PRE- PRIMARY WACP REVISION COURSE TOPIC; AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM (ANS) BY DR MUYIBI, S.A.

GOP DEPARTMENT, UCH, IBADAN. Definition: ANS is that part of the peripheral nervous system responsible for the control of visceral functions. It is classified into two:- sympathetic - parasympathetic Components: Organised on the bases of reflex arc. Both sympathetic and parasympathetic consists of outflow tract (afferent);central organization station-Ganglia; and effector (efferent) pathways for viscerals appropriate functioning, homeostatic adjustments;- osmoreceptors, baroreceptors, chemoreceptors. A. Sympathetic system: - Has the thoraco-lumbar outflow (T1-L3) - Ganglia- far away from organ. - Preganglionic transmitters- acetylcholine, - Postganglionic transmitters- Nor Adrenaline. - Adrenal medulla transmitters- Adrenaline(80%). - Sympathetic distribution: Head and neck is from T1, T2 superior cervical ganglia. Thorax is from T2-T4, via stellate ganglion plus middle and inferior cervical ganglia. Abdomen is from T4-T12, via celiac ganglion to splanchic nerves. Pelvis and lower limbs is from L1-L3.

B. Parasympathetic system: - has cranio-sacral outflow - ganglia are close to or within organ innervated. - ACH is the transmitter substances- preganglionic and postganglionic. 1) CRANIAL OUTFLOW: III- Occulomotor nerve to circular muscle of the eye via ciliary ganglion VII- Facial nerve to lacrimal gland through sub-maxillary gland, sub-lingual gland, via chorda tympani. XI- Glossopharyngeal nerve to parotid glands. X- Vagus nerve- largest parasympathetic nerve (80%) to the lungs, heart, vessels, most of the viscera. (2).SACRAL OUTFLOW : S2,3,4- via pelvic nerve (Nervi erigentes) to the followings-large intestine, rectum and anal sphincter, bladder, external genitalia.

SYNTHESIS SUBSTANCES

OF

NEUROTRANSMITTER

1. Acetylcholine- Acetyl CoA + Choline ACH - ACH degraded by acetylcholinesterase.

2. Cateccholamines (from Tyrosine,Dopamine) - noradrenaline - adrenaline - Inactivated by MAO (Monoamine oxidase) - COMT (Catechol- O- Methyltransferase). RECEPTORS; 1. Acetylcholine- Nicotinic--> preganglionic sites - Muscarinic postganglionic sites
2. Catecholamines- Act via - receptors ( excitatory
1,1)

receptors ( inhibitory 2 e.g. lungs)

GENERAL EFFECT OF SYMPATHETIC AND PARASYMPATHETIC NERVE STIMULATION .; 1. Actions of one component is opposite to that of the other e.g. Sympathetic stimulation-H.R Parasympathetic stimulation- H.R 2. The actions of one component is not always identical in all parts of the body e.g. sympathetic nerve stimulation constricts the smooth muscle of the arterioles of CVS but relaxes the smooth muscles of the bronchioles in the lungs. Afferent fibers from viscerals reach the CNS via sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways, their cell bodies located in dorsal roots and homologous cranial nerve ganglia. In the CNS, visceral sensations travels along the spinothalamic tracts, thalamic radiations, cortical receiving areas in post central gyri, similar to somatic sensations.

3.

3. Visceral Pain is poorly localized, unpleasant, and associated with nausea, ANS symptoms. The pain is often referred to other part of the body.

SUMMARY OF SYMPATHETIC FUNCTION

EYE SYMPATHETIC Pupillary dilations (mydriasis) PARASYMPATHETIC Pupillary constriction. Lacrimation (lacrimal gland). Salivation (salivary gland). Decrease heart rate.

HEART

BLOOD VESSELS LUNG GIT BLADDER GENITAL SKIN METABOLI C

tarchycardia) 1 Increase contractile forces. Increase cardiac output. Increase blood pressure Vasoconstriction of arterioles, veins Bronchodil Broncho constriction. ation of lungs 2. Reduced motlity and secretion. Contraction of sphincter. Relaxation of detrusor muscle (bladder) but contraction of sphincter. Ejaculation Contractio n of pilomotor muscles (skin).
-

Increase H.R (reflex

Increase GIT motility and secretion Relaxation of GIT sphincter. Relaxation of sphincter. Penile erection. Sweatiness (sweat gland)

Glycogeno Increase insulin secretion Decrease

lysis (2) insulin secretion Lipolysis (2)