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Table of Contents
Chapter 7 GSM Parameter Configuration and Adjustment..........................................................1 7.1 Network and Cell ID ............................................................................................................1 7.1.1 Cell Global ID............................................................................................................1 7.1.2 Base Station Identity Code........................................................................................3 7.2 Paging and Access Control Parameters ..............................................................................6 7.2.1 Number of Access Grant Reserved Blocks (BS_AG_BLK_RES or AG)....................6 7.2.2 Frame Number Coding Between Identical Paging.....................................................7 7.2.3 Common Control Channel Configuration (CCCH-CONF)..........................................8 7.2.4 Extended Transmission Slots (TX_INTEGER) ..........................................................9 7.2.5 Minimum Access Level of RACH ............................................................................11 7.2.6 Random Access Error Threshold ............................................................................12 7.2.7 Access Control Class (ACC) ...................................................................................13 7.2.8 Maximum Retransmission Times (RET)..................................................................14 7.2.9 Control Class of MS Maximum Transmit Power (MS-TXPWR-MAX-CCH)..............15 7.2.10 Power Offset (POWEROFFSET) ..........................................................................16 7.2.11 IMSI Attach/Detach Allowed..................................................................................16 7.2.12 Direct Retry (DR) ..................................................................................................17 7.3 Serial Parameters of Cell Selection and Reselection.........................................................18 7.3.1 cell_bar_access ......................................................................................................18 7.3.2 cell_bar_qualify .......................................................................................................19 7.3.3 Minimum Received Level Allowing MS to Access (RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN) ...........21 7.3.4 Additional Reselection Parameter Indicator ............................................................21 7.3.5 Cell Reselection Parameter Indicator ......................................................................22 7.3.6 Cell Reselection Offset, Temporary Offset, and Penalty Time ................................22 7.3.7 Cell Reselection Hysteresis (CRH) .........................................................................25 7.4 Parameters Affecting Network Functions...........................................................................26 7.4.1 Newly Established Cause Indicator (NECI) .............................................................26 7.4.2 Power Control Indicator (PWRC) ............................................................................26 7.4.3 Discontinuous Transmit of Uplink............................................................................27 7.4.4 Discontinuous Transmit of Downlink .......................................................................28 7.4.5 Call Resetup Allowed ..............................................................................................28 7.4.6 Emergency Call Allowed .........................................................................................29 7.4.7 Early Classmark Sending Control ...........................................................................30 7.5 Frequency Hopping Parameters........................................................................................31 7.5.1 Frequency Hopping Sequence Number ..................................................................31 7.5.2 Mobile Allocation.....................................................................................................32
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7.5.3 Mobile Allocation Index Offset.................................................................................32 7.6 Distance Control Parameters ............................................................................................33 7.6.1 Call Clearing ...........................................................................................................33 7.6.2 TA Handover Threshold (MSRANGEMAX) .............................................................34 7.6.3 TA Restriction (MS_BS_DIST_USED) ....................................................................34 7.7 Radio Link Failure Process and Parameters .....................................................................35 7.7.1 Radio Link Failure Counter (RLC or Radio Link Timeout) .......................................35 7.7.2 SACCH Multiframe (RLTO_BS) ..............................................................................37 7.8 Handover and Related Parameters ...................................................................................38 7.8.1 PBGT Handover Threshold (HoMargin) ..................................................................38 7.8.2 Minimum Downlink Power of Handover Candidate Cells (rxLevMinCell).................39 7.8.3 Handover Threshold at Uplink Edge .......................................................................39 7.8.4 Handover Threshold at Downlink Edge ...................................................................40 7.8.5 Downlink Quality Restriction of Emergency Handover ............................................40 7.8.6 Uplink Quality Restriction of Emergency Handover.................................................41 7.8.7 Uplink Quality Threshold of Interference Handover.................................................41 7.8.8 Downlink Quality Threshold of Interference Handover ............................................42 7.8.9 Uplink Received Power Threshold of Interference Handover ..................................43 7.8.10 Downlink Received Power Threshold of Interference Handover............................43 7.8.11 Maximum Repeated Times of Physical Messages (NY1)......................................44 7.8.12 Multiband Indicator (multiband_reporting) .............................................................45 7.8.13 Permitted Network Color Code (ncc permitted) .....................................................46 7.9 Power Control and Related Parameters ............................................................................47 7.9.1 Maximum Transmit Power of MS (MSTXPWRMX) .................................................47 7.9.2 Received Level Threshold of Downlink Power Increment (LDR) .............................48 7.9.3 Received Level Threshold of Uplink Power Increment (LUR)..................................49 7.9.4 Received Quality Threshold of Downlink Power Increment (LDR)...........................50 7.9.5 Received Quality Threshold of Uplink Power Increment (LUR) ...............................50 7.9.6 Received Level Threshold of Downlink Power Decrement (UDR) ...........................51 7.9.7 Received Level Threshold of Uplink Power Decrement (UUR) ...............................52 7.9.8 Received Quality Threshold of Downlink Power Decrement (UDR) ........................53 7.9.9 Received Quality Threshold of Uplink Power Decrement (UUR) .............................54 7.9.10 Power Control Interval (INT)..................................................................................55 7.9.11 Power Increment Step (INC) .................................................................................55 7.9.12 Power Decrement Step (RED) ..............................................................................55 7.10 Systematic Important Timers ...........................................................................................56 7.10.1 T3101....................................................................................................................56 7.10.2 T3103....................................................................................................................57 7.10.3 T3105....................................................................................................................57 7.10.4 T3107....................................................................................................................58 7.10.5 T3109....................................................................................................................59
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7.10.6 T3111....................................................................................................................59 7.10.7 Parameter T3212 ..................................................................................................60 7.10.8 T3122....................................................................................................................61 7.10.9 T3124....................................................................................................................62 7.10.10 T11......................................................................................................................63 7.10.11 T200....................................................................................................................63 7.10.12 N200 ...................................................................................................................65
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Each cell Numbering the previous items aims as follows: An MS can identify the serving network so that the MS can select a network in any environment.
