Design Progress

Professor: Dr. Braham Barkat

Advisors: Dr. Lisa Lamont
Dr. Nader Vahdati

Team Members: Ahmad Sh. Abdelrahman 920013393
Basel H. H. Madi 920013426
Hesham Osama Helal 920013769
Solaiman Hosam Sowwan 920013649

Submission Date: Monday, December 19, 2011






Energy Harvesting From
Vehicle Motion for Low Power
Electronic Devices
1

Table of Contents


Page Number Title
2 Executive Summary
3 ntroductioIn
3 Background
4 Problem Statement
5 Project Specifications
5 Project Goals & Objectives
6 Project Team
7 Completed Work
7 Work in progress
7 Work Remaining
8 Testing and Validation
8 Project Schedule
8 Facilities and Equipment
8 Budget
9 Reporting. Documentation, Maintenance and upgrade
plans and documentation

9 Deliverables
9 Summary
10 ReIernces
10 Appendix
List of Figures:
Page Number Title
10 Fig[1]: Technology improvements as opposed to
capacity.
10 Fig[2]: Energy Harvesting Process.

11 Fig[3]: Generic Model of direct-force generator.

11 Fig[4]: Generic Model of inertial generator.

11 Fig[5]: Generic Model for vibration energy harvester.

12 Fig[6]: Objective Tree

List of Tables:
Page Number Title
12 Table 1: Summary of Maximum energy Densities for
the three types of transducers.

6 Table 2: Team members Background and Roles

7 Table 3: Energy Harvesters Comparison
9 Table 4: Cost Analysis
13 Table5: Linear responsibility chart
2


Executive summary:

In the 21
st
century, the demand of new energy sources to replace the current non-renewable ones is being
studied and researched throughout the world. The UAE government has also been active in the process of future
energy and energy harvesting techniques with world renowned examples such as Masdar, World Future Summit
and Zayed Future Energy prize. From the various sources of energy harvesting, ambient motion harvesting have
been an active ingredient for researchers all across the world.

The team was requested to design, build and test the device for energy harvesting from car motion in order to
determine the effectiveness and efficiency for a motion harvester to power the low-power electronic devices in
the car. The design should be easily mounted on the car without any modifications to the car. In addition to this,
the device will provide maximum output efficiency depending on normal driving conditions in Abu-Dhabi city.
Furthermore, the device materials will resist normal environmental effects such as humidity, wind and
corrosiveness.

This progress report is to demonstrate the team interest, capability and understanding of the project.
Additionally, it will show the team current progress in the design in terms of work finished, in progress and
remaining. The team finished the preliminary theoretical and simulated design as proposed in the proposal in
December 2011. Moreover, the device will be built, tested and modified accordingly by the 17
th
of May 2012.
Additionally, the team will provide a detailed report on the design and operation processed of the device. The
initial team plan for the design is mainly divided into four parts. They are the motion harvester device, control
and signal processing, power output rectification and stabilizing and the harvested power storage. This
subdivisions designated to team members will help in keeping track of the work done, in process and left in each
part.

The team design process involves taking into consideration the need to meet international standards in both
electrical and mechanical systems and to keep a time frame for testing and validation of the design.
Furthermore, the team will evaluate the different solution approaches based on their performance, economic
tradeoffs and environmental effects. Additionally, the team will deliver monthly progress reports and
presentations with mentors. In addition to that, the team will submit maintenance, upgrade and user manuals
were applicable.




















