C

Sine rule:
b a
a b c
= =
sin A sin B sin C
A c B

or
sin A sin B sin C
= =
a b c
Sine rule is used when

(a) 2 angles and 1 side are given,

(b) 2 sides and the non – included angle

are
given
(a) 2 angles and 1 side are given,

14

x 48°
75°

(b) 2 sides and the non – included angle

are
given
9 cm 16 cm

76°
(a) 2 angles and 1 side are given,

14 a b c
= =
sin A sin B sin C
x 48°
75°

x 14
=
sin 48° sin 75°
14
x= ×sin 48°
sin 75°
x =10.77cm
76°
Exercise

x a b c
= =
sin A sin B sin C
9.3 53°
62°

x 9.3
=
sin 62° sin 53°
9.3
x= ×sin 62°
sin 53°

76°
(b) 2 sides and the non – included angle
are
given 48°
16 cm sin A sin B sin C
75°
9 cm = =
a b c
76° x°

sin x sin 76
=
9 16
sin 76
sin x = ×9
16
sin x = 0.5458
x
76° = 33°5'
Exercise

10.2
sin A sin B sin C
x° = =
6.5 a b c
70°

76°
Ambiguous case:
2 angles can be drawn based on the
information given.
B

x
A C
C’
Ambiguous case occurs when :
(a) 2 sides and a non-included acute angle
(b) The angle given is opposite to the
shorter side of the 2 sides given.
B

c a

x
A C
C’
 C
Cosine rule:
a
2 2 2
a = b + c − 2bc cos A
b

A B
or
c
2 2 2
b = a + b − 2ab cos B
or
2 2 2
c = a + c − 2ac cos C
Cosine rule is used when given

(a) 3 sides

(b) 2 sides and an included angle

C

5 cm x

30°
A 12 cm B
 C

a 2 = b 2 + c 2 − 2bc cos A
5 cm x

30°
A 12 cm B

2 2 2
x = 5 +12 − 2(5)(12) cos 30°
x = 8.07cm
Exercise
a 2 = b 2 + c 2 − 2bc cos A
(a) 6 cm

4 cm
x°
3 cm

(b)
65°
4 cm 4 cm

x
76°
 C
Area of triangles
1
b a
ab sin C
2
A B
 C
Area of triangles
16.2 cm 1
ab sin C
49° 2
A B
18.4 cm
1
= (16.2)(18.4) sin 49°
2

2
= 112.48cm
Exercise
1
area∆ = ab sin C
4 cm 2

30°
7 cm

76°
 a 2 = b 2 + c 2 − 2bc cos A
sin A sin B sin C
= =
a b c

1
Area of ∆ = ab sin C
2

Tips: ∆ACD, cosinus rule

Tips: ∆ABC, sine rule

b) Calculate the area of ∆ACD. Tips: ∆ACD, area