The network can obtain the precise location of the MS so that the network can process various service requests involving the MS. The MS can report information about neighbor cells to the network during calling to avoid call drop. The cell global identity (CGI) is a major network identity parameter. CGI consists of location area identity (LAI) and cell identity (CI). LAI includes mobile country code (MCC), mobile network code (MNC), and location area code (LAC), shown in Figure 7-1.
Figure 7-1 CGI composition The system transmits CGI information through system information (SI) transmitted by cell broadcast. When an MS receives SI, it demodulates SI for CGI information. The MS judge whether to camp on the cell according to the MCC and MNC. It also judges whether the current location area changes to determine updating location. While updating location, the MS reports LAI information to the network so that the network can know the location area of the MS.
II. Format
The CGI is MCC-MNC-LAC-CI, with details as follows: MCC consists of three decimal digits, ranging from 000 to 999. MNC consists of two decimal digits, ranging from 00 to 99. LAC ranges from 0 to 65535 CI ranges from 0 to 65535.
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IV. Precautions
You must pay attention to the following aspects: The MNC is unchangeable. While configuring the LAC, you must follow related regulations. Equivalent LACs must not exist in the state network. Equivalent CIs must not exist in the same location area.
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Figure 7-2 Schematic drawing of BSIC selection In Figure 7-2, the carriers of the cell A, B, C, D, E, and F use the same absolute channel number, and other cells uses BCCH carriers of different channel number. Usually, the cell A, B, C, D, E, and F use different BSIC. When the BSIC resources are inadequate, the cells near use different BSIC. Take cell E for example. If the BSIC resources are limited, you use different BSICs between cell D and E, B and E, F and E for preference. You might use the same BSIC between cell A and E, C and E. The BSIC consists of network color code (NCC) and base station color code (BCC), shown in Figure 7-3.
Figure 7-3 BSIC composition The system transmits BSIC on synchronization channel (SCH) of each cell. The effect of BSIC is as follows: The BSIC involves in decoding process of random access channel (RACH) to prevent base stations from connecting to the RACH sent to the neighbor cells by the MS by error. After the MS receives SCH messages, it judges that it has been synchronous to the cell. Decoding information on the downlink common signaling channel correctly requires training sequence code (TSC) used on common signaling channel. GSM regulations describe TSC in eight fixed formats, and the sequence number of them is 07. The cell BCC determines the TSC used by the common signaling channel of a cell. Therefore the BSIC helps inform the MS of the TSC used by the common signaling channel of the serving cell.
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In a call, the MS must measure the level of BCCH carrier of neighbor cells and report it to the base station according to regulations to neighbor cell list of BCCH. Meanwhile, the MS must provide measured BSIC of the carrier in the uplink measurement reports. When the neighbor cells of a cell include two or more cells with the same BCCH carrier, the base station can distinguish the cells by BSIC to avoid incorrect handover. In a call, the MS must measure signals of neighbor cells, and sends measurement reports to the network. The measurement report can contain information about six neighbor cells only, so the MS must be controlled to report the cells actually related to handover. The first three digits of BSIC (namely, NCC) aims as previously mentioned. Operators control the MS to report the neighbor cell information permitted by the serving cell NCC by broadcast parameters NCC permitted.
II. Format
The BSIC is NCC-BCC, with details as follows: The NCC ranges from 0 to 7. The BCC ranges from 0 to 7.
IV. Precautions
The neighbor cells or cells nearby using the same BCCH carrier must use different BSICs. Especially when two or more cells use the same BCCH carrier in the neighbor cell list of a cell, theses cells must use different BSIC. Pay attention to cells at the bordering areas between provinces and cities, and otherwise cross-cell handover might fail and abundant mistaken access problems might occur.
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II. Format
The AG ranges from 0 to 2 when CCCH shares physical channel (CCCH_CONF = 1) with stand-alone dedicated control channel (SDCCH). The AG ranges from 0 to 5 when CCCH does not share physical channel (CCCH_CONF=0) with stand-alone dedicated control channel (SDCCH).
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messages to be sent in the network, so you need not reserve a channel for immediate assignment messages. In this situation, configure AG to 0.
I. Definition
According to GSM regulations, each MS (corresponding to an IMSI) belongs to a paging group (for calculation of paging groups, see GSM regulation 05.02). Each paging group in a cell corresponds to a paging subchannel. According to its IMSI, the MS calculates the paging group that it belongs to, and then calculates the location of paging subchannel that belongs to the paging group. The MS only receives the signals of the paging subchannel that it belongs to, and neglects that of other paging subchannels. In addition, the MS even powers off some hardware of itself during other paging subchannel to lower power cost of itself. The number of paging channel multiframe (MFR) is the number of multiframes used in a period of paging subchannel. The MFR determines the number of paging subchannels that the cell PCH is divided into.
II. Format
The MFR ranges from 2 to 9, which respectively means that the same paging group cycles in a period of 2 to 9 multiframes.
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paging messages in the space is, and the lower the average service performance of the system is. Therefore, the MFR is an important parameter in network optimization. The following principle caters for configuring MFR: The configured strategy for buffers of each equipment provider is different, so you must select the MFR properly so that the paging messages do not overflow on PCH. Based on this, configure the parameter as small as possible. In addition, you must measurement the overflow situations of PCH periodically while the network is running, and adjust MFR accordingly.