3

1. Introduction:
In the 20
th
and 21
st
centuries, rapid development in technologies and electronic devices was introduced.
Although these technologies have successfully reduced power consumption, yet, batteries have always been the
main source of power for these devices where upgrades to its capacity were limited this can be seen in Fig [1].
Batteries problem is that they must be recharged/replaced and eventually disposed resulting in harming the
environment and reducing operation time for electronic devices since batteries power gets depleted over time. In
order to overcome this issue, researchers have been looking onto a continuous power supply for device based on
ambient environmental conditions such as temperature and machinery motions such as vibration. The process
by which energy is readily available from the environment is captured and converted into usable electrical
energy is called energy harvesting [1].
Energy harvesting mainly consists of four different stages. The first stage is harvesting the energy
using one of the viable harvesting methods such as piezoelectric, electrodynamics, photovoltaic, thermoelectric
or kinetic [2]. Embedding an energy harvesting method with an electronic device doesnt necessarily mean that
the power harvested has to be enough to power the device itself; actually, the harvester power is usually used to
charge a temporary storage system such as an ultra-capacitor or rechargeable batteries after being regulated and
stabilized with a DC-DC converter. After the power has been stored and rectified, the power has to be delivered
to the required electronic device using a MCU if needed. All this process can be summarized in Fig [2].
Energy harvesting has several industrial applications such as remote patient monitoring, efficient office
energy control, surveillance and security, agricultural management, home automation, long range asset tracking,
implantable sensors, structural monitoring, machinery/equipment monitoring [2].
One of the main growing fields in energy harvesting is powering wireless sensor networks (WSNs)
since they require low power with vast application. One of the main wireless sensor applications is the wireless
sensors in a car such as tire-pressure-monitoring systems (TPMS) and Keyless Go sensors. Although WSNs
energy harvesting is being studied as the vibrating source is the sensor itself, the team aim is to provide a
separate power source for the WSNs in the car using the motion vibrations of the car itself. In general, energy
harvesting application can be any electronic device that has limited battery life and is not supplied with
continuous power supply.

2. Background:
As the conservation of energy law by Einstein states that Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can only
be changed from one form to another, the energy harvester that will be designed will harvest energy from
kinetic movements specifically vibrations. In order to understand the current motion harvesting systems,
limitations, components and operation details, it was important to perform a background research. This section
shows the current vibration harvesting systems and their performance limits.

Motion generators are generally of two types those that utilize direct application of force and those that make
use of inertial forces acting on a proof mass. The operating principle of a direct-force generator is shown in Fig
[3]. In this case, the driving force f
dr
(t) acts on a proof mass m supported on a suspension with spring constant
k, with a damping element present to provide a force f(z) opposing the motion. If the damper is implemented
using a suitable transduction mechanism, then in opposing the motion, energy is converted from mechanical to
electrical form. Direct force generators must make mechanical contact with two structures that move relative to
each other, and can thus apply a force on the damper. [3]

On the other hand, the operating principle of inertial micro generators is shown in Fig [4]. Again a proof
mass is supported on a suspension, and its inertia results in a relative displacement z(t) when the frame with
absolute displacement y(t) experiences acceleration. Inertial generators require only one point of attachment to
a moving structure, which gives much more flexibility in mounting than direct-force devices and allows a
greater degree of miniaturization. [3]


4

In order to generate power, the damper will be implemented by a suitable electromechanical transducer.
This will done using the following:
i) Electromagnetic Transducer (inductive):
The electromagnetic transduction is generally based on Faradays law which states that Any change in the
magnetic environment of a coil of wire will cause a voltage (emf) to be "induced" in the coil. No matter how
the change is produced, the voltage will be generated. The change could be produced by changing the magnetic
field strength, moving a magnet toward or away from the coil, moving the coil into or out of the magnetic field,
rotating the coil relative to the magnet. [4]. Electromagnetic power conversion results from the relative motion
of an electrical conductor in a magnetic field. Typically the conductor is wound in a coil to make an inductor.
The relative motion between the coil and magnetic field cause a current to flow in the coil. A device that
employs this type of conversion is shown in Fig [5]. For one thing, a strong magnet has to be manually attached
to the device. Additionally, just how much this magnet and its motion would affect electronics in extremely
close proximity is an open question.

