GCE Examinations Advanced / Advanced Subsidiary

Core Mathematics C1
Paper 1 Time: 1 hour 30 minutes

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Answer all the questions. Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, unless a different degree of accuracy is specified in the question or is clearly appropriate. You are not permitted to use a calculator in this paper.

INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. You are reminded of the need for clear presentation in your answers.

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1.

Express

( x)
3

6 5

in the form xn, stating the value of n.

[4]

2.

Factorise 21x2 + 4x 1. Hence, or otherwise, solve the equation

2 1

[2]

21 y 3 + 4 y 3 1 = 0 . Give your answers as fractions. [6]

3.

The straight line p is perpendicular to the line with equation x + 2y = 1 and passes through the point A(a, 2). Find, in terms of the constant a, an equation for the line p. [6]

Given that the line p crosses the y-axis at the point B(0, 3), find the value of a.

[3]

4.

Solve the simultaneous equations

x 4y = 2,

x2 4xy = 8.

[6]

5.

The diagram shows the curve y = f(x), where a is a positive constant. The maximum and minimum points on the curve are (a, 3a) and (a, 0) respectively. Sketch the following curves, on separate diagrams, in each case stating the coordinates of the maximum and minimum points:
y

i) ii)

y = f(x a)
(a, 3a)

y = 2f(x).

(a, 0)

[6]

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6.

Factorise the polynomial Hence, or otherwise,

2x3 x2 15x. i) ii) solve the equation 2x3 x2 15x = 0 sketch the graph of y = 2x3 x2 15x.

[3] [2] [3]

7.

The diagram shows the graph of the curve with equation y = 1

y

4 . x

A 0

Find the co-ordinates of the point, A, where the curve cuts the x-axis.

[3]

The line given by y = x + a intersects the curve at one point only. Find the possible values of a.

[6]

State the range of values of a for which the line given by y = x + a does not intersect the curve.

[2]

8.

i)

The tenth term of an arithmetic progression is 36, and the sum of the first ten terms is 180. Find the first term and the common difference. [5]

200

ii)

Evaluate

( 2n 5 ) .
n =1

[4]

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9.

A curve has equation y = f(x). Given that the curve passes through the point A(1, 1) and is such that dy = 2 1 x2, find the equation of the curve. 2 dx

[4]

Find the equation of the tangent to the curve at the point A, giving your answer in the form ax + by = c where a, b and c are integers. [4]

10.

y S Q P

The diagram shows the curve y = x2 3x + 3. The curve crosses the y-axis at the point Q with coordinates (0, 3), and P is the point with coordinates (3, 3). The normal to the curve at P meets the y-axis at S. Calculate the distance QS. [6]

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SOLUTIONS. 1 = 1. 6 5 3 x

( )

(x )
1 3

6 5

= x

1
1 3

6 5

1 x
2 5

= x 5.

This means that n = 2.

2 . 5

21x2 + 4x 1 = (7x 1)(3x + 1).

2 1

The equation 21 y 3 + 4 y 3 1 = 0 is equivalent to

(7 y

1 3

1 3y3 + 1 = 0

)(

y3 =
3.

1 1 1 1 1 or y 3 = and hence we have solutions y = or y = . 7 3 343 27

Gradient of the line given by x + 2y = 1 is 1 . 2 Required equation is of the form y = mx + c. m = the gradient and is such that 1 m = 1 m = 2. 2 Therefore, y = 2x + c for some constant c. Since the line passes through A(a, 2), put x = a, y = 2 to obtain c = 2 2a. Therefore, the line p has equation y = 2x + 2 2a. Put x = 0, y = 3 to obtain y = 2x + 2 2a 3 = 2 2a

a=1 . 2
4. We have: x 4y = 2, x2 4xy = 8. (4y + 2)2 4(4y + 2)y = 8 16y2 + 16y + 4 16y2 8y = 8 8y = 4

Substitute x = 4y + 2 to get

and thus y = 1 . 2 Substitute in x = 4y + 2 to get x = 4. 5. i) ii) (Translates by a units along the x-axis.) max = (0, 3a), min = (2a, 0) (Stretch, scale-factor 2 along the y-axis and then reflects in the x-axis.) max = (a, 0), min = (a, 6a).

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6.

Taking out common factors gives

2x3 x2 15x = x(2x2 x 15) = x(2x + 5)(x 3).

i)

The equation 2x3 x2 15x = 0 can be written x(2x + 5)(x 3) = 0 x = 0 or x = 2.5 or x = 3. The solutions in i) are the x coordinates of the points where the graph of y = 2x3 x2 15x intersects the x axis. This quickly leads to the correct graph.
y y = 2x3 x2 15

ii)

2.5

7.

4 x 0 = x 4. This means that A has co-ordinates (4, 0). A has y-coordinate 0 and so 0 = 1 If the graphs of y = 1 x+a=1 4 and y = x + a intersect at one point only, then the equation x

4 has only one solution. x Rearrange to get x2 + ax = x 4 the equation x2 + (a 1)x + 4 = 0 has just one solution. The only way this equation can have a single solution is if its discriminant is zero and hence (a 1)2 4 1 4 = 0, from which we obtain a = 3 or a = 5. The range of values of a for which the line given by y = x + a does not intersect the curve is now easily seen to be 3 < a < 5. 8. i) Denote the first term by a and the common difference by d. We have u10 = 36 a + 9d = 36 10 and S10 = 180 2 ( 2 a + 9d ) = 180 or 2a + 9d = 36. Solve simultaneously to get a = 0 and d = 4.

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200

ii)

( 2n 5) = 3 + (1) + 1 + 3 + + 195.
n =1

This is the sum to two hundred terms of an arithmetic progression with first term a = 3 and common difference d = 2.
200

Thus

( 2n 5) = 2 ( 2a + d ( n 1)) = 100 (6 + 199 2) = 39200.

n =1

9.

Integrate both sides of

dy = 2 1 x2 to get y = 2x 1 x3 + K for some constant K. 2 6 dx Now substitute x = 1, y = 1 to get 1 = 2 (1) 1 (1)3 + K from which we 6
17 6

easily obtain that K = This gives y = 2x

1 6

.
17 6

x +

. dy =2 dx
1 2

For the tangent, note first that the gradient of the curve at the point A = =2
1 2

x2

(1)2 =

3 2

Hence the tangent has an equation of the form y = 3 x + c for some constant c. 2 This is equivalent to 2y = 3x + K for some constant K. Substitute x = 1, y = 1 to get K = 5. Therefore, the required tangent has equation 2y = 3x + 5 or, equivalently, 3x 2y = 5. 10. Find the equation of the normal at P: Differentiate y = x2 3x + 3 to get y = mx + c where m is the gradient.

dy = 2x 3. dx Gradient of tangent at P = 2 3 3 = 3. Gradient of normal at P = M = 1 (since the product of the gradients of 3 perpendicular lines = 1).

Thus, the normal at P has equation y = 1 x + c for some constant c. 3 Since the normal passes through P(3, 3), substitute x = 3, y = 3 to obtain 3 = 1 3 + c which leads to c = 4. 3 Therefore, the normal at P has equation y = 1 x + 4. 3

Co-ordinates of S are now obtained by substituting x = 0 in the equation for the above normal. S = (0, 4). Finally, the distance QS = (y co-ordinate of S) (y co-ordinate of Q) = 4 3 = 1.

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