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~
ndtrectlY3ndica.ted~in

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the-:cproPQsal-much=-n-;=~ th:Sory =and~Y';;--=-

interest

is~in-c::th.~_non-cogn1U'le_:~a$~ets- of ~rsoru;.lityc

sonali ty measurement _wbicn __ ls_ifLs.cCCil'ii witli- TSD1cB' s~16ng-tefu

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psychologists-on--::=the internationaLsce-ne- tOday M~ agrant=to

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manne::-i Accounting tOl:'th--e-t'illlds

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the proccdures_:_'pr~_:_iQ\lsly ~eStiiOl:[l:;Md=P~~

equil1lnent req~.re-d:LQr~~~~_a)roject ViU'becofuetnepI"o~rt:i_-o=t'_c.>.t,,"h=e=.~=,-,~~~~~~~

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5. Tbe_estimated -cost~of_thi-s_<pr9Ject Y111~l:/E!; $14,000.00 for a
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be

limited

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6•. No-oleared :or'::'w1ting~rs.ons~~re_ccQncero.ed, ~-tJ:i~-:the-~cond1ict,t

of this proJect..-::--·

APPROVED FOR-OBLIGATION~-

OF FUNDS:

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Distribution: .'; ·.····

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~~~uotion. measuring
n<... t

"' PSYQ!iologhh hev~ suooeeded._r~usonabl'y_"'eU-:ir1=-c,--:==cc~_=-

fbi l1tie8~~h8rning-;~8!id-eWI'\.~.S(lm~
m.UCh prognlu

perS9naUty=.traits;
rii6ti

th'y_ll8.~_~_
__ !'ls

mfl'~

with

the me8SUI"e~ntot'

"'(ltion _ord.r1v'e.:_ Th.~_-

in.lting

:oouibi litY .. .... ingthe-Hull~T()JiIlMrOtm.uJation_or_perf·oinil<nce ~f s

,)1'

runetlon
uuful
br.:Jlt

dri W and ha

bit for the_measureineritOf

-lri ve hes_no41v~lf"--:==~c____....••. :•.•

C'eaults7/ith

hJil'l8hiSuoj~t)!~8use
in

of'=-t.1i~c <Ufficultyo!'-e:iuatiri,g

3t(~n...;th~(AAd .lsodrrferences

sonny.).

1[115

gen.e~sr::·fai1\l~_~~_-~~~~
~ffects=== -_

to 5ubjectdriv~ large d<\e,

~r~ljS

or motiv8t.ion_to_a:_proper'_:_tllleD.~ii_a.;ive=tmalys_is

in psyc.Ml.0gy ... ,bothon

the theoretic-lllAnd:;'o-n-._:tne--=pracHcel

and ~. nstitut.,L-Qne_of' ~thej'iQstfurideoorit!.1--":'.ef'lmer3s~s----;~f'=modern

behav!OI.Jr sc1enc~.·- _It~-818o has:obvious~bpncl!ti0nsfcr"--other

Sll·~t'.
!' l

-disci~li.nes,

psyehilltrYLPllychoan_!ilis1s;-e-n'i-s-ocio~oij:-

·Th-e.--'reMfirch".-:.proje<:!:t,,-,<c=-.==~=c-

J)copo8~d ~;:,!'re~i8 intend·i·) ~ to·ifive.st

the dr'va coneept

ig8~e..tl1epc>ssil:lJJit-t";:o1"~~\.lbje~cti.ng

to experiment. aririve S t.i£stiori~~·.:f{th_;_the-n~?e~t.ha t~a-- --~;_

useful

q~nt1t8tive
The

:nel'ts\i:reofmotii.jStlonw6uld~emerg~~~~~_~
X-=0f-3lrLve.-:.i

.... __•.:: ~_,

~:_::__::~_:::=

oex.. ~:cc=~fie=-uro:-'os8ii=4nde
of' l'>minbmenC-~8na-:through

s _- lost::~':'_c~J;J -.~,t~ta;cthec"c~COOC~7 c t ,)f.' react.4veinhibition hlu,edcha3been~~_c

concert (Hull, put

it to thflt

l~!.}.}-Themosl:

eATHcH_t'orm

or~netheory~cto

fOI"lft:ro

by f,imQl.o (1949)i~nd.=8ccordinglY~it-71~.n

be rerei'redt6~in-= for_the·general

__ th-is~c~-

proro3e~

llS t~.e--Hu+l-Ki-n..ble~t.he6Ei~~·nere-i3nluch~csupport 8lt~oughcn·t&i n=r.'srts-of it tire ~ither

theory,

-of_dol..lbtfulv81Iiefcor'_~-.

