Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
RiverSides
RiverSafe Communities
5 Things You Can Do For the Don (Toronto) 1996-1998 WaterLinks/CommunEAUt (City of Ottawa) 1998-2001 Nine Mile Run RainBarrel Initiative (Pittsburgh) 2003-present RiverSmart Homes (Washington, D.C.) 2004 - present
Homeowners Guide to Rainfall (www.riversides.org/rainguide) Municipal Low Salt Diet** Water In the City Walk** RiverSafe Carwash Campaign**
RiverSides is the R&D design home of Resilient Rain; our vision and passion to protect rain, where it falls, and the clean rivers that flow from doing so. Resilient Rain transforms neighbourhood rain barrel programs from discrete, unproductive, and unreliable into a stormwater smart grid for providing effective, reliable and resilient residential LID.
Runoff
Hydrograph Summary
1 2 3
Existing Developed, conventional CN, no control. Developed, conventional CN and control. Developed, LID-CN, no control. Developed, LID-CN, same Tc. Developed, LID-CN, same Tc, same CN with retention. Same as with additional detention to maintain Q.
4
4 Pre-development Peak Runoff Rate 5 5 6 7
2 7 3 6 1
In most urban centres a rivers flow is subjugated to the land form of the street and the pipe. This is known as the sewershed.
How do you maintain the ecological integrity (ecosystem functions) of aquatic systems (streams)? Scale / Spatial / Temporal / Species
Nutrients Temperature D.O. pH Turbidity Organics Toxics Velocity Frequency Runoff Evaporation Ground Water Flow Duration Rain Intensity Canopy Siltation Gradient Substrate Current Instream Cover Sinuosity Width/Depth Channel Morphology Soils Stability Riparian Vegetation
Chemical
Flow Regime
Variables
Habitat
Structure
Energy Sources
Goals / Objectives
Community Engagement
Supportive Follow-up
Reduced Combined Sewer Overflows and Stormwater Runoff
Conventional Development
Every aspect of a site is designed to get rid of runoff as quickly as possible buildings, lawns, streets, etc.
Soil Modifications
Clear Vegetation Remove Top Soil Compaction Change Grades Modify Drainage Destroy Biological Activity Destroy Soil Structure / Function
Efficiency
Street Storage?
Multiple Systems
LIDs distributed control opportunities are unlimited when you think small.
Low Impact Development (LID) Goal Maintain and/or restore hydrology and water quality in
developed watersheds to protect ecosystems, meet regulatory requirements and achieve local water resources protection objectives.
Approach
A sophisticated technological approach to water resources/ecosystem protection/restoration using new management paradigms, innovative lot level control practices and pollution prevention measures.
Strategy
Cumulative benefits of LID
principles and practices maintain and/or restore watershed functions in urban neighbourhoods
Multifunctional Infrastructure
Evaporate Infiltrate Retain Detain Filter Use
Timing
DIMPs Pollution Prevention
2. Minimize Impacts
Consensus Recommendations Minimize clearing Minimize grading Reduce Impervious Surfaces Conserve Natural Resources Save A and B soils Reduce Stormwater Impacts Limit lot disturbance Compact Development New Development Soil Amendments Quality of Life Alternative Surfaces Conventional Stormwater Management Reforestation Disconnect Reduce pipes, curb and gutters
3.
Open Drainage Use green space Flatten slopes Disperse drainage Lengthen flow paths Vegetative swales Save headwater areas Maximize sheet flow Maintain natural flow paths Increase distance from streams
4.
Structural BMPs
LID Development
5. Pollution Prevention
80 % Reduction in N&P
Tree
Inlet
Curb
Street
High Rate
Biofilter
Storm Drain
Tree Conservation
Rain Barrels
Amended Soils Rain Gardens
Multi-functional Swales
Rain Barrels
Rain barrels work day in and day out to catch rain before it runs into the storm drains Connected to your downspout, rain barrels collect rain water whenever it rains When it isnt raining, rain water stays in the barrels waiting to be used on your garden and lawn
Rain Gardens
If it reaches the street grate, youve lost more than half of the opportunity to make a difference
Lot level source control utilizes a combination of practical technology, natural systems, and pollution prevention. Whether we refer to the process as Smart Growth or Low Impact Development, the result is to re-establish the predevelopment hydrologic regime.
We accomplish this by recognizing the factors that we have to deal with, and what we can accomplish to prevent CSOs and stormwater flows.
Soakaway Pits
Rooftop Gardens
Downspout Disconnection
The US Calculation
Rainfall density x Roof Area per downspout = Volume Measurement
Rain x 350 sq./ ft. (average roof area per downspout) = cubic feet of volume
Potential Problems?
Lack of Permeability Grade of Property to Structure Tree Roots Price Equity/Accessibility Neighbours Inadequate Understanding
Solutions!
Partnerships: Municipalities, community members, local organizations