DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF CHOPPER BASED SPEED CONTROL OF SLIP RING INDUCTION MOTOR.

Suman Karmakar
Suman Karmakar, H/I, NIT Agartala, EE Department.
1

sumee_nit@yahoo.co.in

Abstract This thesis involves the construction and testing of variable speed drives using wound rotor induction motor, controlled by variation of an external rotor resistance by a parallel electronic chopper. The effect of chopper frequency and duty cycle on the rotor rectified current ripple current, rotor phase current and torque developed are investigated. The high chopper frequency tend to improvement the performance of wound rotor induction motor drive system such as, rotor rectified current, rotor phase current, speed smoothing with reducing the torque pulsation and ripple of rotor rectified current. Keywords: SRIM, Mosfet Driver ckt. PWM ckt, Orcad Simulation,

eliminated by using a three phase uncontrolled bridge rectifier and a chopper controlled external resistance. The rectifier bridge acts as an electronic frequency changer, so that the machine will chiefly see the effect of electronic frequency changer switching at rotor frequency. With the high frequency switching effects of the chopper, which is a power switch electronically monitored by a control module, external rotor resistance can be change.

PROS AND CONS OF AC MOTOR DRIVES Advantages: Lightweight (20% to 40% lighter than equivalent DC motor), Inexpensive, Low maintenance Disadvantages: Power control relatively complex and more expensive ADVANTAGES OF SRIM OVER SCIM Effective turns ratio easy to determine for a slip ring IM than cage rotor motor. SCIM has small starting torque, large starting current & poor starting power factor Torque-speed characteristic of SRIM can be modified, which is not possible in cage rotor IM DESIRED MOTOR CHARACTERISTIC Should behave: like the high-resistance wound-rotor curve; at high slips, & like the low-resistance wound-rotor curve at low slips.

INTRODUCTION The wound rotor induction motor (WRIM) offers a lot of flexibility for wide range of speed control compared to squirrel cage motor. The torque depends on motor resistance. Therefore, increasing the rotor resistance will at a constant torque causes a proportionate increase in the motor slip with a result decrease in rotor speed. Thus, the speed for a given load torque may be varied by varying the rotor resistance. The function of this resistance is to introduce voltage at rotor frequency, which opposes the voltage induced in rotor winding. From Speed- torque curves for rotor resistance control, while maximum torque is independent of rotor resistance, speed at which the maximum torque is produces changes with rotor resistance. For the same torque, speed falls with an increase in rotor resistance. Advantage of rotor resistance control is that motor torque capability remains unaltered even at low speeds. Only other method which has this advantages variable frequency control. However, cost of rotor resistance control is very low compared to variable frequency control. Because of low cost and high torque capability at low speeds, rotor resistance control is employed in cranes, ward-Leonard II drives, and other intermittent load applications. The main demerit of this method of control is that energy is dissipated in rotor circuit resistance, internal and external, and this energy is wasted in the form of heat. Because of the waste-fullness of this method, it is used where speed change are needed for short duration only. With the recent progress in power semiconductor technology, these undesirable features of the conventional rheostat control scheme can be

V.

SPEED CONTROL OF INDUCTION MOTOR

1. Induction Motor Speed Control by Pole Changing. 2. Speed Control by Changing the Line Frequency.

3. Speed Control by Changing the Line Voltage. 4. Speed Control by Changing the Rotor Resistance VI. RATING OF THE COUPLED MOTOR GENERATOR SET

1336

RA= 30.7 RB = 23 Rc = 27.7

= RA+ RB+ Rc = 81.4

20 V

0.45

Induction Motor: 3 H.P, 415 V, 4.7 A, Winding- StatorY- 415 V, 4.7 A, Rotor- Y- 185 V, 7.5 A. DC m/c: 2 KW, 220 V, 9 A, 1500 rpm, Shunt, 220 V, 0.7 A. VII. TESTS PERFORMED TO DETERMINE M/C MODEL PARAMETERS,

The No-Load Test (result compare with synchronous Test), The DC Test, The Locked-Rotor Test, Moment of inertia test. Pcore, loss = 161.7165 ohm, RC = 1757 ohm, Xm = 46.937 ohm. X lr = Xls = 25.5 ohm rs = 4.95 ohm ; r r = 2.4439 ohm. B =1.6649 * 10-3 N-m, Jeach, m/c = 8.9357* 10-6 Kg-m2 VIII. CONTROLLING WOUND ROTOR INDUCTION MOTOR SPEED BY VARYING THE SLIP USING
ROTOR RESISTANCE CONTROL

Method 2: Speed control by Diode Rectifier and Single external resistance on rotor circuit (with a dc link inductor)

1.

