ELECTRICAL MACHINES LAB II LAB MANUAL

S.No

Name of the Experiment

Signature

Prepared By
S.Syed Musthafa Gani M.E.,

S.Boobalan M.E.,

Department of EEE

Mohamed Sathak Engineering College,

Kilakarai

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Load Test on Single Phase Induction Motor Load Test on Three Phase Squirrel Cage Induction Motor Regulation of Alternator by Synchronous Impedance Method Regulation of Alternator by Ampere-Turn Method Load Test on Three Phase Alternator Load Test on Three Phase Slip Ring Induction Motor Speed Control of Slip Ring Induction Motor Performance characteristics of three phase squirrel cage Induction motor - Circle diagram V and inverted V curves of Synchronous motor Separation of No Load losses of 3 Induction motor Slip test on 3 Alternator Equivalent Circuit of Single Phase Induction Motor

CONTENTS

1. Load Test on Single Phase Induction Motor

Aim:

To conduct load test on single-phase induction motor and to draw its performance characteristics Apparatus required: S.No 1 2 3 4 5 Apparatus Ammeter Voltmeter Wattmeter Tachometer Connecting wires Range (0 -10) A (0 - 300) V 300 V / 10 A) Type MI MI UPF Quanity 1 1 1 1 few

Precautions: (1) All the switches are kept open initially (2) The motor should be started and stopped without any load on the brake drum. (3)Brake drum should be cooled with water during the entire test. Theory: Single-phase induction motor is not a self-starting one. To over come this draw back and make the motor self-starting, it is temporarily converted into two-phase motor during starting period. For this purpose an extra winding known as starting winding is added. One capacitor C and one centrifugal switch S are connected in series with the starting winding. The purpose of the capacitor is to provide the phase difference between the two currents (starting winding current and running winding current). The purpose of the centrifugal switch is to disconnect the starting winding from the supply, once the motor reaches 70 to 80 % of its rated speed. The currents (IS and IR) produce a revolving flux and hence make the motor self-starting. Procedure: The connections are given as shown in the circuit diagram. The DPST switch is closed. The motor is started using DOL (Direct On Line) starter. Now the motor runs at a speed closure to the synchronous speed. The no- load readings of ammeter, voltmeter, wattmeter and speed of the motor are noted. The load on the brake drum is increased and the corresponding readings are noted.

Graphs: (1) Output power Vs Torque Vs Speed Vs Efficiency (2) Slip Vs Torque
Voltage VL volts Current Spring balance Speed Torque IL amps S1 kg S2 kg N rpm N-m Input Pi watts Output Pm watts

% slip
s

Power factor

Model Calculations: (3rd set of readings) Circumference of brake drum 2* *R = -----Radius of brake drum R = ----/ 2* m m

(1) Torque T = (s1~s2)*9.81*R N-m (2) Input power Pi = (Wattmeter reading) watts

(3) Output power Pm = 2* *N*T / 60 watts (4) Efficiency (5) % Slip (6) Power factor = (Pm / Pi) x 100 % NS = 1500 rpm

s = (NS - N) / NS x100 = Input power / VI

Result:
Thus the load test on single-phase induction motor is conducted and its performance characteristics were drawn.

2. Load Test on Three Phase Squirrel Cage Induction Motor

Aim:
To conduct the load test on three phase squirrel cage induction motor and to draw its performance characteristics.

Apparatus required:
S.No 1 2 3 4 5 Apparatus Ammeter Voltmeter Wattmeter Tachometer Connecting wires Range (0 -10) A (0 - 600) V 600 V / 10 A) Type MI MI UPF Quanity 1 1 2 1 few

Precautions:
(1) The motor should be started and stopped without any load on the Brake drum. (2) The brake drum should be cooled with water during the entire test.

Theory:
In induction motors, the rotor does not receive electric power by conduction but induction is exactly the same way as the secondary of a two winding transformer receives its power from the primary. In fact the induction motor can be treated as a rotating transformer i.e., one in which primary winding is stationary but the secondary is free to rotate. When a three phase winding displaced in space by 120 are fed by a three-phase supply, a rotating magnetic field is produced. This magnetic field interacts with the rotor and produces rotation .

Procedure:
The connections are given as shown in the circuit diagram. The DPST switch is closed. The motor is started using DOL (Direct On Line) starter. Now, the motor runs at a speed closure to the synchronous speed. The no- load readings of ammeter, voltmeter, wattmeter and speed of the motor are noted. The load on the brake drum is increased and the corresponding readings are noted.

