CHAPTER 12: MOTIVATION AND WORK [Note: Correct Answers are in Bold.

] After spending years in the ocean, a mature salmon swims up its home river to return to its birthplace. This behavior is an example of: A. homeostasis. B. a set point. C. a refractory period. D. an instinct.

In poorer nations, life satisfaction is especially likely to be influenced by satisfaction with one's ________. In wealthier countries, life satisfaction is especially likely to be influenced by satisfactions with one's ________. A. financial circumstances; home life B. physical appearance; financial circumstances C. personal achievements; personal safety D. sexual desires; financial circumstances

When scientists put 36 conscientious objectors on a semi-starvation diet for six months, all of the following occurred EXCEPT: A. the men appeared listless and apathetic. B. the men became obsessed with food. C. the men spent more time thinking about sex. D. the men lost interest in social activities. Dr. Richards is electrically stimulating a well-fed rats __________; as she does so, she observes an increase in the rats eating behavior. A. hippocampus B. thalamus C. hypothalamus D. pancreas

Over the past 50 years, the incidence of anorexia nervosa has steadily increased. This is most clearly attributable to: A. cultural ideals of beauty that increasingly encourage thinness. B. increasing levels of childhood sexual abuse. C. the onset of adolescence at increasingly younger ages. D. the decreasing emphasis on maintaining stable marriages.

A group of men had their regular food intake cut in half. After 24 weeks, their weight stabilized at about three-fourths of their previous weight, even though they were allowed to eat only half of what they typically ate before. This limited weight loss was due, at least in part, to the fact that their dietary restriction led to: A. a proliferation of their lymphocytes. B. the inhibition of their dopamine reuptake. C. a sharp decrease in their metabolic rates. D. a dramatic surge in their cholesterol levels.

Lindsey is extremely afraid of becoming obese even though she is underweight. She often checks her body in the mirror for any signs of fat and refuses to eat most foods because she insists they are fatty or high in calories. Lindsey most clearly demonstrates symptoms of: A. excess PYY. B. bulimia nervosa. C. an abnormally high set point. D. anorexia nervosa.

During which stage of the sexual response cycle does a man experience a refractory period in which he is incapable of orgasm? A. plateau B. resolution C. excitement D. relaxation

Researchers found somewhat higher levels of homosexuality among males who have: A. older brothers. B. more than one sister. C. no siblings. D. been raised by only their mother.

Michael works for a large company, selecting employees for positions. He is a(n): A. clinical psychologist. B. personnel psychologist. C. organizational psychologist. D. behaviorist.

What is the interviewer illusion? A. Applicants tend to perceive interviewers as competent. B. Interviewers tend to overestimate their intuition about future applicants. C. Applicants tend to become anxious, making poor impressions on interviewers.

D. Interviewers tend to assume that applicants are faking competence.

Critical Thinking Questions:

You are working on a difficult jigsaw puzzle. It is both frustrating and enjoyable. Which of the basic theories of motivation can best explain your behavior? A. Abraham Maslows theory B. homeostasis theory C. drive reduction theory D. arousal theory Critics of Abraham Maslows hierarchy would be most likely to point out that: A. the order of the needs is not universally fixed. B. most people do not indicate that physiological needs are most basic. C. all needs seem to be equal, and should not be arranged in a hierarchical fashion. D. so far, research on Abraham Maslows hierarchy has only been carried out in the U.S. Dorothea Dix wrote, Nobody wants to kiss when they are hungry. Which theory of motivation does this statement best represent? A. Abraham Maslows theory B. homeostasis C. drive reduction theory D. arousal theory Alfred Kinseys studies of sexual behavior were highly criticized. Which of the following, however, was NOT a common criticism? A. The sample was not random. B. Whites were overrepresented. C. Well-educated people were overrepresented. D. Respondents would not reveal private experiences. Youve just gotten a job as a weight loss counselor. Your first client wants you to tell him some things he should consider when approaching a weight loss regimen. Which of the following statements is BAD advice? A. Weight loss and gain have genetic components. B. Weight loss is a simple matter of cutting down on calories. C. Social influences, such as daily routine and peers, have an effect on weight loss and gain.

D. Exercise can be helpful for people who want to lose weight.