~t1n1t.~=t:!?'~.
.b$'''hon~ that du~tngll':UUd ~acUvtL~nhlbitloJ\

(~C\ ••

y.

indlo.t.a.;...hin

pos8ible imp"' ..... nO

To put it qui.h pnQHC~f of _Any_~~ep~ualj ia=be1ng_,.ner&ted;

briefl.Y,~h~-=tn'orymaJnta1.rt.

r~()tor_or_cogIl_1t1v.:_jaak_~ dODl!e1Ved~ot_as~ildM:__--ac_tl_II'

or I\eI.1rItLfiUiUi-wnloli-c<>WilereQi_,~itornle.nco,'
and dhdpate. ql.1Mtitl du.dng_I'EI~~-=--Jt gr(llrs up to

thb"a'

(l'legat1 ve' c1rt_~._-- _ _a short

m-

tM PoinLwh$X'e_U_:_eq,u81illf:::-::tor~thstaotthaLthe
stoPI_tor

t.h. P9IUl~_ ddwwb1ch

is_resp~l\Sibh'

orgMisra _~ti'g_l1ll8=at.l1f°:Wlientliis
ti!1le,

hapPi~~rton.lnca
occurs.

aM 8Jl_involunh~re~Lp<l_riod_(I.R.P.)
until

During-~t6_fsore$t=of

period 1nh_ibiUon_dlsdpatu. post t 1W)

H_i.s_luttic1.ently~~~(.'IL_thel-"vel

the_

dr1.ye:__tor=p;o-l'fonnencLto_ beglD_egdn;
I_;R~!>Fli--=pwue~d,Mdao

1t_:_bu11d.5::_up-~ eg-a11Lun.... __ t._"i=1

another

on ad. it..!:n1'~.l!in!!.:l~t:.!:!.\lm~~ ••·.cc=-_~~~~~~~===~==c

is, intr~os.~~e4.,-JAtO=-~l)h-cycle,

It 'no""_a-:long reaWilJ,la~~( all

10 min. or 80)

__

or n~arIglL:J:iLthe_r-ese:HH_tnhibitiol\._'l{hich-:ha'':-8c¢Uln\llatodJJill Ube much_b~ltte r att~r"";~he-:,maW8uS$ __hM.HT

d1 u i 1:'& t.& ,-en~l·ronu,nce_."i

had been betONt_

It w111 be:'I~I1_tron

THisbprowlIlent

is of'_ten_Nf~ITI!Id-=t(Laa_ "i"5mirilacence.it

'

theCIHt18 __ thit_hu_been_88id~that_llnd'lr_tavour8ble

__ · ---

01rcums t ~

ILt hilL rem i n1sce nee e t'fect ..mey be~used-asame8s

U:raof ~a.rlw~ --:---

Inhibition~'bo.1l1os=U2unHl1t-e'lu.ii".dd~;
monotonlc-N1:ltlon_~tw .. n inhibition_and_drive.

cl,naeq,uMl~_l.Y-:' tner'trw11rbe-&-~-_=~_=~Rbininisc~n:ce°ia 6.lL1ndeX and it

ot

tb.,

i.

~t-=-or

lnhlblHon.'«'hlch_hu_beeneccwnuhted re1a.tiotLbetween_inhibition

-anCLdhsipa.ted,

there wUl

i., II monotonic

en-i_::dtivetthenreininiscence~

alao b!L.if 1nde:x_or_arf"~

groups

This~proposition'can-bo:.testedb'y tnd_l~ leyel_oi'

JX>etulat~~--t~.t

at
t

I_h_ign

driw

respectively

should

dH'ter with I'u~ct

to reminiscence,

and some rttthercinconclusiveevfdence

-'-"~"-'--'

'.-_

-.--.-.~.,-,.~---~.-,. ..
,--",

,.

">.:::.-.:'.~.": ..'."'~.".

~;--.:-:'.'- ..