IV. Precautions
Any paging message of the same location area must be sent to all cells in the location areas at the same time, so the PCH capacity of each cell in the location area must be equivalent or close to each other. Otherwise, you must consider smaller PCH capacity as the evidence for designing location area.
II. Format
The CCCH_CONF consists of three bits, with the coding methods listed in Table 7-1. Table 7-1 CCCH configuration coding CCCH_CONF Meaning One physical channel for used for CCCH, not shared with SDCCH One physical channel for used for CCCH, shared with SDCCH Two physical channels for used for CCCH, not shared Number of CCCH message blocks in a BCCH multiframe 9
000
001 010
3 18
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with SDCCH 100 Three physical channels for used for CCCH, not shared with SDCCH Four physical channels for used for CCCH, not shared with SDCCH 27
110
36
IV. Precautions
The CCCH_CONF must be consistent with the actual configuration of cell CCCH. In addition, you must consider the influence on the access grant reserved blocks.
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T It is the number of slots between two sending when the MS keeps sending multiple channel request messages. S It is related to channel combination, and is an intermediate variable of access algorithm. It is determined by T and CCCH configuration.
II. Format
The value of T is from 3 to 12, 14, 16, 20, 25, 32, and 50. The value of S ranges as listed in Table 7-2. Table 7-2 Values of S S in different CCCH combination methods T 3, 8, 14, 50 4, 9, 16 5, 10, 20 6, 11, 25 7, 12, 32 The CCCH and SDCCH does not share a physical channel 55 76 109 163 217 The CCCH and SDCCH share a physical channel 41 52 58 86 115
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times is. The greater the S is, the greater the interval between one channel request message and the next, the less the RACH conflicting times is, and the more efficiently the SDCCH is used. However, the increase of T and S leads to longer time for MS to access the network, so the access performance of the whole network declines. Therefore you must configure T and S properly. S is calculated by MS according to T and combination of CCH. You can configure T freely and sends it to MS by system information. Usually, you need configure T properly to make T + S as small as possible (to reduce the time for MS to access the network); meanwhile you must ensure an effective assignment of SDCCH to avoid overload (for all random access requests, the system does not distinguish whether they are from the same MS, but assigns a SDCCH). In operation, you can adjust the value according to traffic measurement of cell immediate assignment.
II. Format
The minimum access level of RACH ranges from 0 to 63 (corresponding to 110 dBm to 47 dBm). The unit is level grade value.
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II. Format
The value ranges from 0 to 255. The recommended value is 180.
The two parameters random access error threshold and minimum access level of RACH determine the validity of random access burst.
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II. Format
The access control class consists of two parts: Common access control class Value range: a check option, including class 0 disabled, , class 9 disabled. Recommended value: all 0. Special access control class Value range: a check option, including class 11 disabled, , class 15 disabled. Recommended value: all 0. If a class is configured to 1, it means that access is forbidden. For example, a common access class is configured to 1000000000; common users excluding class 0 users can access the network.
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When installing a base station, starting a base station, or maintaining and testing in some cells, configure C0C15 (excluding C10) to 1. In this way, different users are prevented from accessing the network, so the installing and maintenance is less influenced. During busy hours of cells with high traffic, congestion occurs, RACH conflicting time increase, AGCH traffic overloads, and Abis interface traffic overloads. When you configure class of some users to 1, you can reduce the traffic of the cell.
II. Format
The maximum retransmission times consists of two bits, with the meanings listed in Table 7-3. Table 7-3 Coding of maximum transmission times M M 00 01 10 11 maximum transmission times 1 2 4 7
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reduces. Therefore, proper configuration of RET for each cell help utilize network radio resources and improve connection rate. For configuration of RET M, refer to the following methods: For areas with low traffic, such as in suburban or rural areas, configure RET to 7 to increase the access success rate of MS. For areas with average traffic, such as common urban areas, configure RET to 4. For microcell with high traffic and of apparent congestion, configure RET to 1.
II. Format
The range of MS-TXPWR-MAX-CCH is 031. For cells of GSM900 and GSM1800, the dBm values corresponding to the control class are different. In a GSM900 network, the 32 control class of maximum transmit power corresponding to 031 is as follows: {39, 39, 39, 37, 35, 33, 31, 29, 27, 25, 23, 21, 19, 17, 15, 13, 11, 9, 7, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5} In a GSM1800 network, the 32 control class of maximum transmit power corresponding to 031 is as follows: {30, 28, 26, 24, 22, 20, 18, 16, 14, 12, 10, 8, 6, 4, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 36, 34, 32} Recommended values are 5 for GSM900 and 0 for GSM1800.
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The smaller it is, the greater the output power of MS is. The MS near the base station interferes with neighbor channels of the cell, so the access to the network by other MSs and communication quality are influenced. The greater it is, the smaller the output power of MS is, and the lower the access success rate of MS at cell borders is. You must configure MS-TXPWR-MAX-CCH properly according to the serving range of the cell.
II. Format
The values of 03 correspond to 0 dB, 2 dB, 4 dB, and 6 dB. The recommended value is 2.
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The IMSI attach is opposite of IMSI detach. It means that MS informs the network of itself work state changing to working. Usually it refers to when the MS powers on or the SIM is put into MS again. After the MS turns to working state again, it detects whether the current location areas (LAI) is the same as that recorded in MS at last. If yes, the MS starts IMSI attach process (this is one of location updating). If no, the MS starts location updating process of cross location area. After receiving the location updating message or IMSI message from MS, the network sets the IMSI as in working state. The parameter IMSI attach/detach allowed (ATT) is used for informing MS of the IMSI attach/detach process.