Graphs: (1) Output power Vs Torque Vs Speed Vs Efficiency (2) Slip Vs Torque
VL volts IL amps

Spring
balance

Speed N rpm

S1 kg S2 kg

Wattmeter Torque N-m W1 W2

Input
Pi

Output Pm watts

% slip
%
s

Po

watts

fac

Model Calculations: (3

rd

set of readings)

Circumference of brake drum 2* *R = ------ m Radius of brake drum R = -----/ 2* m (1) Torque (2) Input power T = (s1~s2)*9.81*R N-m Pi = W 1 + W 2 watts

(3) Output power Pm = 2* *N*T / 60 watts (4) Efficiency (5) % Slip (6) Power factor Result:
Thus the load test on three-phase squirrel cage induction motor is conducted and its performance characteristics were drawn.

= Pm / Pi x 100 % s = (NS N)/NS x100 NS = 1500 rpm = Input power / 3 VLIL

3. Regulation of Alternator by Synchronous Impedance Method Aim: To determine the regulation of a three phase alternator by synchronous impedance method. Apparatus required:
S.No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Apparatus Ammeter Ammeter Voltmeter Wattmeter Tachometer Rheostat Rheostat Connecting wires Range (0 -10) A (0-2) A (0 - 600) V 600 V / 10 A) 250 ohm, , 1.5 A 400 ohm, , 1 A Type MI MC MI UPF Quanity 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 few

Precautions:
(1) All the switches are kept open initially. (2) The motor field rheostat should be kept at minimum position at the time of starting and stopping. (3) Alternator field rheostat should be kept at maximum position at the time of starting and stopping.

Theory:
The voltage regulation of an alternator is defined as the change in terminal voltage from no-load to the load concerned as a percentage of the rated terminal voltage when the field excitation and speed remains constant. % regulation = (E0 -V) / V x 100 where E0 - Terminal voltage on no-load V - Terminal voltage on load This method requires the following characteristics, (1) open circuit characteristics (2) short circuit characteristics (3) armature resistance

Armature resistance can be found by using either multi meter or by voltmeter ammeter method. In the EMF method, the armature reaction is treated along with leakage reactance. But in the MMF method, leakage reactance is treated as an additional armature reaction. Procedure: (1) Open circuit test: The connections are given as shown in the circuit diagram. The DPST switch is closed and the motor is started using the starter. The speed of the motor is adjusted to rated speed by varying the motor field rheostat. The generator field DPST is closed. For various values of excitation current, the induced EMF is noted. (2) Short circuit test: The connections are given as shown in the circuit diagram. The DPST switch is closed and the motor is started using the starter. The speed of the motor is adjusted to rated speed by varying the motor field rheostat. Now, the generator field DPST and TPST are closed. The field current is increased till the ammeter reads rated current. Tabulation: OC Test S.No Field current (If) Line voltage (V) Phase voltage

SCTest Field current Shortcircuit current

Model calculations: Synchronous impedance ZS = Open circuit voltage / Short circuit current = E1 / I1 Ra = ---- (using multimeter) XS = ZS 2- Ra 2 For lagging power factor, EO = (V cos + I Ra )2 + (V sin + I Xs )2 % reg = (EO -V) / V x 100 For leading power factor, EO = (V cos + I Ra )2 + (V sin - I Xs )2 % reg = (EO -V) / V x 100 For unity power factor, EO = (V cos + I Ra )2 + (I Xs )2 % reg = (EO -V) / V x 100

Result: Thus the regulation of alternator is predetermined by synchronous impedance (EMF)method.

Model calculations: Synchronous impedance ZS = Open circuit voltage / Short circuit current = E1 / I1
Ra = ---- (using multimeter) XS = ZS - Ra
2 2

For lagging power factor, EO = (V cos + I Ra ) + (V sin + IXs)

2 2

% reg = (EO -V) / V x 100 For leading power factor, EO = (V cos + I Ra ) + (V sin - IXs)
2 2

% reg = (EO -V) / V x 100 For unity power factor, EO = (V cos + I Ra ) + (I Xs)
2 2

% reg = (EO -V) / V x 100 Result:

Thus the regulation of alternator is predetermined by synchronous impedance (EMF) method.