""

has 'b6e~ gberLon_thh 'reaearches,

!'oinLbi Ki.:ilbH (1950) Ada ''1ass~nn~~(19S1ir--;-CTlieir-' _.--inter.:!s~ sUffered' fro'll the·r8th~rs!n8.11

~.,.

:1

""hila ofccruiderablo

respect

to, rel'!'linisc:~oceJ- but· also {11f1t,-thi.s-djffereMe:

shouldbe::luch_ntge_rc~=-=:-

atte r a 1ong-;-p~. ri~.ot'pr'i_t;~j.Q~~~h8h_i~

from

t~l":~=~ti()11~:ri;_~'=_~ tLf()11(1N~ __-r-:~

M.~asY"'1ptote_

th~ g!~ rd::-theOr~that~fnHce-nceifnI~re8ch'

;yill!n cc=--.o:_~... ~c .....c. ..

also

bad Nached'::'i t8--=isYW!t-Qle;~~ thJs~p_Qi_nC_tlie_difference-=in

__

_-

I"!l"Iini,cence -shoa'ld.stibi

liie-~ (See~Fig;I~.)

perrormaOC$=contrasted_:Lllliri

.._Bnd8'1l1n.

prsct Ice periods_, ~a after

2 min.~

knew that.

theil',

o'~r"~onJ.\mc,~ .~ould in-:-riO '.'te.Y--:~rf~~ot t h'~ir acce~t(.nCe6Y

----_._"""

-fiJ,;F.I(>e

scores

01'

the~lOl9 drivegro\l!):\

aftersnC'r'"E'ndlolli

pr~ctic~re.s~~ec':i.vely8 '.' V~l"J'!')ng

(R :: • 54 f~nd'-'-0-51 ~'res::ecH-~(}ly:)~Thei~~:'Il_c-hOl'level',. dirrer-.n~~t·o,r~thehighdrlye-gr",)UI)~i'oi·~the It

~o hfUt

i l,~rebld

'con,H tions

(R,= .8(~nd T.5C~~~--

wi 11

Also he-nClt'1a-thet~a~redl~te~ren~

drive~t'O(f?:._:ei~o:i-~s__::a"=' -;-;-;-.-c=~~

high~r on both:::oc~asio!'lS,
outcc>::.e of the ej(t)~r=mnt,

but ~Z:Hcu'l8rlY~-Qllc:thahttter.~h~r,)gjtiv~:.._-

highl_j-=~JgIli.ficEnt:'()["~eU-=p~t~!-btedd.ilB~I\"1~e3,

8-l.u_sn tit (, i 'N=.aefi.!Ui~~ dr~!! t

~u

It lsc:int,gresting~to:_1'l6te__thl'

t the

pr-:-... esL perfNtlfahc,:L-sf--th~ r

-high:': ~r~l

~1[.t

t~;~~}:

:'5~:_ .. ~ii2;

in dr i V~'Nil: be pr-oduced-=lri~tha

manneroutl5ned

e ocve , by reference

-to

real==~--

dri ve s of this

stl'ength~p.nnot

bepiodu'~ed

in the

Labor-s t.oi-y,

!t is eLao

R'W.m

u4 ~iahDJn.h

(cigmtJe-.- -alidrieeb;

ShOeks. )

It\__thU-

""ay~~m_'_=~_~c=~~
altho~---C --(1A'f\U'M

ll~er 4&~~ce"ofcnmlnf!oeMe_ODarl"-cou1d_'be-inTelti8ated.

'ho

uta

n.urcll-~OQlwnl_cOIlUfll.'4_to

betbe~"uU_rOtor,

ION

won "i11~tljo~ht=doM-"H~LotbiEp.ro_.p\\l!1_~'-M motor tux.