ii) Electrostatic (Capacitive):
Electrostatic generation consists of two conductors separated by a dielectric (i.e. a capacitor), which move
relative to one another. As the conductors move the energy stored in the capacitor changes, thus providing the
mechanism for mechanical to electrical energy conversion. The most significant advantage of electrostatic
converters is their potential for integration with microelectronics. Silicon micro-machined electrostatic
transducers are the backbone of Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology. MEMS transducers
use processes very similar to microelectronics. Therefore, because of the process compatibility, it is easier to
integrate electrostatic converters based on MEMS technology than either electromagnetic or piezoelectric
converters. The primary disadvantage of electrostatic converters is that they require a separate voltage source
to initiate the conversion process because the capacitor must be charged up to an initial voltage for the
conversion process to start. [4]

iii) Piezoelectric:
Piezoelectric materials are materials that physically deform in the presence of an electric field, or conversely,
produce an electrical charge when mechanically deformed. This effect is due to the spontaneous separation of
charge within certain crystal structures under the right conditions producing an electric dipole. At the present
time, polycrystalline ceramic is the most common piezoelectric material. Like electrostatic converters, one of
the advantages of piezoelectric conversion is the direct generation of appropriate voltages. The single
disadvantage up to this point of piezoelectric conversion is the difficulty of implementation on the micro-scale
and integration with microelectronics. [4]

Based on data from [4] and shown in table [1], when comparing maximum energy densities of all 3 motions
to electrical conversion methods, the team decided to use the electromagnetic generator method.
3. Problem Statement:
The Electricians team have read and analyzed the client statement carefully in order to be attentive of the
clients objectives. The original client statement is:
Original client statement: The UAE government is actively attempting to find different solutions to harvest
energy from ambient available sources. The project aims to design and build a system that will be able harvest
motion energy from the car, store it in a temporary storage device and synchronize the output power with a car
sensor.
With the consultation of our mentors, the team has understood the projects main objectives, requirements and
constraints. The revised and developed client statement is:
Revised client statement: The team has been requested to design, build and test a motion energy harvesting
device based on vibrations from the mechanical movements of the car. The design should be able to withstand
environmental conditions in the UAE such as wind, corrosion and sand with least maintenance possible. In
addition to this, the design should be easily mounted on the car without any modifications to the car. In addition
5

to this, the device will provide maximum output efficiency depending on normal driving conditions in Abu-
Dhabi city. Additionally, the device should be easy to install by a moderate knowledge electrician. Moreover,
the device should be able to operate with the lowest standby current to maximize storage of energy and consume
least possible power when active. Also, the device should be operating as efficient as possible with least duty
cycle of active vs. standby modes. Furthermore, the device should operate with least leakage current to
maximize harvested energy. The team should use environmentally friendly materials where possible and meet
FDA criteria for magnetic resonance devices. Finally, the device should be ready by the 17
th
of May 2012.
4. Project Specifications:
The energy harvester electrical specifications includes: operating with the lowest standby current to maximize
storage of energy and consume least possible power when active. Also, the device should be operating as
efficient as possible with least duty cycle of active vs. standby modes. Furthermore, the device should operate
with least leakage current to maximize harvested energy. The design of the device should take into consideration
environmental aspects such as humidity, wind and corrosion.
The device electrical circuitry should follow IEEE standards in designing, building and testing [6].
Furthermore, the device mechanical part will follow the ASME mechanical standards [7]. Moreover, if the
electromagnetic approach was followed, the team will follow the FDA criterias for magnetic resonance devices
and will not exceed the maximum magnet magnetic field set to be used in electronic devices.[8].

