Mark scheme Bio 2 trial perak 2007 BIOLOGY SPM PAPER 2 - ANSWER SCHEME Section A No.

Of Question 1(a) P: Q: R: S: 1(b)(i) 1(b)(ii) 1(c) 1(d)(i) 1(d)(ii) Answer cell wall vacuole mitochondria nucleus Mark 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 13

sulit

Remark

Cellulose Permeable (i) Synthesis energy (ii) glucose + O2

ATP // energy + CO2

*Product 1 m *Subtrats 1m

M: cell of a root hair N: red blood cell M: small // tiny // large number to increase TSA /V for efficient absorption of water and minerals. N: no nucleus // biconcave disc (N have large surface area) so absorption of O2 more efficient. TOTAL

No. Of Question 2(a)

Answer

Mark 1

Remark

epidermis

1 Strip B

Strip A

Strip C 2(b)(i) 2(b)(ii) Sulit Turgid / deplasmolysed Flaccid / plasmolysed 1 1 1 4551/2

Mark scheme Bio 2 trial perak 2007 2(c) In (b)(i) distilled water is hypotonic to the plant sap. Water molecules moves into the plant cell thus cause the cell to becomes turgid. In (b)(ii) sucrose solution is more concentrated compare to the plant sap. Water molecules will move out from the plant cell to the solution outside causes the cell to become plasmolysed 2(c)ii Deplasmolysis. Concentration of water molecules outside is greater compare to the plant sap, thus water molecules move into the plant cells causes it to change back to normal shape // turgid. The red blood cells undergo crenation TOTAL F-1 E-1 F-1 E-1

sulit

1 1

2(d)

1 12

No. Of Answer Question 3(a)(i) P : replication of DNA // S phase Q : cytokinesis 3(a)(ii) S phase - to ensure the daughter cells receive the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. - to maintain diploid condition in the new generation. 3(a)(iii) division of cytoplasm 3(b)(i) Anaphase 3(b)(ii) 4 3(c)(i)

Mark 1 1 2

Remark

E 2 mark 1 1 1

1 1 3(c)(ii) 1. To maintain number of chromosomes in the daughter cells equal to parent cell. 2. To maintain diploid number of chromosomes in daughter cells. Tissue culture // cloning // stem cutting TOTAL 1 1 1 12

3(d)

Sulit

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Mark scheme Bio 2 trial perak 2007 No. Of Question 4(a)(i) 4(a)(ii) 4(b)(i) Answer Place for gaseous exchange // store the oxygen gas before gaseous exchange occur Have very large total surface area // have moist surface all the time // have very thin wall ( only one single layer of cell) - have C-shaped cartilage rings // cartilage rings - keep the trachea open permanently - avoid the trachea from collapse when the outside pressure is higher than inside pressure during inhalation - oxygen can continuously flow through trachea to the alveoli / lung
Oxygen goes in Carbon dioxide goes out

sulit Mark 1 1 1 1 1 1 L-1 A-1 A Arrow L- Label Arrows must be drawn inside the trachea, bronchus & bronchiole F 1 mark E 1 mark Max 2 Remark

4(b)(ii)

4(b)(iii)

4(c)

external intercostal muscles contract/ internal intercostal muscles relax caused the rib cage moves outwards and upwards diaphragm muscles contract, the diaphragm lower and flatten the volume of thoracic cavity increase but the pressure decrease (lower the atmospheric pressure) air forced into the lung // alveolus gill is the respiratory organ for fish but lung is for human Gill have filament and lamella to increase the surface area, but lung have alveoli to increase the surface area Gill touch / surrounded by water all the time, but lung never touch/ surrounded by water Gill received oxygen directly from water, but lung received oxygen from atmosphere via trachea, bronchus and bronchioles TOTAL

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 12

Max 3

Max 3

Sulit

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Mark scheme Bio 2 trial perak 2007

sulit

No. Of Question 5(a)(i) 5(a)(ii) 5(b)(i) 5(b)(ii)

Answer P Glomerulus Q Bowman capsule - have very large surface area - have many podocyte (that enable the ultrafiltration occur tremendously) Ultrafiltration // filtration - Blood in Glomerulus have very high hydrostatic pressure (Because the diameter of aferent arteriole is larger then diameter of eferent arteriole) - All the component of blood plasma diffuse into Bowman capsule except the bigger molecule (such as protein) - This fluid known as glomerular filtrate - If blood osmotic pressure lower than normal level, it can be detected by osmoreceptor cell in hypothalamus - Hypothalamus will produce less ADH ( and send to kidney) - Convoluted tubule and collecting duct become less permeable to water - Less water will be reabsorb by the tubule thus - Osmotic pressure of blood increase back to normal pressure. OR If blood osmotic pressure higher than normal level, it can be detected by osmoreceptor cell in hypothalamus Hypothalamus will produce more ADH ( and send to kidney) Convoluted tubule and collecting duct become more permeable to water More water will be reabsorb by thus tubule Osmotic pressure of blood become normal again TOTAL

