, DOING UA LITATIVE RESEARCH A COMPREHENSIVE GUIDE DAVID SILVERMAN Goldemiths Cage, University of London, UK AMIR MARVASTI Penn State AltoonaM62. suv ony © 2008 by Sp Potions ne 200k Ag ee No pa of ti ok yb ede diay fem o by any mean, ecsonic oe machania,ineading photocopying, recording, ot by any inforaton storage and retrieval system without person in wet from he publisher For information Seg: Pb, Sep Publiations nd ve Ld © Bric B11 Maten Coopracne “Towsand Osks, Caforia 91320 Indah Ena olr@rgrpubcom Maths Roa, New Dei 10 44 inde SogePblaons Ld Sees Polson Anas. a. 1 SiversYard 53 Pekin Ser WO 55iy oad Far tan Square Lendon BLY 15? Singapore M763 Usted Ringo Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging in-Publiction Data Silveman, David Doing qualitative research: a compeehensivegude/Davi Silverman, Amie Marys Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4129-2639- (pbk: acide papes) 1, Social scieees—Research—Methodology. 2. Qualitative research, L. Marvas Amie B, 1966" I. Tite 2.5472 2008 300.7222, 2007046634 “This book is printed on aie pape. oo wn nw 987654321 Acqustions Editor: Vicki Knight Editorial Assistent: Lauren Habib ‘Associate Editor” Sean Connelly Production Eto: Catherine M, Chilton Copy Editor Brenda Weight “Typeset: (CREM Digital (P) Led Proofreader Dorie Hur Indeve. ‘Marilyn Avget Cover Designer: Candice Harman Marketing Manage Stephanie Adams Priva IU S.2003) < Contents Preface PART I: INTRODUCTION 1, How to Use This Book 2. What You Can (And Can't) Do With Qualitative Research Introduction [Ace Qualitative Methods Always the Best? Should I Use Qualitative Methods? ‘Understanding Research in Terms of Different Models ‘The Different Languages of Qualitative Research Case Study: "Positive Thinking” Concluding Remarks Key Points Further Reading 3. The Research Experience Selecting a Topic Selecting a Methodology Selecting a Chair ‘The Role ofthe Advisor Instiational Review Board (IRB) Approval Data Collection ‘The Role of Theory Data Analysis ‘Weiing Quantitative or Qualitative? Concluding Remarks Case Study u B “ 9 2 2B 4 nu 2 36 39 a1 so s1 32 34 56 37 59Key Points Further Reading 4. The Research Experience Introduction Inerviews Echnographies Texte Audiotapes Videotapes ‘Maltiple Methods Concluding Remarks Key Points Further Reading 5. What Counes as Originalisy? Introduction Originalicy Being a Professional Independent Critical Thought Concluding Remarks Key Points Further Reading PART IL: STARTING OUT 6, Selecting « Topic Introduction Simplistic Inductivism ‘The Kitchen Sink Gambit ‘The Geand Theorist Strategies for Simplistic Inducivists Strategies for Kitchen Sinkers Strategies for Grand Theorists Strategies for All Researchers CConclucing, Remarks Key Points Further Reading 7. Using Theories Inteoduction ‘What Is Theory? «0 a 6 6 65 m 7 80 4 87 89 89 1 1 92 94 9s 98 98 38 101 103 103 10s 107 109 10 13 ue us ws ns 1s 129 29 130 “Theories, Models, and Hypotheses Some Examples Generalizations and Theory Building How to Theorize About Data Concluding Remarks Key Poiats Further Reading 8. Choosing a Methodology Introduction Your Research Seategy Choosing a Methodology: A Case Study ‘Naturally Occureing Data? ‘Multiple Methods? Concluding Remarks Key Points Further Reading 9. Selecting a Case Tnraduction ‘What Is a Case Study? Generalizing From Cases ‘Types of Case Studies Combining Qualitative Research With (Quantitative Measures of Populations Purposive Sampling ‘Theoretical Sampling Generalizabilty Is Present ina Single Case Concluding Remarks Key Points Further Reading 10, Writing a Research Proposal Incroduction ‘Aim for Crystal Clarity Plan Before You Write Be Persuasive Be Practical Make Broader Links Concluding Remarks Key Points Further Reading 132 135 137 138 140 141 142 143 3 144 148 155 156 158 158 159 1st 1st 162 163 164 165 166 167 71 173 174 175 17 7 179 180 181 181 182 12 183 186