MATERI BAHASA INGGRIS-Rumus GERUND BELAJAR GERUND INTRODUCTION:

A gerund is the ing form of a verb used as a noun. A gerund is used in the same ways as a noun, i.e. as a subject or an object.

Example: Playing tennis is fun. (playing is a gerund. It is used as the subject of the sentence. Playing tennis is a gerund phrase). We enjoy playing tennis. (Playing is used as the object of the verb enjoy). Hes excited about playing tennis. (playing is used as the object of the preposition about. The use of gerund: 1. Using gerund as the objects of prepositions: We talked about going to Bali for our next vacation. Andy is in charge of organizing the meeting. He is interested in learning more about Biology. 2. Using gerund as the objects of certain verbs; I enjoy playing tennis. Rudy quit smoking. Andy gave up smoking 3. Using gerund after preposition. She is used to sleeping with the window open. Rudy accustomed to sleeping with the window open. My aunt looks forward to going home next month. They object to changing their plans at this late date.

4. Negative form: not preceded a gerund. We talked about not going to the meeting, but finally decided we should go. 5. Either infinitive or gerund can be the subject of a sentence when an action is being considered in a general sense. We can say: Reading French is easier than speaking it or It is easier to read French than to speak it. No smoking, no fishing and no waiting. (the gerund is used in short prohibitions) 6. As a complement of a verb: Her hobby is painting. 7. Using gerund after go. Go is followed by a gerund in a certain expressions to express, for the most part, recreational activities. Such as: Did my mother go shopping? My uncle and friends went fishing yesterday night. List of verbs followed by gerund: - enjoy - stop - consider (think about) - appreciate - avoid - discuss (talk about) - mention

- mind - postpone (put off)

- quit (give up) - delay - suggest - finish (get through) - keep (keep on)

The following verbs can be followed by either the infinitive or the gerund with no change in meaning.

- begin - cannot stand - continue - hate - like - love - prefer

- dread

- regret - start - try

e.g.: - He started to study after dinner or He started studying after dinner.

- John hates to ride his bicycle to school or John hates riding her bicycle to school.

Verb + preposition followed by the gerund.

a. verb + preposition:

- enjoy - stop - consider (think about) - appreciate - avoid - discuss (talk about) - mention

- mind - postpone (put off)

- quit (give up) - delay - suggest - finish (get through) - keep (keep on)

Object to, look forward to and confess to = the to here are the preposition, so do not confuse with the to in the infinitive.

b. Adjective + preposition:

- accustomed to - intent to

- afraid to

- capable of

- fond of

- interested in - successful in - tired of

C. Noun + preposition

- choice of - possibility of

- excuse for

- intention of

- method for

- reason for

(method of)

Exercises 1:

Supply an appropriate preposition and verb form.

E.g.: - Ali isnt interested in (look) looking for a new job. Harry is excited . (leave) for Bali. You are capable (do) .. better works. Fredy is always complaining . (have) a headache. Instead . (study) .., Harry went to a football game with his friends. He showed us how to make a robot . (draw) a schema. I have no excuse (be) .. late. Rina had a good reason .. (go, not) to class yesterday. I apologized to Ali .. (make) .. him wait for me. The weather is terrible tonight. I dont blame you . (want, not) .. to go to the meeting. Im going to visit my family during the vacation. Im looking forward . (eat) . My mothers cooking and (sleep) . in my own bed.