5. Project Goals and Objectives:
The project aims to redesign current motion vibration energy harvesters that are used mainly for the micro-
scale engineering aspect and use them for the large industrial products as a car. The team will aim to maximize
harvested power by maximizing the efficiency of the device and reducing the losses. The design will take into
consideration adaptability with respect to different vibration amplitudes by matching both the input and device
w
c
i.e. natural frequency in order to get best results where appropriate. After completing the project, the team
will aim to provide the client a functioning prototype with less than 2% error in adaptability meeting the
following objectives; refer to appendix for objective tree:
- Economic feasibility will be demonstrated in terms of device benefits against cost will be
demonstrated.
- Durability of the device will be assured to withstand climate changes, humidity and high temperatures
in order to achieve less maintenance with functioning time of at least 1 year without user interference.
- Safety of the device will be assured in both designing and final prototype in terms of following
international electrical i.e. IEEE and mechanical i.e. ASME standards. Additionally, the device should
meet with FDA standards of magnetic field limit used in any device build industrially.
- Power Efficiency in terms of maximizing harvested power with reduced losses. The device should be
able to operate with lowest standby current to maximize storage of energy and consume least possible
power when active. Also, the device should be operating as efficient as possible with least duty cycle
of active vs. standby modes. Furthermore, the device should operate with least leakage current to
maximize harvested energy.
- Originality of the design includes new ideas and approaches in building the device to attract users and
spread the importance and usefulness of energy harvesting and its effect on the environment.
- Quantitative output power of at least 1mW/cm
3
as a benchmark with other designed energy harvesting
products.
- Integrity and ethics in designing the prototype and final design results by mentioning the actual output
power got and exact specification listed rather than unethical ones.








6

6. The Project Team:
The project team consists of four undergraduate students studying electrical engineering at the Petroleum
institute, Abu Dhabi, UAE. The team had been working on a research in the field of energy harvesting with
electrical and mechanical professors since spring 2011. In addition, one member had been working on a research
regarding efficient storage techniques. Moreover, our team has won the Exxon Mobile best design award of the
topic Energy efficiency in buildings in the UAE" spring 2011. Hence, the team history demonstrates the ability
and experience in project management to solve the client problem. Below is the background of the project team
members as well as the main roles and responsibilities of each member. For detailed responsibility chart please
refer to appendix.
Table 2: Team members Background and Roles
Team member Background Main Role
Ahmad Sh.
Abdelrahman
Have previous experience in practical circuits
implementation in courses like logic and digital
design, electronic circuits and STPS2, Worked on
two research topics: energy harvesting and efficient
storage elements, Active member of the IEEE
society, was part of the winning team of the Exxon
Mobile best design award of Energy efficiency in
buildings in the UAE spring 2011, participated in
the 2
nd
Engineering Student Renewable Energy
Competition 2011 at UAE university.
1. Design of the mechanical system.
2. Microcontroller part of the system.

Basel HH Madi Have previous experience in implementing and
soldering PCBs in courses like logic and digital
design and STPS2, Worked on a research regarding
energy harvesting, was part of the winning team of
the Exxon Mobile best design award of Energy
efficiency in buildings in the UAE spring 2011,
participated in the 2
nd
Engineering Student
Renewable Energy Competition 2011 at UAE
university, Participated in the IEEE UAE student
day 2011 at Khalifa university and achieved good
results in the common design competition of a
guiding device for the blind.
1. Simulation of the system on
MATLAB AND/OR other applicable
simulation software.
Solaiman
Hossam
Solid background in practical work, have
experience in designing electronic circuits for
course projects in logic and digital design,
electronic circuits and devices and STPS2, Worked
on a research regarding energy harvesting, Active
member of the IEEE society, great knowledge in
project management and organization, excellent
communication and presentation skills.
1. Matching the frequency of the
system with the frequency of the
speed bump.
2. Storage element of the system.
Hesham Osama Solid teamwork skills demonstrated in previous
courses like STPS2, experience in PCB
implementation, Worked on a research regarding
energy harvesting, was part of the winning team of
the Exxon Mobile best design award of Energy
efficiency in buildings in the UAE spring 2011,
participated in the 2
nd
Engineering Student
Renewable Energy Competition 2011 at UAE
university, Participated in the IEEE UAE student
day 2011 at Khalifa university in the community
service category and achieved the third place.
1. Detecting the frequency of the
speed bump.


