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Urine tests and blood tests can be used to confirm a diagnose of diabetes based on the amount of glucose found. Urine c an also detect ketones and protein in the urine that may help diagnose diabetes and assess how well the kidneys are functioning. These tests also can be used to monitor the disease once the patient is on a standardized diet, oral medication s, or insulin. Urine tests Clinistix and Diastix are paper strips or dipsticks that change color when dippe d in urine. The test strip is compared to a chart that shows the amount of gluco se in the urine based on the change in color. The level of glucose in the urine lags behind the level of glucose in the blood. Testing the urine with a test sti ck, paper strip, or tablet that changes color when sugar is present is not as ac curate as blood testing, however it can give a fast and simple reading. Ketones in the urine can be detected using similar types of dipstick tests (Acet est or Ketostix). Ketoacidosis can be a life-threatening situation in Type I dia betics, so having a quick and simple test to detect ketones can assist in establ ishing a diagnosis sooner. Another dipstick test can determine the presence of protein or albumin in the ur ine. Protein in the urine can indicate problems with kidney function and can be used to track the development of renal failure. A more sensitive test for urine protein uses radioactively tagged chemicals to detect microalbuminuria, small am ounts of protein in the urine, that may not show up on dipstick tests. Blood tests FASTING GLUCOSE TEST. Blood is drawn from a vein in the patient's arm after a pe riod at least eight hours when the patient has not eaten, usually in the morning before breakfast. The red blood cells are separated from the sample and the amo unt of glucose is measured in the remaining plasma. A plasma level of 7.8 mmol/L (200 mg/L) or greater can indicate diabetes. The fasting glucose test is usuall y repeated on another day to confirm the results. POSTPRANDIAL GLUCOSE TEST. Blood is taken right after the patient has eaten a me al. ORAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST. Blood samples are taken from a vein before and afte r a patient drinks a thick, sweet syrup of glucose and other sugars. In a non-di abetic, the level of glucose in the blood goes up immediately after the drink an d then decreases gradually as insulin is used by the body to metabolize, or abso rb, the sugar. In a diabetic, the glucose in the blood goes up and stays high af ter drinking the sweetened liquid. A plasma glucose level of 11.1 mmol/L (200 mg /dL) or higher at two hours after drinking the syrup and at one other point duri ng the two-hour test period confirms the diagnosis of diabetes. A diagnosis of diabetes is confirmed if there are symptoms of diabetes and a pla sma glucose level of at least 11.1 mmol/L, a fasting plasma glucose level of at least 7 mmol/L; or a two-hour plasma glucose level of at least 11.1 mmol/L durin g an oral glucose tolerance test. Home blood glucose monitoring kits are available so patients with diabetes can m onitor their own levels. A small needle or lancet is used to prick the finger an d a drop of blood is collected and analyzed by a monitoring device. Some patient s may test their blood glucose levels several times during a day and use this in formation to adjust their doses of insulin.