Speed control by three external resistances on rotor circuit. 2. Speed control by Diode Rectifier and Single external resistance on rotor circuit 3. Speed control by Diode Rectifier and Single resistance with a Chopper on rotor circuit. Method-1 CONTROLLING INDUCTION MOTOR SPEED USING EXTERNAL ROTOR RESISTANCES

Speed In rpm

Rotor External Resistance (Rex) 108 80.5 56.56 nil 242

Vdc

Idc

1188 1238 1336 1488 755

49 V 44 V 21 V 0.4 V 130 V

0.555 A 0.57 A 0.59 A 0.62 A 0.49 A

METHOD 3: SPEED CONTROL BY DIODE RECTIFIER AND SINGLE RESISTANCE WITH A CHOPPER ON ROTOR CIRCU

Speed In rpm 1188

Rotor External Resistance ( ) RA= 82 RB = 54 Rc = 65 RA= 44.5 ,RB = 40 ,Rc = 47.5

Total Equ. Resistance RT,eq = RA+ RB+ Rc = 201 = RA+ RB+ Rc = 132 44 V 0.40

1238

34 V

0.42

Rotor rectified DC voltage (Vdc

DC link Current ( Idc)

Duty Ratio (%)

Speed of the rotor

58 44 34

0.6 0.612 .62

27.43 45.7 58.9

1158 1238 1307

IX.

PULSE WIDTH MODULATOR CIRCUIT

(Hard ware) Output wave form of Opamp, VA , Square wave

Output wave form of Op-amp VB = Bipolar triangular wave X. ORCAD SIMULATION FOR PULSE WIDTH MODULATOR
CIRCUIT

(Hard ware) Output wave form of Op-amp VB = Bipolar triangular wave

Output wave form of Op-amp, VC ,Unipolar triangular wave Output wave form of Op-amp, VA , Square wave

(Hard ware) Output wave form of Opamp, VC ,Unipolar triangular wave

Duty cycle = 50%, speed = 1262 rpm

Output wave form of Op-amp, VD , P.W.M square pulse

The Oscillogram outputs of the driving pulse generated by the Op Amp based controller for the MOSFET switch for Duty ratio = 50% XI. MOSFET DRIVER CIRCUIT

Duty cycle = 66.66%, Duty Ratio fsw (KHz) Rotor rectifi ed Ripple Voltag e 19.62 5 21.5 25.87 5 29.75 33.75 38.87 5 Vdc Idc (A) Speed (rpm)

0.186 9

0.515

4.672 9 3.33 2.427 2 4.672 5 3.33 2.427 2

71.2 70.5 69.5 46.4 44.5 43.5

0.325 0.33 0.34 0.33 0.34 0.32

1104 1118 1176 1224 1246 1255

Experimental set up

Ripple in rotor rectified voltage against rotor speed at different frequency at D= 0.1869 & D= 0.514

MOSFET driver circuit and pulse width modulated gate pulse circuit

XII. CONCLUSION
The effect of chopper frequency at different duty cycles of WRIM drive with a resistive loaded chopper performance is studied. The result shows that a low value of chopper frequency may cause fluctuation in motor speed and torque pulsation. Increasing the chopper frequency, decrease the ripple in rotor rectified voltage, speed variation and improvement in the electromagnetic torque characteristics of WRIM drive with a resistive loaded rotor chopper is studied. XIII. SCOPE OF FUTURE WORK

Rotor chopper current (Idc) against rotor speed at different frequency at D= 0.1869 & D= 0.514

This thesis has successfully established the potential of wound rotor induction motor as a variable speed drive. Some aspects can be explored further to effect improvements in performance. A few of these are: The closed loop control scheme of wound rotor induction motor drive with resistively loaded chopper can

further be designed, developed using Matlab/Simulink toolbox and developed the hard ware of this closed loop control scheme.This control scheme has a disadvantage of low efficiency. In order to increase the motor efficiency while controlling the speed of the motor, slip energy recovery scheme can be developed with help of this thesis. XIV. REFERENCES

M. G. Say, Performance and Design of A.C. Machines, ELBS and PITMAN. . Bimal K. Bose, Adjustable Speed AC Drive System, IEEE Press, 1981. Muhammad H. Rashid, Power Electronics: Handbook, Academy Press, 2001. L. Umanand, Power Electronics, essential & application, Mohan Ned, Undeland Tore M. and Robbins William P. "Power Electronics, Converters Applications and Design", John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Book, 1995 ] Operational Amplifiers and Linear Integrated Circuits by Robert F. Coughlin, Frederick F. Driscoll Steady State Modeling and Performance Analysis of Static Slip Energy Recovery Controlled Slip Ring Induction Motor Drive by B. K. Singh and K. B. Naik Study on rotor IGBT chopper control for Induction motor by SHEN Tianfei and Bo-shi, GONG You min ,School of Electromechanical Engineering and Automatic shanghai University, Shanghi 200072,china Analysis and simulation of static Kramer drive under steady-state conditions B.A.T. AI Zahawi, BSc, PhD B.L. Jones, BSc(Eng), PhD, CEng, MlEE ,W. Drury, BSc, PhD, CEng, MlEE INDUCTION MOTOR THEORY by Jerry Bednarczyk, PE Bipolar transistors for MOSFET gate driving applications by Peter Blair, Product Development Manager Power MOSFET Gate Driver Circuits using High Current Super-b Transistors 6A Pulse Rated SOT23 Transistors for High Frequency MOSFET Interfacing by Neil Chadderton Application Note 18 Issue 1 March 1996 APPLICATION NOTE, AN524/0994 DRIVE CIRCUITS FOR POWER MOSFETs AND IGBTs by B. Maurice, L. Wuidart Matching MOSFET Drivers to MOSFETs Author: Jamie Dunn Microchip Technology Inc Design and Application Guide for High Speed MOSFET Gate Drive Circuits by Laszlo Balogh IEEE Standard Test Procedure for Polyphase Induction Motors and Generators.