Mark 1 1 1 1 1 1

Remark Max 2 Max - 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

5(c)

Max-4

1 1 1 1 1 11

SECTION B Sulit 4 4551/2

Mark scheme Bio 2 trial perak 2007

sulit

No. Of Answer Question 6(a) Day 0 7 Follicle very small start to develop when receive FSH from pituitary the wall of follicle will produce estrogen FSH - pituitary start to release FSH, FSH will go to the ovary - FSH stimulate development of follicle Endometrium - stimulate by estrogen; undergo thickening / repairing Day 8 14 Follicle - become larger, develop to form follicle Graaf FSH / LH/ Estrogen/progesterone - FSH decrease, LH at maximum level , estrogen at maximum level - LH stimulate ovulation / completion of meiosis I, estrogen stimulate the thickening of endometrium - Progesterone level very low Endometrium - endometrium become very thick (ready to implantation (of embryo)) Day 15 - 21 Follicle - Follicle undergoes ovulation/ released oocyte II - The remaining follicle tissue / corpus luteum secreted small amount of estrogen but large amount of progesterone FSH/ LH/ Estrogen/ Progesterone - Progesterone stimulated the thickening of endometrium , halted the secretion of FSH/LH - Development of new follicle and ovulation stop. Endometrium - more thicker and highly vascular - ready for implantation of embryo Day 22 28 Sulit 5

Mark 1

Remark Max 3 marks for each stage - 9 marks

At least the answer shows the relationship between 3 parameter i.e follicle, hormone and endometrium - 1 mark

1 1 Total : Max 10

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Mark scheme Bio 2 trial perak 2007 Corpus luteum - if no fertilisation, corpus luteum become disintegrate FSH/ LH/ Estrogen / Progesterone - FSH, LH and estrogen at minimum level; progesterone level also drop Endometrium - endometrium become breakdown & disintegrate - blood and tissue are shed / lining of uterus discharge through vagina as menstrual flow. 6(b) Similarities - height of man / length of instar increases by time - both show horizontal line / constant growth during adult Difference - Form of graph Sigmoid form for human and like series of steps in insect - Age of organism the height measured yearly, but in insect used day for measuring the length - Caused of different human have endoskeleton but insect have exoskeleton - Stages involve in human, the curve has three different phases, but there are five steps in insect // nymphal stages - Vertical and horizontal line : curve for human did not shows different line (only the curve from continuous points), but there are five different horizontal and vertical lines each - Zero growth no point to show zero growth in human, but there are 5 time of zero growth (at horizontal line) - Sudden growth : no sudden growth for human, but there are sudden growth in insect (at vertical line) - Ecdysis : no ecdysis in human but ecdysis occurred in insect - Mitosis : the cells in human undergo mitosis all the time, but in insect, mitosis only occurred at certain time (during ecdysis) - Absorption of air : in human, there are no absorption of air, but in insect, during ecdysis TOTAL 1

sulit

1 1

1 1

Max 10 marks *2 marks for similarities, 8 marks for differences

1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 20

Sulit

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Mark scheme Bio 2 trial perak 2007 No. Of Answer Mark Question 7(a) Transportation of respiratory gas. - oxygen enter the alveoli during inhalation 1 - gaseous exchange occurred at alveoli; oxygen 1 from alveoli diffused to the blood capillaries while carbon dioxide diffused from blood capillaries to the alveoli 1 - diffusion of oxygen from alveoli to blood capillaries and carbon dioxide from blood capillaries to alveoli caused by different of partial pressure of both gases 1 - partial pressure of oxygen in alveoli is higher than partial pressure of oxygen in blood capillaries; while partial pressure of carbon dioxide in blood capillaries is higher than partial pressure of carbon dioxide in alveolus 1 - oxygen diffused in cytoplasm of red blood cell 1 - oxygen combined with haemoglobin to form oxyhaemoglobin - Oxygen in the form of oxyhaemoglobin then 1 send to all part of the body. 1 - Heart pumped the oxygenated blood to all body cells 1 - Oxygen diffused from blood capillaries to the cell because partial pressure of oxygen in the blood capillaries higher than in the cell 1 - Carbon dioxide diffused from cells to the blood 1 capillaries because the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in cell is higher than in blood capillaries 1 - Carbon dioxide send to the lung as ion 1 carbonate, carbonic acid or carbaminohaemoglobin in the blood plasma 1 - Deoxygenated blood going back to the heart by the vena cava and to the lung by pulmonary artery. 7(b) 1 - There is a concentration gradient between soil and epidermal cell // soil water is hypotonic to the epidermal cell 1 - So water enter the cell of root hairs / epidermal cells by osmosis 1 - this will caused the osmotic pressure of the epidermal cell decrease / hypotonic compare to the adjacent cells 1 - water diffuse/ enter the adjacent cells by osmosis 1 - So water continuously move inward 1 - The movement of water across epidermal cells and cortex is through the cell wall, cytoplasm and vacuole by osmosis (until endodermal cell). Sulit 7