.l~.btt

pruUacr--jplnl aft.r.,.._"t{~i);
u.-=of ,e~r,l.,~liditl
l:)i

__\hlllf111 •• neto
OQ

ahOlll'thl>\

~-

GOl'lCluaio~

Md.notrde~M~t Meenan_to

OM r.dicl,l,),it':-_tm.~==;-

..

ot appantlMh n-1rlU-';-:liOlrI1'tlr.
P'oM,t,d\

cOMtr\l.ot ..

n« typeot' ttl-:--•__ .__ ~

__--~

l'Otor-t'ol' __ thll __ '4'ork-lrLde'!t

of_thO Mmona\ratioa

b.)' BahrlOk:,_l'i

• .D4 Jrlgs. (l')7) thattbe eMIl

typical on--<>tfaeorOi

ot ·pgn:JU\-rotor_c~rfo~

n..

iah~h4o~U.Mt

40 not shoW' • liM&.r l"'Slitioil-toleaniin.go

. , ooeUn~"~rlD.g_~uit-r:otol"_h&~l:li~n4eiigM~\_1IL_o\lrworJf~hoPJ "\IIOnl
"plN_Of_::_thti U ..

~~

"oUl~~_wrn_ Md-Ulod;--(TtA _ulcQt1.1 r•• tuie_::_otthu

a.overal-mihl-iMuU a.round __ the_eenha.l __ --,-,-

'ppent4UI

bthtPrOvi.iollot

target

diD,.- 'M ... neoDoOOfttrlo.

ead.-iii.ju.litidtrOll_::_eMb._o_ther_IInd_~_tM,

QM\,.d dl.lOJ-· CODhot or-1;M-atl11D w1thO&~n-=-Mul,ua-=PI"Q~-o-'~o~_lit-1A_Vj~Ije1,y~ ~l'OpOrllou~--:tO:::tMdb'e.ricoQtth$

b\-va~

...

rlngtl'OlJtbO_dbo~I\::__hpouil>li\o
diso8M:rlna~) ¢hqos-

..

.leo,.·._ tr'OVl._tho=.Uac_:dooo;_orfrcG

Ixpt~MllooMi
t"hle \~

HOell; -",ow.Q_8mJ)6U he-(1)

inleriith-orpi'o.:~,t
...

an4 (2) ®f,Q,S'IiAb",tbof ~~t.rs-UoA.x~rUc~;tq",.otK.15Ovo·

",t peu.s~I.
L"'O

The- pe.rlJl'iOteI'l~clfOlentor-

not nkol'-~o't:O:Opt~l'-~~---~Onu.tion on_thil

H 1r~uld ~. OM· tule ottM-j~.tl~nr::_to~proT-1d49

ft!, ~~9"UO;d.---.rgw-~\ ~"

point.__-~----'

roge.r-diM )..,j)gtb of pn_~UQ:O p"r1od hullniaj-:-=::-----: ~lcrUn.sto h¥h of ndpau!4

i.. U.".QUallj':--~
1

.... :M.OM~~~~~T r t~~

>1~_ulU"" ~..t'1r·,..~1~-g-,-~ou.-F~ ).&~!,~ _.c'O!-9IIJla~o_t\_j."" .• _inhi.b1 I

tias.,

wouldd...1.u

iPI t..

be IlOr&id.yantAgeolis_r~~

obhining Jllsrked dii7tfren¢ea-i~re!hbiaeence

acons

bebre.n_biib ..... M._lQlr-drl ve_&rw~c s

J.tu.rther_aet

ot~e.xporimenta

is_plan.ned~nvolYf",jhe

uae of-positive

~~

teed ..b~ok d.eai~~. _ tn aom~LPX'eviov..s resea hu u.sed=i'elathely_Ml9rl (1' to_2') pnotiC-e- .p~rloa., 8epanted.-b"-c.)~.Na·\ ~rio;~~~iriG~~noU6h~tothl)' appearance-ot'
-

pause.-:tQ-::iii'5aif~the-point-wh&M-cpractice
produce-I. R. P. so.--'lhh--poi~k-i:l-ind8xC!d~b.7be lie~d=-IO.

------------_.--..a. phenomenon
tselt~
~~.

..

\lC--;lU& - ~o~:he-ext
\,-----

inctioIl",qf-.condl

t i.oned~lnhlbftion,~hich-i
:r,.R.P~ii~to=th~condltionorc<

is pr04lolc6d__bYt~r~inforcelMnt-givell.~bY:=!he "not 'Narkina_~O~_~~~~~~ion

.. ;

__of_=_q<LMH~oned·InhTbiti:n.S~it~er~ th~t nau.se-hover,-;

by a ptonouoced-up... lt1n.sJ ..n tha_"forkcu.rve after a and addhionaLto

thl!L nlllinlaoance ~f-t'ect.-A 8u·~t&ble=1~h&\b_~9f-1forkcperiod al,lOh-that h1&~d,dve groups-do=t1oL~tproduce--.

