PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Pathophysiology of Kochs Disease (Tuberculosis) Predisposing Factors: - 55 years old Precipitating Factors: - Repeated close contact w/ infected persons - Recurrence of infection

Exposure or inhalation of infected Aerosol through droplet nuclei (exposure to infected clients by coughing, sneezing, talking) Tubercle bacilli invasion in the apices of the Lungs or near the pleurae of the lower lobes Bronchopneumonia develops in the lung tissue (Phagocytosed tubercle bacilli are ingested by macrophages) bacterial cell wall binds with macrophages arrest of a phagosome which results to bacilli replication Necrotic Degeneration occurs (production of cavities filled with cheese-like mass of tubercle bacilli, dead WBCs, necrotic lung tissue) drainage of necrotic materials into the tracheobronchial tree

(eruption of coughing, formation of lesions)

PRIMARY INFECTION

Lesions may calcify (Ghons Complex) and form scars and may heal over a period of time

Tubercle bacilli immunity develops (2 to 6 weeks after infection) (maintains in the body as long as living bacilli remains in the body)

Acquired immunity leads to further growth Of bacilli and development of ACTIVE INFECTION

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Pulmonary Symptoms: Dyspnea productive cough Hemoptysis (blood tinge sputum) Chest pain that is pleuritic or dull Chest tightness Crackles present on auscultation General Symptoms: - Fatigue - anorexia - Weight loss - low grade fever with chills and sweats (often at night)

With Medical Intervention

Early detection/ diagnosis of the disease Multi-antibacterial therapy Fixed- dose therapy TB DOTS (Direct Observed Therapy)

Recurrence

Bad Prognosis Reactivation of the tubercle bacilli (Due to repeated exposure to infected Individuals, Immunosuppression)

SECONDARY INFECTION

Severe occurrence of lesions in the lungs

Cavitation in the lungs occurs

SEVERE OCCURRENCE OF INFECTION Client becomes clinically ill