II. Format
The value of ATT includes YES/NO. NO means that starting IMSI attach/detach process by MS is forbidden. YES means that starting IMSI attach/detach process by MS is compulsory.
IV. Precautions
The ATT of different cells in the same location area must be the same to avoid abnormalities while the MS is called. For example, in a cell with YES as the value of ATT, when the MS powers off, it starts IMSI detach process. Therefore the network records that the MS is in non-working state, so it does not page the MS. In a cell with No as the value of ATT and the cell being different from the one where the MS powers off, when the MS powers on again in the cell, the MS does not start IMSI attach process. In this situation, the MS cannot be called normally until it starts location updating process.
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II. Format
The value of DR includes YES and NO. YES means that the system allows directional retry. NO means that the system does not support direction retry function.
II. Format
The value of cell_bar_access includes 1 and 0. The value 0 indicates that MS is allowed to access the network from the cell. The value 1 indicates that the MS is barred to access the network from the cell. Actually whether to allow MS to access the network from the cell is determined by both cell_bar_access and cell_bar_qualify.
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7-4.
Figure 7-4 Schematic drawing of cell access barred The area A in Figure 7-4 are busy areas (metropolitan commercial areas). The microcell coverage method is used to improve the access performance in the area with limited frequency resources. The double-layer network is used to reduce cross-cell handover when the MS moves at a high speed, so wide-coverage base station G (capacity can be small) is constructed to cover area A. The MS usually works in microcells (you can configure the priority of cells and reselection parameters to enable this). When the MS is calling while moving fast, the network force MS to hand over to the base station G. The signals of base station G are stronger than microcell base station in most areas. When the call terminates, the MS just camps near base station G and at edge of microcell cells, the MS will not reselect a cell according to GSM regulations, therefore the MS cannot return to microcell. The capacity of base station G is usually small, so the previous phenomenon leads to congestion of base station G. To solve the problem, you can configure the cell_bar_access to 1, namely, to forbid MS directly accessing base station G. In area A, handover is allowed to base station G.
IV. Precautions
The cell_bar_access is used only in some special areas. For common cells, it is configured to 0.
7.3.2 cell_bar_qualify
I. Definition
The cell_bar_qualify determines the priority of cells, namely, it enables MS to select some cell by preference.
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II. Format
The value of cell_bar_qualify includes 1 and 0. The cell_bar_qualify and cell_bar_access determine the priority state of cells, as listed in Table 7-4. Table 7-4 Cell priorities cell_bar_qualify cell_bar_access 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 Cell selection priority Normal Barred Low Low Cell reselection state Normal Barred Normal Normal
An exception is that the cell selection priority and cell reselection state are normal when the following conditions are met: The cell belongs to the PLMN which the MS belongs to. The MS is in cell test operation mode. The cell_bar_access is 1. The cell_bar_qualify is 0. The access control class 15 is disabled.
IV. Precautions
Pay attention to the following aspects: When cell priority is used as a method to optimize network, the cell_bar_qualify only affects cell selection, without any influence on cell reselection. You must optimize the network by combining cell_bar_qualify and C2. During cell selection, when the proper cells with normal as the priority is not present, the MS will select cells with low priority. Therefore when the level of the cell with normal priority is low, and cells with low priority and high level are present, the MS will access the network slowly while powering on.
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II. Format
The value range of RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN is from 110 dBm to 47 dBm.
IV. Precautions
Except for areas of high density of base stations and of qualified coverage, adjusting cell traffic by RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN is not recommended.
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II. Format
ADDITIONAL RESELECT consists of 1 bit. In SI3, it is meaningless, and equipment manufacturers configure it to N. The MS uses ADDITIONAL RESELECT of SI4. When ADDITIONAL RESELECT is configured to N, the meaning is: if the rest bytes of SI4 (SI4RestOctets) are present, the MS must abstract and calculate parameters related to C2 and related cell reselection parameter PI. When ADDITIONAL RESELECT is configured to Y, the meaning is that the MS must abstract and calculate parameters related to C2 and related cell reselection parameter PI.
II. Format
The value of CELL_RESELECT_PARAM_IND includes Y and N, with the meanings as follows: Y: The MS must calculate C2 by abstracting parameters from SIs of cell broadcast, and set C2 as the standard for cell reselection. N: The MS must set C1 as the standard, namely, C2 = C1.
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Starts measuring signals level of BCCH carrier in neighbor cells. Records the 6 neighbor cells with greatest signal level. Abstract various SI and control information of each neighbor cell from the 6 cells. When conditions are met, the MS hands over from the selected cell to another. This process is called cell reselection. The conditions include: Cell priority Whether the cell is barred to access Radio channel level (important) When the signal level of neighbor cells exceeds that of the serving cell, cell reselection occurs. The channel level standard used in cell reselection is C2, with the calculation as follows: 1) When PENELTY_TIME 11111: C2 = C1 + CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET - TEMPORARY_OFFSET * H (PENALTY_TIME - T) Wherein, if PENALTY_TIME - T (x) < 0, the function H(x) = 0; if x 0, H(x) = 1. 2) When PENELTY_TIME = 11111: C2 = C1 - CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET T is a timer, with 0 as the initial value. When a cell is listed by MS in the list of cells with maximum signal level, start T with step of 4.62ms (a TDMA frame). When the cell is removed from the list, the associated T is reset. After cell reselection, the T of original cell works as PENALTY_TIME. Namely, temporary offset is not performed on the original cell. CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET (CRO) modifies cell reselecting time C2. TEMPORARY_OFFSET (TO) is supplemented to C2 from starting working of T to the prescribed time. PENALTY_TIME is the time for TEMPORARY_OFFSET having effect on C2. When PENALTY_TIME = 11111, the MS is informed of using C2 = C1 CRO. CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET, TEMPORARY_OFFSET, and PENALTY_TIME are cell reselection parameters. When the cell reselection parameter PI is 1, the MS is informed of receiving values of three parameters on BCCH. If PI is 0, the MS judges that the previous three parameters are 0, namely C2 = C1. If the C2 of a cell (in the same location area as the serving cell) calculated by MS is greater than the C2 of the cell where MS camps, and this lasts for over 5s, the MS reselects to camp on the cell.
