Cycle of Sustainability Using Landlls and Enhancing the Biodegradation of Plastic Materials

Plastic Regular
Landll Utilized by Industry or to power homes

Enhanced Biodegradable Plasticwith BioSphere

Biodegradation

50-1000 Years Depending on Product

Power Generation from Methane Capture

6 mo -10 Years Depending on Product Design

Methane Capture 594 Landlls Every State Except Wyoming, Alaska, Dominican Republic Puerto Rico and Hawaii

Wednesday, August 1, 12

Plastic Biodegrades on its own.

Deterioration of polymeric materials is caused by adhering microorganisms that colonize their surfaces, forming biofilm (Mitchell et al. 1996; Viktorov et al. 1992). The formation of a biofilm is a prerequisite for substantial corrosion and deterioration of these materials to take place. Biofilm is a slimy layer where bacterial cells can encase themselves in a hydrated matrix of polysaccharides and protein which is composed of water (80- 95%), extracellular polymer substances (EPS) that contribute 85-98% of the organic matter, the microorganisms, entrapped organic and inorganic particles (e.g. humic substances, debris, clay, silica, gypsum, etc.), substances sorbed to EPS, cells or particles and substances dissolved in the interstitial water (Flemming 1998). The process of establishment of complex community of microorganisms on surface attachment as biofilm is known as biofouling or microfouling. The major five damaging mechanisms (both direct and indirect) through which the structure and function of synthetic polymeric materials can be damaged by biofilms can be very high.

Yu Gu and other scientists have researched and shown that synthetic plastic biodegrades over a long period of time.

http://www.biosphereplastic.com/uncategorized/microbial-biodegradation-of-polymeric-materials/

Wednesday, August 1, 12

BioSphere Enhances Biodegradation

We enhance biodegradation by attracting the right microorganisms to the plastic surface and allow those microbes to work in a different biodegradation mechanism than competition in the market. Most competitors products biodegrade like an onion from the outside in one layer at a time. Our product biodegrades like and onion one layer at a time as well, with one exception. BioSpheres additive accelerates the biodegradation process by attracting certain microorganisms that create cave like effects allowing for a broadening of the surface area, enabling more microbes to attach biolms within the structure of the polymer chains. This BioSphere advantage literally cuts the biodegradation process in half.

BioSpheres plastic additive greatly enhances the methane potential and landll power generation potential in a very short period of time.
http://www.biosphereplastic.com/services/

By attracting a wide range of microorganisms that utilize the sugars and hydrophilic properties of BioSphere additive and increase biodegradation of plastic articles.

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Biodegradation in Landlls Does Occur.

http://www.epa.gov/methane/sources.html
Biodegradation in Landlls

Methane is Captured and Utilized as Power EPA Reports Biodegradation in Landlls

http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/usinventoryreport.html http://www.epa.gov/lmop/basic-info/index.html Landll Methane to Energy

Wednesday, August 1, 12

Landlls Convert Methane to Energy.

Electricity Generation
The generation of electricity from LFG makes up about twothirds of the currently operational projects in the United States. Electricity for onsite use or sale to the grid can be generated using a variety of different technologies, including internal combustion engines, turbines, microturbines, and fuel cells. The vast majority of projects use internal combustion (reciprocating) engines or turbines, with microturbine technology being used at smaller landlls and in niche applications. Technologies such as Stirling and organic Rankine cycle engines and fuel cells are still in development.

Direct Use
Directly using LFG to offset the use of another fuel (e.g., natural gas, coal, fuel oil) is occurring in about onethird of the currently operational projects. This direct use of LFG can be in a boiler, dryer, kiln, greenhouse, or other thermal application. LFG can also be used directly to evaporate leachate. Innovative direct uses include ring pottery and glassblowing kilns; powering and heating greenhouses and an ice rink; and heating water for an aquaculture (sh farming) operation. Current industries using LFG include auto manufacturing, chemical production, food processing, pharmaceuticals, cement and brick manufacturing, wastewater treatment, consumer electronics and products, paper and steel production, and prisons and hospitals, just to name a few.

Methane Generation is a major part of SWANA(Solid Waste Association of North America) the EPA and other organizations around the world

http://www.epa.gov/lmop/basic-info/index.html http://www.biosphereplastic.com/landll-gas-to-energy/landll-power-turning-waste-to-energy/ Wednesday, August 1, 12 Waste Management has 80 methane-to-energy projects in US

Sustainable Future

From biodegradable plastic to useable energy, BioSphere enhances the total methane potential of landlls allowing for power generation and energy efciently and effectively.

http://epa.gov/methane/reports/02-landlls.pdf

Wednesday, August 1, 12

Enhanced Biodegradable Plasticwith BioSphere

6 mo -10 Years Depending on Product Design

Wednesday, August 1, 12