sulit Remark

Any 5 from all points

Total ; max-10 marks

Max 10 marks

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Mark scheme Bio 2 trial perak 2007 Endodermal cells have Casparian strip which is impermeable to water. So water moves to the xylem through the cytoplasm and vacuole of endodermal cells. The concentration gradient of water across the cortex and endodermis create a pushing force, water then move to xylem Water in xylem move upwards to the stem and leaves The movement of water is help by the root pressure and the transpiration pull Cohesive and adhesive properties of water molecules also helped the upwards movement of water along the xylem vessel The force form in the xylem vessel known as capillary action (caused by characteristic of xylem xylem have long, narrow and hollow tubes). The capillary action enable the upwards movement of water along the xylem During transpiration, water loss to the atmosphere and thus create the transpiration pull. TOTAL 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

sulit

1 1

12

SECTION C No. Of Question 8(a) Answer This situation involved dihybrid inheritance Adam is homozygous recessive for both hair (hh) and eye (bb) traits. His wife is homozygous dominant for hair trait (HH) and heterozygous for the eye trait (Bb). (Assume H is the gene that controls the black hair and B is the gene that controls the black eye). Adam and his wife undergo meiosis I and II All the gametes (sperms and ovum) are haploid Adam will produce only one type of gamete i.e brown hair and brown eye (hhbb), His wife will produce two type of gametes i.e black hair and black eye (HHBb) The gametes (haploid) from Adam and his wife will fertilise to produce zygote (diploid) This zygote will receive dominant gene for hair trait from his/ her mother and recessive gene for eye trait 8 Mark 1 1 1 Remark Max 10 marks

1 1 1 1 1 1 4551/2

Sulit

Mark scheme Bio 2 trial perak 2007 from either his/ her mother So Adam sons/ daughters will have black hair and brown eye. Their son / daughter will have heterozygous gene for hair trait and homozygous recessive for eye trait OR Adam (hhbb) Wife (HHBb)

sulit

1 1

Parents Genotype meiosis

1 1 1

**From schematic diagram, only 7 marks can be given

hb Fertilisation

HB

Hb 1 1

Phenotype Son/ daughter Genotype Son / daughter 8(b) -

HbBb Black hair, Black eye.

Hhbb Black hair Brown eye 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Max 10 marks

Abdul have recessive gene for haemophilia at X chromosome (Xh) Genotype for Abdul is XhY Aminah is heterozygous, she has both recessive gene and dominant gene (XH Xh) Abdul undergo meiosis, he will produce gamete Xh and Y Aminah also undergo meiosis, she will produce gametes Xh and XH Fertilisation between gametes will produced diploid zygote The zygote will receive either XH Xh or Xh Xh or XHY or XhY The new generation will be one normal daughter but carrier, one haemophilic daughter , one normal son or one haemophilic son The phenotype probability is as follow : hemophilic girl : carrier girl : normal son : hemophilic son In this situation, Abdul not suppose to marry Aminah because they will have 50% hemophilic children 9

Sulit

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Mark scheme Bio 2 trial perak 2007 Thats mean the next generation also will suffer this problem continously. OR Parent Genotype Meiosis 1 Gametes X
h

sulit

Abdul XhY

Aminah XH Xh

1 1

From schematic diagrammatic - only 8 Marks

1 1

Fertili -sation F1 Genotype Probability XH Xh

Girl Carrier

Xh Xh
Girl Hemophilia

XHY

XhY

1 1 1

Boy Boy Normal hemophilia

9(i)

(a) Dynamic equilibrium is a state in which the population of an organism is fluctuating along the average value. 2

(ii) 2 Example correct= 1 mark Explanation max = 7 The examples : owl and snake // snake and rat Owl is predator and snake is prey The predator eats the prey and the prey eaten by the predator. The prey population increase due to foods availability 1 1 1 OR Explanation 5 marks + Graph 2

Sulit

10

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Mark scheme Bio 2 trial perak 2007

sulit marks ( ie -pattern of the graph correct =1m -Parameter of both axis correct = 1m) Total 10 marks

The increase of prey population causes the increase of predator population. There are food (prey) // more food (prey) in the habitat When the predators hunting the preys as a food, the number of prey will be decreasing. When there is less number of preys, the population of predator decreases.

1 1 1 1 1

Not enough food (prey) // less food (prey) The decrease in population of predator causes the prey to survive and breed, thus population of prey increases back. The population cycle repeated and thus the population is said to be in equilibrium state. 1 1 1

Sulit

11

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