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If the C2 of a cell (in different location area as the serving cell) calculated by MS is greater than the sum of C2 of the cell where MS camps and cell reselect hysteresis, and this lasts for over 5s, the MS reselects to camp on the cell. The interval between two reselections is at least 15s, and this avoids frequent cell reselection by MS. C2 is formed on the combination of C1 and artificial offset parameters. The artificial offset parameters help MS camp on or prevent MS from camping on some cell. This balances the traffic of the network.
II. Format
1) 2) 3) The cell reselection offset (CRO) is in decimal, with unit of dB. It ranges from 0 to 63, which means 0 to 126 dB (2 dB as the step). The recommended value is 0. The temporary offset (TO) is in decimal, with unit of dB. It ranges from 0 to 7, which means 0 to 70 dB (10 dB as the step). The recommended value is 0. The penalty time (PT) is in decimal, with unit of second. It ranges from 0 to 31. The value 0 to 30 means 20s to 620s (20s as the step). The value 31 is reserved for changing the effect direction of C2 by CRO. The recommended value is 0.
IV. Precautions
In whatever situations, the CRO must not be greater than 30 dB, because over great CRO leads to unstable network, such as complaints about signal fluctuation.
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II. Format
CRH is in decimal, with unit of dB. The range is 0 to 14, with step of 2 dB. The recommended value is 4.
IV. Precautions
Do not configure CRH to 0 dB.
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II. Format
The value of NECI includes Y and N, with the meaning as follows: Y means that the area support half-speed TCH. N means that the area cannot support half-speed TCH.
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To avoid the influence on power control, when the MS calculates average received level during frequency hopping, the received level obtained from BCCH carrier slot must be removed (see GSM regulations 05.08).
II. Format
The value of PWRC includes 0 and 1, with meanings as follows: When PWRC is 0, the measurement result by MS includes BCCH carrier. When PWRC is 1, the measurement result by MS does not include BCCH carrier.
IV. Precautions
The value of PWRC depends actually on the following parameters: Whether to use frequency hopping. Whether the hopping frequency includes BCCH carrier. Whether the system uses downlink power control.
II. Format
Whether the network allows uplink to use discontinuous transmit (DTX) is set by equipment room operators. DTX ranges from 0 to 2, with the following meanings: 0: MS can use DTXU. 1: MS must use DTXU. 2: MS cannot use DTXU.
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Lower interference to radio channels. Due to this, the average call quality of network is improved. Cut power consumption by MS For the previous advantages, DTX is recommended to use.
II. Definition
DTXD is in string, and the range is YES and NO. The meanings are as follows: YES: Downlink uses DTX. NO: Downlink does not use DTX.
IV. Precautions
According to GSM regulations, downlink DTX is optional. If the base station equipment supports DTXD, then use it. However, you must ensure that voice transcoder is available to support DTXD.
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II. Format
The values of call resetup allowed are 1 and 0, with meanings as follows: 1: Call resetup is allowed in the cell. 0: Call resetup is forbidden in the cell.
II. Format
EC consists of 1 bit. For the MS with ACC of C0 to C9 or without SIM, the EC is NO, meaning emergency call forbidden. YES means emergency call allowed. For the MS with ACC of C11 to C15, when both the access control bit and EC are configured to forbidden, it is forbidden for emergency calls.
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II. Format
The values of ECSC are Y and N, with the following meanings: Y: The MS reports Classmark3 to the network immediately after link setup. N: The MS is forbidden to report its Classmark3 to network initiatively.
IV. Precautions
In a dualband network, configure the parameter of all cell to the same value. Configuring the parameter to different values in one or more cells is forbidden; otherwise, the network quality declines.
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II. Format
HSN is in decimal, ranging from 0 to 63, wherein: 0: cyclic frequency hopping 163: pseudo frequency hopping
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II. Format
MA is a set, with all GSM frequency points as its element, namely: For GSM900 networks: 1124 and 9751023. For GSM1800 networks: 512885
IV. Precautions
Chinese GSM networks do not cover all available frequency bands of GSM system, so configure MA in available frequency bands. The number of elements in each MA set cannot exceed 63. The MA cannot include BCCH carriers. The number of MA must not be multiples of 13 if all the following conditions are met: Using DTX HSN = 0 (cyclic frequency hopping) You must avoid SACCH to appear usually at the same frequency point.
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II. Format
MAIO ranges from 0 to 63.
IV. Precautions
The different cells using same group of MA must use consistent MAIO. Using different MAIOs enables different sectors in the same location to use the same frequency group (MA) without frequency collision.
II. Format
CallClearing ranges from 0 to 63, with unit of TA.
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restrict the distance between MS and base station and to avoid MSs in allowed coverage range to interfere other MSs, especially in areas with complex landform. The cell coverage range is irregular, so island effect might occur. For this phenomenon, define CallClearing to clear calls in island areas.
II. Format
MSRANGEMAX ranges from 0 to 63, with unit of TA. The reference is 63.
II. Format
The range is 0 to 63, with unit of TA. The reference is 63.