7

6. Completed Work:
The progress report the design is mainly divided into three main parts; they are the completed work, work in
progress and remaining work.

i) Harvester Design
The team has mainly finished with the conceptual design generation i.e. the preliminary design of the
prototype which is shown in appendix in Fig [6]. In addition to that, the team has made a CAD model of the
design on Solid Works software which is shown in the appendix in Fig [7].

ii) Data Collection
Additionally, the team has finished with the main data collection part. For the data collection, the team has
used the slam stick device. It is mainly a ceramic piezo electric accelerometer with USB data acquisition
system.
The active element of the accelerometer is a piezoelectric material. One side of the piezoelectric material is
connected to a rigid post at the sensor base. A so-called seismic mass is attached to the other side. When the
accelerometer is subjected to vibration a force is generated which acts on the piezoelectric element. This force is
equal to the product of the acceleration and the seismic mass. Due to the piezo-electric effect a charge output
proportional to the applied force is generated. Since the seismic mass is constant the charge output signal is
proportional to the acceleration of the mass. Over a wide frequency range both sensor base and seismic mass
have the same acceleration magnitude hence the sensor measures the acceleration of the test object. [9]
The team has tried the device on both vehicles engine and chassis in order to determine where we get the best
vibration amplitude that would be efficient for our harvester. Fig [8] shows the results of mounting the harvester
on the chassis and motor of a Toyota Land Cruiser Car. Based on these results, we saw that we get a maximum
of 0.023 Gee of amplitude for the accelerometer placed on the chassis while we get a maximum of 0.05 Gee of
amplitude for the engine. Additionally, we concluded that the car chassis vibrations mainly depend on road
unconformities while the car engine would mainly provide us with a constant vibration source.
The next step that the team has done was to test the device on several types of vehicles of different types and
cylinders. We mainly divided those based on the 4, 6 and 8 cylinders cars. The results of one of each type are
shown in the Appendix [B].

iii) Matlab Simulation:
In order to get approximate figures of what output are we expecting to get, we simulated the data on Matlab
based on fundamentals of motion equations and vibrations mechanisms. The Matlab simulation output from
each of the above mentioned types is shown in Appendix [C]

7. Work in Progress:
The team is currently working on mainly two aspects. The first one is the Matlab simulation optimizing and
the second is the frequency tuning method. As for the Matlab Simulation, we fully understand that the output we
got in the previous results is valid given that the harvester designed is given the length it needs to vibrate
vertically and assuming ideal conditions i.e. friction of mass with surface is negligible. Due to that, we are
trying to add these additional points to our simulation in order to match our real time results as much as
possible.
Furthermore, in order to maximize the frequency output, we will need tune the frequency of the harvester to
match the input frequency of the motor. This aspect is currently being looked at in terms of methods available
and the accuracy of each.

8. Work Remaining:
The team will be left with the prototype building, testing and modifications. After the harvester will be built,
the team will test the device on several cars and tune it in order to optimize its output.




8

9. Testing and Validation Plan:
The team will test, validate and modify the system design in every stage to meet the requirements and
objectives set. The modifications done will help in improving the quality and output of the harvester. The testing
process will be generally divided into both software and hardware. The software testing is mainly
simulation of the expected results using MATLAB software. After the software process, the team will move on
to hardware testing were the harvester parts will be set and modified to test the matching between the practical
and simulated results. The team will allocate about 2 months for the validation and modification process. The
validation will ensure that each subsystem works accordingly along with the whole system works as a whole as
expected. The hardware testing will be done using electrical components such as multi-meters, oscilloscope and
breadboards.
10. Project Schedule:
The project started on the 2
nd
of October 2011, and according to the team plan and schedule, a final working
whole unit to be submitted by the 17
th
of May 2012. Detailed dates and timeline of the project is shown in the
Gantt chart in the Appendix.
11. Facilities and Equipments needed:
With the help of the facilities and equipments listed below, the team will finalize and design the vibration
energy harvester.
Electrical Workshop access during normal working day, holidays and January period.
Electrical Laboratory access during normal working day, holidays and January period.
PCs in the workshop to work on the software parts of the project.
Oscilloscope, soldering equipment, printed Circuit Board (PCB) development tools, Breadboards and
multi-meters.
Mechanical Workshop for the mechanical part during normal working day.
Mechanical Car (Minibaja) to test the device on it.
12. Budget:
The team have listed the approximate budget requirement and cost analysis for the design of the energy
harvester.
Table 4: Cost Analysis