CAn in the0r.1~bechonn

-----------_~-

~~-------------------- would.. condi t iOMd3Dhibii i~h1lt the_latter

.

I .R.P.a,' whll&_lt'W-d.rht'-gt2upa-

do;. th~~_!h\Lt'on!l~I'c'lfouid-not=!>roduce
As -eondHIoM(i-i~ibit ion ---/

1&

theoret1callj':_:co~idered-to-

be~ac hl'bit..whieb.

dbe!l-not-d.Giip8to~.1ntime,
groUp~hoUlabe60!l1e !Dore and more

it should be add.1t1vo. d.lttoNnthtt<LtX'"Olll

,nd thus tht-low-drlve

the high drlft_8I'QYp,,=}.gain pQ.lnLottho

the-prs~fio-=til!\~et"'V"lathis w81

1nyolved. ~(>\lld -bi-f.h.~ cruo-hl

exporlll\:lntjscanly.,1l1

can we conat1"U¢t tha beglnnings~ot--~'tl'-qu&nt.it,aUve

I
I

t.heoryot'drlve.

J. th1i\Lut

ot experl:nent-re1etes
~~~.

to !- ~9ll\pf!rh:>n of the pnsent -l'!\Othod.. _--

I i

ot mu:s\U'l~~difV6:;rith-"lt~l1Utiv~
trom
scme

method ... __::in~P8rt;iculartlt\iouid.-~~

.--

unI"Obl1sMd~\·ofk-J~in'-tnb-!"b9ra~!,ry_th.!lt;.ert'onllaneema,y_be-~!Ilo.~31.U"~meht

us~rul for the

of d.d.'Ie undo r bTQl'i' the.l' dlff'eront

coMi HOfi8.

(8) Then

r"rfo~o·

habit
~~----~~~--~~~.

t roe qtb,_()l' __ bi1H 1

i'

then Iitttoronc.s is ·.in ptt'(oftUn~ - .~m:_iJLthiot7

&i4 61lUHl1 to dltterint3 ..

in iMibiUOl'l- and-dr{ye~
indicative of_strengtb

NrtonMt\6e..:.;.eeremn\jof drive. -itlf'1n ..

Wl!er tM'uoondiUoMwou14_'t>e • ~~U~~ '~

I04UllUb
.- ;~.

~:c_~hd

tt.tlI!OII1l.l_lel~ted·gro.u~ .do 'no.Lditter

'"~.

Uo.s _of''':' I l'IhiM\ lot\~ G~i tei:Arlys_lt

rensth 'sboul&--tKI.1i:-De"ut ..- .....

ill I'&h~t

'''~'-~---cl

I".. ter ~iNllottnhibHtol'1. Itrla11lnoslf, tub

'0 the.t low-drl."s~pt.:3hQl.lld,.hQr.~.arlier~

ndthe point ot the.rptrLMftt~"Ould..bt-£

-- -~:.,

ana ,nlhr4eo"'.i'l\_LtkL~a.ilCi~C:-holen _lrouEt...M_:-or-the: tm kne-fLAt_

.,
!>

~o oompare ttte...AMOunLot"re-elMnt
~

110

. 1>1 ob&e~d._b&tlfeen_thila.nd_-t'f"_8-_-_· ----n 11.

'UbJHt..
(b)

l'-bwt11mc.1l_thlt_hia,h
011 .
.'

drive W h~Ye~lU.",
.

or n&&,U'ft
tlik-_--~

•tt.ctl
.
, '. • •

Luml~~ft~on
.. -.
d'

"" "!; ",

._ • .

csria.1_n_charachrhtici=-otthe~
. _..~.: ':

-f. .~
I
i
----~c~c·

t~
~

'lor suy t~.b,-.here_the

Ph.,.Ulq

habib_l.N_~t_y_~r!-'~~llnl-d.y, J.tor4ftliOUl\OM

h1gb_4ri~-iilPrO"i~

te.
~.".

pert~

~"iiiIins-hlbih'N=-liol-adiPfi4 _ ~_~~~.;~~ _f~. tk. hak, k~_4rh •• _}l_~l1frahiJ\g the int_:ome\ h_.. 'blh-._lMu'~~rlOI-;-.uMi:.~-~_-j t ~l ItON 4ltIt4\lU.-l(=-I&_,~~ to d~q ~uU __ t()tbr-])t-rl'o~~(l) Undezi fJ ~\;'.