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proper threshold to filter pseudo RACH requests to avoid unnecessary assigning SDCCH. According to tests, for mountain-mounted base stations, the coverage and interference is difficult to control. If you define the maximum allowed access distance to 63, the RACH misjudgment increases (the system demodulates interference to RACH bursts by mistake). Therefore the radio performance and traffic measurement indexes of the cell are affected.
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II. Format
The step from 4 to 64 is 4, with unit of SACCH period as follows: For TCH, the SACCH period is 480ms. For SDCCH, the SACCH period is 470ms.
Figure 7-6 Application of radio link failure counter Assume that cell A is a neighbor cell to cell B and the bordering coverage is poor. When an MS moves from P to Q while in talk,
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If the radio link failure counter is over small, call drop occurs before cross-cell handover. If the radio link failure counter is over great, the network releases related resources until radio link expires, though the voice quality is too poor when MS camps on cell B near P. Therefore, the utilization of radio resources declines. Proper configuration of radio link failure counter is important, and is related to the actual situations. To configure radio link failure counter, refer to the following rules: Configure it to between 52 and 64 in areas with over low traffic. Configure it to between 36 and 48 in areas with low traffic and great coverage radium Configure it to between 20 and 32 in areas with heavy traffic.
IV. Precautions
Configure radioLinkTimeout to smaller than T3109. This contributes to success of call resetup and avoids the following situation effectively: Before the MS releases radio resources due to expiration, the network side completes releasing channels resources and reallocates resources to other MSs. Therefore two MSs might use the same slot and this causes interferences even call drop.
II. Format
RLT0_BS ranges from 4 to 64.
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IV. Precautions
RLT0_BS and RLC must be consistent.
II. Format
The PBGT handover threshold ranges from 0 to 127, corresponding to 64 dB to +63 dB. The reference value for suburban areas is 68. The reference value for urban areas is 70 to 72.
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II. Format
It ranges from 110 dBm to 47 dBm.
IV. Precautions
You cannot configure rxLevMinCell over great (over 65 dBm) or over small (lower than 95 dBm), and otherwise communication quality is affected.
II. Format
It ranges from 0 to 63, corresponding to 110 dBm to 47 dBm. The recommended values are as follows: Configure it to 25 in urban areas without PBGT handover. Configure it to 20 in single site of suburban areas. Configure it to 20 in urban areas with PBGT handover
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II. Format
It ranges from 0 to 63, corresponding to 110 dBm to 47 dBm. The recommended values are as follows: Configure it to 30 in urban areas without PBGT handover. Configure it to 25 in single site of suburban areas. Configure it to 25 in urban areas with PBGT handover
II. Format
It ranges from 0 to 70, corresponding to RQ (QoS 0 to 7) x 10. The recommended value is 50.
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II. Format
It ranges from 0 to 70, corresponding to RQ (QoS 0 to 7) x 10. The recommended value is 50.
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II. Format
It ranges from 0 to 70, corresponding to RQ (QoS 0 to 7) x 10. The recommended value is 50.
II. Format
It ranges from 0 to 70, corresponding to RQ (QoS 0 to 7) x 10. The recommended value is 50.
IV. Precautions
The interference handover quality must be better than emergency handover quality.
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II. Format
It ranges from 0 to 63, corresponding to 110 dBm to 47 dBm. The recommended value is 25.
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When handover switch is enabled, the interference handover occurs within the cell by preference.
II. Format
It ranges from 0 to 63, corresponding to 110 dBm to 47 dBm. The recommended value is 30.
II. Format
NY1 ranges from 0 to 254. The recommended value is 20.
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If the physical messages are sent multiple times, and the network cannot receive layer 2 frames sent by MS, the PCH is too poor to communicate normally. Though link is setup after multiple trials, the communication quality is not guaranteed. This lowers the utilization of radio resources. Therefore configure NY1 to a smaller value.
IV. Precautions
Configuring NY1 is affected by T3105. If T3105 is configured to a short value, then the NY1 needs to be increased accordingly. If a handover trial fails before the original cell receives the HANDOVER FAILURE message, and the T3105 of the target cell expires for Ny times, the target BTS sends a CONNECTION FAILURE INDICATION message to the target BSC. Though the MS might return to the original channel, the traffic measurement counters from multiple vendors will take statistics of connection failure. To avoid the previous phenomenon, configure T3105 as follows: Ny * T3105 > T3124 + delta (delta: the time between expiration of T3124 and receiving HANDOVER FAILURE message by original BTS)
II. Format
The multiband indicator ranges from 0 to 3, with meanings as follows: 0: According to signal strength of neighbor cells, the MS must report six allowed measurement reports of neighbor cells with strongest signals and known NCC, with the neighbor cells in whatever band. 1: The MS must report the allowed measurement report of a neighbor cell with known NCC and with strongest signals at each band expect for the band used by the serving cell. The MS must also report the neighbor cells of the band used by
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the serving cell in rest locations. If there are other rest locations, the MS must report conditions of other neighbor cells in any band. 2: The MS must report the allowed measurement report of two neighbor cells with known NCC and with strongest signals at each band expect for the band used by the serving cell. The MS must also report the neighbor cells of the band used by the serving cell in rest locations. If there are other rest locations, the MS must report conditions of other neighbor cells in any band. 3: The MS must report the allowed measurement report of three neighbor cells with known NCC and with strongest signals at each band expect for the band used by the serving cell. The MS must also report the neighbor cells of the band used by the serving cell in rest locations. If there are other rest locations, the MS must report conditions of other neighbor cells in any band.
II. Format
The parameter ncc permitted is a bit mapping value, consisting of 8 bits. The most significant bit is bit 7 while the least significant bit is bit 0. Each bit corresponds to an NCC code 0 to 7 (see GSM regulations 03.03 and 04.08).
