Strategies for Overcoming Procrastination Procrastination is a process by which an individual postpones ta ing actions the y feel they ought

to be ta ing. This postponement can be temporary, or it may dr ag on indefinitely, resulting in the desired action never being ta en. Many peop le have problems with procrastination, ranging from simply putting things off un til the last minute to actually failing to accomplish anything they set out to d o because they continue to postpone it. Procrastination is a set of learned behaviors which get in the way of accomplish ing specific goals. Procrastination initially starts li e a simple habit and over time it conditions one to stop ta ing action towards the accomplishment of goals. Let's see a bit about conditioning by reviewing the classical experiment with Pa vlov s Dogs. Classical Conditioning (Pavlov) Classical conditioning is a reflexive or automatic type of learning in which a s timulus acquires the capacity to evo e a response that was originally evo ed by another stimulus. Originators and Key Contributors: First described by Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936), Ru ssian physiologist, in 1903, and studied in infants by John B. Watson (1878-1958 ). Classical Conditioning (Ivan Pavlov) Several types of learning exist. The most basic form is associative learning, i. e., ma ing a new association between events in the environment. There are two fo rms of associative learning: classical conditioning (made famous by Ivan Pavlov s experiments with dogs) and operant conditioning. Pavlov s Dogs In the early twentieth century, Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov did Nobel prize -winning wor on digestion. While studying the role of saliva in dogs digestive p rocesses, he stumbled upon a phenomenon he labeled psychic reflexes. While an acci dental discovery, he had the foresight to see the importance of it. Pavlov s dogs, restrained in an experimental chamber, were presented with meat powder and they had their saliva collected via a surgically implanted tube in their saliva glan ds. Over time, he noticed that his dogs who begin salivation before the meat pow der was even presented, whether it was by the presence of the handler or merely by a clic ing noise produced by the device that distributed the meat powder. Fascinated by this finding, Pavlov paired the meat powder with various stimuli s uch as the ringing of a bell. After the meat powder and bell (auditory stimulus) were presented together several times, the bell was used alone. Pavlov s dogs, as predicted, responded by salivating to the sound of the bell (without the food). The bell began as a neutral stimulus (i.e. the bell itself did not produce the dogs salivation). However, by pairing the bell with the stimulus that did produce the salivation response, the bell was able to acquire the ability to trigger th e salivation response. Pavlov therefore demonstrated how stimulus-response bonds (which some consider as the basic building bloc s of learning) are formed. He d edicated much of the rest of his career further exploring this finding. In technical terms, the meat powder is considered an unconditioned stimulus (UCS ) and the dog s salivation is the unconditioned response (UCR). The bell is a neut ral stimulus until the dog learns to associate the bell with food. Then the bell

becomes a conditioned stimulus (CS) which produces the conditioned response (CR ) of salivation after repeated pairings between the bell and food. John B. Watson: Early Classical Conditioning with Humans John B. Watson further extended Pavlov s wor and applied it to human beings. In 1 921, Watson studied Albert, an 11 month old infant child. The goal of the study was to condition Albert to become afraid of a white rat by pairing the white rat with a very loud, jarring noise (UCS). At first, Albert showed no sign of fear when he was presented with rats, but once the rat was repeatedly paired with th e loud noise (UCS), Albert developed a fear of rats. It could be said that the l oud noise (UCS) induced fear (UCR). The implications of Watson s experiment sugges ted that classical conditioning could cause some phobias in humans. Operant Conditioning A process of behavior modification in which a subject is encouraged to behave in a desired manner through positive or negative reinforcement, so that the subjec t comes to associate the pleasure or displeasure of the reinforcement with the b ehavior.

Since most psychological problems including procrastination originate from condi tioning, we can also conditioning for eliminate them too. First thing you should eep in mind is that I am not going to tell about traditi onal strategies li e setting goals, creating fear about not achieving your goals etc as most motivational spea er's tell; instead my strategies are very simple easy to apply without creating unnecessary tension or worries li e goal setting as goal setting appears as a rubbish thing to a procrastinator as it is clinged with many fears especially the fear of failure. Offcource you can set goals once you can manage your procrastination easily. Step 1: Ta e a loo at your daily habits especially those lazy habits which you do all the time for procrastination. For example watching TV, excessive computer usage, day time sleeping etc. I don't tell you to stop these activities instead you can use operant conditioni ng to bring about the desired change you want. I'll explain how you can apply th is to ic out procrastination from your life. Step 2: Go & do that procrastination activity now, for example watching TV. Afte r you have finished watching immediately go to your wor table and do the needed wor for example studying, finishing projects etc. Do not force yourself to con tinue for long periods just a few minutes or simple tas li e reading a paragrap h is all needed at first (Gradually you can extend wor period for long as you n eed). Repeat this procedure whenever you have went along with the procrastinatio n activity. You can extend this conditioning to other daily activities li e after getting up from night's sleep, before going to night's sleep, after brushing teeth etc. Please note that you should not try to stop procrastinating activity at first, y our urge to go along with procrastination activity will gradually go away on its own. If you have a habit of daytime sleeping you can follow some strategies li e pull ing off the bedsheet after you have wa e up from night's sleep, putting some pil

Now we can bring bac our attention on how we can by some simple strategies.

ic this procrastination away

es of boo s on bed etc. In the same way you can disconnect the plugs & wires of TV sets after you have f inished watching, as this will reduce your tendency to watch it. Than you for your time and consideration, Prince Visit http://prince213.blogspot.com/ for more...