I.where
110Rl.d Ooa4iUOI\IM4_(2) I'tfltn4 (lliftOr)_Y'ilioI1J

with tM lub.1~ot

"'.O_l'klM~r-aondinont~ot-:------

~J.: ..
----:c--.

:,f.-.:..

it is Prtdioted th.t 111th.tirttiJ1.ttw

h1a,=h__

4rt .. wou14 t'Oll{ht~LPf_rtOlU~1\Ci,.whileinthe

4eP"" wUh ~. pertOl'll4AOf.

.eooM inahnee HJI'Ould---fH

outlinid &00"1--_.-work in -the tie1dot

~,'

tte.ulh-otth1.t-'X'PtrllMn~_~al.C)would-0t--oo~ro4-------

i'-t: .~~~
I. ~ .. J~

<Ntoome_ot_tbd otbern()-meuuru_ot~drlvt

b .. w.ILI1lIUent.hLt

•• tunLotth,

writer's'

__ ~ __ -:-;; ..
'"

... ~

J ...

,'j,; .... ..r_,.,-......_..

.... ~_.!;.

..
'\)UnA UP.ihhib!t.!s!? '
introverts ..-ILi s- -. .,_ ~----'1UicklX and dissiR;~te-:-4-t-d(;Wl..I;
".c:._- ......... ""'"

--.----

. In ~~cl,.llart

it n&s~en

sh~nt~at;

~vatts ihelt

---__ th11-shOlrs-

b7~thelr·g~ibr·remini~~nce

scores ~hen hsted u.nae~idenHcal'c=~

a ele&rl)"~Jl~c~S~fry~tC)~eontrol~thh-==-="---=dnote-3 ~hla tudy~toth~LinterDCHon .

condi t1C<MlI'Uh

pe rsona 11 t1verbble

;Tnrrt-:-pi~~Lto

of the drl~"u1able_6nd_th~_tem.per&~nt J..p_£U"&.tu!

-V8.l'bble.-=-- -

end ~]U.!~~t.'_".'"'5.the

~aearchll'ould::_-~quIre-thr"

~·· .. uilt...cb
.. ~-------

punul_t bigb-.~ bo~o analY8is

i-oton-ot..c-\he-ded,gu

·40scrlbe~LaboveL----lt. would:-l\130"lU1I'f!

-reC:~r~- with ,,~pIU'iar~Th.whlch-abould-l:'le-a.dMd .-(or

totsLooaLof=-{~~uipmenLwould use of el~ctrorJc

bQ

cornPUter __

or -da h

=..
~.nd

,tor

- puro."lue ot c1'~~~tu~to-

otfe~-"_1neent.i~~8,

!,!,£I~.l,-.-~
and org.n1&.

T!~-eraduate-Mj'Ohologhts "Yould...be-re-:-iUired-to-C;ai-ryout
Ina&Ut100,

__

--ceo'

--

the .ol'kO(l__tbiL-p~j&¢t.

Oil~Lt'ull ..tilflo!l-te<:h."lioiaA -~-

wou.ld t. re'llUrod _t"lIIa.kl!Lan4 IJIdnta.1n~th~ spparat.u.s..--cartj':'-ol.lt and tra.n..porl and Nt up-the apparatWJ

~i~:
eaoh;

in dHtn&nt iDdu.trialorg~.ationa,.---inclu,dn

fh.I ub17

tc:r-the_uo=~~h~i~gbh.
would

of 1nbUriM~~ end 101 ol'$rh6~d

that

ob.rg .. of.' UlectNitft\.i,te

tor~a~lnlstraUon,

lrOUld__~-'_'" coal fQr a' three-yoar

ot

the

technlci~

be.i""_o __otal T
0C'i).

perlod-lt'ould='ba

IpproxW\~~;~_;-'35t p'\lHt!~nit.~_lt1s-t'lropo
appUc.Ucn
"

.. Lto plan-the-wofk-de30'rlb!d-X~_thb
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