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If the bit N is 0 (N ranges from 0 to 7), the MS needs not to measure the level of the cell with NCC of N. Namely, it only measures the signal quality and level of the cells corresponding to bit number of 1 in NCC and ncc permitted configuration.
IV. Precautions
Improper configuration of the parameter causes normal handover and even call drop. The parameter only affects behaviors of MS.
Note: In any situation, power control is prior to related handover for BSS. Only when the BSS fails to improve uplink signal strength and voice quality to the prescribed level, it starts handover.
To reduce interference between neighbor cells, the power control of MS is restricted. Namely, the BTS controls MS to transmit power within the threshold. MSTXPWRMX is the maximum transmit power of MS controlled by BTS.
II. Format
MSTXPWRMX ranges from 0 to 31.
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The dBm values corresponding to GSM900 and GSM1800 cells are different: The 32 maximum transmit power control classes for GSM900 are {39, 39, 39, 37, 35, 33, 31, 29, 27, 25, 23, 21, 19, 17, 15, 13, 11, 9, 7, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5} The 32 maximum transmit power control classes for GSM900 are {30, 28, 26, 24, 22, 20, 18, 16, 14, 12, 10, 8, 6, 4, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 36, 34, 32}
II. Format
It ranges from 110 dBm to 47 dBm. N1 ranges from 1 to 32. P1 ranges from 1 to 32.
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II. Format
It ranges from 110 dBm to 47 dBm. N1 ranges from 1 to 32. P1 ranges from 1 to 32.
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II. Format
It ranges from 0 to 7, the voice quality grade. N3 ranges from 1 to 32. P3 ranges from 1 to 32.
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The received quality threshold of uplink power increment defines the uplink received quality threshold. When the uplink quality received by MS is smaller than it, the base station starts power control to increase transmit power of MS. The parameter N3 means that at lease N3 sampling points must be measured before starting handover algorithm. The parameter P3 means the quality of at least P3 sampling points in N3 sampling points is smaller than the threshold prescribed by received quality threshold of uplink power increment.
II. Format
It ranges from 0 to 7, the voice quality grade. N3 ranges from 1 to 32. P3 ranges from 1 to 32.
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The parameter P2 means the level of at least P2 sampling points in N2 sampling points is greater than the threshold prescribed by received level threshold of downlink power decrement.
II. Format
It ranges from 110 dBm to 47 dBm. N1 ranges from 1 to 32. P1 ranges from 1 to 32.
II. Format
It ranges from 110 dBm to 47 dBm. N2 ranges from 1 to 32.
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II. Format
It ranges from 0 to 7, the voice quality grade. N4 ranges from 1 to 32. P4 ranges from 1 to 32.
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II. Format
It ranges from 0 to 7, the voice quality grade. N4 ranges from 1 to 32. P4 ranges from 1 to 32.
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II. Format
It ranges from 0 to 31s.
IV. Precautions
INT cannot be smaller than 1s, and otherwise the system becomes unstable.
II. Format
The range of INC is 2 dB, 4 dB, or 6 dB.
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II. Format
The range of RED is 2 dB or 4 dB.
II. Format
T3101 ranges from 0 to 255s. The recommended value is 3s.
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7.10.2 T3103
I. Definition
In inter- and intra-BSS handover, the BSC determines the time for keeping TCH both in handover-originated cell and target cell. When the time receives handover completion (intra-BSC) or clearing (inter-BSC) message, T3103 stops.
II. Format
T3103 ranges from 0 to 255s. The recommended value is 5s.
7.10.3 T3105
I. Definition
See the protocol 0408 and 0858. When sending physical information, the network starts T3105. If the timer expires before receiving any correct frames from MS, the network resends physical information and restarts the T3105. The maximum repeated times is Ny1.
II. Format
T3105 ranges from 0 to 255, with unit of 10ms.
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IV. Precautions
T3105 is related to the timer NY1. If T3105 is small, configure NY1 to a greater value. If a handover trial fails and the T3105 of the target cell expires for Ny times before the original cell receives the HANDOVER FAILURE message, the target BTS sends the CONNECTION FAILURE INDICATION message to the target BSC. The counter of target BSC is renewed though MS might return to the original channel. To avoid this, the T3105 must meet the following foulard: Ny * T3105 > T3124 + delta Wherein, delta is the time between expiration of T3124 and receiving HANDOVER FAILURE message by original BSC.
7.10.4 T3107
I. Definition
T3107 is a BSC timer, restricting the time for executing TCH assignment instruction. It caters for TCH assignment of intracell handover and channel assignment of calling.
II. Format
T3107 ranges form 0s to 255s. The recommended values are as follows: 10s when channel resources are enough. 5s when channel resources are limited.
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7.10.5 T3109
I. Definition
The BSC restricts the releasing resource of SACCH by T3109.
II. Format
T3109 ranges from 3s to 34s. The recommended T3109 is as follows: T3109 = a + RdioLinktimeOut x 0.480s, a = 1s or 2s.
IV. Precautions
The sum of T3111 and T3109 must be greater than RadioLinkTimeOut. If T3109 is over small, the corresponding radio resources are re-allocated before RadioLinkTimeOut is due (radio link is not released).
7.10.6 T3111
I. Definition
T3111 is a connection release delay timer, used in deactivation of delayed channel after disconnection of major signaling link. T3111 aims to spare some time for repeated disconnections. When BSC receives the REL_IND message sent by BTS, T3111 starts. For time protection, T3111 stops until expiration and the BSC sends the RF_CHAN_REL message to BTS.
II. Format
T3111 ranges from 0s to 5s. The recommended value is 2s.