Item
Total Cost
(AED)
Comments
Energy Harvester 3000 Strong magnet, voice coil, electrical circuitry, pieo-electric.
Storage Battery 500
A battery will be used to store harvested energy along with the
battery charging circuit.
Regulation and Stabilizing 500
DC-DC converter with voltage regulation circuit with best
efficiency available.
Mechanical case 1000
Anti-corrosion metal folding to protect the harvester from any
external damage.
Control Unit 1500
A MCU, dsPIC microcontroller chip + development boards +
development software
Modification 1000 Extra amount for any required modification done later.
Total labor per team member 6000-7500 Based on ADNOC grading salary and PI CGPA ratings
Total Cost 37500
9

13. Reporting. Documentation, Maintenance and upgrade plans and documentation:
The Electricians team members will keep in touch with their mentors throughout the time frame allocated
through the following:
i) Monthly progress reports, presentations and minutes of meetings.
ii) Weekly meetings between all team members, mentors and any required lab instructors to discuss any
limitations, problems or issues in the design process.
iii) Documented task list and members responsibilities for the peer evaluation period.
As for the maintenance and upgrade plan, the team came up with the following:
i) Harvester daily inspection for any maintenance or safety issues.
ii) Weekly documented upgrades and changes to be done to meet the desired output level.
iii) The team plans to upgrade the system to be able to detect holes or any major road conditions that will
effectively affect the vibrations and thus adapt its cutoff frequency to meet that input frequency.
iv) Test the liability of the system and effect on usage on large vehicles such as trucks and what upgrades
this requires.
14. Deliverables:
By the end the project, the team will deliver detailed report on the vibration energy harvester and results of the
testing mechanism on the car used.
15. Summary:
The team was requested to design, build and test a device for energy harvesting from car motion in order to
determine the effectiveness and efficiency for a motion harvester to power the low-power electronic devices in
the car. The design should be easily mounted on the car without any modifications to the car. In addition to this,
the device will provide maximum output efficiency depending on normal driving conditions in Abu-Dhabi city.
Furthermore, the will mainly benefit users in terms of increasing efficiency of the car by producing a continuous
supply to the car sensors.
The team progress demonstrates the teams interest and ability to perform the project requested to be done,
performed literature review and ability to perform and design the prototype in a systematical approach, the
design starts with literature review on current systems on the same topic, thorough knowledge of the theory and
practical knowledge. Additionally, the team will build the subsystems of the device and link them together to
produce the initial working prototype. Finally, the team will perform several tests and modifications to the
prototype to reach to the best design and meet most of the objectives listed. The team progress additionally show
the team finished work, in progress work and remaining work which ensures that the team is still on track with
the Gant Chart and timeline proposed in the beginning of the semester.
The team will ensure that the final prototype meets the client requirement by conducting weekly meeting and
monthly progress reports. Furthermore, the team will provide maintenance and upgrade plans along with a
comprehensive user manual.









10

14.References:
[1] Texas Instruments, Energy Harvesting, Accessed on [2/11/2011] [http://www.ti.com/ww/en/apps/energy-
harvesting/index.shtml/]

[2] F.Cottone, Introduction to Vibration Energy Harvesting, Marie Curie Research Institute, Accessed on
[2/11/2011], [http://www.nipslab.org/]

[3] P. Mitcheson , E. Yeatman , G. Rao , A. Holmes and T. Green "Energy harvesting from human and
machine motion for wireless electronic devices", Proc. IEEE, vol. 96, no. 9, pp.1457 - 1486 , 2008.

[4] Shad Roundy. "Energy Scavenging for Wireless Sensor Nodes with a Focus on Vibration-to-Electricity
Conversion". Talk or presentation, BWRC Winter 2003 Retreat, 13, January, 2003.