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II. Format
T3212 ranges from 0 to 255, with unit of 6 minutes (1/10 hour). If T3212 = 1, it means that T3212 is 6 minutes. If T3212 = 255, it means that T3212 is 25 hours and 30 minutes. If T3212 = 0, it means that MS is not required for periodical location updating in the cell. The recommended T3212 is 240.
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T3212 is configured by equipment room operators. Its value depends on the flow and processing capability of each NE. Configure T3212 as follows: Configure T3212 to a greater value (such as 16 hours, 20 hours, or even 25 hours) in areas with heavy traffic and signaling flow. Configure T3212 to a smaller value (such as 3 hours or 6 hours) in areas with low traffic and signaling flow. Configure T3212 to 0 in areas with traffic overrunning the system capacity. To configure T3212 properly, you must permanently measure the processing capability and flow of each UE in the running network, such as: The processing capability of MSC and BSC A interface, Abis interface, and Um interface The capability of HLR and VLR If any of the previously listed NEs is overloaded, you can consider increasing T3212.
IV. Precautions
T3212 cannot be over small. Otherwise, the signaling flow at each interface increases sharply and the MS (especially handset) consumes increasing power. If the T3212 is smaller than 30 minutes (excluding 0), the network will be fiercely impacted. Configuring T3212 of different cells in the same location area to the same value is recommended. In addition, the T3212 must be consistent with related parameters of switching side (smaller than the implicit detach timer at switching side). If the T3212 of different cells in the same location area is the same, in the cell reselection, the MS continues to time according the T3212 of the original cell. If the T3212 of the original and target cell in the same location area is different, the MS uses the T3212 of the original cell modulo that of the serving cell. According to the actual tests of MS in the network, if the T3212 in the same location area is different, after the MS performs modulo algorithm based on behaviors of some users, the MS might power on normally. However, the MS fails in originating location updating, so the network identifies it as implicit detach. Now the MS powers on normally, but a user has powered off prompt appears when it is called.
7.10.8 T3122
I. Definition
T3122 defines the period that the MS must wait for before the second trial calling if the first trial calling fails. It aims to avoid congestion of SDCCH due to repeated trial calling by MS and to relieve system load.
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II. Format
T3122 ranges from 0s to 255s. The recommended value is 10s.
7.10.9 T3124
I. Definition
T3124 is used in occupation process in asynchronous handover. It is the time for MS to receive the physical information send by network side.
II. Format
Configure it to 675ms when the channel type of assigned channel for HANDOVER COMMAND message is SDCCH (+ SACCH). Configure it to 320ms in other situations.
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3) 4)
Then the MS sends the HANDOVER FAILURE message on the primary signaling link and return normal operation before trial handover. The parameters for returning the original channel are those before response to the HANDOVER COMMAND message (such as in encryption mode).
7.10.10 T11
I. Definition
T11 is an assignment request queue timer.
II. Format
T11 is determined by equipment room operators. It indicates the maximum queuing delay for assignment request.
7.10.11 T200
I. Definition
T200 is important (both the MS and base station have T200) at Um interface in data link layer LAPDm. LAPDm has different channels, such as SDCCH, FACCH, and SACCH, and the transmission rate of different channel is different, so T 200 must be configured
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with different values. The type of the channels corresponding to T200 is the value of the T200.
II. Format
Different channels corresponds different values of T200. According to the protocol, when SAPI = 0 and SAPI = 3, the T200 of corresponding data link is dependently implemented, depending on delay of synchronous processing mechanism and process in layer 1 and layer 2. Table 7-5 Value range and default of each type of T200 T200 T200_SDCCH_SAPI0 T200_FACCH_Full_Rate T200_FACCH_Half_Rate T200_SACCH_TCH SAPI0 T200_SACCH_TCH SAPI3 T200_SACCH_SDCCH T200_SDCCH_SAPI3 Minimum 50 40 40 120 120 50 50 Maximu m 100 100 100 200 200 100 100 Default 60; /* = 60 * 5 ms */ 50; /* = 50 * 5 ms */ 50; /* = 50 * 5 ms */ 150; /* = 150 * 10 ms */ 150; /* = 150 * 10 ms */ 60; /* = 60 * 10 ms */ 60; /* = 60 * 5 ms */
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IV. Precautions
T200 must be properly configured to ensure a predictable behavior at Um interface. The rules for configuring T200 include: The potentially-existing lost frames in radio link must be detected as possible. Necessary retransmission of frames must start at the earliest possible moment. If the response is delayed due to UE failure, the T200 cannot expire before receiving and processing the next frame from the opposite end. If T200 expires and no other frames are sent by preference, the related frames must be resent in the message block. T 200 starts immediately after next PH-READY-TO-SEND.
7.10.12 N200
I. Definition
N200 is the resending times after expiration of T200.
II. Format
To configure N200, follow rules below: 1) When SAPI = 0 or 3, N200 depends on the state and the channel used. When multiframe operation is set up, it ensures a common time value for layer 2 link failure in all channels. For layer 2 link establishment and release, configure N200 to 5. 2) In timer recovery state, configure N200 as below: 5 (SACCH) 23 (SDCCH) 34 (FACCH of full rate) 29 (FACCH of half rate) 3) When SAPI is unequal to 0 or 3, configure N200 to 5, as shown in Table 7-6.
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The TDMA frame is the measurement unit of values in this table, equal to 120/26ms (approximately 4.615ms)
Note 1: It caters for the process without SAPI 0 transmission. Otherwise, it does not have a upper limit due to the priority of SAPI 0 transmission. Note 2: You can configure it to a greater value only when PCH is unavailable due to SAPI frame transmission if SAPI = 3. Note 3: It caters only for sending monitoring frames that are available and without F equal to 1.
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