[5] IEEE, IEEE Standards Online Collection, Accessed on [2/11/2011]
[http://www.ieee.org/go/standardsonline/]

[6] ASME, ASME Standards & Certification in Energy-Related Products and Services, Accessed on
[2/11/2011] [http://files.asme.org/asmeorg/Codes/22061.pdf/]

[7] FDA, Guidance for Industry and FDA Staff: Criteria for Significant Risk Investigations of Magnetic
Resonance Diagnostic Devices, Accessed on [2/11/2011]
[http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/DeviceRegulationandGuidance/GuidanceDocuments/ucm072686.htm/]

[8] pewclimate,Electric Energy Storage, Accessed on [2/11/2011]
[www.pewclimate.org]
[9] Metra Mess-und, Piezoelectric Accelerometers, 2001, Accessed on [2/11/2011]

15. Appendix:










Fig[1]: Technology improvements as opposed to capacity.





Fig[2]: Energy Harvesting Process.


Fig[3]: Generic Model of direct-force generator.

11












Fig[4]: Generic Model of inertial generator.









Fig[5]: Generic Model for vibration energy harvester.


Table 1: Summary of Maximum energy Densities for the three types of transducers.


12


Fig[6]: Model for Electromagnetic vibration energy harvester.


Fig[7]: CAD Model for Electromagnetic vibration energy harvester on Solidworks






13



Fig [8]: Vibrations on Car Chassis and Car Motor Respectively.





14

Appendix B: Vehicles Cylinders Vibrations

Fig [9]: Mercedes Benz C220 Engine Vibration Profile at 1000 RPM



Fig [10]: Toyota Land Cruiser Engine Vibration Profile at 1000 RPM


15


Fig [11]: Mercedes o404 Bus Engine Vibration Profile at 1500 RPM

Appendix C: Vehicles Cylinders Voltage Output on Matlab


Fig [12]: Mercedes Benz C220 Engine Vibration Simulation at 2500 RPM


16


Fig [13]: Toyota Land Cruiser Engine Vibration Simulation at 2500 RPM


Fig [14]: Mercedes o404 Bus Engine Vibration Simulation at 2500 RPM

17


























Fig[6]: Objective Tree










Adaptie energy
harvester
Efficient
Minimum power
consumption
Automated and
controled
Economical
Low long run
cost
Availale
materials
Durable
equipments
Safe
Isolated circuits
and wires
Enviromental
friendly
User safety
Minimum
maintenance
Battery charging
control
Scalable
Durable
Long life time
Long operating
time
Creative Attract users
18






Table5: Linear responsibility chart
Task Ahmad Sh
Abdelrahman
Basel HH
Madi
Hesham
Helal Osama
Soliman Hosam
Sowan
1.0 Project managing
1.1 Work breakdown 1 2 3 4
1.2 Prepare GANTT chart 4 1 3 2
2.0 Problem Definition
2.1 Review the client statement 1 4 2 3
2.2 Clarify Problem Statement 2 3 4 1
2.3 Conduct Research 1 3 2 4
2.4 Develop Objectives Tree 3 4 2 1
2.5 Develop design specifications 2 1 3 4
3.0 Project Proposal
3.1 Solution Approach 4 2 1 3
3.2 Analysis plan 3 2 4 1
3.3 Budget estimation 1 3 4 2
4.0 Design Progress report
4.1 Introduction 2 4 1 4
4.2 Background 3 1 3 2
4.3 Description 4 3 2 1
4.4 Designs evaluation and conclusion 2 2 3 3
5.0 Building the Design
5.1 Mechanical system
5.1.1 Voice coil and magnet interfacing 4 2 3 1
5.1.2 Welding 1 3 2 4
5.1.3 Mounting and tubing 2 3 4 2
5.2 Electronics and sensing subsystem
5.2.1 Bump detection sensors 2 1 4 3
5.2.2 Microcontroller control system 4 1 3 2
5.3 Power and energy storage element
5.3.1 AC-DC circuit 3 4 1 2
5.3.2 Battery charging control 4 3 2 1
6.0 Testing and verification 2 4 1 3
7.0 Final Report
7.1 Introduction 3 1 4 2
7.2 Background Information 4 2 1 3
7.3 Description 2 4 3 1
7.4 Conclusion 1 3 2 4
7.5 Final Presentation 2 1 3 4






19

Appendix D: Gantt chart



























































20